Soybean fertilization system containing fertilization management module and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a soybean fertilization system containing a fertilization management module and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of soil analysis and evaluation, the system comprises a soil water content monitoring module, a soil fertility evaluation module, a fertilization management module, a water utilization evaluation module and a nutrient element dynamic regulation module; a farmland is divided into sub-regions according to different depths, the soil water content of each depth is monitored, the soil water content is monitored in real time, water content abnormity is found in time, and an alarm is given out; evaluating the content of main nutrient elements in the soil, and generating a soil fertility coefficient in combination with the demand data of the soybeans on the nutrient elements; adjusting the irrigation rate to be unchanged according to the water utilization rate, recording the nutrient element variation, determining the nutrient element with the maximum change, and adjusting the proportion in the chemical fertilizer; the precision and efficiency of farmland management are improved, the resource consumption of agricultural production can be remarkably reduced, the environment is protected, and meanwhile the yield and quality of crops are improved.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application with application number 202411470898.9, application date October 21, 2024, and the invention name at the time of application was “A soybean fertilization method and system based on soil fertility assessment”. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil analysis and evaluation, and in particular to a soybean fertilization system including a fertilization management module and application thereof. Background Art

[0003] With the rapid development of agriculture, chemical synthetic fertilizers are widely used around the world, especially in large-scale commercial agriculture. These fertilizers include different proportions of major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to increase the growth rate and yield of crops. Modern soybean fertilization methods emphasize reducing negative impacts on the environment. The use of precision fertilization technology and organic fertilizer integration can effectively reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and help maintain the health and stability of the agricultural ecosystem.

[0004] In the prior art, publication number CN112851433A discloses a regionalized soybean-specific fertilizer and application method based on the QUEFTS model. The QUEFTS model is used to obtain key parameters such as yield, yield response and relative yield in a complex soybean fertilization system to evaluate the growth environment and soil fertility of soybean crops, and accurately and quickly provide a soybean-specific fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient requirement ratio and a corresponding recommended fertilization method.

[0005] Insufficient existing technology:

[0006] In the process of using the QUEFTS model to obtain yield, yield response and relative yield, due to the stratification of soil, different layers of soil contain different nutrients and water, which will lead to changes in parameters such as crop yield, yield response and relative yield, and may cause changes in the proportion of nutrients in the formulated fertilizers, thereby affecting crop yields.

[0007] The required ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soybean fertilizer is not fixed, but needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the different growth stages of soybeans. In the initial seedling stage, soybeans tend to have a relatively high demand for nitrogen, but when they reach the adult stage, the demand for nitrogen will decrease sharply, while the demand for phosphorus and potassium will increase. In agricultural fertilization, nitrogen pollutes the environment more and can easily cause ecological and environmental problems such as soil salinization and water pollution.

[0008] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a soybean fertilization method and system based on soil fertility assessment to solve the above problems.

[0009] The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art that is already known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the invention

[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a soybean fertilization system including a fertilization management module and its application, so as to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0012] A soybean fertilization method based on soil fertility assessment, the specific steps comprising:

[0013] Step 1: Divide the soybean-growing farmland into several sub-areas, monitor and record the soil moisture data of each sub-area, set the moisture threshold, obtain the soil moisture data set at different depths, and use the soil data set of each sub-area to generate a soil moisture index. If the soil moisture index is much greater than or much less than the moisture threshold, the first alarm is issued;

[0014] Step 2: When the first alarm is issued, the nutrient ion content data in the soil of each sub-area is collected, the content of the main nutrient elements in the soil is evaluated, the nutrient concentration coefficient is generated, the nutrient requirement data of soybeans is collected, and the soil fertility coefficient is generated by combining the nutrient concentration coefficient and the collected nutrient requirement data;

[0015] Step 3: Compare the nutrient ion content data in the soil of the sub-area with the nutrient element demand data, screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements, and use the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the fertilizer amount data required for soybeans;

[0016] Step 4: Based on the required fertilizer amount data for soybeans, the fertilizer amount is kept constant, the irrigation flow rate is changed, the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates at the same time are recorded, and compared with the moisture content threshold, the soil moisture data closest to the moisture content threshold is selected, and the water utilization rate of soybeans is calculated;

[0017] Step 5: Based on the water utilization rate of soybeans, control the appropriate irrigation flow rate unchanged, record the changes in the nutrient content in the soil, and compare it with the nutrient demand data of soybeans to obtain the nutrient element with the largest change. Based on the nutrient element with the largest change, change the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer.

