European sweet cherry auxiliary cultivation frame and tree shape cultivation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of cultivation of European sweet cherries, and discloses an auxiliary cultivation frame for European sweet cherries and a tree-shaped cultivation method of the auxiliary cultivation frame for European sweet cherries. The steel frame shaped like the Chinese character'feng 'comprises a center vertical steel pipe, and a first steel pipe, a second steel pipe and a third steel pipe which are parallel to the ground are fixedly connected to the center vertical steel pipe in the height direction. And a first layer of steel wires, a second layer of steel wires, a third layer of steel wires and a fourth layer of steel wires are fixedly connected among the adjacent central upright steel pipes, the first steel pipes, the second steel pipes and the third steel pipes from bottom to top. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that datamation and standardization operation can be achieved in the whole process, the problem that fruit tree management is difficult to standard is truly solved, the consistency of the sweet cherry fruit quality is completed on the basis of standardization, and high commodity value is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of European sweet cherry cultivation, and specifically refers to an auxiliary cultivation frame for European sweet cherries and a tree shape cultivation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] European cherries are relatively tall arbors, and their wild species are distributed in the southern part of the Caucasus Mountains in northern Iran. In 1871, American missionary J.L. Nevius brought in the first batch of 10 varieties of sweet cherry and sour cherry seedlings, which were planted in the southeast mountain of Yantai, Shandong. By 2020, the planting area in China was 3.5 million mu, of which 2.5 million mu entered the fruiting period, with an annual output of 14 million tons. However, the tree shape management technology is relatively backward. The traditional tree shape of the main trunk layered shape is generally adopted for planting, and a small number of growers adopt the new tree shape for planting.

[0003] When the overall shape of the tree body is a cone or a hemisphere, it is easy to cause uneven light distribution on each branch, especially serious lack of light on the back and inner part of the tree body, resulting in uneven fruit coloring, inconsistent sugar content, fruit flavor, and maturity time on the same tree, low mu yield, poor fruit commerciality, etc. Such tree shapes occupy too much space in the plantation, and there is no enough working passage to ensure the mu yield, and it is difficult to use machinery such as tractors for fully mechanized operation.

[0004] Due to the free growth of the fruiting branch groups on the secondary branches and the lack of standardized management technology, coupled with the strong upper part of the sweet cherry tree, the technical requirements for balancing the tree potential in pruning are relatively high, the pruning technology is complex, and the technical requirements for management personnel in the operation are high, resulting in excessive dependence on technical personnel, increased labor costs, and difficulty in large-scale expanding the planting area.

[0005] For the UFO (upright main trunk shape) "one-wall" tree shape, since the main trunk tilts to one side and is basically parallel to the ground, the center of gravity of the whole tree is unstable, and it is easy to tilt or shake excessively when there is wind or the fruit is too heavy, affecting the contact between the root system and the soil. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the above technical difficulties and provide an auxiliary cultivation frame for European sweet cherries and a tree shape cultivation method thereof.

[0007] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution provided by the present invention is: an auxiliary cultivation frame for European sweet cherries, including not less than one "Feng" - shaped steel frame; the "Feng" - shaped steel frame includes a central vertical steel pipe, and the central vertical steel pipe is fixedly connected with a first steel pipe, a second steel pipe, and a third steel pipe parallel to the ground along the height direction. Between adjacent central vertical steel pipes, first steel pipes, second steel pipes, and third steel pipes, there are fixedly connected with a first layer of steel wire, a second layer of steel wire, a third layer of steel wire, and a fourth layer of steel wire respectively, which are arranged from bottom to top.

[0008] As an improvement, the height of the central vertical steel pipe is 300 - 400 cm, the length of the first steel pipe is 100 - 120 cm, and it is 100 cm from the ground. The length of the second steel pipe is 150 - 180 cm, and it is 150 cm from the ground. The length of the third steel pipe is 200 - 230 cm, and it is 200 cm from the ground.

[0009] As an improvement, the spacing between adjacent cross-shaped steel frames is 600 - 1000 cm.

[0010] A method for cultivating the tree shape of European sweet cherry includes the following steps:

[0011] S1. In October of the first autumn of cultivation, plant sweet cherry saplings, determine the trunk height and cultivate two secondary branches, and in September of the following year, perform horizontal pruning in the north-south direction, forming an angle of 10 - 20 degrees with the ground and tying them to the first layer of steel wire to complete the cultivation of the T-shaped trunk.

