Method for improving growth rate of citrus breeding material

Abstract

The invention provides a method for increasing the growth rate of a citrus breeding material, and relates to the field of agricultural science. The method for improving the growth rate of the citrus breeding material comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality seedlings, and selecting citrus seedlings with excellent hereditary characteristics as the breeding material; the soil environment is optimized, the soil structure is improved, and the soil organic matter content is increased; nutrition management: formulating a scientific fertilization scheme including the proportion and the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements; according to the application of the growth regulator, the plant growth regulator is used for promoting cell division and elongation; disease and pest control: combining biological control and chemical control to control the occurrence of diseases and pests, and regularly monitoring the disease and pest conditions; environment regulation and control: temperature, humidity and illumination conditions are controlled, and a suitable growth environment is created. A scientific fertilization scheme is formulated according to the soil nutrient condition and the nutritional requirements of the citrus, and sufficient nutrients are ensured to be obtained in each growth stage, so that the growth rate is remarkably increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of agricultural science and technology, and in particular to a method for improving the growth rate of citrus breeding materials. Background Art

[0002] As one of the world's important economic crops, citrus cultivation and breeding techniques have always attracted much attention in the agricultural field. With the continuous increase in market demand, improving the yield and quality of citrus has become the core goal of the breeding and planting process. However, traditional citrus breeding and planting methods have many problems, which restrict the growth rate and yield increase of citrus.

[0003] First, in terms of seedling selection, traditional methods rely more on experience and judgment, and lack scientific genetic testing and phenotypic screening, resulting in uneven seedling quality and limited growth potential. Secondly, soil management has always been a difficult problem in citrus cultivation. Problems such as insufficient soil fertility, poor structure, and inappropriate pH are common, which seriously affect the development of citrus roots and the absorption of nutrients. In addition, improper nutrition management is also an important factor restricting citrus growth. Traditional fertilization methods often have problems such as unbalanced fertilization and low fertilizer utilization rate, resulting in citrus being unable to obtain sufficient nutrients during the critical growth stage. In terms of disease and pest control, although traditional chemical control methods can effectively control diseases and pests, the long-term use of highly toxic and high-residue pesticides not only causes serious pollution to the environment, but may also cause excessive pesticide residues in citrus fruits, affecting food safety. At the same time, environmental regulation is often neglected in traditional cultivation, and there is a lack of scientific management of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light, resulting in an unstable growth environment for citrus, affecting its normal growth and development.

[0004] In recent years, with the continuous development of biotechnology and agricultural science, some new technologies and methods have been introduced into citrus cultivation. However, most of the cited technologies remain in the theoretical research stage. In practical applications, there are problems such as complex operation and high cost, which make it difficult to promote them on a large scale in production. Therefore, technicians in this field provide a method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] 1. Technical issues to be solved

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials, which solves the problems of the existing methods being complex in operation, high in cost and unable to be better applied.

[0007] (II) Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials, comprising:

[0009] Select high-quality seedlings and citrus seedlings with excellent genetic characteristics as breeding materials, and select seedlings with strong disease resistance and high growth potential through gene detection technology;

[0010] Optimize soil environment, improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, use biochar and humic acid, and improve soil fertility and water retention capacity;

[0011] Nutrition management, formulate scientific fertilization plans, including the proportion and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and carry out precise fertilization during the critical growth period;

[0012] Application of growth regulators: Use plant growth regulators to promote cell division and elongation. During the seedling growth period, spray an appropriate amount of growth regulators regularly to promote root development and above-ground growth.

[0013] Pest and disease control: adopt a combination of biological and chemical control methods to control the occurrence of pests and diseases, use low-toxic and low-residue pesticides, regularly monitor pest and disease conditions, and take timely measures;

[0014] Environmental regulation: control temperature, humidity and light conditions to create a suitable growth environment.