[0018] Further, in step 1, the specific steps of recording the water content data in each area and setting the water content threshold are: obtaining a set of soil water content data at different depths, and the specific method is: taking the same volume of surface soil, deep soil and soil at the same level as the soybean root system, weighing the wet weight and dry weight of the soil at three different depths respectively, calculating the soil water content at three different depths, and setting the soil water content data at the same horizontal depth as the root system of the planted soybeans in combination with the soil volume as the water content threshold, and the formula based on it is:

[0019] M c =(m s -m g )*lnH c

[0020] M a =(m s -m g )*ln(H c +15)

[0021] M b =(m s -m g )*ln(H c -15)

[0022]

[0023] Where M c 、M a 、M b Respectively represent the water content data of the same horizontal soil, deep soil, and surface soil under the same volume, m s 、m g Represents soil wet weight and soil dry weight, H c Indicates the soil depth at the same level as the soybean root system, h c Indicates the water content threshold, V c Indicates the volume of soil at the same level.

[0024] Furthermore, in step 1, the moisture content index is generated and compared with the moisture content threshold to determine whether to issue an alarm. The specific steps are: using the soil data set of each sub-region to generate the soil moisture index, the formula based on which is:

[0025]

[0026] In the formula, Z b represents soil moisture index, and V represents the volume of soil at equal volume.

[0027] Further, in step 2, the specific steps of collecting the nutrient ion content data in the soil of each sub-region, evaluating the content of the main nutrient elements in the soil, and generating the nutrient concentration coefficient are: evaluating the content of the main nutrient elements in the soil, generating the nutrient concentration coefficient, and the specific method is: collecting nutrient samples in the soil of each sub-region, using atomic absorption spectroscopy to detect the ion content of the main nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and generating the nutrient concentration coefficient, and the specific logic is:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, R(c N , c P , c K ) represents the nutrient concentration coefficient in the soil, c N 、c P 、c K Respectively represent the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient ions in equal volumes of soil, V N 、V P , V K represents an equal volume of sampled soil.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 2, the specific steps of comprehensively generating the fertility coefficient are: collecting the data on the demand for nutrient elements of soybeans, and comprehensively generating the soil fertility coefficient using the nutrient concentration coefficient and the collected nutrient requirement data. The specific logic is as follows:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033] In the formula, F l represents the soil fertility coefficient, c N ′、c P ′、c K ' represents the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ions in the same volume of soil at the same horizontal depth as the root system of the planted soybean. Indicates the collected nutritional requirements data.

[0034] Further, in step 3, the specific steps of screening out relatively lacking or redundant elements and obtaining the required fertilization data are: using the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the required fertilizer amount data for soybeans. The specific method is: comparing the nutrient ion content data in the soil of the sub-region with the nutrient element demand data to screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements. The method is: calculating the deviation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, judging the size of the deviation of the three elements, introducing a deviation threshold to judge whether the maximum deviation is significant, and the specific logic is:

[0035] ΔN=|c N ′-c N |

[0036] ΔP=|c P ′-c P |

[0037] ΔK=|c K ′-c K |

[0038] Δc x =max{ΔN,ΔP,ΔK}

[0039]

[0040] Among them, ΔN, ΔP, and ΔK represent the element deviations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively, and Δc x Indicates the relatively missing or redundant elements that are screened out, Q indicates the specific logic of the type of elements screened out, and N ed It represents the amount of fertilizer required for soybean, and T represents the element deviation threshold.