[0012] S2. In March of the second year, perform spring pruning. According to the required plant spacing, cut off the two ends of the trunk parallel to the ground of the T-shaped trunk. The length of a single parallel trunk is equal to 1 / 2 of the plant spacing. Remove the back buds of the parallel branches and activate the germination of lateral buds. The number of upright branches cultivated is determined according to the tree vigor of the rootstock. In September of the same year, perform horizontal pruning in the east-west direction and tie them to the second layer of steel wire.

[0013] S3. From the third year to the sixth year, perform spring pruning every March, and perform spring pruning and horizontal pruning management year by year. According to the tree vigor and fruit-bearing requirements, cultivate upright branches layer by layer and tie them to the corresponding layers of steel wire. Retain a certain length of pruning on each layer of upright branches to promote the re-germination of upright branches, and at the same time complete flower bud differentiation, and gradually realize the formation and renewal of the fruiting branch groups to ensure high and stable yields of the fruit trees.

[0014] S4. After entering the full fruit-bearing period in the seventh year, perform management of fruiting branch groups, management of the top branches of upright branches, management of upright branch renewal, and management of strong and vigorous branches of upright branches.

[0015] As an improvement, in S1, the determined trunk height in the first year of cultivation is 30 - 50 cm, and the length of the secondary branches is 100 - 150 cm.

[0016] As an improvement, in S2, the spacing between the germinated buds should be kept at 10 - 15 cm, and 12 - 20 upright branches are cultivated, with a length of 60 - 100 cm.

[0017] As an improvement, the specific cultivation steps in S3 from the third year to the sixth year include:

[0018] 1) When performing spring pruning in March of the third year, retain 10 - 20 cm of pruning on the second layer of steel wire for the V-shaped upright branches. New upright branches will germinate from the top of the upright branches, with a length of 60 - 80 cm. In September of the same year, tie them to the third layer of steel wire. The upright branches under the second layer of steel wire will complete flower bud differentiation to form flower buds in the same year.

[0019] 2) During the spring pruning in March of the fourth year, keep 10 to 20 cm of pruning branches on the third layer of steel wire of the V-shaped upright branches. Upright branches will sprout from the top of the upright branches, with a length of 60 to 80 cm. They will be tied to the fourth layer of steel wire in September of the same year. The upright branches between the second and third layers of steel wires will complete the differentiation of flower buds in the same year, and the upright branches under the second layer of steel wires will bear fruit, completing 1 / 3 of the production capacity.

[0020] 3) In the spring pruning in March of the fifth year, keep about 10 cm of the V-shaped upright branches on the fourth layer of steel wire, replace them with weak branches to weaken the upright branch heads and sprout upright branches with a length of 30 to 50 cm. The upright branches between the third and fourth layers of steel wires complete flower bud differentiation and form flower buds in the same year, and the upright branches under the third layer of steel wires bear fruit, completing 2 / 3 of the production capacity.

[0021] 4) In the spring pruning in March of the sixth year, choose a weak branch to lead the V-shaped upright branches between 10 and 20 cm above the fourth layer of steel wire, cut off the strong branches, and the fruiting branches under the second layer of steel wire. For the fruiting branches, use the one-bud-and-a-half-pruning and two-bud-pruning techniques to weaken the upright branch heads and then sprout upright branches with a length of about 30 cm. The upright branches will bear all fruits and enter the peak production period.

[0022] As an improvement, in S4:

[0023] 1) Fruiting branch group management:

[0024] The small lateral buds on the upright branches form three groups of fruiting branches, namely, bouquet-shaped fruiting branches, short fruiting branches, and long fruiting branches. The bouquet-shaped fruiting branches do not need to be pruned and can be allowed to bear fruit naturally. For the two types of fruiting branches, short fruiting branches and long fruiting branches, pruning is done before or after the flower buds, leaving one leaf bud and one hidden bud, or leaving two leaf buds. Pruning is done in March every year, and the cycle is repeated year after year. The length of the fruiting branches is controlled within 10 cm. In early May every year, the new branches of the year should be pinched once, leaving 5 to 7 leaves, and pinched again after the branches sprout again, or pinched once when the new branches of the year are 5 to 10 cm, and pinched again after the branches sprout again;

[0025] 2) Management of the top branches of upright branches: During the spring pruning in March every year, choose a weak leading branch between 10 and 20 cm above the fourth layer of steel wire of the V-shaped upright branches, and cut off the strong branches. After flowering, if there are forked branches, prune them again to keep a weak leading branch. Repeat this year after year.

[0026] 3) Upright branch renewal management:

[0027] 3 to 5 years after entering the peak production period, select 5% to 10% of the total branches for pruning in March each year, and choose upright branches with a 50% reduction in production for renewal. When renewing and pruning, at least one bud point at the base should be retained to promote new branches, and upright branches that have not reduced production by 50% should continue to remain in production.

