Adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator and undulator

Abstract

This disclosure provides an adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator and undulator, applicable to the field of synchrotron radiation technology. It overcomes the significant drawback of low photon flux in the circular polarization mode of traditional Apple Knot undulators, improving the overall performance of the undulator device. The adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator includes: an electron beam vacuum chamber for transmitting the electron beam, enabling the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the influence of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment; and multiple sets of permanent magnet structures respectively arranged in the four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system centered on the vacuum chamber. Each set of permanent magnet structures includes a tilted magnetized magnetic block unit and an additional magnetized magnetic block unit. When an electron beam is injected into the vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state. Simultaneously, the additional magnetized magnetic block unit, in conjunction with the tilted magnetized magnetic block unit, adjusts the transverse velocity of the electron beam, causing the velocity direction of the electron beam to move away from the central axis of the undulator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of synchrotron radiation technology, and more specifically to an adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator and undulator. Background Technology

[0002] Synchrotron radiation storage rings, as a type of accelerator, are used to generate synchrotron radiation. An electron beam within a bent iron travels at a relativistic speed close to the speed of light, with acceleration directed towards the center of the ring and perpendicular to the velocity direction, thus generating synchrotron radiation along the tangential direction of motion. However, because the synchrotron radiation output from the bent iron has a broad spectral line and the beam cannot be concentrated within a small angle, existing technologies typically employ undulators to generate synchrotron radiation, allowing for higher performance requirements.

[0003] In the process of realizing the above-mentioned inventive concept, the inventors discovered that in the related technology, when the field strength is at its highest in the horizontal or vertical linear polarization state of the undulator, the velocity direction of the electron beam is consistent with the direction of the central axis, which causes the radiant heat to be concentrated near the central axis, resulting in a significant thermal load effect. The optical elements are unable to withstand high radiant heat, and the photon flux and polarization degree are low in the circular polarization mode. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, this disclosure provides an adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator and an undulator.

[0005] According to a first aspect of this disclosure, a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization is provided, comprising: an electron beam vacuum chamber for transmitting an electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment; and multiple sets of permanent magnet structures respectively disposed in the four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, each set of permanent magnet structures including tilted magnetized magnetic block units and additional magnetized magnetic block units, the tilted magnetized magnetic block units and the additional magnetized magnetic block units being arranged alternately; wherein, when an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized magnetic block units causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation of a predetermined polarization state, and simultaneously, in conjunction with the additional magnetized magnetic block units, adjusts the transverse velocity of the electron beam so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator.

[0006] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the additional magnetization block unit includes multiple additional magnetic field blocks, which include multiple additional magnetic field blocks in the vertical magnetization direction and multiple additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction. When an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction, combined with the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field blocks in the vertical magnetization direction, jointly causes the velocity direction of the electron beam to move away from the central axis of the tilted magnetization undulator.

[0007] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilted magnetized block unit includes a plurality of tilted magnetized blocks, each tilted magnetized block including a main magnetic field block and an auxiliary magnetic field block; the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block is obtained by superimposing the magnetization direction of the main magnetic field block and the magnetization direction of the auxiliary magnetic field block, thereby generating a magnetic field tilted relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field block, so that when an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state.

[0008] According to embodiments of this disclosure, in any set of permanent magnet structures, the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field blocks to the total number of auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field blocks to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 3:2.

[0009] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the multiple permanent magnet structures include a first permanent magnet structure located in the fourth quadrant, a second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant, a third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant, and a fourth permanent magnet structure located in the third quadrant. The magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first and third permanent magnet structures are opposite horizontally, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second and fourth permanent magnet structures are also opposite horizontally. This causes the multiple integral fields generated by the multiple permanent magnet structures to cancel each other out, and the first integral of the tilted magnetizing undulator is 0. The direction of motion of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetizing undulator remains consistent with the initial state, wherein the initial state characterizes the motion state of the electron beam before passing through the tilted magnetizing undulator.

[0010] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilted magnetized undulator further includes a movable connection structure for adjusting the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction, so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state, while making the velocity direction of the electron beam move away from the central axis, thereby reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator; wherein, by adjusting the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction, the strength of the magnetic field and the magnitude of the resonant photon energy are adjusted, and by adjusting the phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction, the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation light is adjusted.

[0011] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the range of the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17mm to 180mm, and the range of the phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction is -168mm to 168mm.

[0012] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilt angle of the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block unit ranges from 0° to 30°.

[0013] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the additional magnetic field block are both 3mm to 40mm, and the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the tilted magnetized block are both 20mm to 60mm.

[0014] A second aspect of this disclosure provides an oscillator comprising: a plurality of adjustable polarization tilt magnetized oscillators as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9

[0015] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator may include an electron beam vacuum chamber and multiple sets of permanent magnet structures. The multiple sets of permanent magnet structures are respectively arranged in the four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center. Each quadrant includes a permanent magnet structure with the same structure. When an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the combined magnetic field generated by the tilt magnetization block unit in the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator causes the electron beam to move in a spiral motion in the vacuum electron beam vacuum chamber and emit synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state. At the same time, the magnetization direction of the magnetic blocks at both ends of the permanent magnet structure located in the four quadrants can cancel the integrated field in the tilt magnetization undulator, so as to achieve the effect of good directionality of the electron beam when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber.

[0016] According to embodiments of this disclosure, further, by combining tilted magnetized block units and additional magnetized block units, and adjusting the relevant structural parameters between the tilted magnetized block units and additional magnetized block units, namely the gap and phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures, the magnitude of the magnetic field strength and the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation can be changed, and the transverse velocity of the electron beam can be adjusted so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis and achieving the effect of reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator. At the same time, under the specific structure of this adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator, the photon flux and polarization degree of the emitted circularly polarized synchrotron radiation can be increased, resulting in higher quality circularly polarized synchrotron radiation.

