Optical communication system

Abstract

An optical communication system includes a controller configured to tune each of a plurality of spoke transceivers to select a corresponding wavelength band from a wavelength spectrum, where the wavelength spectrum includes a plurality of subcarriers, wherein each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers includes a corresponding and unique wavelength band obtained from the wavelength spectrum, where the plurality of spoke transceivers are coupled to a first power splitter receiving the wavelength spectrum, where the power splitter is configured to generate a plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums, wherein the each of the plurality of spoke transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums at a first power, and wherein the first power splitter located at a first power splitting stage receives the wavelength spectrums at a second power from a second power splitter located at a second power splitting stage, wherein the second power is greater than the first power.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the invention patent application with application date of March 30, 2022, application number 202280039585.0, and invention name “Optical Communication System”. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to Internet Protocol (IP) switching fabrics and / or topologies, and more particularly to an optical data center fabric (ODCF) that delivers the advantages of a full IPClos fabric and provides fast paths between edge and leaf nodes of a data center using cutting-edge flexible optical technology. Background Art

[0003] In recent years, there has been a push for online services that allow online gaming or cloud gaming to be performed in a streaming format between a cloud gaming server and clients connected via a network. The streaming format has become increasingly popular due to the on-demand availability of gaming titles, the ability to perform more complex games, the ability to network players for multiplayer gaming, the sharing of assets between players, the sharing of instant experiences between players and / or spectators, allowing friends to watch friends play video games, allowing friends to join a friend's ongoing game, etc.

[0004] Unfortunately, demand is also pushing the limits of network connectivity capabilities. In particular, Internet Protocol (IP) fabrics based on Clos switching topologies or fabrics that provide multi-stage circuit-switched networks have become dominant in the cloud industry in recent years due to their ability to scale through one-size-fits-all elements and their highly flexible routing designs. However, as 5-stage or even larger CLOS switching topologies become necessary to deliver the required host connectivity, the number of devices dedicated to "backbone" functions and without user / host connectivity has rapidly increased. These backbone-specific devices increase the cost of switching hardware and transceivers, as well as additional operational complexity and active failure points that need to be managed.

[0005] It would be advantageous to reduce the capital, operating costs and complexity of large switching topologies or fabrics, and also reduce latency between hosts and end-user services. It is against this background that the embodiments of the present disclosure arise. Summary of the invention

[0006] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an optical data center IP switching fabric (ODCF) and / or topology that delivers the advantages of a full Internet Protocol (IP) multi-stage switching fabric and also provides reduced latency without the complexity and cost and also provides fast paths between edge and leaf nodes of a data center using cutting-edge flexible optical technology.

[0007] Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an optical communication system. The optical communication system includes a controller configured to tune each of a plurality of radiation transceivers to select a corresponding wavelength band from a wavelength spectrum, wherein the wavelength spectrum includes a plurality of subcarriers, wherein each of the plurality of subcarriers includes a corresponding and unique wavelength band obtained from the wavelength spectrum, wherein the plurality of radiation transceivers are coupled to a first power splitter receiving the wavelength spectrum, wherein the power splitter is configured to generate a plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums, wherein each of the plurality of radiation transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums at a first power, wherein the first power splitter at a first power splitting stage receives the wavelength spectrum from a second power splitter at a second power splitting stage at a second power, wherein the second power is greater than the first power.

[0008] Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an optical communication system. The optical communication system includes an axis optical transceiver configured to receive a wavelength spectrum at a total power, wherein the wavelength spectrum includes a plurality of subcarriers, wherein each of the plurality of subcarriers includes a corresponding and unique wavelength band obtained from the wavelength spectrum; a power splitter optically coupled to the axis optical transceiver and configured to receive the wavelength spectrum at the total power, wherein the power splitter is configured to generate one or more replicated wavelength spectra at a reduced power; a radiation transceiver coupled to the power splitter and disposed within a rack assembly serving a plurality of servers, wherein the radiation transceiver is configured to receive the replicated wavelength spectrum at a power that is a portion of the total power; and a control system coupled to the radiation transceiver, wherein the control system is configured to tune the radiation transceiver to select a wavelength band from the replicated wavelength spectrum.

[0009] Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an optical communication system. The optical communication system includes an axis optical transceiver configured to receive a wavelength spectrum at a total power, wherein the wavelength spectrum includes a plurality of subcarriers, wherein each of the plurality of subcarriers includes a corresponding and unique wavelength band obtained from the wavelength spectrum; a power separation layer including a plurality of power splitters optically coupled to the axis optical transceiver and configured to output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra; a plurality of radiation transceivers coupled to the power splitter layer, each of the plurality of radiation transceivers configured to receive a corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra at a corresponding power as a portion of the total power; and a control system coupled to the plurality of radiation transceivers, wherein the control system is configured to tune each of the plurality of radiation transceivers to select a corresponding wavelength band from the corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra.

[0010] Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an optical communication system. The optical communication system includes an axis optical transceiver configured to receive a wavelength spectrum. The optical communication system includes a power splitter coupled to the axis optical transceiver. The power splitter operates as a passive device configured to replicate the wavelength spectrum and output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra. Each of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received from the axis optical transceiver. The optical communication system includes a plurality of radiation transceivers coupled to the power splitter. Each of the plurality of radiation transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra. Each radiation transceiver is tunable to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of each radiation transceiver. For example, the radiation transceiver can be tuned to one or more wavelengths, wherein the plurality of tuned wavelengths can be continuous or discontinuous.

[0011] Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an optical communication system. The optical communication system includes an axis optical transceiver configured to receive a wavelength spectrum. The optical communication system includes a power separation layer coupled to the axis optical transceiver. The power separation layer is configured to output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra. Each of the replicated wavelength spectra has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received from the optical transceiver. The power separation layer includes a plurality of power splitters configured in one or more cascaded layers, wherein each power splitter operates as a passive device. The optical communication system includes a plurality of radiation transceivers coupled to the power separation layer. Each of the plurality of radiation transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra. Each radiation transceiver is tunable to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of each radiation transceiver. For example, the radiation transceiver can be tuned to one or more wavelengths, wherein the plurality of tuned wavelengths can be continuous or discontinuous.

[0012] Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an optical communication system. The optical communication system includes an axis optical transceiver configured to receive a wavelength spectrum. The optical communication system includes a first power splitter coupled to the axis optical transceiver. The first power splitter operates as a passive device configured to replicate the wavelength spectrum and output a first plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums. Each replicated wavelength spectrum in the first plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received from the axis optical transceiver. The optical communication system includes a radiation transceiver coupled to the first power splitter. The radiation transceiver is configured to receive a replicated wavelength spectrum from the first plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums. The optical communication system includes a second power splitter coupled to the radiation transceiver. The second power splitter is configured to receive the replicated wavelength spectrum from the first plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums and output a second plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums. The optical communication system includes a coherent transceiver of a server coupled to the second power splitter. The coherent transceiver is configured to receive a replicated wavelength spectrum from the second plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums. In addition, the coherent transceiver can be tuned to select a corresponding wavelength band from the replicated wavelength spectrum from the second plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums, wherein the wavelength band sets the bandwidth of the coherent transceiver. For example, the coherent transceiver can be tuned to one or more wavelengths, wherein the plurality of tuned wavelengths can be continuous or discontinuous.

[0013] Other aspects of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way of example the principles of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The present disclosure may be best understood by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a game cloud system for providing games between one or more computing nodes located in one or more data centers through a network according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2A is a schematic diagram of multiple rack components including multiple computing nodes at a representative data center of a gaming cloud system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of a rack assembly including a top-of-rack switch configured to receive a full wavelength spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 3A An optical switching fabric having multi-point optics and configured with one super-trunk is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 3B An optical switching fabric having multi-point optics and configured with one or more super trunks according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0020] Figure 4A An optical switching texture configured with point-to-multipoint optics according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 4B An embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown Figure 4A The connections between components of an optical data center switching fabric.

[0022] Figure 5A An exemplary layout of components of an optical switch fabric for a data center including a single separator layer is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 5B An optical switching fabric of a data center is shown, comprising multiple and cascaded splitter layers, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig. 6A is a schematic diagram illustrating a switch fabric of a data center including the use of a one-to-four (1*4) splitter across three cascaded splitter layers connected to a super backbone switch layer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 6B The present invention is a diagram showing an implementation of an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6A Schematic diagram of the physical data center layout of the switching fabric.

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a switch fabric of a data center according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the switch fabric being configured to perform switching at the host / server rack level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Although the following detailed description contains many specific details for illustrative purposes, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many variations and modifications to the following details are within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the various aspects of the present disclosure described below are set forth without losing the generality of the claims appended to this specification and without imposing any limitations on the claims.

[0028] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide optical data center fabrics (ODCFs) and / or topologies that deliver the advantages of a full Internet Protocol (IP) multi-stage switching network and also provide fast paths delivered between edge and leaf nodes of a data center using flexible optical technologies. In particular, the intermediate switch layer can be replaced with passive optical power splitters in the data fabric. Advantages include reduced capital and operating costs for large optical data center fabrics, and increased simplicity in implementing optical data center fabrics. Additional advantages include ultra-low latency paths between hosts and end-user services because the latency of the intermediate layer is improved by using passive optical splitters instead of switches, because optical power splitters are purely passive optical devices that add substantially no latency, while conventional switches perform opto-optical (OEO) conversion and some routing and / or switching operations (e.g., packet queuing, etc.), which introduce latency. That is, embodiments of the present disclosure significantly reduce latency through optical data center fabrics while also reducing capital expenditures by removing one or more intermediate switch layers and replacing them with one or more intermediate power separation layers (e.g., replacing expensive switch hardware with a smaller number of cost-effective passive optical devices in the fiber infrastructure) and simultaneously reducing operating expenses (e.g., power usage is reduced and less maintenance is required). In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure simplify networking topologies, resulting in easier expansion (e.g., expansion, multiple building implementations in one or more geographic locations, etc.) and troubleshooting activities.