[0028] 4) Management of upright and vigorous branches:

[0029] If the diameter of the new upright branches in May of the second year after planting exceeds 1 / 3 of the diameter of the parallel trunk, they are considered strong and vigorous branches. The new branches should be pruned back at a position with buds at 5 to 15 cm from the branches. The treatment of strong and vigorous branches in the future will be handled during the renewal management of upright branches.

[0030] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0031] (1) The cone, cone and hemispherical tree bodies are tied together on steel wires to form two V-shaped planes with secondary branches, which are convenient for uniform sunlight exposure, so as to achieve the goal of uniform fruit coloring, consistent sugar content and fruit flavor, consistent ripening time, high per-acre yield, good fruit products and high product value on the same tree. In addition, since the sun can directly hit the fruit surface from 6 to 10 o'clock in the morning and 3 to 7 o'clock in the afternoon, the synthesis of anthocyanins is increased, and the color change effect is better, and the direct sunlight on the fruit surface at noon is avoided to cause burns.

[0032] (2) For short and long fruiting branches, pruning should be done before or after the flower buds, leaving one leaf bud and one hidden bud, or leaving two leaf buds. Pruning should be done in March every year, and the process should be repeated year after year. The length of the fruiting branches should be controlled within 10 cm. In early May every year, the new branches of the year should be pinched once, leaving 5-7 leaves, and pinched again after the branches grow again. Alternatively, pinch the new branches of the year when they are 5-10 cm long, and pinch them again after the branches grow again. A standardized operation process is formed for the pruning management of the fruiting branch group, which reduces the dependence on technical personnel and is beneficial to reducing costs and large-scale planting.

[0033] (3) It takes up little space in the plantation, and while ensuring the per-acre yield, it also has a 200-centimeter-wide operating channel to facilitate the use of tractors and other machinery for fully mechanized operations.

[0034] (4) The use of T-shaped trunks solves the problem of unstable center of gravity, preventing the tree from tipping over or shaking excessively when there is wind or the fruit is too heavy, which affects the contact between the root system and the soil. At the same time, the T-shaped trunk is a trunkless type. The T-shaped trunk distributes nutrients to 10-20 upright branches at the same time, which helps to control the vigorous growth of sweet cherry trees and increase reproductive growth and flower bud differentiation.

[0035] (5) The top pruning of upright branches in March every spring will make the upright branches form a taper from bottom to top, which can reduce the ability to transport nutrients upward, thereby effectively controlling the problem of strong sweet cherry trees, solving the problem of empty space at the base of upright branches (no flower buds and leaf buds), and allowing the upright branches to form flower buds evenly from bottom to top.

[0036] (6) The cultivation and management process of the TV tree shape of sweet cherry can be fully digitized and standardized, which can truly solve the problem of difficulty in standardizing fruit tree management. Based on standardization, the consistency of sweet cherry fruit quality can be achieved, thus realizing high commodity value. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural view of an auxiliary cultivation rack for European sweet cherry of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 2 It is a front view structural view of the tree shape cultivated by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 3 It is a side view structural view of the tree shape cultivated by the present invention.

[0040] As shown in the figure: 1. Central upright steel pipe; 2. First steel pipe; 3. Second steel pipe; 4. Third steel pipe; 5. First layer of steel wire; 6. Second layer of steel wire; 7. Third layer of steel wire; 8. Fourth layer of steel wire. Detailed Embodiment

[0041] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Embodiment 1

[0043] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, an auxiliary cultivation rack for European sweet cherry includes not less than one cross-shaped steel frame, and the distance between adjacent cross-shaped steel frames is 600 cm;

[0044] The cross-shaped steel frame includes a central upright steel pipe 1, and the central upright steel pipe 1 is fixedly connected with a first steel pipe 2, a second steel pipe 3, and a third steel pipe 4 parallel to the ground along the height direction. Between the adjacent central upright steel pipe 1, first steel pipe 2, second steel pipe 3, and third steel pipe 4, there are fixedly connected with a first layer of steel wire 5, a second layer of steel wire 6, a third layer of steel wire 7, and a fourth layer of steel wire 8 respectively arranged from bottom to top. The height of the central upright steel pipe 1 is 300 cm, the length of the first steel pipe 2 is 100 cm, and it is 100 cm from the ground. The length of the second steel pipe 3 is 150 cm, and it is 150 cm from the ground. The length of the third steel pipe 4 is 200 cm, and it is 200 cm from the ground.