[0017] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the mechanical structure of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetizer, which is composed of tilt magnetization block units of different heights and additional magnetization block units arranged alternately, is relatively simple. This can simplify the control and use process of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetizer, reduce the manufacturing difficulty and lower the cost, and has high application value. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The foregoing contents, as well as other objects, features, and advantages of this disclosure, will become clearer from the following description of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0019] Figure 1The schematic diagram illustrates a structure of a tilt magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization of two cycles according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the operating coordinate system of an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0021] Figure 2b The schematic diagram illustrates the positional distribution of multiple permanent magnet structures in an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3a The schematic diagram illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the first permanent magnet structure of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 3b The schematic diagram illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the second permanent magnet structure of the adjustable polarization tilting magnetizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 3c The schematic diagram illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the third permanent magnet structure of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] Figure 3d The schematic diagram illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the fourth permanent magnet structure of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] Figure 4a A schematic diagram illustrating the magnetic field distribution of a horizontally linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0027] Figure 4b A schematic diagram illustrating the magnetic field distribution of a vertically linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0028] Figure 4c A schematic diagram illustrating the magnetic field distribution of a circularly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0029] Figure 5a The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of horizontal linear polarization.

[0030] Figure 5b The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of vertical linear polarization.

[0031] Figure 5c The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of circular polarization.

[0032] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output in different polarization modes according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy of photons output in different polarization modes according to embodiments of the present disclosure and the absolute value of the degree of polarization;

[0034] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and power of photons output in different polarization modes according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 9a A schematic diagram illustrating the power density distribution of a horizontally linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0036] Figure 9b A schematic diagram illustrating the power density distribution of a vertically linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0037] Figure 9c A schematic diagram illustrating the power density distribution of a circularly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts of the present disclosure.

[0039] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0040] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0041] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0042] In the technical solution of this invention, the user information (including but not limited to user personal information, user image information, user device information, such as location information) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, and application of related data all comply with relevant laws, regulations, and standards, take necessary confidentiality measures, do not violate public order and good morals, and provide corresponding operation entry points for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0043] According to embodiments of this disclosure, since the performance of synchrotron radiation output from bent irons is poor, the synchrotron radiation is extracted by a oscillator or a waver. A waver consists of multiple sets of short-period diode magnets arranged periodically with alternating polarities. Compared to bent iron radiation, waver radiation has a narrower spectrum, and the radiation beam is concentrated within a very small angle. Wavers are used as core components for generating synchrotron radiation in synchrotron radiation storage rings and free-electron laser devices.

[0044] According to embodiments of this disclosure, tunable polarization synchrotron radiation is an important distinguishing feature of synchrotron radiation sources compared to other light sources. However, for horizontally or vertically linearly polarized radiation, most of the radiant heat accumulates near the central axis, resulting in a significant heat load effect. In particular, when generating low-energy linearly polarized radiation from medium- and high-energy flux radiation sources, optical components can hardly withstand such high radiant heat.

[0045] In the process of realizing this application, it was discovered that an APPE KNOT undulator with two sets of APPE II magnetic arrays with a period ratio of 2:3 is used on the basis of the APPE II undulator. There are a total of eight rows of permanent magnet structures. The inner four rows of APPE II are used to generate the main APPE magnetic field, and the outer four rows of permanent magnet structures are used to generate the additional KNOT field. The period length ratio of the main magnetic field to the additional field is 2:3, which can realize polarized light in any direction and maintain a low on-axis thermal load. However, the mechanical structure of this undulator is still relatively complex, and the vertical field strength under vertical linear polarization is still low, and the on-axis thermal load suppression effect is relatively weak. Furthermore, the eight rows of permanent magnet structures in the APPE KNOT undulator are combined in pairs to form a four-row APPE KNOT undulator with tilted magnetized blocks, thereby realizing polarized light in any direction and maintaining a low on-axis thermal load.

[0046] However, the inventors still discovered that, because the period length of the main field is shorter than that of the auxiliary field, existing undulators cannot generate circularly polarized synchrotron radiation with high photon flux, thus failing to meet current high requirements for optical components. During the process of realizing the above-mentioned inventive concept, research revealed that in the horizontal or vertical linear polarization state of the undulator, when the field strength is highest, the electron beam velocity direction is consistent with the central axis direction, causing radiant heat to concentrate near the central axis, resulting in a significant thermal load effect. This leads to technical problems such as the optical components being unable to withstand high radiant heat and low photon flux and polarization degree in the circular polarization mode.

[0047] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an adjustable polarization tilted magnetization undulator, comprising: an electron beam vacuum chamber for transmitting an electron beam, so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment; multiple sets of permanent magnet structures, respectively arranged in the four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center, each set of permanent magnet structures including tilted magnetization block units and additional magnetization block units, the tilted magnetization block units and additional magnetization block units being arranged alternately; wherein, when an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetization block units causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, and at the same time, in conjunction with the additional magnetization block units, the transverse velocity of the electron beam is adjusted so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetization undulator.

[0048] The following will be through Figures 1-9c A detailed description is given of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization oscillator according to the disclosed embodiments.

[0049] According to embodiments of this disclosure, an adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator may include an electron beam vacuum chamber and multiple permanent magnet structures.

[0050] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an electron beam vacuum chamber can be used to transmit an electron beam so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment.

[0051] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the combined magnetic field generated by an adjustable polarization tilting magnetizer can cause the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state, wherein the predetermined polarization state may include a horizontal linear polarization state, a vertical linear polarization state, and a circular polarization state.

[0052] According to embodiments of this disclosure, multiple sets of permanent magnet structures can be respectively arranged in the four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center. Each set of permanent magnet structures includes tilted magnetized magnetic block units and additional magnetized magnetic block units, which are arranged alternately.