[0041] Furthermore, in step 4, the specific steps for calculating the water utilization rate of soybeans are: comparing the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates with the moisture threshold, selecting the soil moisture data closest to the moisture threshold, and calculating the water utilization rate of soybeans. The specific logic is:

[0042] ΔL=min{(|h c -v k *t|),(|h c -v m *t|),(|h c -v y *t|)}

[0043]

[0044] In the formula, ΔL represents the soil moisture content data closest to the moisture content threshold, δ represents the water utilization rate of soybeans, and v k *t,v k *t,v y *t represents the soil moisture content under fast rate irrigation, slow rate irrigation and uniform rate irrigation, t represents the same irrigation time, m s -m g Represents the total water content of soil at equal volume.

[0045] Furthermore, in step 5, according to the obtained nutrient element with the largest change amount, the specific steps of changing the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer are: according to the utilization rate of water by soybeans, the corresponding irrigation flow rate is controlled to remain unchanged, the change amount of nutrient element content in the soil is recorded, and compared with the nutrient element demand data of soybeans, and the specific logic of obtaining the nutrient element with the largest change amount is:

[0046]

[0047] Δc x ′=max{Δc1,Δc2,Δc3}

[0048] N bl =N ed +Δc x '

[0049] Where N bl Indicates the amount of fertilizer after adjusting the element ratio, Δc x ′ represents the nutrient element with the largest change, Δc1, Δc2, and Δc3 represent the changes in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient ions contained in equal volumes of soil at the same irrigation flow rate, respectively. They represent the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ions in equal volumes of soil at the same irrigation flow rate.

[0050] The present invention further provides a soybean fertilization system based on soil fertility assessment, which is used to execute the above-mentioned soybean fertilization method based on soil fertility assessment, comprising:

[0051] The soil moisture monitoring module is used to divide the soybean-growing farmland into several sub-areas, monitor and record the soil moisture data of each sub-area, set the moisture threshold, obtain the soil moisture data set of different depths, and generate the soil moisture index using the soil data set of each sub-area. If the soil moisture index is much greater than or much less than the moisture threshold, the first alarm is issued;

[0052] The soil fertility assessment module is used to collect the nutrient ion content data in the soil of each sub-area when the first alarm is issued, evaluate the content of major nutrient elements in the soil, generate nutrient concentration coefficients, collect the nutrient requirement data for soybeans, and use the nutrient concentration coefficients and the collected nutrient requirement data to comprehensively generate the soil fertility coefficient;

[0053] The fertilization management module is used to compare the nutrient ion content data in the soil of the sub-area with the demand data for nutrient elements, screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements, and use the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the fertilizer amount data required for soybeans;

[0054] The water utilization evaluation module is used to control the fertilizer application amount to remain unchanged and change the irrigation flow rate according to the obtained data on the amount of fertilizer required for soybeans, record the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates at the same time, compare it with the moisture content threshold, select the soil moisture content data closest to the moisture content threshold, and calculate the water utilization rate of soybeans;

[0055] The dynamic adjustment module of nutrient elements is used to control the appropriate irrigation flow rate according to the utilization rate of water by soybeans, record the change of nutrient element content in the soil, and compare it with the data of soybean's demand for nutrient elements to obtain the nutrient element with the largest change. According to the element with the largest change in nutrient element, the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer is changed.

[0056] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0057] By dividing the farmland into sub-areas at different depths and monitoring the soil moisture content at each depth, precise irrigation management can be achieved. The soil moisture content at the root depth is set as the moisture content threshold, and the soil moisture content is monitored in real time. Abnormal moisture content is detected in time and an alarm is issued, which helps to avoid excessive or insufficient irrigation, thereby saving water resources and optimizing crop growth conditions.

[0058] Evaluate the content of major nutrients in the soil, combine it with the data on soybean's demand for nutrients, and generate the soil fertility coefficient. This evaluation and calculation can accurately determine the state of nutrients in the soil, help farmers optimize fertilization plans, ensure that crops get enough nutrients, avoid over-fertilization, reduce labor costs, and reduce the impact of chemical elements in fertilizers on the environment;

[0059] The present invention not only improves the accuracy and efficiency of farmland management, but also can significantly reduce resource consumption in agricultural production, protect the environment, and at the same time increase crop yield and quality. Through real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation, agricultural production can be more sustainable and economically efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall method flow of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the system module flow of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0063] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. "Include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. "Connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0064] Example:

[0065] See also Figure 1 :A soybean fertilization method based on soil fertility assessment, the specific steps comprising:

[0066] Step 1: Divide the soybean-growing farmland into several sub-areas, monitor and record the soil moisture data of each sub-area, set the moisture threshold, obtain the soil moisture data set at different depths, and use the soil data set of each sub-area to generate a soil moisture index. If the soil moisture index is much greater than or much less than the moisture threshold, the first alarm is issued;

[0067] Step 2: When the first alarm is issued, the nutrient ion content data in the soil of each sub-area is collected, the content of the main nutrient elements in the soil is evaluated, the nutrient concentration coefficient is generated, the nutrient requirement data of soybeans is collected, and the soil fertility coefficient is generated by combining the nutrient concentration coefficient and the collected nutrient requirement data;

[0068] Step 3: Compare the nutrient ion content data in the soil of the sub-area with the nutrient element demand data, screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements, and use the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the fertilizer amount data required for soybeans;

[0069] Step 4: Based on the required fertilizer amount data for soybeans, the fertilizer amount is kept constant, the irrigation flow rate is changed, the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates at the same time are recorded, and compared with the moisture content threshold, the soil moisture data closest to the moisture content threshold is selected, and the water utilization rate of soybeans is calculated;

[0070] Step 5: Based on the water utilization rate of soybeans, control the appropriate irrigation flow rate unchanged, record the changes in the nutrient content in the soil, and compare it with the nutrient demand data of soybeans to obtain the nutrient element with the largest change. Based on the nutrient element with the largest change, change the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer.

[0071] It should be noted that soybean cultivation requires reasonable soil moisture content to achieve optimal growth. By dividing the farmland into sub-areas of different depths and monitoring the soil moisture content of each sub-area, the ground 15 cm away from the soil level of the soybean roots is defined as the surface soil, and the bottom 15 cm away from the soil level of the soybean roots is defined as the deep soil. The water distribution at different depths is accurately understood, and the soil moisture content at the depth of the root system is set as the moisture content threshold to ensure that the soil moisture is within the range that can be effectively utilized by the roots, avoiding the soil from being too wet or too dry.

[0072] Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a data set of soil moisture content at different depths. The specific method is as follows:

[0073] Take the same volume of surface soil, deep soil and soil at the same level as the soybean root system, weigh the wet weight and dry weight of the soil at three different depths, calculate the soil moisture content at three different depths, and set the soil moisture content data at the same horizontal depth as the soybean root system combined with the soil volume as the moisture content threshold. The formula is:

[0074] M c =(m s -m g )*lnH c

[0075] M a =(m s -m g )*ln(H c +15)

[0076] M b =(m s -m g )*ln(H c -15)

[0077]

[0078] Among them, M c 、M a 、M b Respectively represent the water content data of the same horizontal soil, deep soil, and surface soil under the same volume m s 、m g Represents soil wet weight and soil dry weight, H cIndicates the soil depth at the same level as the soybean root system, h c Indicates the water content threshold, V c Indicates the soil volume at the same level, H c +15 means the deep soil 15 cm away from the soybean root system. c -15 represents the surface soil 15 cm away from the soybean roots. The larger the soil volume, the smaller the water threshold will be.

[0079] It should be noted that by real-time monitoring and recording of soil moisture data and using the data to generate a soil moisture index, farmers or agricultural experts can better adjust irrigation strategies. When the soil moisture index is far higher or far lower than the preset moisture threshold, the system can issue an alarm to prompt farmers to adjust the irrigation amount or frequency, thereby reducing water waste and improving water utilization efficiency.

[0080] Therefore, it is necessary to use the soil data set of each sub-region to generate the soil moisture index based on the formula:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, Z b It represents the soil moisture index, V represents the volume of soil at equal volume. It can be seen from the formula that the soil moisture index is related to the soil moisture content in three different regions. The higher the soil moisture content, the greater the moisture index value.