[0045] A method for cultivating the tree shape of European sweet cherry includes the following steps:

[0046] If the sweet cherry saplings are planted in October in autumn, then from October of that year to September of the next year is a complete cultivation year. If the sweet cherry saplings are planted in March in spring, then from March of that year to February of the next year is a complete cultivation year. In this patent of the present invention, the sweet cherry saplings are planted in October in autumn, and from October of that year to September of the next year is a complete cultivation year.

[0047] S1. In October of the first year of cultivation, sweet cherry saplings are planted, the trunk height is 30 cm, and two secondary branches are cultivated. The length of the secondary branches is 100 cm. In September of the following year, the branches are pulled in a north-south direction, forming an angle of 10 degrees with the ground and tied to the first layer of steel wire 5 to complete the cultivation of T-shaped trunks.

[0048] S2. Carry out spring pruning in March of the second year. According to the needs of plant spacing, cut off the ends of the T-shaped trunk and the trunk parallel to the ground. The length of a single parallel trunk is equal to 1 / 2 of the plant spacing. Wipe off the back buds of the parallel branches to activate the germination of side buds. The spacing between the germinating buds should be maintained at 10 cm. Cultivate 12 upright branches with a length of 60 cm. The number of upright branches cultivated is determined by the vigor of the rootstock. In September of the same year, pull the branches in an east-west direction and tie them to the second layer of steel wire 6.

[0049] S3. During the spring pruning in March of the third year, keep 10 cm of pruning branches on the second layer of steel wire 6 of the V-shaped upright branches, and the upright branches will sprout again at the top of the upright branches, with a length of 60 cm. They will be tied to the third layer of steel wire 7 in September of the same year. The upright branches under the second layer of steel wire 6 will complete the differentiation of flower buds and form flower buds in the same year.

[0050] During the spring pruning in March of the fourth year, 1 cm of pruning branches are retained on the third layer of steel wire 7 of the V-shaped upright branches. Upright branches with a length of 60 cm sprout from the top of the upright branches. They are tied to the fourth layer of steel wire 8 in September of the same year. The upright branches between the second to third layers of steel wire 7 complete the differentiation of flower buds that year, and the upright branches under the second layer of steel wire 6 bear fruit, completing 1 / 3 of the production capacity.

[0051] In the spring pruning in March of the fifth year, keep about 10 cm of the V-shaped upright branches on the fourth layer of steel wire 8 and replace them with weak branches to lead the way, so that the upright branch heads are weakened and then upright branches with a length of 30 cm are sprouted. The upright branches between the third and fourth layers of steel wire 8 complete the differentiation of flower buds in the same year, and the upright branches under the third layer of steel wire 7 bear fruit, completing 2 / 3 of the production capacity.

[0052] In the spring pruning in March of the sixth year, choose a weak branch to lead the V-shaped upright branches between 8 and 10 cm from the fourth layer of steel wire, cut off the strong branches, and the fruiting branches under the second layer of steel wire 6. For the fruiting branches, use the one-bud-and-a-half-pruning and two-bud-pruning techniques to weaken the upright branch heads and then sprout upright branches with a length of about 30 cm. The upright branches will bear all fruits and enter the peak production period.

[0053] S4. After entering the peak production period in the seventh year, carry out fruiting branch group management, upright branch top branch management, upright branch renewal management, and upright branch strengthening and vigorous branch management.

[0054] 1) Fruiting branch group management:

[0055] The small lateral buds on the upright branches form three types of fruiting branch groups: bouquet-shaped fruiting branches, short fruiting branches, and long fruiting branches. For the bouquet-shaped fruiting branches, no pruning is required, and they are allowed to bear fruit naturally. For the short fruiting branches and long fruiting branches, a pruning method of leaving one leaf bud and one latent bud or two leaf buds before or after the flower bud is adopted. Pruning is carried out in March every year, and this cycle repeats year after year. The length of the fruiting branches is controlled within 10 cm. In the first ten days of May each year, the new branches of the current year are pinched once when leaving 5 leaves, and then pinched again after re-branching, or pinched once when the new branches of the current year reach 5 cm, and then pinched again after re-branching.

[0056] 2) Management of the top branches of the upright branches: When carrying out spring pruning in March every year, select a weak branch as the leader among the 10 cm intervals on the fourth layer of steel wire 8 of the V-shaped upright branches, and cut off the strong and vigorous branches. If fork-shaped branches appear after flowering, prune again to retain one weak branch as the leader, and repeat this year after year.