[0053] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the multiple permanent magnet structures may include four permanent magnet structures, each located in one of the four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system centered on the electron beam vacuum chamber. The tilted magnetized block units and additional magnetized block units within each permanent magnet structure have different heights. The ratio of the number of magnets in the tilted magnetized block units to the number of magnets in the additional magnetized block units within each permanent magnet structure is 2:1.

[0054] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when an electron beam is injected into an electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized block unit causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, especially circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light with high photon flux and high polarization degree. Simultaneously, the additional magnetized block unit enhances the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light and adjusts the transverse velocity of the electron beam. That is, the transverse velocity of the electron beam can always be non-zero, so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis and achieving the effect of reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator. Furthermore, the tilted magnetized block unit and the additional magnetized block unit can include multiple magnetic blocks. By adjusting the magnetization directions of the relevant magnetic blocks within the permanent magnet structure located in the four quadrants, the integrated field within the tilted magnetized undulator cancels out, ensuring good directionality of the electron beam when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber. That is, the direction of motion of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetized undulator remains consistent with its initial state.

[0055] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator may include an electron beam vacuum chamber and multiple sets of permanent magnet structures. The multiple sets of permanent magnet structures are respectively arranged in the four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center. Each quadrant includes a permanent magnet structure with the same structure. When an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the combined magnetic field generated by the tilt magnetization block unit in the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator causes the electron beam to move in a spiral motion in the vacuum electron beam vacuum chamber and emit synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state, as well as output circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light with high photon flux and high polarization degree. At the same time, the magnetization direction of the magnetic blocks at both ends of the permanent magnet structure located in the four quadrants can cancel the integrated field in the tilt magnetization undulator, so as to achieve the effect of good directionality of the electron beam when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber.

[0056] According to embodiments of this disclosure, further, by combining tilted magnetized block units and additional magnetized block units, and adjusting the relevant structural parameters between the tilted magnetized block units and additional magnetized block units, namely the gap and phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures, the magnitude of the magnetic field strength and the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation can be changed, and the transverse velocity of the electron beam can be adjusted so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis and achieving the effect of reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator. At the same time, under the specific structure of this adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator, the photon flux and polarization degree of the emitted circularly polarized synchrotron radiation can be increased, resulting in higher quality circularly polarized synchrotron radiation.

[0057] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the mechanical structure of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetizer, which is composed of tilt magnetization block units of different heights and additional magnetization block units arranged alternately, is relatively simple. This can simplify the control and use process of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetizer, reduce the manufacturing difficulty and lower the cost, and has high application value.

[0058] Figure 1 The schematic diagram illustrates a structure of a tilted magnetized oscillator with adjustable polarization of two cycles according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1The diagram illustrates the structure of two sets of adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulators. Each set of adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulators may include an electron beam vacuum chamber 102 and multiple sets of permanent magnet structures. The multiple sets of permanent magnet structures may include each permanent magnet structure (Array1, Array2, Array3, and Array4) located in one of the four quadrants of a Cartesian coordinate system centered on the electron beam vacuum chamber. Each permanent magnet structure includes a tilt magnetized magnetic block unit 1011 and an additional magnetized magnetic block unit 1012. When an electron beam 103 is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber 102, the magnetic field generated by the tilt magnetized magnetic block unit 1011 causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, simultaneously combined with the additional magnetized magnetic block... Unit 1012 together increase the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation and adjust the transverse velocity of the electron beam so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis 104 of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis 104 and achieving the effect of reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator. At the same time, the tilted magnetized block unit 1011 and the additional magnetized block unit 1012 can include multiple blocks. By adjusting the magnetization direction of the relevant blocks in the permanent magnet structure located in the four quadrants, the integrated field in the tilted magnetized undulator is canceled, thereby achieving the effect of good directionality of the electron beam when passing through the electron beam vacuum chamber. The lowest photon energy output by the tilted magnetized undulator can be about 5~6 eV.

[0060] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the electron beam axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, i.e., the central axis, is the z-axis, and its positive direction can be the direction of electron beam propagation, or the longitudinal direction; the y-axis is perpendicular to the permanent magnet structure of the tilted magnetized undulator, and its positive direction can point to the upper surface of the permanent magnet structure located in the first and second quadrants; the x-axis is parallel to the permanent magnet structure in the first and second quadrants of the tilted magnetized undulator, and its positive direction can be defined by a right-handed coordinate system.

[0061] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the multiple permanent magnet structures include a first permanent magnet structure located in the fourth quadrant, a second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant, a third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant, and a fourth permanent magnet structure located in the third quadrant.

[0062] Figure 2a A schematic diagram of the operating coordinate system of an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 2b The schematic diagram illustrates the positional distribution of multiple permanent magnet structures in an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0063] like Figures 2a-2b As shown, Figures 2a-2bThe working coordinate system of the adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator and the positional distribution of multiple permanent magnet structures are shown. The central axis of the tilt magnetized undulator, i.e. the beam axis of the electron beam, is taken as the z-axis. The second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant and the third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant are taken as the y-axis. The second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant and the third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant are taken as the x-axis. The first permanent magnet structure is located in the fourth quadrant, the second permanent magnet structure is located in the first quadrant, the third permanent magnet structure is located in the second quadrant, and the fourth permanent magnet structure is located in the third quadrant.

[0064] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the additional magnetization block unit may include a plurality of additional magnetic field blocks, which include a plurality of additional magnetic field blocks in the vertical magnetization direction and a plurality of additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction.

[0065] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, additional magnetic field blocks perpendicular to the magnetization direction are disposed on both sides of the tilted magnetization block unit. The additional magnetic field blocks perpendicular to the magnetization direction include additional magnetic field blocks with a magnetization direction of 0° and additional magnetic field blocks with a magnetization direction of 180°.

