Lycium barbarum root rot control method and Lycium barbarum plant cultivated by using same

Abstract

The invention provides a Chinese wolfberry root rot prevention and treatment method and a Chinese wolfberry plant cultivated by adopting the method. The method comprises the following steps: selecting a wild or semi-wild wolfberry plant with root rot resistance as a stock; chinese wolfberry plants suitable for local planting are selected as scions; grafting the scion to the stock in a grafting manner to form a grafted plant; and cultivating the grafted plant until the grafted plant grows robustly. The Chinese wolfberry root rot prevention and treatment method is high in grafting survival rate and easy to operate, Chinese wolfberry grafted seedlings can be produced on a large scale, compared with a conventional agent for root rot prevention and treatment, the effect is good, the use amount of pesticide is reduced, pollution to the environment and products is avoided, yield increase and product export are facilitated, and sustainable, green and organic development of the industry is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wolfberry cultivation, and in particular to a method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot and wolfberry plants cultivated by adopting the method. Background Art

[0003] Lycium barbarum root rot is caused by a variety of pathogenic Fusarium spp. and is a typical soil-borne disease. The pathogen can directly invade the plant body through wounds or epidermis, and can survive in the soil for a long time, making it difficult to cure. Lycium barbarum root rot mainly harms the main root of Lycium barbarum, and gradually spreads to the branches and trunks, destroying the vascular tissue, resulting in obstruction of the transportation of water and nutrients, and eventually causing the plant to dry up and die.

[0005] At present, the means of preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot are relatively limited. Although chemical agents are mainly used for prevention and control in production, the overall prevention and control effect is poor, and excessive reliance on chemical pesticides can easily lead to drug resistance in pathogens, making the disease worse. At the same time, excessive use of chemical pesticides will also cause environmental pollution and excessive pesticide residues in products, which not only directly harms human health, but also affects the export of wolfberry products.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a more economical, effective and safe method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to solve the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot and wolfberry plants cultivated by using the method.

[0008] A method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot, comprising: Select wild or semi-wild wolfberry plants with root rot resistance as rootstocks; Select wolfberry plants suitable for local cultivation as scion; Grafting the scion onto the rootstock to form a grafted plant; The grafted plants are cultivated until they grow robustly.

[0009] Furthermore, in the method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot as described above, the grafting comprises: (a) Make a downward oblique cut on the rootstock to form a rootstock wound deep into the wood, and scrape off the epidermis on the back of the rootstock wound; (b) Make an upward oblique cut on the scion to form a scion wound deep into the wood, and scrape off the epidermis on the back of the scion wound to ensure that the stock wound and the scion wound are at the same level; (c) embedding the wound of the scion into the wound of the rootstock so that the wound surfaces of the two are closely aligned; (d) Use grafting tape to tightly wrap the rootstock wound and the scion wound to ensure close contact and healing of the wounds; (e) fixing the grafting site with a grafting clip to form the grafted plant.

[0010] Furthermore, in the method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot as described above, a downward oblique cut of 30° is made at a height of 10 cm to 15 cm of the rootstock to form a rootstock wound with a length of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, in the wolfberry root rot prevention and control method as described above, the scion is cut upward at an angle of 30° at a height of 10 cm to 15 cm to form a scion wound with a length of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm.

[0012] Furthermore, in the method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot as described above, the rootstock has a root system.

[0013] Furthermore, in the wolfberry root rot prevention and control method as described above, the scion has a root system.

[0014] Furthermore, in the method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot as described above, the rootstock is cultivated by seed tray seedling cultivation, and when the seedling grows to the 3-4 leaf stage, it is transplanted into a nutrient pot; the scion is cultivated by softwood cutting seedling cultivation; When the stem thickness of the cultivated rootstock and scion reaches 0.25 cm, grafting is carried out.

[0015] A wolfberry plant cultivated by any of the above methods, wherein the wolfberry plant exhibits significant resistance to root rot.

[0016] The wolfberry plant as described above is suitable for large-scale planting in Qinghai and other areas with similar climatic conditions.

[0017] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Significantly improve the grafting survival rate: By optimizing the grafting technology, ensuring the formation of the maximum wound contact surface between the rootstock and the scion (up to 3 contact surfaces), this innovative design greatly promotes the wound healing process, thereby significantly improving the survival rate of wolfberry grafting.

[0018] 2. Enhanced nutrient supply and water retention: Since both the rootstock and the scion maintain intact root systems, they can provide nutrients normally and are not prone to water loss after grafting. This feature is not only conducive to rapid wound healing, but also promotes the robust growth of grafted seedlings, creating favorable conditions for subsequent production increases and exports.