[0015] A method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1. Select high-quality seedlings. Use high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence the genome of candidate seedlings, focusing on gene markers related to growth rate, disease resistance and stress resistance. In addition to genetic testing, phenotypic selection is also required to observe the root development, leaf color and thickness, and stem thickness of the seedlings. Select seedlings with well-developed root systems, dark green leaves, and thick stems. Refer to the family pedigree and historical growth data of the seedlings to select those seedlings that have performed well in previous experiments;

[0017] S2. Optimizing soil environment includes soil improvement, soil nutrient management, soil pH adjustment, soil moisture management, soil aeration improvement and soil microbial management;

[0018] Among them, soil improvement is carried out according to the actual properties of the soil. Clay soil is improved by mixing sand, applying farmyard manure or biological organic fertilizer; sandy soil needs to be mainly applied with organic fertilizer, supplemented by quick-acting fertilizer, in small amounts and multiple times. Holes of equal depth are expanded outside the planting ditch to improve the soil to facilitate root growth. The effective soil layer thickness reaches more than 60 cm by converting slopes into terraces to gather soil, adding soil with imported soil engineering, lowering the groundwater level to activate deep soil, breaking the underground isolation layer to utilize the lower soil, and deep application of organic fertilizer to improve soil structure.

[0019] Soil nutrient management: by adding organic fertilizers, including well-rotted farmyard manure or green manure, increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil fertility, sowing green manure between the rows of citrus orchards to increase soil organic matter and soil microorganisms, and using organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to supplement soil nutrients;

[0020] Soil pH adjustment, using lime to neutralize the soil and reduce acidity, and ammonium sulfate to lower the soil pH;

[0021] Soil moisture management: according to the water demand of citrus, reasonably control the irrigation amount and irrigation time to keep the soil moist;

[0022] Improve soil aeration by using tillage and soil cultivation. When tilling, the depth should be 10 to 15 cm. Use rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, green manure and weeds for mulching at a thickness of 10 to 20 cm, and keep a distance of 30 to 50 cm from the main trunk to achieve the effect of cooling and moisturizing the soil.

[0023] Soil microorganism management: Use biological organic fertilizers to increase the abundance and activity of soil microorganisms, improve the ecological balance and stress resistance of the root zone, and sow grass seeds between the rows of citrus orchards. When they grow to a certain size, cut them short and press them into the soil to increase soil organic matter and soil microorganisms.

[0024] S3. Nutrition management, formulate scientific fertilization plan, including the proportion and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and carry out precise fertilization during the budding period, flowering period and fruit expansion period;

[0025] Bud stage: Apply 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 8 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote the growth of roots and branches and leaves;

[0026] Flowering period: add 8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 3 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote flowering and fruit setting;

[0027] During the fruit expansion period, add 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 2 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 3 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote fruit expansion and improve quality;

[0028] S4. Application of growth regulators, gibberellins and cytokinins were selected to promote the growth of citrus seedlings. During the seedling growth period, a mixture of gibberellins and cytokinins was sprayed every two weeks at concentrations of 50ppm and 100ppm, respectively;

[0029] S5. Pest control, by using biological control and chemical control in combination, releasing ladybugs to control aphids in the early stage, using Bacillus thuringiensis to control lepidopteran pests, and then spraying imidacloprid and avermectin benzoate once a month to control aphids and mites, and regularly monitoring the pest situation and handling it in a timely manner;

[0030] S6. Environmental control: Plant in a greenhouse or shed, control the temperature between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, and the humidity between 60% and 80%. When there is insufficient sunlight, use artificial lighting to ensure that the daily lighting time is no less than 12 hours.

[0031] (III) Beneficial effects

[0032] The present invention provides a method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. In the present invention, the problem of slow growth of citrus is systematically solved by comprehensive measures such as selecting high-quality seedlings, optimizing the soil environment, scientifically managing nutrition and applying growth regulators. According to the soil nutrient status and the nutritional needs of citrus, a scientific fertilization plan is formulated to ensure sufficient nutrients at each growth stage, thereby significantly improving the growth rate.

[0034] 2. In the present invention, through scientific pest and disease control and environmental regulation measures, the disease resistance of citrus is significantly improved, the occurrence of diseases is reduced, the growth environment is optimized and pest and disease control measures are implemented, so that the survival rate of citrus is greatly improved.

[0035] 3. In the present invention, by reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the pollution to soil and water sources is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials, comprising:

[0039] Select high-quality seedlings and citrus seedlings with excellent genetic characteristics as breeding materials, and select seedlings with strong disease resistance and high growth potential through gene detection technology;

[0040] Optimize soil environment, improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, use biochar and humic acid, and improve soil fertility and water retention capacity;

[0041] Nutrition management, formulate scientific fertilization plans, including the proportion and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and carry out precise fertilization during the critical growth period;

[0042] Application of growth regulators: Use plant growth regulators to promote cell division and elongation. During the seedling growth period, spray an appropriate amount of growth regulators regularly to promote root development and above-ground growth.