[0083] It should be noted that by monitoring the nutrient ion content in the soil, the concentration of the main nutrients in the soil can be understood in real time. By generating nutrient concentration coefficients based on these data and combining them with the actual nutrient demand data of soybeans, the nutritional status of the soil can be accurately assessed. This helps farmers determine the specific nutrient requirements of the soil in each sub-area, thereby optimizing fertilization strategies, ensuring that crops receive adequate nutrient supply, and improving crop yield and quality. Through accurate nutrient element assessments, farmers can adjust fertilization plans in a timely manner, apply fertilizers accurately according to specific needs, and maximize fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0084] Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the content of major nutrients in the soil and generate nutrient concentration coefficients. The specific method is as follows:

[0085] Nutrient samples were collected from the soil of each sub-area, and the ion content of the main nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy to generate nutrient concentration coefficients. The specific logic is as follows:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, R(c N , cP , c K ) represents the nutrient concentration coefficient in the soil, c N 、c P 、c K Respectively represent the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient ions in equal volumes of soil, V N 、V P 、V K It represents the sampling volume of equal soil. By sampling the same depth and equal volume of soil, the influence of moisture and ion concentration on the generated nutrient concentration coefficient is reduced.

[0088] It should be noted that the generated fertility coefficient can be used to monitor and adjust soil nutrient status in real time, which can support sustainable agricultural production practices. Reasonable fertilization can not only increase crop yields, but also help reduce pollution to soil and water resources and protect the health of farmland ecosystems. This management method helps the agricultural system better adapt to climate change and changes in market demand.

[0089] Therefore, it is necessary to collect the data on the nutritional elements required by soybeans, and use the nutrient concentration coefficient and the collected nutritional requirements data to comprehensively generate the soil fertility coefficient. The specific logic is as follows:

[0090]

[0091]

[0092] Among them, F l represents the soil fertility coefficient, c N ′、c P ′、c K ' represents the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ions in the same volume of soil at the same horizontal depth as the root system of the planted soybean. It represents the collected nutrient requirement data. From the above formula, it can be seen that the soil fertility coefficient is proportional to the nutrient concentration coefficient and the nutrient requirement data.

[0093] It should be noted that by comparing the nutrient ion content in the soil with the nutrient demand of soybeans, the supply of various nutrient elements in the soil can be accurately judged. After screening out the relatively deficient or excessive elements, the soil fertility coefficient can be used for calibration to accurately determine the amount of fertilizer required for soybeans. This precise fertilization management effectively avoids the problem of excess or insufficient nutrients, thereby maximizing crop growth and yield.

[0094] Therefore, it is necessary to use the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the required fertilizer application data for soybeans. The specific method is as follows:

[0095] Compare the nutrient ion content data in the soil of the sub-area with the nutrient element demand data to screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements. The method is based on: calculating the deviation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, judging the size of the deviation of the three elements, and introducing a deviation threshold to judge whether the maximum deviation is significant. The specific logic is as follows:

[0096] ΔN=|c N ′-c N |

[0097] ΔP=|c P ′-c P |

[0098] ΔK=|c K ′-c K |

[0099] Δc x =max{ΔN,ΔP,ΔK}

[0100]

[0101] Among them, ΔN, ΔP, and ΔK represent the element deviations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively, and Δc x Indicates the relatively missing or redundant elements that are screened out, Q indicates the specific logic of the type of elements screened out, and N ed represents the amount of fertilizer required for soybeans, T represents the element deviation threshold. From the above formula, we can see that |c N ′-c N |、|c P ′-c P |、|c K ′-c K |Respectively represent the difference between the concentration of nutrient ions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in equal volume of soil with roots at the same horizontal depth and the concentration of nutrient ions in equal volume of soil. The data on the required amount of fertilizer is mainly related to the soil fertility coefficient and the screened elements. The soil fertility coefficient reflects the nutrient ion content and water content in the soil. If the water and nutrients are sufficient, the larger the soil fertility coefficient, the smaller the amount of fertilizer required.

[0102] It should be noted that recording soil moisture data at different irrigation rates can evaluate the growth of soybeans under different moisture conditions. Changing the irrigation flow rate and recording soil moisture data at different rates can help determine the best irrigation strategy. By comparing these data with the preset moisture content threshold, the distribution and changes of soil moisture can be evaluated. This precise water management helps avoid soil over-wetting or over-drying, optimizes soil water use efficiency, thereby improving crop growth and yield, and can help farmers or agricultural experts determine cost-effective irrigation strategies. Effective irrigation management can not only save water resources, but also reduce irrigation costs and reduce the negative impact of irrigation on soil and the environment.