[0019] 3. Reduce environmental pollution and pesticide use: By improving the grafting survival rate, the method of the present invention indirectly reduces the amount of pesticides used due to diseases, thereby reducing pollution to the environment, which is in line with the current development trend of green and organic agriculture.

[0020] 4. Promote the sustainable development of the wolfberry industry: The implementation of the present invention not only improves the yield and quality of wolfberries, but also provides strong support for the sustainable development of the wolfberry industry. By reducing the dependence on chemical pesticides, it promotes the green transformation of the industry, enhances the market competitiveness of products, and lays a solid foundation for the export of wolfberries and the expansion of the international market. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of scion processing in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of stock processing in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wolfberry grafting process in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of wolfberry grafting completed in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grafted wolfberry seedlings that survived Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the grafted surviving wolfberry seedlings according to Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Embodiment 1:

[0024] Step 1: Select young branches of high-yield, high-quality wolfberry varieties suitable for local cultivation.

[0025] Step 2: Choose a wolfberry variety with strong disease resistance, collect mature fruits of the rootstock wolfberry in the previous year, and select seeds with full grains.

[0026] Step 3: Choose a solar greenhouse or smart greenhouse, which must have moisture retention, heat preservation and shading conditions.

[0027] Step 4: Rootstock seedling cultivation Choose a seedling tray with a hole diameter of 6cm×6cm (32 holes) or a hole diameter of 4.8cm×4.8cm (50 holes), select a special seedling cultivation substrate, sow 3 seeds per hole, sow to a depth of 1.0cm, cover the substrate and water thoroughly. Seedling cultivation time is between May and September.

[0028] Step 5: Transplant the rootstock into a nutrient pot when it is in the 4-leaf stage. Choose a nutrient pot of 10cm×9cm. Mix the nutrient soil with commercial seedling medium and sand in a 1:1 ratio. Transplant one plant in each nutrient pot.

[0029] Step 6: Choose a seedling tray with a 6cm×6cm aperture (32 holes) and a special matrix for seedling cultivation.

[0030] Step 7: Take the vigorous, pest-free, semi-lignified tender branches of the year from the pure and healthy wolfberry mother trees, and cut the cuttings. Avoid direct sunlight when cutting the cuttings, and it is better to do it in the shade indoors. The cuttings are 10cm long and 0.4cm in diameter. The upper incision is cut flat, and the lower incision is cut into a horseshoe shape. The distance between the upper and lower incisions and the leaf buds is 0.5cm to 1.0cm. The cuts are smooth to prevent cracking, and the lower 2 / 3 leaves are removed, and the 3 upper leaves are retained. Cut off 1 / 3 of the large leaves. Use rooting powder (100mg / kg~200mg / kg) or naphthaleneacetic acid (50mg / kg~150mg / kg) to soak the lower end of the cuttings 2cm~3cm for 2h~3h, and cut them immediately after treatment.

[0031] Step 8: Carry out softwood cuttings from June to September. Spray the seedbed with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution or 600 times dilution of carbendazim to disinfect it 1 day before cutting. Cut one plant per hole, with a cutting depth of 4cm. Insert the cuttings dipped in rooting agent into the substrate, fill with fine sand, press it slightly with your fingers, and then spray a small amount of water to keep the soil moisture at about 65%.

[0032] Step 9: During the rooting period, the indoor humidity is maintained at 85%, so that the leaf surface always maintains a layer of water film, the seedbed temperature is between 20℃ and 28℃, and the maximum temperature does not exceed 38℃. Avoid water accumulation in the seedbed. During the rooting period, the greenhouse is covered with shade nets, and the light transmittance is controlled at 40% to 60%.

[0033] Step 10: 20 days after cutting is the concentrated rooting period. After the rooting period, proper ventilation should be provided. When the seedlings are over 25 cm tall, the seedlings are managed routinely.

[0034] Step 11: Transplant the scion into a nutrient pot when it is in the 3-leaf stage. Choose a nutrient pot of 10cm×9cm. Mix the nutrient soil with commercial seedling medium and sand in a 1:1 ratio. Transplant one plant in each nutrient pot.

[0035] Step 12: When the seedling is 30cm tall, select one upright, strong-growing branch as the main trunk, cut off the remaining sprouting branches, and promptly remove and cut off other side buds and branches. When the seedling is 60cm tall, top it.

[0036] Step 13: Start grafting when the stem thickness is more than 0.25 cm, 5.0 cm above the ground of the rootstock and scion.

[0037] Step 14: Choose a 18cm×11cm nutrient pot, and transplant one rootstock and one scion into each pot. Do not damage the roots of the plants during the transplanting process. Cover and compact the soil after transplanting, and water in time to slow down the growth of the seedlings. Transplanting should be completed 1 day before grafting.