[0029] With the above general understanding of various embodiments in mind, exemplary details of the embodiments will now be described with reference to the various figures.

[0030] Throughout this specification, references to an "application" or "game" or "video game" or "game application" or "gameplay" are intended to refer to any type of interactive application that is directed by executing input commands. For purposes of illustration only, interactive applications include applications for gaming, word processing, video processing, video game processing, etc. Furthermore, the terms introduced above are interchangeable.

[0031] The embodiments of the present disclosure are implemented in a data center supporting many computing systems. Each of the computing systems can be configured to perform one or more functionalities according to the application executed on the corresponding computing system. The computing system in a specific data center can be configured to provide services (e.g., cloud games, cloud storage, etc.) to the client in general, or can be individually configured to provide unique services to the client. For example, the data center can be configured to generally provide cloud gaming services to many clients (e.g., remote computing devices associated with corresponding users). In another example, the data center can be configured to generally provide a financial service platform to many clients, such as those clients that promote high-frequency trading of financial securities (e.g., stocks, etc.). The data centers with low latency, reduced infrastructure costs, simple expansion, and multi-building implementation features provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure are desirable for providing these various services. For example, for cloud gaming services, these data centers are very suitable for providing the best user experience for players playing complex games, because there are few or no processing and / or display interruptions, and real on-demand games for any game works. In addition, for financial services, these data centers are very suitable for providing higher transaction frequencies and speeds (i.e., fast response times when submitting transaction orders, etc.) than data centers with more traditional configurations. For simplicity and ease of illustration, embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the context of a data center providing cloud gaming, but it should be understood that the data center may be configured to provide other services and / or functionality, such as financial services, etc.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a system 100 for providing games between one or more computing nodes located at one or more data centers through a network 150 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein each data center is configured using an optical data center IP switching fabric, the optical data center IP switching fabric uses a passive optical power splitter device, and the optical data center IP switching fabric provides a fast path between the edge and leaf nodes of the data center, with reduced latency, simple implementation and reduced cost. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the system is configured to provide games between one or more cloud game servers through a network, and more specifically, is configured for high-speed access to network storage (such as within a rack assembly) from a computing node. Cloud gaming includes executing a video game at a server to generate a video frame rendered by the game, and then sending the video frame rendered by the game to a client for display. In other embodiments, the system 100 including one or more data centers can be configured to provide other services, such as financial services, etc.

[0033] It should also be understood that in various embodiments (e.g., in a cloud gaming environment or in a standalone system), a physical machine (e.g., a central processing unit CPU and a graphics processing unit GPU) or a virtual machine or a combination of the two may be used to execute cloud gaming. For example, a virtual machine (e.g., an instance) may be created using a hypervisor of a host hardware (e.g., located at a data center) using one or more components of a hardware layer (such as multiple CPUs, memory modules, GPUs, network interfaces, communication components, etc.). These physical resources may be arranged in racks (such as CPU racks, GPU racks, memory racks, etc.), wherein the physical resources in the racks may be accessed using a top-of-rack switch, which facilitates the fabric for assembling and accessing components for instances (e.g., when building virtualized components of instances). Typically, a hypervisor may present multiple client operating systems configured with multiple instances of virtual resources. That is, each operating system may be configured with a corresponding set of virtualized resources supported by one or more hardware resources (e.g., located at a corresponding data center). For example, each operating system may be supported by a virtual CPU, multiple virtual GPUs, virtual memory, virtualized communication components, etc. In addition, the configuration of an instance may be transmitted from one data center to another to reduce latency. When saving a user's game session, the instant utilization defined for the user or game can be utilized. The instant utilization can include any number of configurations described herein for optimizing the fast rendering of video frames for a game session. In one embodiment, the instant utilization defined for a game or user can be transferred between data centers as a configurable setting. The ability to transfer instant utilization settings enables efficient migration of games from data center to data center when users connect to play games from different geographical locations.

[0034] System 100 includes a gaming cloud system 190 as implemented by one or more data centers (e.g., data centers 1 to N). As shown, an instance of gaming cloud system 190 may be located in data center N that provides management functionality, where the management functionality of gaming cloud system 190 may be distributed through multiple instances of gaming cloud system 190 at each data center. In some implementations, gaming cloud system management functionality may be located outside of any data center.

[0035] This game cloud system 190 includes a distributor 191, which is configured to distribute each of the client devices (e.g., 1-N) to the corresponding resources in the corresponding data center. In particular, when the client device 110 logs in to the game cloud system 190, the client device 110 can be connected to the instance of the game cloud system 109 at the data center N, where the data center N can be geographically closest to the client device 110. The distributor 191 can perform diagnostic tests to determine the available transmission and reception bandwidth of the client device 110. Based on the test, the distributor 191 can distribute resources to the client device 110 very specifically. For example, the distributor 191 can distribute a specific data center to the client device 110. In addition, the distributor 191 can distribute specific computing nodes of a specific rack component, a specific streaming array, and a specific computing bracket to the client device 110. The distribution can be performed based on the knowledge of the assets (e.g., games) available at the computing node. Previously, client devices were distributed to data centers as a whole without further distribution to rack components. In this way, the distributor 191 is able to distribute client devices requesting execution of a particular computationally intensive gaming application to a computing node that may not be running the computationally intensive application. In addition, load management of the distribution of computationally intensive gaming applications as requested by the client may be performed at the distributor 191. For example, the same computationally intensive gaming application requested within a short period of time may be distributed across different computing nodes of different computing brackets in one rack assembly or different rack assemblies to reduce the load on a particular computing node, computing bracket, and / or rack assembly.

[0036] In some embodiments, allocation can be performed based on machine learning. In particular, resource requirements can be predicted for a specific data center and its corresponding resources. For example, if it is predictable that a data center will soon handle many clients running computationally intensive game applications, then allocator 191 can allocate client devices 110 with this knowledge, and allocate resources that are currently not utilizing all of its resource capabilities. In another case, in anticipation of an increase in load at data center N, allocator 191 can switch client devices 110 from the game cloud system 190 in data center N to available resources in data center 3. In addition, future clients can be allocated to resources in a distributed manner so that the load and demand of resources can be distributed throughout the game cloud system, across multiple data centers, across multiple rack components, across multiple computing brackets and / or across multiple computing nodes. For example, client devices 110 can be allocated resources from both the game cloud systems on data center N (e.g., through path 1) and data center 3 (e.g., through path 2).

[0037] Once the client device 110 is assigned to a specific computing node of a corresponding computing rack of a corresponding streaming array, the client device 110 is connected to the corresponding data center through a network. That is, the client device 110 can communicate with a data center (such as data center 3) different from the data center where the assignment is performed.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the system 100 provides games by means of a game cloud system 190, wherein the game is executed away from the client device (e.g., a thin client) of the corresponding user who is playing the game. The system 100 may provide game control to one or more users playing one or more games by means of a network 150 through a cloud game network or a game cloud system 190 in a single player mode or a multi-player mode. In some embodiments, the cloud game network or the game cloud system 190 may include a plurality of virtual machines (VMs) running on a hypervisor of a host, wherein one or more virtual machines are configured to utilize the hardware resources available to the hypervisor of the host to execute a game processor module. In some implementations, the game processor module may include a processing emulator to execute a software application configured for a processor or operating system to run on a processing emulator that can be configured with different processors and / or operating systems, wherein the processing emulator may or may not be virtualized. The network 150 may include one or more communication technologies. In some embodiments, the network 150 may include a fifth generation (5G) network technology with an advanced wireless communication system.

[0039] In some embodiments, wireless technology can be used to facilitate communication. Such technology can include, for example, 5G wireless communication technology. 5G is the fifth generation of cellular network technology. The 5G network is a digital cellular network in which the service area covered by the provider is divided into small geographical areas called cells. The analog signals representing sound and images are digitized in the phone, converted by an analog-to-digital converter and transmitted as a bit stream. Through the frequency channels allocated by the transceiver from the frequency pool reused in other cells, all 5G wireless devices in the cell communicate with the local antenna array and low-power automatic transceiver (transmitter and receiver) in the cell through radio waves. The local antenna is connected to the telephone network and the Internet through a high-bandwidth optical fiber or wireless backhaul connection. As in other cell networks, a mobile device that crosses from one cell to another automatically goes to the new cell. It should be understood that the 5G network is only an exemplary type of communication network, and the embodiments of the present disclosure can utilize an earlier generation of wireless or wired communication, as well as a newer generation of wired or wireless technology after 5G.