[0066] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, an additional magnetic field block in the horizontal magnetization direction is disposed on both sides of an additional magnetic block in the vertical magnetization direction. The additional magnetic field block in the horizontal magnetization direction includes an additional magnetic field block with a magnetization direction of 90° and an additional magnetic field block with a magnetization direction of -90°.

[0067] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field block in the horizontal magnetization direction, combined with the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field block in the vertical magnetization direction, jointly causes the velocity direction of the electron beam to move away from the central axis of the tilted magnetizing undulator.

[0068] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the magnetic blocks at both ends of each permanent magnet structure of a tilting magnetized undulator are additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction, and the magnetization directions of the additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction at both ends can be the same.

[0069] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the dimensions of the supplementary magnetic field block in both the horizontal (x-direction) and vertical (y-direction) directions are 3mm to 40mm. The dimensions in the z-direction are not limited. Preferably, the horizontal dimension of the supplementary magnetic field block is 50mm, the vertical dimension is 5mm, and the z-direction dimension is 14mm. For example, as... Figure 1 As shown, the size of the magnetic block for the additional magnetic field can be 50mm(x)×5mm(y)×14mm(z).

[0070] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the additional magnetization block unit includes multiple additional magnetic field blocks, which include multiple additional magnetic field blocks in the vertical magnetization direction and multiple additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction. The additional magnetic field blocks in the vertical magnetization direction are disposed on both sides of the tilted magnetization block unit, and the additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction are disposed on both sides of the additional magnetic field blocks in the vertical magnetization direction. When an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the vertical magnetic field can provide horizontal acceleration for the electron beam, and the horizontal magnetic field can provide vertical acceleration for the electron beam. This achieves the simultaneous combination of the horizontal and vertical magnetic fields, allowing the velocity direction of the electron beam to move away from the central axis of the tilted magnetization undulator, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis, lowering the thermal load of the tilted magnetization undulator, and preventing damage to the optical components.

[0071] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a tilted magnetized block unit may include a plurality of tilted magnetized blocks, each tilted magnetized block including a main magnetic field block and an auxiliary magnetic field block.

[0072] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the tilted magnetized magnetic block is obtained by merging the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block. That is, the main magnetic field block located on the inner side and the auxiliary magnetic field block located on the outer side are merged in pairs to form the tilted magnetized magnetic block, so as to achieve the effect of superimposing the main magnetic field and the auxiliary magnetic field of different periods to form a variety of composite magnetic fields.

[0073] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the strength of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field block is much greater than the strength of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field block. The main magnetic field block can be a block in the APPLE magnetic array, and the main magnetic field can be the APPLE main magnetic field. The auxiliary magnetic field block can be a block in the KNOT magnetic array, and the auxiliary magnetic field can be the KNOT auxiliary magnetic field.

[0074] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block is obtained by superimposing the magnetization direction of the main magnetic field block and the magnetization direction of the auxiliary magnetic field block, thereby generating a magnetic field tilted relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field block. When an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state. The magnetization direction of the main magnetic field block may include a horizontal magnetization direction and a vertical magnetization direction.

[0075] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilt angle of the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block unit obtained by merging the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block is in the range of 0° to 30°.

[0076] For example, with clockwise as positive and counterclockwise as negative, and the positive perpendicular direction as 0° and the negative perpendicular direction as 180°, the magnetization direction of each magnetic block in the four rows of permanent magnet structures is as follows: The magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the first permanent magnet structure can be: -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -101°, -180°, 90°, 90°, 0°, -79°, -169°, -169°, 101°, 101°, 11°, 11°, -79°, 0°, -90°. °; The magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the second permanent magnet structure can be: -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101°, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°, 90°, 180°, 101°, -169°, -169°, -79°, -79°, 11°, 11°, 101°, 180°, -90°; The magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the third permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 180°, 101°, -169°, -169°, -79°, -79°, 11°, 11°, 101°, 180°, -90°, -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101°, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°; The magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the fourth permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 0°, -79°, -169°, -169°, 101°, 101°, 11°, 11°, -79°, 0°, -90°, -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -101°, 180°, 90°, where magnetization directions of 0° and 180° correspond to the additional magnetic field blocks with horizontal magnetization directions, and magnetization directions of 90° and -90° correspond to the additional magnetic field blocks with vertical magnetization directions. Magnetization directions other than 0°, 180°, 90°, and -90° correspond to the magnetization directions of the tilted magnetized blocks obtained by superimposing the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field blocks and the additional magnetic field blocks.

[0077] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the tilted magnetized block are both 20mm to 60mm, and the z-direction dimension is not limited. Preferably, the horizontal dimension and vertical dimension of the tilted magnetized block are both 50mm, and the z-direction dimension is 14mm. For example, as... Figure 1 As shown, the size of the main magnetic field block can be 50mm(x)×50mm(y)×14mm(z).

[0078] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilt angle of the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block is small and the size of the tilted magnetized block is large, while the size of the auxiliary magnetic field block is small. The size difference between the tilted magnetized block and the auxiliary magnetic field block is significant. The horizontal size ratio between the tilted magnetized block and the auxiliary magnetic field block can reach 10:1, and the vertical size ratio to the longitudinal size ratio can be 1:1. By adjusting the size and magnetization direction of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block, the ratio of the magnetic field strength of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field (the vertical magnetic field and the horizontal magnetic field) generated by the auxiliary magnetic field block can be changed, as can the ratio of the period lengths of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block.