[0038] Step 15: Choose a solar greenhouse or smart greenhouse for grafting. Use sharp blades or medical scalpels for grafting, and replace them in time when the blades are blunt. The operator's hands and grafting knives should be disinfected with alcohol or potassium permanganate solution several times during the grafting process to avoid cross-infection of bacteria. At the same time, it should be noted that the hands and blades should not touch the incision until they are dry after disinfection, otherwise it will be difficult to heal the incision after contact with water or liquid medicine.

[0039] Grafting method Make a 30° cut at a depth of 0.9 cm down to the xylem at a height of 12 cm, and scrape the epidermis on the back of the wound with a knife ( Figure 2 ); At a height of 12 cm, cut the scion upward at a 30° angle, 0.9 cm deep into the wood, and scrape the epidermis on the back of the wound with a knife ( Figure 1 ), the wounds of the rootstock and scion are at the same level; then the wound of the scion is embedded in the wound of the rootstock, and the wound surfaces of the two are aligned ( Figure 3 ), then wrap the wound with grafting tape and fix it with a grafting clip ( Figure 4 ).

[0040] Step 17: Place the grafted wolfberry seedlings neatly on the seedling rack. Water in time to keep the nutrient soil moist. The temperature and light should be the same as those for normal wolfberry seedling management. The grafted seedlings can survive after 35 days. Later, cut the scion 1.5cm below the grafting point and remove the stem and root system. Cut the head 1.5cm above the grafting point. The rootstock and scion lateral buds grow extremely fast ( Figure 5 , Figure 6 ), remove the side buds in time to promote the growth and development of the scion. Plant the surviving grafted seedlings as soon as possible and remove the clips after the seedlings have grown.

[0041] Embodiment 2: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in the grafting measures, a wound 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut at a 30° angle downward at a height of 15 cm for the rootstock, and a wound 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut at a 30° angle upward at a height of 10 cm for the scion.

[0042] Embodiment 3: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in the grafting measures, a wound with a depth of 1.0 cm to the xylem is cut at a 30° angle downward at a height of 10 cm of the rootstock, and a wound with a depth of 1.0 cm to the xylem is cut at a 30° angle upward at a height of 15 cm of the scion.

[0043] Embodiment 4: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in the grafting measure, a wound of 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut downward at a 30° angle at a height of 5 cm on the rootstock, and a wound of 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut upward at a 30° angle at a height of 5 cm on the scion.

[0044] Embodiment 5: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in the grafting measure, a wound of 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut downward at a 30° angle at a height of 8 cm on the rootstock, and a wound of 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut upward at a 30° angle at a height of 5 cm on the scion.

[0045] Embodiment 6: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in the grafting measure, a wound with a depth of 1.0 cm to the xylem is cut downward at a 30° angle at a height of 20 cm on the rootstock, and a wound with a depth of 1.0 cm to the xylem is cut upward at a 30° angle at a height of 20 cm on the scion.

[0046] Embodiment 7: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in the grafting measure, a wound of 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut downward at a 30° angle at a height of 8 cm on the rootstock, and a wound of 0.8 cm deep to the xylem is cut upward at a 30° angle at a height of 8 cm on the scion.

[0047] Embodiment 8: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in step 2, the seeds are first soaked in 50% carbendazim for 2 hours, then rinsed with clean water for 4 times, and dried.

[0048] Embodiment 9: The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that in step 2, the seeds are first soaked in 0.1% potassium permanganate for 30 minutes, then rinsed with clean water for 4 times, and dried.

[0049] In Examples 2 and 3, since the grafting wounds of the stock and the scion are not at the same horizontal position, the scion wound is difficult to embed into the stock wound during grafting, and the wound surfaces of the two do not match, which can easily cause the stock or scion plant to break at the wound during the grafting operation. Therefore, the grafting wounds of the stock and the scion are preferably at the same horizontal position.

[0050] In Example 4, the rootstock and scion are grafted at a height of 5 cm. It should be taken into account that when transplanted in the field, 5 cm to 8 cm of the stem of the grafted seedlings are buried in the soil, and the wounds of the grafted seedlings are buried in the soil. The pathogens of root rot can be infected from the grafting wound or the scion, causing the occurrence of the disease. Therefore, the grafting site is more than 10 cm from the plant.

[0051] In Example 6, the stock and scion were grafted at a height of 20 cm. The higher the grafting position, the thinner the stem thickness, which is not conducive to the grafting operation. Even if the graft survives, the grafting wound is easily damaged during transportation, planting, and field management. Therefore, it is recommended that the grafting position be more than 15 cm above the plant.