[0043] Pest and disease control: adopt a combination of biological and chemical control methods to control the occurrence of pests and diseases, use low-toxic and low-residue pesticides, regularly monitor pest and disease conditions, and take timely measures;

[0044] Environmental regulation: control temperature, humidity and light conditions to create a suitable growth environment.

[0045] A method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. Select high-quality seedlings. Use high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence the genome of candidate seedlings, focusing on gene markers related to growth rate, disease resistance and stress resistance. In addition to genetic testing, phenotypic selection is also required to observe the root development, leaf color and thickness, and stem thickness of the seedlings. Select seedlings with well-developed root systems, dark green leaves, and thick stems. Refer to the family pedigree and historical growth data of the seedlings to select those seedlings that have performed well in previous experiments;

[0047] S2. Optimizing soil environment includes soil improvement, soil nutrient management, soil pH adjustment, soil moisture management, soil aeration improvement and soil microbial management;

[0048] Among them, soil improvement is carried out according to the actual properties of the soil. Clay soil is improved by mixing sand, applying farmyard manure or biological organic fertilizer; sandy soil needs to be mainly applied with organic fertilizer, supplemented by quick-acting fertilizer, in small amounts and multiple times. Holes of equal depth are expanded outside the planting ditch to improve the soil to facilitate root growth. The effective soil layer thickness reaches more than 60 cm by converting slopes into terraces to gather soil, adding soil with imported soil engineering, lowering the groundwater level to activate deep soil, breaking the underground isolation layer to utilize the lower soil, and deep application of organic fertilizer to improve soil structure.

[0049] Soil nutrient management: by adding organic fertilizers, including well-rotted farmyard manure or green manure, increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil fertility, sowing green manure between the rows of citrus orchards to increase soil organic matter and soil microorganisms, and using organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to supplement soil nutrients;

[0050] Soil pH adjustment, using lime to neutralize the soil and reduce acidity, and ammonium sulfate to lower the soil pH;

[0051] Soil moisture management: According to the water demand of citrus, reasonably control the irrigation amount and irrigation time to keep the soil moist;

[0052] Improve soil aeration by using tillage and soil cultivation. When tilling, the depth should be 10 to 15 cm. Use rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, green manure and weeds for mulching at a thickness of 10 to 20 cm, and keep a distance of 30 to 50 cm from the main trunk to achieve the effect of cooling and moisturizing the soil.

[0053] Soil microorganism management: Use biological organic fertilizers to increase the abundance and activity of soil microorganisms, improve the ecological balance and stress resistance of the root zone, and sow grass seeds between the rows of citrus orchards. When they grow to a certain size, cut them short and press them into the soil to increase soil organic matter and soil microorganisms.

[0054] S3. Nutrition management, formulate scientific fertilization plan, including the proportion and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and carry out precise fertilization during the budding period, flowering period and fruit expansion period;

[0055] Bud stage: Apply 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 8 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote the growth of roots and branches and leaves;

[0056] Flowering period: add 8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 3 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote flowering and fruit setting;

[0057] During the fruit expansion period, add 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 2 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 3 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote fruit expansion and improve quality;

[0058] S4. Application of growth regulators, gibberellins and cytokinins were selected to promote the growth of citrus seedlings. During the seedling growth period, a mixture of gibberellins and cytokinins was sprayed every two weeks at concentrations of 50ppm and 100ppm, respectively;

[0059] S5. Pest control, by using biological control and chemical control in combination, releasing ladybugs to control aphids in the early stage, using Bacillus thuringiensis to control lepidopteran pests, and then spraying imidacloprid and avermectin benzoate once a month to control aphids and mites, and regularly monitoring the pest situation and handling it in a timely manner;

[0060] S6. Environmental control: Plant in a greenhouse or shed, control the temperature between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, and the humidity between 60% and 80%. When there is insufficient sunlight, use artificial lighting to ensure that the daily lighting time is no less than 12 hours.