[0079] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilted magnetized block unit may include multiple tilted magnetized blocks, each of which includes a main magnetic field block and an auxiliary magnetic field block. By superimposing the magnetization direction of the main magnetic field block and the magnetization direction of the auxiliary magnetic field block, the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block can be obtained, thereby generating a magnetic field tilted relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field block. When an electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of the composite magnetic field formed by the main magnetic field and the auxiliary magnetic field, realizing the output of high-quality synchrotron radiation light from the electron beam. Furthermore, by adjusting the relevant structural parameters of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the tilted magnetized block unit, the magnetic field strength of the composite magnetic field can be changed, thereby changing the magnitude of the magnetic field strength and the energy of the resonant photons of the emitted synchrotron radiation light.

[0080] Figure 3a The diagram schematically illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the first permanent magnet structure of an adjustable polarization tilting magnetizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3b The diagram schematically illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the second permanent magnet structure of an adjustable polarization tilting magnetizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3c The diagram illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the third permanent magnet structure of the adjustable polarization tilting magnetizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3d The diagram schematically illustrates the magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the fourth permanent magnet structure of the adjustable polarization tilting magnetizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0081] like Figures 3a-3d As shown, Figures 3a-3dThe magnetization directions of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block in the four permanent magnet structures are shown. As shown in the diagram, before merging, there are 13 additional magnetic field blocks (blocks in the KNOT oscillator) and 10 main magnetic field blocks (blocks in the APPLE oscillator). Before merging, the magnetization directions of the blocks in both the additional and main magnetic field blocks are either horizontal or vertical. The size of the blocks at the beginning and end of both the additional and main magnetic field blocks is half that of the blocks at the other ends. After merging all the additional and main magnetic field blocks, a permanent magnet structure is obtained. This permanent magnet structure includes 24 blocks of the same size as the original blocks at the beginning and end. The blocks at the beginning and end of the permanent magnet structure are horizontally magnetized additional magnetic field blocks. The blocks with an inclined orientation are the merged inclined magnetized blocks. The blocks connected to the inclined magnetized blocks are vertically magnetized additional magnetic field blocks. Furthermore, the blocks located outside the vertically magnetized additional magnetic field blocks are horizontally magnetized additional magnetic field blocks. Figures 3a-3d As can be seen, the magnetization directions of the first, second, third, and fourth permanent magnet structures are all obtained by superimposing the magnetization directions of the auxiliary magnetic field blocks and the main magnetic field blocks. Specifically, the magnetization directions of all the blocks in the first permanent magnet structure can be: -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -1... 01°, -180°, 90°, 90°, 0°, -79°, -169°, -169°, 101°, 101°, 11°, 11°, -79°, 0°, -90°; the magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the second permanent magnet structure can be: -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101°, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°, 90°, 180°, 101° The magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the third permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 180°, 101°, -169°, -169°, -79°, -79°, 11°, 11°, 101°, 180°, -90°, -90°, 0°, 79°, 169°, 169°, -101°, -101°, -101°. °, -11°, -11°, 79°, 0°, 90°; the magnetization directions of all magnetic blocks in the fourth permanent magnet structure can be: 90°, 0°, -79°, -169°, -169°, 101°, 101°, 11°, 11°, -79°, 0°, -90°, -90°, 180°, -101°, 169°, 169°, 79°, 79°, -11°, -11°, -101°, 180°, 90°.

[0082] According to embodiments of this disclosure, in any set of permanent magnet structures, the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field blocks to the total number of auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field blocks to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 3:2.

[0083] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field blocks to the total number of auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 2:3, that is, the ratio of the total number of blocks in the Apple undulator to the total number of blocks in the KNOT undulator can be 2:3. The ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field blocks to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 3:2, that is, the ratio of the period length of the Apple main magnetic field to the period length of the KNOT auxiliary magnetic field can be 3:2. For example, as... Figures 3a-3d The ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field block to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field block, before merging, is 3:2. That is, the ratio of the period length of the APPLE main magnetic field to the period length of the KNOT auxiliary magnetic field can be 3:2.

[0084] According to embodiments of this disclosure, before merging the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block, the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field block to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field block is 3:2. To make the period lengths of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block equal before merging, three cycles of auxiliary magnetic field blocks and two cycles of main magnetic field blocks are required before merging. The main magnetic field blocks in each quadrant are placed parallel to each other inside the auxiliary magnetic field blocks. The upper and lower surfaces of the main magnetic field blocks and the auxiliary magnetic field blocks are on the same plane. With the direction of the electron beam, i.e., the direction of the central axis, as the longitudinal direction, the main magnetic field blocks and the auxiliary magnetic field blocks have the same longitudinal length. Then, the main magnetic field blocks at predetermined positions are knocked out so that the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field blocks to the total number of auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field blocks to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 3:2. Then, the remaining main magnetic field blocks after knocking out and the auxiliary magnetic field blocks corresponding to the remaining main magnetic field blocks are merged to obtain the tilted magnetic field. The magnetized block, consisting of tilted magnetized blocks and unmerged auxiliary magnetic field blocks, forms a permanent magnet structure. Each permanent magnet structure can include 24 magnetic blocks with a period length of 336 mm. A tilted magnetized undulator can include 96 magnetic blocks, but the number of magnetic blocks in the permanent magnet structure and the tilted magnetized undulator is not limited to these; only the ratio of the relevant quantities needs to be consistent with the definition in this application. Before merging, the magnetic blocks at the beginning and end of the main magnetic field block and the auxiliary magnetic field block... The longitudinal (z-axis) dimension is half the longitudinal (z-axis) dimension of the magnetic blocks excluding the first and last magnetic blocks. Therefore, after merging, all the magnetic blocks in the permanent magnet structure are also half the longitudinal (z-axis) dimension of the magnetic blocks excluding the first and last magnetic blocks before merging. Before merging, multiple main magnetic field blocks and multiple auxiliary magnetic field blocks take the magnetization direction of their respective first magnetic blocks as the initial direction. By rotating 90 degrees clockwise or counterclockwise, the initial magnetization of other main magnetic field blocks and other auxiliary magnetic field blocks can be completed.