[0103] Therefore, it is necessary to compare the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates with the moisture threshold, select the soil moisture data closest to the moisture threshold, and calculate the water utilization rate of soybeans. The specific logic is:

[0104] ΔL=min{(|h c -v k *t|),(|h c -v m *t|),(|h c -v y *t|)}

[0105]

[0106] Among them, ΔL represents the soil moisture content data closest to the moisture content threshold, δ represents the utilization rate of water by soybeans, and v k *t,v k *t,v y *t represents the soil moisture content under fast rate irrigation, slow rate irrigation and uniform rate irrigation, t represents the same irrigation time, m s -m g represents the total soil water content under equal volume. From the above formula, we can see that |h c -v k *t|、|h c -v m *t|、|h c -v y *t| represents the difference from the water content threshold under fast rate irrigation, slow rate irrigation and uniform rate irrigation respectively. This step determines the appropriate irrigation rate.

[0107] It should be noted that by recording the changes in the content of nutrient elements in the soil, we can understand the supply of various nutrient elements in the soil in real time. By comparing these data with the actual demand for nutrients by soybeans, we can determine which nutrients in the soil are in excess or insufficient supply. Reasonable adjustment of the proportion of nutrients in fertilizers can ensure that crops can obtain the nutrients they need and avoid problems of excess or insufficient nutrients. Moreover, the demand for nutrients by crops will change during the growth cycle. Adjusting the fertilizer ratio according to the changes in the nutrient elements in the soil can meet the nutritional needs of soybeans at different growth stages, promote the healthy growth and development of crops, and improve stress resistance and disease and pest resistance.

[0108] Therefore, it is necessary to change the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer according to the element with the largest change in nutrient element. The specific method is as follows:

[0109] According to the utilization rate of water by soybeans, the corresponding irrigation flow rate is controlled unchanged, the change in the content of nutrient elements in the soil is recorded, and compared with the data on the demand for nutrient elements by soybeans, the specific logic for obtaining the nutrient element with the largest change is:

[0110]

[0111] Δc x ′=max{Δc1,Δc2,Δc3}

[0112] N bl =N ed +Δc x '

[0113] Among them, N bl Indicates the amount of fertilizer after adjusting the element ratio, Δc x ′ represents the nutrient element with the largest change, Δc1, Δc2, and Δc3 represent the changes in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient ions contained in equal volumes of soil at the same irrigation flow rate, respectively. They represent the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ions in equal volumes of soil at the same irrigation flow rate.

[0114] The present invention also provides a soybean fertilization system for soil fertility assessment, comprising:

[0115] The soil moisture monitoring module is used to divide the soybean-planting farmland into several sub-areas according to different depths, monitor and record the soil moisture data of each sub-area, set the soil moisture data at the same horizontal depth as the root system of the soybean planting as the moisture threshold, obtain the soil moisture data set at different depths, and generate the soil moisture index using the soil data set of each sub-area. If the soil moisture index is much greater than or much less than the moisture threshold, the first alarm is issued;

[0116] The soil fertility assessment module is used to set up soil ion monitoring sensors at the monitoring points. When the first alarm is issued, the soil nutrient ion content data in each sub-area is collected to assess the content of major nutrient elements in the soil, generate nutrient concentration coefficients, collect soybean demand data for nutrient elements, and use the nutrient concentration coefficients and the collected nutrient requirement data to comprehensively generate soil fertility coefficients;

[0117] The fertilization management module is used to compare the soil nutrient ion content data of the soybean root system with the nutrient element demand data, screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements, and use the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the fertilization amount data required for soybeans;

[0118] The water utilization evaluation module is used to control the fertilizer application amount to remain unchanged and change the irrigation flow rate according to the obtained data on the amount of fertilizer required for soybeans, record the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates at the same time, compare it with the moisture content threshold, select the soil moisture content data closest to the moisture content threshold, and calculate the water utilization rate of soybeans;

[0119] The dynamic adjustment module of nutrient elements is used to control the appropriate irrigation flow rate according to the utilization rate of water by soybeans, record the change of nutrient element content in the soil, and compare it with the data of soybean's demand for nutrient elements to obtain the nutrient element with the largest change. According to the element with the largest change in nutrient element, the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer is changed.