[0040] As shown, the system 100 including the game cloud system 190 can provide access to multiple game applications. In particular, each of the client devices may be requesting access to different game applications from the cloud game network. For example, the game cloud system 190 may provide one or more game servers, which may be configured to be executed on one or more hosts to execute one or more virtual machines of the corresponding game application. For example, the game server may manage a virtual machine of a game processor that supports instantiating an instance of a game application for a user. Therefore, multiple game processors of one or more game servers associated with multiple virtual machines are configured to execute multiple instances of one or more game applications associated with games of multiple users. In this way, the back-end server supports the streaming of media (e.g., video, audio, etc.) of the games of multiple game applications to multiple corresponding users. That is, the game server of the game cloud system 190 is configured to stream data (e.g., rendered images and / or frames of the corresponding games) back to the corresponding client device through the network 150. In this way, a computationally complex game application may be executed at the back-end server in response to a controller input received and forwarded by a client device. Each server can render images and / or frames, which are then encoded (eg, compressed) and streamed to a corresponding client device for display.

[0041] In one embodiment, the cloud game network or game cloud system 190 is a distributed game server system and / or architecture. In particular, the distributed game engine executing the game logic is configured as a corresponding instance of the corresponding game application. In general, the distributed game engine adopts each of the functions of the game engine and distributes these functions for execution by numerous processing entities. Individual functions can be further distributed on one or more processing entities. The processing entity can be configured to different configurations, including physical hardware, and / or configured as a virtual component or a virtual machine, and / or configured as a virtual container, wherein the container is different from the virtual machine because it virtualizes the instance of the game application running on the virtualized operating system. The processing entity can utilize and / or rely on the server and its underlying hardware on one or more servers (computing nodes) of the cloud game network or game cloud system 190, wherein the server can be located on one or more racks. The execution of these functions to the coordination, allocation and management of various processing entities is performed by the distribution synchronization layer. In this way, the execution of these functions is controlled by the distribution synchronization layer to generate media (e.g., video frames, audio, etc.) for the game application in response to the player's controller input. The distributed synchronization layer enables these functions to be efficiently performed (eg, via load balancing) across distributed processing entities, allowing key game engine components / functions to be distributed and reassembled for more efficient processing.

[0042] Figure 2A2 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of rack assemblies 210 including a plurality of computing nodes at a representative data center 200A of a gaming cloud system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the plurality of data centers may be located throughout the world, such as in North America, Europe, and Japan. In one embodiment, the rack assembly (e.g., configured for game streaming) is centered around a computing node that runs a gaming application, a video game, and / or streams audio / video of a gaming session to one or more clients.

[0043] The data center 200A includes a plurality of rack assemblies 220 (e.g., rack assemblies 220A to 220N). Each of the rack assemblies includes a corresponding top-of-rack (TOR) switch and a plurality of computing brackets. For example, the representative rack assembly 220N includes a top-of-rack switch 240N and a plurality of computing brackets 230 (e.g., brackets 230A to 230N). Other rack assemblies may be configured similarly, whether modified or not. In particular, each of the computing brackets includes one or more computing nodes that provide hardware resources (e.g., processors, CPUs, GPUs, etc.). For example, computing bracket 230N among the plurality of computing brackets 230 of the rack assembly 220N is shown as including four computing nodes, but it should be understood that the rack assembly may include one or more computing nodes. Each rack assembly is coupled to a top-of-rack switch that is configured to provide communication with a management server 210 configured to manage the corresponding data center. The top-of-rack switch may be coupled to an optical data center fabric configured to deliver data throughout the data center. For example, rack assembly 220N is coupled to a top-of-rack switch 240N. The top-of-rack switch also provides communications to an external communications network (eg, the Internet, etc.).

[0044] As shown in the figure, the management server 210 of the data center 200A and ( Figure 1 The management server 210 may communicate with the allocator 191 shown in the figure to allocate resources to the client device 110. In particular, the management server 210 may work with the instance 190' of the game cloud system and communicate with (e.g., Figure 1 The initial instance 190 of the gaming cloud system of the present disclosure works in conjunction with the allocation of resources to the client device 110. In an embodiment, the allocation is performed based on asset awareness, such as knowing what resources and bandwidth are needed and what resources and bandwidth exist at the data center. Therefore, for illustration, the embodiments of the present disclosure are configured to allocate the client device 110 to a specific computing node 232 of a corresponding computing bracket 231 of a corresponding rack assembly 220B.

[0045] In addition, the management server 210 of the data center 200A includes a switch controller 215 that communicates with each of the plurality of top-of-rack (TOR) switches 240. As previously described, each rack assembly may be configured with a corresponding cluster or top-of-rack switch. For example, rack assembly 220A includes top-of-rack switch 240A, rack assembly 220B includes top-of-rack switch 240B, rack assembly 220C includes top-of-rack switch 240C, ..., and rack assembly 220N includes top-of-rack switch 240N. In particular, the switch controller 215 may configure each top-of-rack switch to tune to an optional wavelength band, wherein the band sets the bandwidth of the radial transceiver of the corresponding rack assembly. In this way, each rack assembly may be reconfigured at various points in time according to how the computing nodes in the corresponding rack assembly will be utilized. For example, during peak gaming hours, a rack assembly may be tuned to receive a wavelength band sufficient to support gaming. During non-peak gaming hours (e.g., dark hours), the same rack assembly may be tuned to receive different wavelength bands. For example, during off-peak hours, a rack component may be tuned to receive less bandwidth (i.e., when compared to the bandwidth received during peak hours) sufficient to maintain a minimum amount of connectivity for gaming. In this way, additional bandwidth (i.e., not being used by the rack component) may be dynamically allocated to other rack components that are currently experiencing more demand, such as rack components with compute nodes performing data backup or maintenance, running deep learning algorithms, etc.

[0046] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of a rack assembly including a top-of-rack switch 250 configured to receive a full wavelength spectrum as part of an optical data center fabric according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the top-of-rack switch 250 is further tuned to receive and communicate on discrete portions of the full wavelength spectrum (e.g., selected wavelength bands that set the bandwidth of the rack assembly). In this manner, the optical data center fabric uses one or more passive optical power splitter devices to provide a fast path between the edge of the data center (e.g., super spine switches) and leaf nodes (e.g., top-of-rack switches).

[0047] In particular, rack assembly 220X may be configured to provide game streaming capabilities using computing nodes that execute one or more game applications. In other implementations, computing nodes may be used to execute other types of applications. Rack assembly 220X may include a network storage device (not shown) that is configured to store game content (e.g., game logic, game applications, game data, user data, etc.) for high-speed access by one or more computing nodes and / or servers (280A to 280N). One or more computing nodes and / or servers may be configured as a streaming array. In other embodiments, the network storage device is remote from rack assembly 220X, such as in a distributed storage device configured to store multiple game applications (e.g., a complete complement of game work packages for a game cloud system). As shown, Figure 2B The schematic diagram shows a high-level rack design of a rack assembly 220X, which may represent Figure 2A One or more of the plurality of rack components 220. For example, rack component 220X may represent rack component 220N.

[0048] In addition, the rack assembly 220X includes a top-of-rack switch 250, which may also be referred to as a leaf node or leaf node switch. The top-of-rack switch 250 is configured to receive a full wavelength spectrum provided within an optical data center fabric for data networking throughout the data center, and is further tuned to receive and communicate on discrete portions of the full wavelength spectrum. For example, the top-of-rack switch 250 receives the full wavelength spectrum from one or more passive optical power separation layers. In particular, the top-of-rack switch 250 can be communicatively coupled to other computing nodes and / or servers of the same rack assembly or a different rack assembly through the optical data center fabric. For example, the top-of-rack switch can be communicatively coupled to a communication network (e.g., the Internet) to provide network communications external to the rack assembly and / or the data center.

[0049] As shown, the top-of-rack switch 250 includes a network interface card or controller (NIC) 260 configured to provide communication between the rack components 220X and the optical data center fabric (e.g., via a full wavelength spectrum). In one embodiment, the NIC 260 includes a coherent receiver 275X configured to tune the rack components 220X to select a wavelength band from the full wavelength spectrum received at the top-of-rack switch (e.g., select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the top-of-rack switch 250). In one embodiment, the coherent receiver 275X is configured within a hot-pluggable device 270. For example, the hot-pluggable device can be a small form factor pluggable (SFP) hot-pluggable network interface module 270 including a transceiver that provides access to the optical data center fabric, wherein the top-of-rack switch is configured as a spoke transceiver. In another embodiment, the hot-pluggable device 270 is a quad small form factor pluggable (QSFP) hot-pluggable network interface module that includes a transceiver that provides access to an optical data center fabric, thereby providing higher speed data access and greater bandwidth, wherein a top-of-rack switch is configured as a spoke transceiver.

[0050] In another embodiment, each of the computing nodes and / or servers 280A-280N may optionally include a corresponding coherent receiver. For example, server 280A may include coherent receiver 275A, server 280B may include coherent receiver 275B, ..., and server 280N may include coherent receiver 275N. In this way, tuning to the wavelength band may be performed at each of the computing nodes and / or servers rather than at the top-of-rack switch 250 of the corresponding rack assembly 220X. Figure 7 A more detailed discussion of providing tuning at a compute node and / or server is provided in .

[0051] As previously described, the top-of-rack switch 250 may be controlled by a management server through a control path (not shown).For example, the top-of-rack switch 250 may be dynamically tuned to receive a specific wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the top-of-rack switch.

[0052] Figure 3AAn optical data center switching fabric 300A having point-to-multipoint optical devices configured between a super-backbone axis optical transceiver (e.g., a switching device) 301A and a plurality of leaf nodes 320 (e.g., spoke transceivers) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The leaf nodes may be top-of-rack switches of a plurality of rack components in a data center. As shown, the super-backbone axis optical transceiver 301A is communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of leaf nodes 320 (e.g., leaf switches or top-of-rack switches), such that the optical data center switching fabric 300A effectively provides a fast path delivered between the edge of the data center (i.e., the axis optical transceiver 301A) and the leaf nodes using flexible optical technology (e.g., passive optical power splitters).