[0085] According to embodiments of this disclosure, by setting the ratio of the total number of main magnetic field blocks to the total number of auxiliary magnetic field blocks to 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field blocks to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field blocks to 3:2, the adjustable polarization tilt magnetizer under this structure can emit synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state in a vacuum electron beam chamber, realizing the output of high-quality synchrotron radiation light from the electron beam. The resonant photon energy, magnetic field strength, and transverse velocity of the output synchrotron radiation light can be changed, so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilt magnetizer, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis and achieving the effect of reducing the thermal load of the tilt magnetizer. At the same time, under the specific structure of this adjustable polarization tilt magnetizer, the photon flux and polarization degree of the emitted circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light can be increased, resulting in higher quality circularly polarized synchrotron radiation light.

[0086] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure are opposite horizontally, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are opposite horizontally, so that the multiple integral fields generated by the multiple permanent magnet structures cancel each other out, the first integral of the tilted magnetizing undulator is 0, and the direction of motion of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetizing undulator is consistent with the initial state, wherein the initial state characterizes the motion state of the electron beam before passing through the tilted magnetizing undulator.

[0087] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite; that is, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the beginning of the first permanent magnet structure and the beginning of the third permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the end of the first permanent magnet structure and the end of the third permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite; that is, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the beginning of the second permanent magnet structure and the beginning of the fourth permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the end of the second permanent magnet structure and the end of the fourth permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite. For example, as... Figures 3a-3d The four permanent magnet structures shown have magnetization directions of -90° at the beginning and end of the first permanent magnet structure, 90° at the beginning and end of the third permanent magnet structure, -90° at the beginning and end of the second permanent magnet structure, and 90° at the beginning and end of the fourth permanent magnet structure.

[0088] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the beginning and end of the first permanent magnet structure located in the fourth quadrant and the fourth permanent magnet structure located in the third quadrant can be the same, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the beginning and end of the second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant and the third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant can be the same.

[0089] According to the embodiments of this disclosure, the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are horizontally opposite. This results in the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the four rows of permanent magnet structures being opposite to each other. The multiple integral fields generated by the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures cancel each other out, and the first integral of the tilted magnetizing undulator is zero, so as to achieve the effect that the motion direction of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetizing undulator is consistent with the initial state.

[0090] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilted magnetized undulator further includes a movable connection structure for adjusting the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction, so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state, while making the velocity direction of the electron beam move away from the central axis, thereby reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator.

[0091] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the strength of the magnetic field and the magnitude of the resonant photon energy can be adjusted by adjusting the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction, and the polarization state of synchrotron radiation can be adjusted by adjusting the phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction.

[0092] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the range of the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction (y direction) is 17mm to 180mm, and the range of the phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction (z direction) is -168mm to 168mm.

[0093] According to embodiments of this disclosure, by adjusting the movable connection structure to adjust the distance between the second and third permanent magnet structures and the first and fourth permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction (y direction), the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic block can be changed, thereby adjusting the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light. Specifically, the smaller the distance between the second and third permanent magnet structures and the first and fourth permanent magnet structures, the greater the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic block, and the lower the resonant photon energy output by the adjustable polarization tilting magnetization undulator. Conversely, the larger the distance between the second and third permanent magnet structures and the first and fourth permanent magnet structures, the smaller the magnetic field strength generated by the magnetic block, and the higher the resonant photon energy output by the adjustable polarization tilting magnetization undulator. For example, when the tunable polarization tilted magnetized undulator is in circular polarization mode, the gap between the first and third permanent magnet structures in the y-direction and the corresponding photon energy can be: 17 mm - 5.4 eV, 37 mm - 14.55 eV, 45 mm - 21.6 eV, 59 mm – 43 eV, 75 mm – 82 eV, 81 mm - 103.6 eV, 90 mm - 132.65 eV. When the tunable polarization tilted magnetized undulator is in vertical linear polarization mode, the gap between the first and third permanent magnet structures in the y-direction and the corresponding photon energy can be: 20 mm - 5.45 eV, 40 mm – 20 eV, 60 mm - 58.75 eV, 66 mm – 77 eV, 74 mm – 105 eV, 81 mm - 132.5 eV. In the case of a tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization in horizontal linear polarization mode, the gap between the first and third permanent magnet structures in the y-direction and the corresponding photon energy can be: 17 mm - 6 eV, 42 mm – 14 eV, 52 mm – 20 eV, 70 mm – 40 eV, 84 mm – 63 eV, 93 mm – 82 eV, 100 mm – 100 eV, 112 mm - 132 eV.

[0094] According to embodiments of this disclosure, with the phases of any two diagonally opposite permanent magnet structures fixed and unchanged, the phases of the remaining permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction (z direction) can be adjusted by adjusting the movable connection structure, so that the tilt magnetizing undulator with adjustable polarization can generate composite magnetic fields with different distributions, and the polarization state of synchrotron radiation light can be switched between horizontal linear polarization, vertical linear polarization, and circular polarization. For example, when the gap in the y-direction of the adjustable polarization tilted magnetized undulator is 17 mm, horizontally linearly polarized light is emitted when the phase shift of the second and third permanent magnet structures and / or the first and fourth permanent magnet structures is 0. When a switch to vertical linear polarization mode is required, the first permanent magnet structure can move 84 mm along the positive z-axis, and the third permanent magnet structure can move 84 mm along the negative z-axis (approximately 6 magnetic block longitudinal dimensions). In circular polarization mode, both arrays can move 33.6 mm along the negative z-axis (approximately 2.4 magnetic block longitudinal dimensions). Furthermore, to improve the radiation performance of the tilted magnetized undulator, the gap and phase shift of the first and third permanent magnet structures can differ under different operating gaps in the circular polarization mode. When the gap between the first and third permanent magnet structures is 17 mm, the translation between them can be 33.6 mm; when the gap is 37 mm, the array can be translated to 44.8 mm. When the gap between the first and third permanent magnet structures is 45 mm, the translation between them can be 47.6 mm. When the gap between them is 59 mm, the translation can be 53.2 mm. When the gap between them is 75 mm, the translation can be 56 mm. When the gap between them is 81 mm and 90 mm, the translation can be 58.8 mm.