[0120] The above formulas are all dimensionless and numerical calculations. The formula is a formula for the most recent real situation obtained by collecting a large amount of data and performing software simulation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by technicians in this field according to actual conditions.

[0121] The above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any other combination thereof. When implemented by software, the above embodiments may be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. Those skilled in the art may appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented by electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution.

[0122] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, and may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0123] The above description is only a specific implementation manner of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. Application of a soybean fertilization system containing a fertilization management module in soybean planting, characterized in that: The fertilization system comprises: a soil moisture monitoring module, a soil fertility assessment module, a fertilization management module, a water utilization assessment module and a nutrient element dynamic adjustment module; The soil moisture monitoring module is used to divide the soybean-growing farmland into several sub-areas, monitor and record the soil moisture data of each sub-area, set a moisture threshold, obtain soil moisture data sets at different depths, and generate a soil moisture index using the soil data sets of each sub-area. If the soil moisture index is much greater than or much less than the moisture threshold, the first alarm is issued; The soil fertility assessment module is used to collect the nutrient ion content data in the soil of each sub-area when the first alarm is issued, evaluate the content of the main nutrient elements in the soil, generate the nutrient concentration coefficient, collect the nutrient element demand data of soybeans, and use the nutrient concentration coefficient and the collected nutrient requirement data to comprehensively generate the soil fertility coefficient; The fertilization management module is used to compare the nutrient ion content data in the soil of the sub-area with the demand data for nutrient elements, screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements, and use the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the fertilizer amount data required for soybeans; The water utilization evaluation module is used to control the fertilizer amount to remain unchanged according to the obtained data on the amount of fertilizer required for soybeans, change the irrigation flow rate, record the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates at the same time, compare it with the moisture content threshold, select the soil moisture content data closest to the moisture content threshold, and calculate the water utilization rate of soybeans; The nutrient element dynamic adjustment module is used to control the appropriate irrigation flow rate according to the utilization rate of water by soybeans, record the change in the nutrient element content in the soil, and compare it with the nutrient element demand data of soybeans to obtain the nutrient element with the largest change, and change the nutrient element ratio in the fertilizer according to the nutrient element with the largest change; The fertilization system is used to perform the following soybean fertilization method, which specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: Divide the soybean-growing farmland into several sub-areas, monitor and record the soil moisture data of each sub-area, set the moisture threshold, obtain the soil moisture data set at different depths, and use the soil data set of each sub-area to generate a soil moisture index. If the soil moisture index is much greater than or much less than the moisture threshold, the first alarm is issued; Step 2: When the first alarm is issued, the nutrient ion content data in the soil of each sub-area is collected, the content of the main nutrient elements in the soil is evaluated, the nutrient concentration coefficient is generated, the nutrient requirement data of soybeans is collected, and the soil fertility coefficient is generated by combining the nutrient concentration coefficient and the collected nutrient requirement data; Step 3: Compare the nutrient ion content data in the soil of the sub-area with the nutrient element demand data, screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements, and use the generated soil fertility coefficient to calibrate the screened nutrient element data to obtain the fertilizer amount data required for soybeans; Step 4: Based on the required fertilizer amount data for soybeans, the fertilizer amount is kept constant, the irrigation flow rate is changed, the soil moisture data at different irrigation rates at the same time are recorded, and compared with the moisture content threshold, the soil moisture data closest to the moisture content threshold is selected, and the water utilization rate of soybeans is calculated; Step 5: According to the utilization rate of water by soybeans, control the appropriate irrigation flow rate unchanged, record the change in the content of nutrient elements in the soil, and compare it with the data on the demand for nutrient elements by soybeans to obtain the nutrient element with the largest change. According to the nutrient element with the largest change, change the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer; The data set of soil moisture content at different depths was obtained by taking the same volume of surface soil, deep soil and