[0053] In particular, the optical data center switch fabric 300A transmits data to the leaf nodes using the full wavelength spectrum, rather than separating the full wavelength spectrum by frequency. This can be achieved by using passive optical devices such as optical power splitters in one or more intermediate layers (not shown) instead of using switching devices, as described below, such as with respect to Figures 4A to 4B Further description. For example, the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301A can be configured with multiple ports (e.g., greater than 2 channels) for transmitting and receiving data. Depending on the number of leaf nodes, one or more intermediate layers can be inserted between the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301A and the plurality of leaf nodes 320. That is, as the number of leaf switches increases, one channel from the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301A can be coupled to one or more layers of passive optical power splitters for transmitting the full wavelength spectrum output by the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301A to more than one leaf node.

[0054] In some embodiments, amplifiers may be implemented between the super-backbone axis optical transceiver 301A and the plurality of leaf nodes 320 to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted signal, although it is not expected that amplification will be required given the data length paths typically encountered within a data center. That is, in a data center implementation, the existing power from the optics within the optical data center switch fabric 300A should be high enough that amplifiers are not required, but an amplification stage may be implemented if needed or in some other use cases (such as providing amplification at the axis end).

[0055] As shown, a switch controller 215A may be configured within the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301A. The switch controller 215A may be communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of leaf nodes 320 via a control path 350. In this manner, the switch controller 215A may tune each of the leaf nodes to receive and / or process wavelength bands from the full wavelength spectrum transmitted from the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301A within the optical data center switching fabric 300A. In some cases, the switch controller 215A may be implemented within the management server 210, such as Figure 2A As shown, the management server 210 can be configured within the super-trunk axis optical transceiver 301A, or located away from the axis optical transceiver 301A, as previously described. For example, the coherent receiver at the corresponding leaf node can be tuned to receive and / or process the wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the leaf node.

[0056] The optical data center switching fabric 300A includes a single super-trunk axis optical transceiver 301A that acts as an axis in a one-axis and multi-spoke configuration, where the spoke is a leaf node. The super-trunk axis optical transceiver 301A can provide data through a full wavelength spectrum. Purely for illustration, the full spectrum can carry a selectable wavelength of a specific data rate (e.g., 16 or 32 or 64 gigabits per second, etc.) at 400 gigabits per second (400G) emission. The full wavelength spectrum can be further separated into subcarriers (e.g., 25G or any other number of subcarrier wavelengths) by various multiplexing techniques. In one embodiment, the full wavelength spectrum is separated into 25G subcarrier wavelengths. In this way, each of the spoke transceivers can be tuned to receive one or more 25G subcarrier wavelengths. For example, the spoke transceiver can be tuned to receive any increment or multiple of a 25G subcarrier wavelength, or a 50G subcarrier wavelength, or a 75G subcarrier wavelength, or a 100G subcarrier wavelength, or a 25G subcarrier wavelength.

[0057] Figure 3B An optical data center switching fabric 300B having multi-point optics and configured with one or more super spines is shown according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Each super spine is communicatively coupled to a plurality of leaf nodes (e.g., spoke transceivers or top-of-rack switches) 320. For example, each of the super-spine axis optical transceivers (e.g., switching devices) 301A and 301B is communicatively coupled to a plurality of leaf nodes 320. The leaf nodes can be top-of-rack switches for a plurality of rack components in a data center. In this manner, the optical data center switching fabric 300B effectively provides a fast path delivered between the edge of the data center (i.e., axis optical transceivers 301A and 301B) and the leaf nodes using flexible optical technology (e.g., passive optical power splitters).

[0058] The coupling between each of the super backbone optical transceivers 301A and 301B and the plurality of leaf nodes 320 in the optical data center switch fabric 300B is similar to Figure 3A The coupling between the super trunk axis optical transceiver 301A and the plurality of leaf nodes 320. In this way, when both the super trunk optical transceivers 301A and 301B are used to transmit data, Figure 3B The optical data center switching fabric 300B can provide approximately twice the Figure 3AFor illustration only, if Figure 3A The optical data center switching fabric 300A uses super backbone optical transceivers 301A to provide a full wavelength spectrum transmitted at 400 gigabits per second (ie, 400G), then Figure 3B The optical data center switching fabric 300B can be configured to use super backbone axis optical transceivers 301A and 301B to provide a full wavelength spectrum transmitting at 800 gigabits per second (ie, 800G). In addition, Figure 3B The optical data center switch fabric 300B of FIG. 3 can provide the same operating capacity as the optical data center switch fabric 300A of FIG. 3 , but also provides backup or failover services. That is, when a data delivery path on one or more ports on the super-backbone axis optical transceiver 301A fails, one or more ports of the super-backbone axis optical transceiver 301B can be used to restore those data paths.

[0059] As shown, a switch controller 215B may be configured within the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301B. The switch controller 215B may be communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of leaf nodes 320 via a control path 355. In this manner, the switch controller 215B may tune each of the leaf nodes to receive and / or process a wavelength band from the full wavelength spectrum transmitted from the super backbone axis optical transceiver 301B within the optical data center switching fabric 300B. In some cases, the switch controller 215B may be implemented within the management server 210, such as Figure 2A As shown, the management server 210 can be configured within the super-trunk axis optical transceiver 301B, or located away from the axis optical transceiver 301B, as previously described. For example, the coherent receiver at the corresponding leaf node can be tuned to receive and / or process the wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the leaf node. The tuning of the leaf node is performed in cooperation between the switch controller 215A of the super-trunk axis local transceiver 301A and the switch controller 215B of the super-trunk axis local transceiver 301B.

[0060] Figure 4A An optical data center switch fabric 400 configured with point-to-multipoint optics according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. In particular, the optical data center switch fabric uses point-to-multipoint optics to directly communicatively couple a hub optical transceiver 410 to a plurality of spoke optical transceivers 430 (e.g., leaf switches) through one or more intermediate layers including one or more passive optical devices.

[0061] As shown, the optical data center switch fabric 400 includes an axis optical transceiver 410 (e.g., a super backbone switch) configured to receive a spectrum of wavelengths, also referred to as a full wavelength spectrum processed by the data center. The full wavelength spectrum 420 delivers the total bandwidth for data delivery within the optical data center switch fabric 400. Purely for illustration, the full spectrum can be transmitted in an aggregate at a selectable data rate of 400 gigabits per second (e.g., 400G) or 800 gigabits per second (800G). The optical devices in the optical data center switch fabric 400 can be further separated into sub-carriers using various multiplexing techniques, such as multiple 25G wavelengths and / or channels, as previously described. For example, as Figure 4A As shown, the full wavelength spectrum 420 may be divided into 32 different 25G wavelengths or wavelength bands.

[0062] The axis optical transceiver 410 is communicatively coupled to an optical power splitter 460. That is, an optical power splitter can be used to decompose the point-to-multipoint optical devices of the optical data center switching fabric 400, and the optical power splitter provides a reduction in latency for the entire data center by eliminating one or more switching layers including traditional switches. Since the optical power splitter is a purely passive optical device that does not substantially add latency, latency can be reduced, while traditional switches perform optical-to-optical (OEO) conversion and some routing and / or switching operations (e.g., packet queuing, etc.), thereby introducing latency. In addition, the optical power splitter can be less complex and less costly than switches used at the middle layer in traditional switching fabrics. For example, in some implementations, any standard optical power splitter can be used within the optical data center switching fabric 400. The power splitter 460 operates as a passive device configured to replicate the wavelength spectrum 420 and output multiple replicated wavelength spectra 420'. For example, the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums 420 ′ includes a replicated wavelength spectrum 420A, a replicated wavelength spectrum 420B, . . . , and a replicated wavelength spectrum 420N.

[0063] In an embodiment, each replicated wavelength spectrum includes the full wavelength spectrum 420 (e.g., 800G wavelength) emitted by the axis optical transceiver 410, but at a lower power. That is, each replicated wavelength spectrum in the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums 420' has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received by the optical power splitter 460 from the axis optical transceiver 410. In an embodiment, the power splitter divides the total power or power received with the full wavelength spectrum or replicated full wavelength spectrum evenly or unevenly. For example, the power splitter may divide the total power of the full wavelength spectrum evenly or unevenly within the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums.

[0064] The optical data center switching fabric 400 includes a plurality of spoke transceivers 430 coupled to a power splitter. For example, each spoke transceiver is coupled to a power splitter 460 via a separate connection (e.g., fiber optic cabling). In one implementation, each spoke transceiver is a leaf switch or leaf node, such as a top-of-rack switch at each rack assembly of a corresponding data center. More specifically, each of the plurality of spoke transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of a plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums. That is, each spoke transceiver receives a full wavelength spectrum, so that the optical data center switching fabric 400 transmits data to the spoke transceiver using the full wavelength spectrum, rather than separating the full wavelength spectrum by frequency. Therefore, the point-to-multipoint optical device used between the axis optical transceiver 410 and each of the spoke optical transceivers separates or decomposes the power, but still transmits the full wavelength spectrum. For example, spoke optical transceiver 430A is configured to receive the replicated wavelength spectrum 420A, spoke optical transceiver 430B is configured to receive the replicated wavelength spectrum 420B, ..., and spoke optical transceiver 430N is configured to receive the replicated wavelength spectrum 420N.