[0061] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials, characterized in that: include: Select high-quality seedlings and citrus seedlings with excellent genetic characteristics as breeding materials, and select seedlings with strong disease resistance and high growth potential through gene detection technology; Optimize soil environment, improve soil structure, increase soil organic matter content, use biochar and humic acid, and improve soil fertility and water retention capacity; Nutrition management, formulate scientific fertilization plans, including the proportion and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and carry out precise fertilization during the critical growth period; Application of growth regulators: Use plant growth regulators to promote cell division and elongation. During the seedling growth period, spray an appropriate amount of growth regulators regularly to promote root development and above-ground growth. Pest and disease control: adopt a combination of biological and chemical control methods to control the occurrence of pests and diseases, use low-toxic and low-residue pesticides, regularly monitor pest and disease conditions, and take timely measures; Environmental regulation: control temperature, humidity and light conditions to create a suitable growth environment.

2. A method for increasing the growth rate of citrus breeding materials, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select high-quality seedlings. Use high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence the genome of candidate seedlings, focusing on gene markers related to growth rate, disease resistance and stress resistance. In addition to genetic testing, phenotypic selection is also required to observe the root development, leaf color and thickness, and stem thickness of the seedlings. Select seedlings with well-developed root systems, dark green leaves, and thick stems. Refer to the family pedigree and historical growth data of the seedlings to select those seedlings that have performed well in previous experiments; S2. Optimizing soil environment includes soil improvement, soil nutrient management, soil pH adjustment, soil moisture management, soil aeration improvement and soil microbial management; Among them, soil improvement is carried out according to the actual properties of the soil. Clay soil is improved by mixing sand, applying farmyard manure or biological organic fertilizer; sandy soil needs to be mainly applied with organic fertilizer, supplemented by quick-acting fertilizer, in small amounts and multiple times. Holes of equal depth are expanded outside the planting ditch to improve the soil to facilitate root growth. The effective soil layer thickness reaches more than 60 cm by converting slopes into terraces to gather soil, adding soil with imported soil engineering, lowering the groundwater level to activate deep soil, breaking the underground isolation layer to utilize the lower soil, and deep application of organic fertilizer to improve soil structure. Soil nutrient management: by adding organic fertilizers, including well-rotted farmyard manure or green manure, increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil fertility, sowing green manure between the rows of citrus orchards to increase soil organic matter and soil microorganisms, and using organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers to supplement soil nutrients; Soil pH adjustment, using lime to neutralize the soil and reduce acidity, and ammonium sulfate to lower the soil pH; Soil moisture management: according to the water demand of citrus, reasonably control the irrigation amount and irrigation time to keep the soil moist; Improve soil aeration by using tillage and soil cultivation. When tilling, the depth should be 10 to 15 cm. Use rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, green manure and weeds for mulching at a thickness of 10 to 20 cm, and keep a distance of 30 to 50 cm from the main trunk to achieve the effect of cooling and moisturizing the soil. Soil microorganism management: Use biological organic fertilizers to increase the abundance and activity of soil microorganisms, improve the ecological balance and stress resistance of the root zone, and sow grass seeds between the rows of citrus orchards. When they grow to a certain size, cut them short and press them into the soil to increase soil organic matter and soil microorganisms. S3. Nutrition management, formulate scientific fertilization plan, including the proportion and application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements, and carry out precise fertilization during the budding period, flowering period and fruit expansion period; Bud stage: Apply 10 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 5 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 8 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote the growth of roots and branches and leaves; Flowering period: add 8 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 3 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 5 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote flowering and fruit setting; During the fruit expansion period, add 5 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 2 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, and 3 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu to promote fruit expansion and improve quality; S4. Application of growth regulators, gibberellins and cytokinins were selected to promote the growth of citrus seedlings. During the seedling growth period, a mixture of gibberellins and cytokinins was sprayed every two weeks at concentrations of 50ppm and 100ppm, respectively; S5. Pest control, by using biological control and chemical control in combination, releasing ladybugs to control aphids in the early stage, using Bacillus thuringiensis to control lepidopteran pests, and then spraying imidacloprid and avermectin benzoate once a month to control aphids and mites, and regularly monitoring the pest situation, and Time processing; S6. Environmental control: Plant in a greenhouse or shed, control the temperature between 20 and 30 degrees Celsius, and the humidity between 60% and 80%. When there is insufficient sunlight, use artificial lighting to ensure that the daily lighting time is no less than 12 hours.