[0095] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when the phases of multiple permanent magnet structures are adjustable, by adjusting the movable connection structure to simultaneously adjust the phases between the second permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure and between the first permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure in the central axis direction (z direction), synchrotron radiation light with arbitrary polarization can be generated in the electron beam vacuum chamber, so that synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization is output.

[0096] According to embodiments of this disclosure, when the second permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure and / or the first permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are simultaneously moved in the same direction to adjust their phase, the synchrotron radiation light in the electron beam vacuum chamber can be converted from horizontal linear polarization to elliptical polarization, then from elliptical polarization to circular polarization, and then from circular polarization to vertical linear polarization. When the second permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure and / or the first permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are simultaneously moved in opposite directions to adjust their phase, the synchrotron radiation light in the electron beam vacuum chamber can be converted from horizontal linear polarization to vertical linear polarization.

[0097] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the gap between two adjacent permanent magnet structures in the horizontal direction (x-direction) ranges from 1mm to 10mm, preferably 6.5mm. In adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulators, the gap between two adjacent permanent magnet structures in the horizontal direction (x-direction) is typically fixed and not adjusted.

[0098] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the tilted magnetizing undulator may further include a movable connection structure. By adjusting the phase of the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction, the tilted magnetizing undulator can generate composite magnetic fields with multiple distributions, enabling the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light in a predetermined polarization state. At the same time, the velocity direction of the electron beam is moved away from the central axis of the tilted magnetizing undulator, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis and achieving the effect of reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetizing undulator. Furthermore, by changing the gap and relative phase between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures, the magnetic field strength and the resonant photon energy of the output synchrotron radiation light can be changed, and the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation light can be switched.

[0099] According to embodiments of this disclosure, an undulator may include: a plurality of periodically adjustable polarized tilt magnetized undulators.

[0100] According to embodiments of this disclosure, the undulator may include a 14-cycle adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator.

[0101] Figure 4a A schematic diagram illustrating the magnetic field distribution of a horizontally linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution of a vertically linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 4c A schematic diagram of the magnetic field distribution in a circularly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0102] like Figures 4a-4c As shown, Figures 4a-4cThe figure shows the magnetic field distribution under different polarization modes when the gap between multiple permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17 mm. B can be characterized as magnetic field strength, Bx[T] can be characterized as the distribution of magnetic field strength along the x-direction, By[T] can be characterized as the distribution of magnetic field strength along the y-direction, and z can be characterized as the direction of the central axis, i.e., the direction of the electron beam. Under a 2.2 GeV electron beam, the synchrotron radiation photon energy output by the tilted magnetized undulator can be about 5~6 eV. It can be seen from the figure that in the horizontal linear polarization mode, the distribution of magnetic field strength along the y-direction is more undulating and the field strength is stronger. In the vertical linear polarization mode, the distribution of magnetic field strength along the x-direction is more undulating and the field strength is stronger. In the circular polarization mode, the magnitudes of the magnetic field strength in the x and y directions are similar.

[0103] Figure 5a The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of horizontal linear polarization. Figure 5b The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of vertical linear polarization. Figure 5c The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output by an adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the case of circular polarization.

[0104] like Figures 5a-5c As shown, Figures 5a-5c The figure illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons in different polarization modes when the gap between multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17 mm. The horizontal axis represents energy, the left vertical axis represents flux, and the right vertical axis represents the degree of polarization. The circled position represents the maximum flux of photons in that mode. For linear polarization modes, i.e., horizontal and vertical linear polarization modes, the absolute value of the degree of polarization is close to 100%. A positive degree of polarization indicates horizontal linear polarization, and a negative degree indicates vertical linear polarization. For circular polarization modes, a positive degree of polarization indicates right-handed circular polarization, and a negative degree indicates left-handed circular polarization. As can be seen from the figure, regardless of the polarization mode, the flux of photons output by the adjustable polarization tilt magnetization undulator of this application is very high, and the degree of polarization of the output light is also relatively high.

[0105] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and flux of photons output in different polarization modes according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0106] like Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6The diagram illustrates the relationship between photon energy and flux in different polarization modes. The horizontal axis represents photon energy, and the vertical axis represents flux. H represents the horizontal linear polarization mode, V represents the vertical linear polarization mode, and C represents the circular polarization mode. The tilted magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization achieves the highest photon flux, approaching 0.95 × 10⁻⁶, in the vertical linear polarization mode. 15 (Unit: ph·s) -1 0.1%bw -1 In the horizontally linearly polarized mode, the photon flux reaches a maximum of approximately 1.05 × 10⁻⁶. 15 (Unit: ph·s) -1 0.1%bw -1 In circularly polarized mode, the photon flux reaches a maximum of approximately 1.6 × 10⁻⁶. 15 (Unit: ph·s) -1 0.1%bw -1 This result is much greater than that of existing undulators with the same parameters, indicating that the tunable polarization tilt magnetization undulator of this application has a higher photon flux in circular polarization mode.

[0107] Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy of photons output in different polarization modes according to embodiments of the present disclosure and the absolute value of the degree of polarization.