[0065] Multiple radiation optical transceivers 430 are tunable to set multiple bandwidths based on the total bandwidth provided by the full wavelength spectrum 420. More specifically, each radiation transceiver is tunable to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the corresponding radiation transceiver (i.e., select a discrete portion of the corresponding full wavelength spectrum that is replicated). For example, each radiation transceiver may include a leaf switch or a top-of-rack switch deployed in a corresponding rack assembly that serves multiple hosts and / or servers. This can be achieved by using a tunable coherent receiver in the radiation optical transceiver. In particular, each radiation transceiver includes an optical coherent receiver that is configured to divide the replicated wavelength spectrum (e.g., the full wavelength spectrum) into selectable wavelength bands, so that each radiation transceiver can be dynamically tuned to receive a selectable wavelength band that defines the bandwidth of the corresponding radiation transceiver. For example, each radiation transceiver includes a coherent receiver configured to select a wavelength band from a corresponding one of the multiple replicated wavelength spectra received by the radiation transceiver.

[0066] In particular, each spoke transceiver may be tuned to at least one subcarrier wavelength (e.g., a 25G wavelength), but may be tuned to multiple subcarriers to increase bandwidth on a single connection, such as to a corresponding spoke transceiver (e.g., a top-of-rack switch). For example, spoke optical transceiver 430A includes a coherent receiver 440A for which its bandwidth is tuned to receive two 25G subcarrier wavelengths for a total of 50G wavelengths, spoke optical transceiver 430B includes a coherent receiver 440B for which its bandwidth is tuned to receive one 25G subcarrier wavelength for a total of 25G wavelengths, ..., and spoke optical transceiver 430N includes a coherent receiver 440N for which its bandwidth is tuned to receive four 25G subcarrier wavelengths for a total of 100G wavelengths. Additionally, another optical transceiver may include a coherent receiver tuned to receive any multiple of a 25G subcarrier wavelength (e.g., 25G, 50G, 75G, 100G, 125G, etc.) or tuned to receive any multiple of a subcarrier wavelength greater than or less than 25G. That is, while some components may be tuned to select multiples of 25G increments, other components may be tuned to select larger or smaller increments based on current technology or the generation of communications within a data center.

[0067] The optical data center switching fabric 400 achieves enhanced performance by reducing latency between the axis optical transceiver 410 and each of the plurality of spoke optical transceivers 430 by removing one or more intermediate switch layers. One or more switches in the one or more intermediate switch layers are replaced with point-to-multipoint optical devices that are passive devices that do not require input power to operate. In one embodiment, the point-to-multipoint optical devices include passive optical power splitters. Depending on the number of spoke optical transceivers required within the data center, one or more intermediate passive optical power splitter layers may be implemented, with each layer including one or more power splitters. In one embodiment, the multiple layers may include cascaded layers of power splitters.

[0068] In one embodiment, the axis optical transceiver 410, each of the optical power splitter 460, and each of the plurality of spoke optical transceivers 430 may be hot-swappable. For example, as previously described, each device may be included in a QSFP form factor. In one implementation, one or more axis optical transceivers and one or more optical power splitters (i.e., configured in one or more layers or multiple cascaded layers) may be mounted within a rack assembly. As previously described, each of the spoke optical transceivers may be mounted in a corresponding rack assembly as a corresponding top-of-rack switch.

[0069] In one embodiment, the control system is coupled to the plurality of coherent receivers of the plurality of spoke transceivers, wherein the control system is configured to tune the coherent receiver of each spoke transceiver to select a corresponding wavelength band. For example, the control system may include a switch controller 215C configured within the axis optical transceiver 410. The switch controller 215C may be communicatively coupled to each of the plurality of spoke optical transceivers 430 via a control path 450. In this manner, the switch controller 215C may tune each of the spoke optical transceivers to receive and / or process a wavelength band from the full wavelength spectrum transmitted from the axis optical transceivers 410 within the optical data center switching fabric 400. In some cases, the switch controller 215C may be implemented within the management server 210, such as Figure 2A As shown, the management server 210 can be configured within the axis optical transceiver 410, or located away from the axis optical transceiver 410, as previously described. For example, the coherent receiver at the corresponding spoke optical transceiver can be tuned to receive and / or process the wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the spoke optical transceiver.

[0070] In one embodiment, the optical data center switching fabric 400 also allows bandwidth to be dynamically allocated to the radial optical transceivers. When traffic demand changes over time, the optical data center switching fabric 400 can be configured to increase and / or reduce capacity as needed. For example, the optical data center switching fabric 400 for a large business system can be heavily used during business hours, and therefore more bandwidth can be allocated to selected rack components and their corresponding hosts / servers during business hours or peak hours. During non-peak hours or dark hours, the bandwidth allocated to each rack component can be dynamically tuned to allow bandwidth to be dynamically allocated between rack components that perform more or less heavy operations. For example, bandwidth can be tuned to allocate and / or reallocate to various servers / network segments of various rack components for performing data backup, management operations, executing machine learning algorithms or other non-peak applications. In addition, software-defined networks (SDNs) can be configured to automate bandwidth allocation so that bandwidth can be dynamically and automatically allocated according to demand.

[0071] In some embodiments, an amplifier may be implemented between the axis optical transceiver 410 and the plurality of spoke optical transceivers 430 to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted signal, although given the data length paths typically encountered within a data center, it is not expected that amplification will be required. That is, an amplifier may be coupled between the spoke transceiver and the power splitter 460, wherein the amplifier is configured to amplify the power of the replicated wavelength spectrum received by the spoke transceiver. Additionally, an amplifier may be coupled between the axis optical transceiver 410 and the power splitter 460, wherein the amplifier is configured to amplify the power of the full wavelength spectrum received by the power splitter 460.

[0072] Figure 4BAn embodiment according to the present disclosure is shown Figure 4A The configuration introduced in the specification has an optical data center switching fabric 400 of point-to-multipoint optical devices. Figure 4A and Figure 4B The illustrated switch fabric 400 is configured identically. That is, the optical data center switch fabric 400 uses point-to-multipoint optics to communicatively couple a hub optical transceiver 410 directly to a plurality of spoke optical transceivers 430 (eg, leaf switches) through one or more intermediate layers including one or more passive optical devices.

[0073] More specifically, Figure 4B The optical data center switching fabric 400 shown shows the connections between the components. As shown, the connection between the axis optical transceiver 410 and the optical power splitter 460 and the connection between the power splitter 460 and each of the plurality of spoke optical transceivers 430 can be achieved through optical fiber cabling, which can be simplex optical fiber cabling or duplex optical fiber cabling. In simplex optical fiber cabling, the signal flows in one direction (i.e., upstream or downstream). In duplex optical fiber cabling, the signal can flow in two directions (i.e., upstream and downstream).

[0074] In one embodiment, the connection between the axis optical transceiver 410 and the optical power splitter 460 is a simplex fiber optic cabling, so that the upstream data traffic and the downstream data traffic require separate cabling. In another embodiment, the connection between the axis optical transceiver 410 and the optical power splitter 460 is a duplex fiber optic cabling for handling both the upstream data traffic and the downstream data traffic.

[0075] In one embodiment, the connection between the optical power splitter 460 and the corresponding spoke optical transceiver is a simplex fiber optic cabling, so that the upstream data traffic and the downstream data traffic require separate cabling. In another embodiment, the connection between the optical power splitter 460 and the corresponding spoke optical transceiver is a duplex fiber optic cabling for handling both the upstream data traffic and the downstream data traffic.

[0076] FIG. 5A to FIG. 5B An example of optical separation in a data center environment is shown. Depending on the purpose, capacity, and variability of bandwidth provisioning of each rack component of the data center, a variety of physical fiber infrastructure topologies may be used in various embodiments. For illustration purposes only, FIG. 5A to FIG. 5BSome examples are provided in , but it should be understood that the topology is not limited to these examples. Regardless of the topology implemented, the topology of the optical data center switch fabric of the embodiments of the present disclosure allows for maximum flexibility with minimal fiber count, which means that for the same rack component count within the data center, when compared to traditional switch fabric designs (e.g., using one or more intermediate switch layers), significantly less fiber is used and significantly less active switching infrastructure (i.e., fewer passive optical devices are used compared to the number of active switches at one or more intermediate layers).

[0077] In particular, Figure 5A An optical switch fabric 500A of a data center according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, the optical switch fabric comprising a single power splitter layer. The optical data center switch fabric 500A uses point-to-multipoint optics to directly communicatively couple a super-spine to a plurality of spoke optical transceivers 550 located in a plurality of rack assemblies 530. As shown, the optical switch fabric 500A comprises a hub optical transceiver, a power splitter layer, and a plurality of spoke optical transceivers 550.

[0078] In particular, the optical switching fabric 500A includes a super-backbone switching device (e.g., a switch, an axis optical transceiver, etc.) configured to receive a wavelength spectrum (e.g., a full wavelength spectrum) 420 that delivers a total bandwidth for data delivery, wherein the full wavelength spectrum 420 has a total power. The super-backbone switching device can be configured within a super-backbone chassis assembly 501A, which also includes passive optical devices.

[0079] In addition, the optical switching fabric 500A includes a power separation layer coupled to a super-trunk (e.g., an axis optical transceiver) in the rack assembly 501A. The power separation layer is configured to output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums, wherein each replicated wavelength spectrum has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received from the super-trunk 501A. In one embodiment, the power separation layer includes a plurality of power splitters configured in one or more cascaded layers, wherein each power splitter operates as a passive device and is configured to replicate the received wavelength spectrum with reduced power. The power separation layer may also be included in the rack assembly 501A.