soil at the same level as the soybean root system, weighing the wet weight and dry weight of the soil at three different depths, calculating the soil moisture content at three different depths, and setting the soil moisture content data at the same horizontal depth as the soybean root system in combination with the soil volume as the moisture content threshold. The formula used is: M c =(m s -m g )*lnH c M a =(m s -m g )*ln(H c +15) M b =(m s -m g )*ln(H c -15) Among them, M c 、M a 、M b Respectively represent the water content data of the same horizontal soil, deep soil, and surface soil under the same volume, m s 、m g Represents soil wet weight and soil dry weight, H c Indicates the soil depth at the same level as the soybean root system, h c Indicates the water content threshold, V c Indicates the volume of soil at the same level; The soil moisture index is generated using the soil data set of each sub-region, based on the following formula: Among them, Z b represents the soil moisture index, V represents the volume of soil in equal volume; The content of main nutrient elements in the soil is evaluated and the nutrient concentration coefficient is generated. The specific method is as follows: nutrient samples are collected from the soil of each sub-area, and the ion content of the main nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is detected by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The nutrient concentration coefficient is generated according to the concentration of the three nutrient ions in equal volumes of soil. The specific logic is as follows: Among them, R(c N , c P , c K ) represents the nutrient concentration coefficient in the soil, c N 、c P 、c K Respectively represent the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient ions in equal volumes of soil, V N 、V P 、V K represents an equal volume of sampled soil; Collect the data on the nutritional elements required by soybeans, and use the nutrient concentration coefficient and the collected nutritional requirements to comprehensively generate the soil fertility coefficient. The specific logic is as follows: Among them, F l represents the soil fertility coefficient, c N ′、c P ′、c K ' represents the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ions in the same volume of soil at the same horizontal depth as the root system of the planted soybean. Indicates the nutritional requirements data collected; The generated soil fertility coefficient is used to calibrate the selected nutrient element data to obtain the required fertilizer amount data for soybeans. The specific method is: screen out relatively lacking or redundant elements, the method is: calculate the deviation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, judge the size of the deviation of the three elements, introduce the deviation threshold to judge whether the maximum deviation is significant, and the specific logic is: Δc x =m a x{ΔN,ΔP,ΔK} Among them, ΔN, ΔP, and ΔK represent the element deviations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively, and Δc x Indicates the relatively missing or redundant elements that are screened out, Q indicates the specific logic of the type of elements screened out, and N ed represents the required fertilizer amount data for soybean, and T represents the element deviation threshold; The soil moisture data at different irrigation rates are compared with the moisture threshold, and the soil moisture data closest to the moisture threshold is selected to calculate the water utilization rate of soybeans. The specific logic is as follows: ΔL=min{(|h c -v k *t|),(|h c -v m *t|),(|h c -v y *t|)} Among them, ΔL represents the soil moisture content data closest to the moisture content threshold, δ represents the utilization rate of water by soybeans, and v k *t,v k *t,v y *t represents the soil moisture content under fast rate irrigation, slow rate irrigation and uniform rate irrigation, t represents the same irrigation time, m s -m g Represents the total soil water content at constant volume; According to the element with the largest change in nutrient element, the proportion of nutrient elements in the fertilizer is changed. The specific method is as follows: The specific logic for calculating the nutrient element with the largest change is: Δc x ′=max{Δc1,Δc2,Δc3} N bl =N ed +Δc x ′ Among them, N bl Indicates the amount of fertilizer after adjusting the element ratio, Δc x ′ represents the nutrient element with the largest change, Δc1, Δc2, and Δc3 represent the changes in the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient ions contained in equal volumes of soil at the same irrigation flow rate, respectively. They represent the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ions in equal volumes of soil at the same irrigation flow rate.

2. The application of a soybean fertilization system containing a fertilization management module in soybean planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The soybean fertilization system is used to monitor the soil moisture content of each sub-area.

3. The application of a soybean fertilization system containing a fertilization management module in soybean planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soybean fertilization system is used to monitor the nutrient ion content in the soil, understand the concentration of the main nutrient elements in the soil in real time, and evaluate the nutritional status of the soil.

4. The application of a soybean fertilization system containing a fertilization management module in soybean planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soybean fertilization system is used to monitor and adjust soil nutrient conditions in real time.

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