[0052] Comparative Example 1: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example adopts the cleft grafting method (rootstock seedlings, scion twigs) to graft wolfberries, and its survival rate is counted.

[0053] Cleft grafting method (rootstock seedlings, scion twigs): Cut the seedling stock at 12 cm in height and remove the head, make a 0.9 cm cut vertically downward from the center of the cross section, and choose a 12 cm long twig in the nursery that has not yet become lignified and has the same stem thickness as the stock. Keep 3 true leaves on the upper part and cut the lower stem into a wedge shape with the size of the wedge corresponding to the incision of the stock. Insert the scion into the wound of the stock, then wrap the wound with special grafting tape and fix it with a grafting clamp.

[0054] Comparative Example 2: The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that this comparative example adopts the cleft grafting method (stock seedlings, scion cuttings) to graft wolfberries, and the survival rate is statistically analyzed, as shown in Table 1.

[0055] Cleft grafting method (rootstock seedlings, scion cuttings): cut the head of the seedling rootstock horizontally at 12 cm in height, and make a 0.9 cm wound vertically downward from the center of the cross section; select a branch with a stem thickness consistent with the rootstock stem thickness and a length of 12 cm from the scion propagated by cuttings, retain 3 true leaves on the upper part, and cut the lower stem into a wedge shape with the size of the wedge corresponding to the incision of the rootstock. Insert the scion into the wound of the rootstock, then wrap the wound with special grafting tape and fix it with a grafting clamp.

[0056] Table 1 Statistics of survival rates of different grafting methods

[0057] It can be seen from Table 1 that the method provided by the present invention can effectively improve the survival rate of wolfberry grafting, because: the stock and scion have the most contact surfaces (3 contact surfaces), the root systems of the two plants are intact, nutrients can be provided normally, and it is not easy to lose water after grafting, which is conducive to wound healing; if the method of comparative example 1 is used to graft wolfberry, the reason for its survival rate of 0 is: the scion uses a tender branch that has not yet become woody, and the stock has become lignified, the scion is prone to water loss and wilt, the stock and scion have only 2 contact surfaces for the wound, and the wounds of both are difficult to heal. The reason why the method of comparative example 2 is used to graft wolfberry and its survival rate is 35.3% is: the stock and scion have only 2 contact surfaces for the wound, the scion has no root system, only the stock provides nutrients, and the grafting wound heals slowly.

[0058] In summary, the method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot provided by the present invention has a high grafting success rate and is easy to operate. It can be used for large-scale production of wolfberry grafted seedlings, has better effects than conventional root rot prevention and control agents, reduces the amount of pesticides used, avoids pollution to the environment and products, is conducive to increased production and product exports, and promotes sustainable green and organic development of the industry.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot, characterized in that: include: Select wild or semi-wild wolfberry plants with root rot resistance as rootstocks; Select wolfberry plants suitable for local cultivation as scion; Grafting the scion onto the rootstock to form a grafted plant; The grafted plants are cultivated until they grow robustly.

2. The method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting comprises: (a) Make a downward oblique cut on the rootstock to form a rootstock wound deep into the wood, and scrape off the epidermis on the back of the rootstock wound; (b) Make an upward oblique cut on the scion to form a scion wound deep into the wood, and scrape off the epidermis on the back of the scion wound to ensure that the stock wound and the scion wound are at the same level; (c) embedding the wound of the scion into the wound of the rootstock so that the wound surfaces of the two are closely aligned; (d) Use grafting tape to tightly wrap the rootstock wound and the scion wound to ensure close contact and healing of the wounds; (e) fixing the grafting site with a grafting clip to form the grafted plant.

3. The method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: At a height of 10 cm to 15 cm of the stock, a downward oblique cut is made at an angle of 30° to form a stock wound with a length of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm.

4. The method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot according to claim 3, characterized in that: At a height of 10 cm to 15 cm of the scion, an upward oblique cut is made at an angle of 30° to form a scion wound with a length of 0.8 cm to 1.0 cm.

5. The method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rootstock has a root system.

6. The method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot according to claim 4, characterized in that: The scion has a root system.

7. The method for preventing and controlling wolfberry root rot according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rootstock is cultivated by seed tray seedling raising method, and when the seedling grows to 3-4 leaves, it is transplanted into a nutrient pot; the scion is cultivated by softwood cutting seedling raising method; When the stem thickness of the cultivated rootstock and scion reaches 0.25 cm, grafting is carried out.

8. A wolfberry plant cultivated by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The wolfberry plants showed significant resistance to root rot.

9. The wolfberry plant according to claim 8, characterized in that The wolfberry plants are suitable for large-scale planting in Qinghai and other areas with similar climatic conditions.

Images