[0080] like Figure 5AAs shown, the power separation layer includes a layer, and more specifically includes a power separator 460A configured as a one-to-sixteen (1*16) power separator. That is, the full wavelength spectrum is divided into sixteen replicated wavelength spectrums. Each replicated wavelength spectrum has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received from the super backbone switching device, as previously described. In one embodiment, the portion associated with the replicated wavelength spectrum is uniformly distributed. In another embodiment, the portion associated with the replicated wavelength spectrum is unevenly distributed.

[0081] As shown, the power splitter 460 has a plurality of outputs (e.g., channels) 540A to 540P, such as 16 channels. Each output has a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum. The outputs are coupled to a plurality of top-of-rack switches 550 in a plurality of rack assemblies 530. For example, channel 540A output from the power splitter 460A is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550A of the rack assembly 530A, channel 540B is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550B of the rack assembly 530B, channel 540C is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550C of the rack assembly 530C, channel 540D is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550D of the rack assembly 530D, channel 540E is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550E of the rack assembly 530E, channel 540F is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550F of the rack assembly 530F, channel 540G is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550G of the rack assembly 530G, and channel 540H is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550H of the rack assembly 530G. 530H, channel 540I is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550I of rack assembly 530I, channel 540J is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550J of rack assembly 530J, channel 540K is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550K of rack assembly 530K, channel 540L is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550L of rack assembly 530L, channel 540M is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550M of rack assembly 530M, channel 540O is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550O of rack assembly 530O, and channel 540P is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550P of rack assembly 530P. In this manner, one super spine switch port can be connected to 16 leaf switches or top-of-rack switches. It should be understood that one switch port can be connected to any number of top-of-rack switches depending on the number of power separation layers implemented.

[0082] In particular, the optical data center switching fabric 500A includes a plurality of radiating transceivers (e.g., top-of-rack switches) coupled to a power separation layer. Each of the plurality of radiating transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra, wherein each radiating transceiver is tunable to select a wavelength band that sets a bandwidth of each radiating transceiver. Figure 5AAs shown, a plurality of top-of-rack switches 530 are coupled to a power separation layer or power splitter 460A. As previously described, each top-of-rack switch receives a replicated wavelength spectrum and can be further tuned to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the corresponding top-of-rack switch. This is achieved by using a corresponding coherent optical receiver at each top-of-rack switch that is configured to separate the replicated wavelength spectrum into selectable wavelength bands that define the bandwidth of the corresponding top-of-rack switch.

[0083] As previously described, the control system is coupled to the coherent receivers of the plurality of top-of-rack switches 530, wherein the control system is configured to tune each top-of-rack switch to select a corresponding wavelength band. Figure 5A 4. Although not shown in FIG. 4, the control system may include a switch controller communicatively coupled to each coherent receiver to tune each top-of-rack switch to receive a corresponding wavelength band from the full wavelength spectrum 420.

[0084] Figure 5B An optical switching fabric 500B of a data center according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, the optical switching fabric comprising multiple and cascaded splitter layers. The optical data center switching fabric 500B uses point-to-multipoint optics to directly communicatively couple a super-spine to multiple spoke optical transceivers 560 located in multiple rack assemblies 530. As shown, the optical switching fabric 500B comprises a hub optical transceiver, cascaded power splitter layers, and multiple spoke optical transceivers 550.

[0085] In particular, the optical switching fabric 500B includes a super-backbone switching device (e.g., a switch, an axis optical transceiver, etc.) configured to receive a wavelength spectrum (e.g., a full wavelength spectrum) 420 that delivers a total bandwidth for data delivery, wherein the full wavelength spectrum 420 has a total power. The super-backbone switching device can be configured within a super-backbone chassis assembly 501B, which also includes passive optical devices in a cascaded power separation layer.

[0086] In particular, the optical switch fabric 500A includes a cascaded power splitting layer configured to output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra, wherein each replicated wavelength spectrum has a corresponding power as a fraction of the total power received from the super-trunk in the rack assembly 501B. In one embodiment, the cascaded power splitting layer includes a plurality of power splitters configured in one or more cascaded layers, wherein each power splitter operates as a passive device and is configured to replicate the received wavelength spectrum at a reduced power. The cascaded power splitting layer may also be included in the rack assembly 501B.

[0087] As shown in the figure, the cascade power separation layer includes the first layer, and the first layer includes a power separator 460B configured as a one-to-four (1*4) power separator. That is to say, the full wavelength spectrum is divided into four wavelength spectrums of replication. For example, power separator 460 provides the wavelength spectrum of replication as output by channel 560, and provides the wavelength spectrum of replication as another output by channel 561, and provides the wavelength spectrum of replication as another output by channel 562, and provides the wavelength spectrum of replication as another output by channel 563. The wavelength spectrum of each replication provided as the output from power separator 460B has the corresponding power as a part of the total power received from the super backbone switching equipment, as previously described. In one embodiment, the part associated with the wavelength spectrum of replication is evenly distributed. In another embodiment, the part associated with the wavelength spectrum of replication is unevenly distributed.

[0088] In particular, the optical data center switching fabric 500B includes a plurality of radiating transceivers (e.g., top-of-rack switches) coupled to a cascaded power separation layer. Each of the plurality of radiating transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra, wherein each radiating transceiver is tunable to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of each radiating transceiver. Figure 5B As shown, a plurality of top-of-rack switches 530 are coupled to the cascaded power separation layer. As previously described, each top-of-rack switch receives a replicated wavelength spectrum and can be further tuned to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the corresponding top-of-rack switch. This is achieved by using a corresponding coherent optical receiver at each top-of-rack switch, the coherent optical receiver being configured to separate the replicated wavelength spectrum into selectable wavelength bands that define the bandwidth of the corresponding top-of-rack switch.

[0089] As shown, the cascaded power splitting layer is coupled to a plurality of top-of-rack switches 550 in a plurality of rack assemblies 530. In particular, each output from power splitter 460B is coupled to a corresponding top-of-rack switch through a corresponding power splitter. For example, the output on channel 560 is coupled to power splitter 460C configured as a one-to-four (1*4) power splitter, the output on channel 561 is coupled to power splitter 460D configured as a one-to-four (1*4) power splitter, the output on channel 562 is coupled to power splitter 460E configured as a one-to-four (1*4) power splitter, and the output on channel 563 is coupled to power splitter 460F configured as a one-to-four (1*4) power splitter. Each output provides a replicated wavelength spectrum.

[0090] In addition, each of power separators 460C, 460D, 460E and 460F is coupled to a plurality of top-of-rack switches of a corresponding rack assembly. As shown, power separators 460C, 460D, 460E and 460F can be installed in a corresponding rack assembly, but the power separator can be located elsewhere, such as in another rack assembly. In particular, power separator 460C provides four outputs through channels 560A, 560B, 560C and 560D. Each channel is further communicatively coupled to a corresponding top-of-rack switch. For example, from power separator 460C, channel 560A is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550A of rack assembly 530A, channel 560B is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550B of rack assembly 530B, channel 560C is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550C of rack assembly 530C, and channel 560D is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550D of rack assembly 530D. In addition, from the power splitter 460D, the channel 561A is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550E of the rack assembly 530E, the channel 561B is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550F of the rack assembly 530F, the channel 561C is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550G of the rack assembly 530G, and the channel 561D is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550H of the rack assembly 530H. In addition, from the power splitter 460E, the channel 562A is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550I of the rack assembly 530I, the channel 562B is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550J of the rack assembly 530J, the channel 562C is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550K of the rack assembly 530K, and the channel 562D is coupled to the top-of-rack switch 550L of the rack assembly 530L. Additionally, from power splitter 460F, channel 563A is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550M of rack assembly 530M, channel 563B is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550N of rack assembly 530N, channel 563C is coupled to rack switch 550O of rack assembly 530O, and channel 563D is coupled to top-of-rack switch 550P of rack assembly 530P.

[0091] As previously described, the control system is coupled to the coherent receivers of the plurality of top-of-rack switches 530, wherein the control system is configured to tune each top-of-rack switch to select a corresponding wavelength band. Figure 5B 4. Although not shown in FIG. 4, the control system may include a switch controller communicatively coupled to each coherent receiver to tune each top-of-rack switch to receive a corresponding wavelength band from the full wavelength spectrum 420.

[0092] Fig. 6A6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a switch fabric 600A of a data center according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the switch fabric including the use of a one-to-four (1*4) splitter across three cascaded power splitter layers connected to a super-spine switch layer 610. In particular, the optical data center switch fabric 600A uses point-to-multipoint optics to directly communicatively couple the super-spine switch layer (e.g., axis optical transceivers) to multiple spoke optical transceivers (e.g., leaf switches, i.e., top-of-rack switches) through one or more intermediate layers including one or more passive optical devices.

[0093] As shown, the optical data center switching fabric 600A includes a super-backbone switching layer 610 configured to receive a wavelength spectrum, which is also referred to as the full wavelength spectrum processed by the data center. The full wavelength spectrum delivers the total bandwidth for data delivery within the optical data center switching fabric 600A. Purely for illustration, the full spectrum can be transmitted at an optional data rate of 400 gigabits per second (e.g., 400G) or 800 gigabits per second (800G) aggregation. The optical devices in the optical data center switching fabric 400 can be further separated into subcarriers using various multiplexing techniques, such as multiple 25G wavelengths, as previously described. For example, the full wavelength spectrum can be divided into 32 different 25G wavelengths or wavelength bands.