[0108] like Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy of the output photons and the absolute value of the degree of polarization under different polarization modes. The horizontal axis represents the photon energy, and the vertical axis represents the absolute value of the degree of polarization. H represents the horizontal linear polarization mode, V represents the vertical linear polarization mode, and C represents the circular polarization mode. The adjustable polarization tilt magnetized undulator maintains a linear polarization degree of no less than 99% in the vertical linear polarization mode, with an average value around 99.4%. In the horizontal linear polarization mode, the linear polarization degree maintains a linear polarization degree of no less than 98.7%, with an average value around 99.5%. In the circular polarization mode, the circular polarization degree maintains a linear polarization degree of no less than 99%, with an average value around 99.5%.

[0109] Figure 8 The diagram illustrates the relationship between the energy and power of photons output in different polarization modes according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0110] like Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8The relationship between the energy of the output photons and the power of the tunable polarization tilt magnetized undulator under different polarization modes is shown. The horizontal axis represents photon energy, and the vertical axis represents power. H represents the horizontal linear polarization mode, V represents the vertical linear polarization mode, and C represents the circular polarization mode. The power of the tunable polarization tilt magnetized undulator is lowest in the circular polarization mode, highest in the horizontal linear polarization mode, and between the horizontal and circular polarization modes in the vertical linear polarization mode.

[0111] Figure 9a A schematic diagram illustrating the power density distribution of a horizontally linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 9b A schematic diagram illustrating the power density distribution of a vertically linearly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 9c A schematic diagram illustrating the power density distribution of a circularly polarized mode according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0112] like Figures 9a-9c As shown, Figures 9a-9c The figure shows the thermal distribution of power density in three different polarization modes with a gap of 17 mm between multiple permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction. The horizontal axis represents the power density in the x-direction and the vertical axis represents the power density in the y-direction. As can be seen from the figure, the velocity direction of the electron beam can be moved away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator, thereby reducing the thermal load near the central axis and achieving the effect of reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator.

[0113] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this disclosure can be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in this disclosure. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of this disclosure can be combined or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of this disclosure. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0114] The above specific embodiments further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of this disclosure. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of this disclosure and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this disclosure should be included within the protection scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A tilt magnetized undulator with adjustable polarization, comprising: An electron beam vacuum chamber is used to transmit an electron beam so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of a predetermined polarization state under the action of a magnetic field in a vacuum environment. Multiple permanent magnet structures are respectively set in the four quadrants of a rectangular coordinate system established with the electron beam vacuum chamber as the center. Each set of permanent magnet structures includes tilted magnetized magnetic block units and additional magnetized magnetic block units, which are arranged alternately. When the electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the tilted magnetized block unit causes the electron beam to emit synchrotron radiation light with a predetermined polarization state. At the same time, the additional magnetized block unit adjusts the transverse velocity of the electron beam so that the velocity direction of the electron beam is away from the central axis of the tilted magnetized undulator.

2. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additional magnetization block unit includes multiple additional magnetic field blocks, which include multiple additional magnetic field blocks in the vertical magnetization direction and multiple additional magnetic field blocks in the horizontal magnetization direction. When the electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field block in the horizontal magnetization direction, together with the magnetic field generated by the additional magnetic field block in the vertical magnetization direction, causes the velocity direction of the electron beam to move away from the central axis of the tilted magnetizing undulator.

3. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tilted magnetized block unit includes multiple tilted magnetized blocks, and each tilted magnetized block includes a main magnetic field block and an auxiliary magnetic field block; The magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block is obtained by superimposing the magnetization direction of the main magnetic field block and the magnetization direction of the auxiliary magnetic field block, thereby generating a magnetic field tilted relative to the magnetic field direction of the main magnetic field block. When the electron beam is injected into the electron beam vacuum chamber, the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of the predetermined polarization state.

4. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, In any of the permanent magnet structures, the ratio of the total number of the main magnetic field blocks to the total number of the auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 2:3, and the ratio of the period length of the main magnetic field generated by the main magnetic field blocks to the period length of the auxiliary magnetic field generated by the auxiliary magnetic field blocks is 3:

2.

5. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple permanent magnet structures include a first permanent magnet structure located in the fourth quadrant, a second permanent magnet structure located in the first quadrant, a third permanent magnet structure located in the second quadrant, and a fourth permanent magnet structure located in the third quadrant. The magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the first permanent magnet structure and the third permanent magnet structure are opposite horizontally, and the magnetization directions of the magnetic blocks at the ends of the second permanent magnet structure and the fourth permanent magnet structure are opposite horizontally, so that the multiple integral fields generated by the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures cancel each other out, the first integral of the tilted magnetizing undulator is 0, and the direction of motion of the electron beam after passing through the tilted magnetizing undulator is consistent with the initial state, wherein the initial state characterizes the motion state of the electron beam before passing through the tilted magnetizing undulator.

6. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tilted magnetized undulator also includes a movable connection structure for adjusting the gap between the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction and the phase between the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction, so that the electron beam emits synchrotron radiation light of the predetermined polarization state, while making the velocity direction of the electron beam move away from the central axis, thereby reducing the thermal load of the tilted magnetized undulator. Specifically, the strength of the magnetic field and the magnitude of the resonant photon energy are adjusted by adjusting the gap between the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction, and the polarization state of the synchrotron radiation is adjusted by adjusting the phase between the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction.

7. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The range of the gap between the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the vertical direction is 17mm to 180mm, and the range of the phase between the multiple sets of permanent magnet structures in the central axis direction is -168mm to 168mm.

8. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The tilt angle of the magnetization direction of the tilted magnetized block unit is in the range of 0° to 30°.

9. The tilting magnetized undulator according to claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the additional magnetic field block are both 3mm to 40mm, and the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the tilted magnetized block are both 20mm to 60mm.

10. An oscillator, characterized in that, include: Multiple sets of adjustable polarization tilt magnetized oscillators as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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