[0094] The optical switching fabric 600A includes three cascaded power splitter layers coupled to the super backbone switching layer 610. For example, the cascaded power splitter layers and the super backbone switching layer may be located within a rack assembly of a data center. The three cascaded splitter layers include a first cascaded stage of power splitters, a second cascaded stage of power splitters, and a third cascaded stage of power splitters. The three cascaded power splitter layers are configured to output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums, wherein each replicated wavelength spectrum has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received from the super backbone switching layer 610. In one embodiment, the cascaded power splitter layer includes a plurality of power splitters configured in one or more cascaded layers, wherein each power splitter operates as a passive device and is configured to replicate the received wavelength spectrum with reduced power.

[0095] In particular, the first cascade stage includes a single one-to-four (1*4) power splitter 460G that provides four outputs through the channel. Each output provides a replicated wavelength spectrum having a power that is a fraction of the total power of the full wavelength spectrum provided by the super backbone switching layer 610.

[0096] The second cascade stage includes four power separators, each of which is a one-to-four (1*4) power separator, and each power separator is coupled to the power separator 460G in the first cascade. For example, power separator 460H receives a replicated wavelength spectrum from the power separator 460G in the first cascade stage through a channel, and provides four additional outputs through a channel, each output providing a replicated wavelength spectrum. In addition, power separator 460I receives a replicated wavelength spectrum from the power separator 460G in the first cascade stage through a channel, and provides four additional outputs through a channel, each output providing a replicated wavelength spectrum. In addition, power separator 460J receives a replicated wavelength spectrum from the power separator 460G in the first cascade stage through a channel, and provides four additional outputs through a channel, each output providing a replicated wavelength spectrum. In addition, power separator 460K receives a replicated wavelength spectrum from the power separator 460G in the first cascade stage through a channel, and provides four additional outputs through a channel, each output providing a replicated wavelength spectrum.

[0097] The third cascade stage includes sixteen power splitters 460L, 460M, 460N, 460O, ..., and 460X. Each power splitter is configured similarly, wherein each power splitter is coupled to the output of a power splitter from the power splitters of the third cascade stage. As a representative example, the power splitter 460H from the second cascade stage provides four outputs coupled to power splitters 460L, 460M, 460N and 460O. For example, each of power splitters 460L to 460O receives a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum from power splitter 460H via a corresponding channel.

[0098] The three cascaded power splitter layers are coupled to a plurality of spoke optical transceivers, such as a top-of-rack switch of a plurality of rack assemblies. Each of the plurality of spoke transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum, wherein each spoke transceiver receives the full wavelength spectrum, but receives it at a reduced power compared to the total power output by the super trunk switching layer 610 providing the full wavelength spectrum, as previously described. Thus, each spoke transceiver is configured to separate the replicated wavelength spectrum (e.g., the full wavelength spectrum) into selectable wavelength bands using a corresponding optical coherent receiver. That is, each spoke transceiver can be dynamically tuned to receive a selectable wavelength band that defines the bandwidth of the corresponding spoke transceiver.

[0099] Figure 6B is a diagram showing an implementation including multiple and cascaded power splitter layers according to one embodiment of the present disclosure Fig. 6ASchematic diagram of a physical data center layout of an optical data center switch fabric 600A. The optical data center switch fabric 600B uses point-to-multipoint optics to communicatively couple a super-spine switch layer directly to a plurality of spoke optical transceivers 550 located in a plurality of rack assemblies 530. As shown, the optical switch fabric 600B includes a super-spine switch layer 690 (e.g., a spine switch, a shaft optical transceiver, etc.), a cascaded power separation layer, and a plurality of spoke optical transceivers 550.

[0100] The super backbone switching layer (eg, switches, axis optical transceivers, etc.) is configured to receive a wavelength spectrum (eg, a full wavelength spectrum) that delivers a total bandwidth for data delivery, wherein the full wavelength spectrum has a total power.

[0101] The optical switch fabric 600B includes a cascaded power splitting layer configured to output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra, wherein each replicated wavelength spectrum has a corresponding power as a fraction of the total power received from the super backbone switch layer. In one embodiment, the cascaded power splitting layer includes a plurality of power splitters configured in one or more cascaded layers, wherein each power splitter operates as a passive device and is configured to replicate the received wavelength spectrum at a reduced power.

[0102] The first cascade stage 631 includes a power splitter 460P configured as a one-to-four (1*4) power splitter. That is, the full wavelength spectrum is divided into four replicated wavelength spectrums. For example, the power splitter 460P provides outputs through four channels, each of which carries a replicated wavelength spectrum. Each replicated wavelength spectrum provided as an output from the power splitter 460P has a corresponding power as a portion of the total power received from the super backbone switching layer, as previously described.

[0103] The second cascade stage 632 of the power splitter includes four power splitters, each of which is configured as a one-to-four (1*4) power splitter. For example, the second cascade stage 632 includes power splitters 460R, 460S, 460T, and 460U, each of which is coupled to the power splitter 460P in the first cascade stage 631. Each power splitter is coupled to a top-of-rack switch in a corresponding row of rack components.

[0104] For example, the power splitter 460R receives the wavelength spectrum from the power splitter 460P through the corresponding channels, and further provides the additional wavelength spectrum with less power to each of the top-of-rack switches 550A, 550B, 550C, and 550D in the first row of rack components 551 through four corresponding channels. In addition, the power splitter 460S receives the wavelength spectrum from the power splitter 460P through the corresponding channels, and further provides the additional wavelength spectrum with less power to each of the top-of-rack switches 550E, 550F, 550G, and 550H in the second row of rack components 552 through four corresponding channels. In addition, the power splitter 460T receives the wavelength spectrum from the power splitter 460P through the corresponding channels, and further provides the additional wavelength spectrum with less power to each of the top-of-rack switches 550I, 550J, 550K, and 550L in the third row of rack components 553 through four corresponding channels. In addition, the power splitter 460U receives the wavelength spectrum from the power splitter 460P through corresponding channels and further provides additional wavelength spectrum with smaller power to each of the top-of-rack switches 550M, 550N, 550O and 550P in the fourth row of rack components 554 through four corresponding channels.

[0105] As previously described, each of the plurality of spoke transceivers 530 (eg, top-of-rack switches) is configured to receive a corresponding one of a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra, wherein each spoke transceiver is tunable to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of each spoke transceiver. Figure 6B As shown, a plurality of top-of-rack switches 530 are coupled to the cascaded power separation layer. As previously described, each top-of-rack switch receives a replicated wavelength spectrum and can be further tuned to select a wavelength band that sets the bandwidth of the corresponding top-of-rack switch. This is achieved by using a corresponding coherent optical receiver at each top-of-rack switch, the coherent optical receiver being configured to separate the replicated wavelength spectrum into selectable wavelength bands that define the bandwidth of the corresponding top-of-rack switch.

[0106] like Figure 6B As shown, an optical data center switch fabric can be implemented using repeatable steps. Specifically, the physical connectivity of each rack component remains the same, such as power hookups and optical cables used to connect to the optical data center switch fabric. Therefore, the provisioned bandwidth can be dynamically tuned to accommodate each rack type as each rack type is added to the optical data center fabric. This will simplify the data center architecture and simplify the physical provisioning and cabling process, with a reduced number of optical connections required.

[0107] In one embodiment, the first cascade stage 631 and the second cascade stage 632 of one or more power splitters may be located within an overhead or under-floor cable tray 620. Fiber optic cables coupling the two cascade stages 631 and 632 to the top-of-rack switches in each of the rack component rows 551 to 554 may be routed through the cable tray 620. In particular, a consistent fiber optic cable drop may be provided for each rack component in the rack component rows 551 to 554 at the time of installation. As previously described, control of each rack component provides dynamic tuning of the bandwidth received at each corresponding rack component, such that each rack component may be dynamically configured to receive a selectable bandwidth at any point in time.

[0108] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a switch fabric of a data center according to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the switch fabric being configured to perform switching at a host / server rack layer. The optical data center switch fabric uses point-to-multipoint optics to communicatively couple a super-backbone switch layer directly to a plurality of spoke optical transceivers located in a plurality of rack assemblies. In particular, data delivery is illustrated at rack assembly 700, where instead of providing a coherent receiver at a top-of-rack switch of a corresponding rack assembly, the coherent receiver may be moved further down the distribution stack from the switch fabric providing data to the rack assembly to a host / server generating traffic within one or more rack assemblies. As bandwidth demands become greater and low latency paths become more important, a reduction in the number of steps between endpoints in a network may provide higher bandwidth to endpoints (e.g., hosts and / or servers).

[0109] For example, the top-of-rack switch 550' (eg, spoke optical transceiver) may be optically configured with a coherent receiver, as previously described. However, the operations performed by the coherent receiver may be further pushed to each compute node of the rack assembly, as will be further described below.

[0110] In particular, the top-of-rack switch 550' can be configured to receive a replicated wavelength spectrum from a power splitter. As previously described, the axis optical transceiver is configured to receive a wavelength spectrum (e.g., a full wavelength spectrum) that delivers a total bandwidth for data delivery, wherein the full wavelength spectrum has a total power. The cascaded power splitting layer includes one or more power splitters that are each configured to output a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum, wherein each replicated wavelength spectrum has a corresponding power that is a portion of the total power associated with the full wavelength spectrum provided by the axis optical transceiver. For example, a power splitter can be configured to replicate a wavelength spectrum and provide multiple replicated wavelength spectrums.

[0111] As shown, the top-of-rack switch 550' can provide an output to another power splitter 460X through port 0, which can be configured as a one-to-eight (1*8) power splitter. The power splitter 460X provides a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum as an output to each of the eight servers and / or computing nodes (e.g., server 0 to server 7) in group 701 through corresponding channels 711A, 711B, ..., and 711H. In addition, the top-of-rack switch 550' can provide an output to another power splitter 460Y through port 1, which can be configured as a one-to-eight (1*8) power splitter. The power splitter 460Y provides a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum as an output to each of the eight servers (e.g., server 0 to server 7) in group 702 through corresponding channels 712A, 712B, ..., and 712H. In addition, the top-of-rack switch 550' can provide an output to another power splitter 460Z through port 2, which can be configured as a one-to-eight (1*8) power splitter. The power splitter 460Z provides a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum as an output to each of the eight servers (e.g., server 0 to server 7) in the group 703 through corresponding channels 713A, 713B, ..., and 713H. Ports 3 to 7 of the top-of-rack switch 550' can be similarly configured to provide outputs of corresponding replicated wavelength spectrums to another group of eight servers (not shown).

[0112] In addition, each server may be configured with a corresponding coherent transceiver. Thus, the coherent transceiver of the server coupled to the power splitter may be configured to receive the replicated wavelength spectrum. In addition, the coherent receiver may be tuned to select a corresponding wavelength band from the replicated wavelength spectrum that sets the bandwidth of the coherent transceiver and the corresponding server accordingly. That is, the coherent receiver of the server is configured to divide the replicated wavelength spectrum into selectable wavelength bands that define the bandwidth of the corresponding server.

[0113] Thus, the present disclosure describes an optical data center fabric (ODCF) and / or topology that delivers the advantages of a full Internet Protocol (IP) multi-stage switching network and also provides fast paths between edge and leaf nodes of a data center delivered using flexible optical technologies.

[0114] It should be understood that the various features disclosed herein can be used to combine or assemble the various embodiments defined herein into specific implementations. Therefore, the examples provided are only some possible examples and are not limited to various embodiments that can define more embodiments by combining various elements. In some examples, some embodiments may include fewer elements without departing from the spirit of the disclosed or equivalent embodiments.

[0115] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced with various computer system configurations including handheld devices, microprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, minicomputers, mainframe computers, etc. Embodiments of the present disclosure may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices over wired or wireless network links.

[0116] In view of the above embodiments, it should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure may employ various computer-implemented operations involving data stored in a computer system. These operations are those operations that require physical manipulation of physical quantities. Any operation described herein that forms a part of the embodiments of the present disclosure is a useful machine operation. The embodiments of the present disclosure also relate to equipment or devices for performing these operations. The device may be specially constructed for the desired purpose, or the device may be a general-purpose computer selectively activated or configured by a computer program stored in a computer. In particular, various general-purpose machines may be used together with computer programs written according to the teachings of this article, or it may be more convenient to construct more specialized equipment to perform the desired operations.

[0117] The present disclosure may also be implemented as computer-readable code on a computer-readable medium. A computer-readable medium is any data storage device that can store data, which can then be read by a computer system. Examples of computer-readable media include hard drives, network attached storage devices (NAS), read-only memories, random access memories, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, magnetic tapes, and other optical and non-optical data storage devices. A computer-readable medium may include a computer-readable tangible medium distributed on a network-coupled computer system so that the computer-readable code is stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0118] Although the method operations are described in a particular order, it should be understood that other housekeeping operations may be performed between the operations, or the operations may be coordinated so that they occur at slightly different times, or may be distributed in a system that allows the processing operations to occur at various intervals associated with the processing, so long as the processing covering the operations is performed in the desired manner.

[0119] Although the foregoing disclosure has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention are to be considered as illustrative rather than restrictive, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An optical communication system, comprising: a controller configured to tune each of a plurality of transceivers to select a corresponding wavelength band from a wavelength spectrum, wherein the wavelength spectrum includes a plurality of subcarriers, wherein each of the plurality of subcarriers includes a corresponding and unique wavelength band obtained from the wavelength spectrum, wherein the plurality of radiation transceivers are coupled to a first power splitter that receives the wavelength spectrum, wherein the power splitter is configured to generate a plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums, wherein each of the plurality of radiation transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums at a first power, The first power splitter located at the first power splitting stage receives the wavelength spectrum from the second power splitter located at the second power splitting stage at a second power, wherein the second power is greater than the first power. 2 . The optical communication system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to tune the each of the plurality of radiation transceivers to select a corresponding wavelength band from the corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums.

3. The optical communication system of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of radiation transceivers comprises: a coherent receiver coupled to the controller, Wherein the coherent receiver is tunable by the controller to select the corresponding wavelength band from the corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra.

4. An optical communication system according to claim 1, wherein the replicated wavelength spectrum received by the radiation transceiver has a power that is a fraction of the total power of the wavelength spectrum received from the axis optical transceiver, and the axis optical transceiver is configured to provide the wavelength spectrum to the power splitters in the first power splitting stage and the second power splitting stage. 5 . The optical communication system of claim 1 , wherein the first power splitter divides the second power of the wavelength spectrum received from the second power splitter uniformly or non-uniformly within the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums.

6. An optical communication system comprising: an axis optical transceiver configured to receive a wavelength spectrum at a total power, wherein the wavelength spectrum includes a plurality of subcarriers, wherein each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers includes a corresponding and unique wavelength band obtained from the wavelength spectrum; a power splitter optically coupled to the axis optical transceiver and configured to receive the wavelength spectrum at the total power, wherein the power splitter is configured to generate one or more replicated wavelength spectra at a reduced power; a radiating transceiver coupled to the power splitter and disposed within a rack assembly serving a plurality of servers, wherein the radiating transceiver is configured to receive the replicated wavelength spectrum at a power that is a fraction of the total power; as well as A control system is coupled to the radiation transceiver, wherein the control system is configured to tune the radiation transceiver to select a wavelength band from the replicated wavelength spectrum.

7. The optical communication system according to claim 6, further comprising: a coherent receiver in the network interface of the radio transceiver, wherein the coherent receiver is coupled to the control system, Wherein the coherent receiver is tunable by the control system to select the wavelength band from the replicated wavelength spectrum.

8. The optical communication system of claim 7, wherein the coherent receiver is a hot-swappable device.

9. The optical communication system of claim 6, wherein the replicated wavelength spectrum received by the beam transceiver has a power that is the fraction of the total power of the wavelength spectrum received from the axis optical transceiver.

10. The optical communication system according to claim 9, further comprising: An amplifier is coupled between the transceiver and the power splitter and is configured to generate power of the replicated wavelength spectrum.

11. The optical communication system of claim 6, wherein one or more of the axis optical transceiver, the power splitter, and the spoke transceiver is a quad small form factor pluggable (QSFP) device.

12. The optical communication system according to claim 6, further comprising: a plurality of radial transceivers coupled to the power separator and the control system, the plurality of radial transceivers being disposed in a plurality of rack assemblies, each of the plurality of rack assemblies serving a corresponding plurality of servers, wherein each of the plurality of radio transceivers is configured to receive a corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum from the one or more replicated wavelength spectrums generated by the power splitter, The control system is configured to tune each of the plurality of radiation transceivers to select a corresponding wavelength band from the corresponding replicated wavelength spectrum.

13. An optical communication system, comprising: an axis optical transceiver configured to receive a wavelength spectrum at a total power, wherein the wavelength spectrum includes a plurality of subcarriers, wherein each subcarrier of the plurality of subcarriers includes a corresponding and unique wavelength band obtained from the wavelength spectrum; a power splitting layer comprising a plurality of power splitters optically coupled to the axis optical transceiver and configured to output a plurality of replicated wavelength spectra; a plurality of radiation transceivers coupled to the power separator layer, each of the plurality of radiation transceivers configured to receive a corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra at a corresponding power as a fraction of the total power; as well as A control system is coupled to the plurality of radiation transceivers, wherein the control system is configured to tune each of the plurality of radiation transceivers to select a corresponding wavelength band from the corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums.

14. The optical communication system of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of power splitters is configured to replicate a wavelength spectrum received at a reduced power.

15. The optical communication system of claim 13, wherein the power separation layer is configured in one or more cascaded layers, the one or more cascaded layers comprising: a first power splitter coupled to the axis optical transceiver and configured to replicate the wavelength spectrum and output a plurality of first replicated wavelength spectra; as well as A second power splitter is coupled to the first power splitter and is configured to replicate the plurality of first replicated wavelength spectra and output a plurality of second replicated wavelength spectra.

16. The optical communication system of claim 13, wherein each of the plurality of radiation transceivers comprises: a coherent receiver coupled to a network interface of the control system, Wherein the coherent receiver is tunable by the control system to select the corresponding wavelength band from the corresponding one of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectra.

17. The optical communication system of claim 16, wherein the coherent receiver is a hot-swappable device.

18. The optical communication system according to claim 13, Wherein each replicated wavelength spectrum of the plurality of replicated wavelength spectrums has a corresponding power that is the fraction of the total power of the wavelength spectrum received from the axis optical transceiver.

19. The optical communication system of claim 13, further comprising: An amplifier is coupled between the radiation transceiver and the power separator of the power separation layer and is configured to generate power of the replicated wavelength spectrum received by the radiation transceiver.

20. The optical communication system of claim 13, wherein one or more of the axis optical transceiver, the plurality of power splitters, and the plurality of spoke transceivers are quad small form factor pluggable (QSFP) devices.

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