[0057] 3) Renewal management of the upright branches:

[0058] After 3 to 5 years of entering the full fruiting period, when pruning in March every year, select 5% of the total number of branches, and select the upright branches with a 50% reduction in yield for renewal. When carrying out renewal pruning, at least retain one bud point at the base to promote the growth of new branches, and the upright branches without a 50% reduction in yield continue to be retained for production.

[0059] 4) Management of the strong and vigorous branches of the upright branches:

[0060] In May of the second year of planting, if the diameter of the newly grown upright branches exceeds 1 / 3 of the diameter of the parallel trunk, they are regarded as strong and vigorous branches. At a position about 5 cm from the base of the branch, select a position with a bud point and cut it short to re-grow new branches. The subsequent treatment of strong and vigorous branches is carried out during the renewal management of the upright branches.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] An auxiliary cultivation rack for European sweet cherries includes at least one cross-shaped steel frame, and the distance between adjacent cross-shaped steel frames is 1000 cm;

[0063] The cross-shaped steel frame includes a central upright steel pipe 1. Along the height direction on the central upright steel pipe 1, a first steel pipe 2, a second steel pipe 3, and a third steel pipe 4 parallel to the ground are fixedly connected. Between the adjacent central upright steel pipe 1, first steel pipe 2, second steel pipe 3, and third steel pipe 4, a first layer of steel wire 5, a second layer of steel wire 6, a third layer of steel wire 7, and a fourth layer of steel wire 8 are fixedly connected respectively, arranged from bottom to top. The height of the central upright steel pipe 1 is 400 cm, the length of the first steel pipe 2 is 120 cm, and it is 100 cm from the ground. The length of the second steel pipe 3 is 180 cm, and it is 150 cm from the ground. The length of the third steel pipe 4 is 230 cm, and it is 200 cm from the ground.

[0064] A method for cultivating the tree shape of European sweet cherries includes the following steps:

[0065] S1. In October of the first year of cultivation, sweet cherry saplings are planted, the trunk height is 50 cm, and two secondary branches are cultivated. The length of the secondary branches is 150 cm. In September of the following year, the branches are pulled in a north-south direction, forming an angle of 20 degrees with the ground and tied to the first layer of steel wire 5 to complete the cultivation of T-shaped trunks.

[0066] S2. Carry out spring pruning in March of the second year. According to the needs of plant spacing, cut off the ends of the T-shaped trunk and the trunk parallel to the ground. The length of a single parallel trunk is equal to 1 / 2 of the plant spacing. Wipe off the back buds of the parallel branches to activate the germination of side buds. The spacing between the germinating buds should be maintained at 15 cm. Cultivate 20 upright branches with a length of 100 cm. The number of upright branches cultivated is determined by the vigor of the rootstock. In September of the same year, pull the branches in an east-west direction and tie them to the second layer of steel wire 6.

[0067] S3. During the spring pruning in March of the third year, keep 20 cm of pruning branches on the second layer of steel wire 6 of the V-shaped upright branches, and the upright branches will sprout again at the top of the upright branches, with a length of 80 cm. They will be tied to the third layer of steel wire 7 in September of the same year. The upright branches under the second layer of steel wire 6 will complete the differentiation of flower buds and form flower buds in the same year.

[0068] During the spring pruning in March of the fourth year, 20 cm of pruning branches are retained on the third layer of steel wire 7 of the V-shaped upright branches, and upright branches with a length of 80 cm sprout from the top of the upright branches. In September of the same year, they are tied to the fourth layer of steel wire 8. The upright branches between the second to third layers of steel wire 7 complete the differentiation of flower buds that year, and the upright branches under the second layer of steel wire 6 bear fruit, completing 1 / 3 of the production capacity.

[0069] In the spring pruning in March of the fifth year, keep about 10 cm of the V-shaped upright branches on the fourth layer of steel wire 8 and replace them with weak branches to lead the way, so that the upright branch heads are weakened and then upright branches with a length of 50 cm are sprouted. The upright branches between the third and fourth layers of steel wire 8 complete the differentiation of flower buds in the same year, and the upright branches under the third layer of steel wire 7 bear fruit, completing 2 / 3 of the production capacity.

[0070] In the spring pruning in March of the sixth year, choose a weak branch as the leader between 20 cm above the fourth layer of steel wire 8 for the V-shaped upright branches, cut off the strong branches, and the fruiting branches under the second layer of steel wire 6. For the fruiting branches, use the one-bud-and-a-half-pruning and two-bud-pruning techniques to weaken the upright branch heads and then sprout upright branches with a length of about 30 cm. The upright branches will bear all fruits and enter the peak production period.

[0071] S4. After entering the peak production period in the seventh year, carry out fruiting branch group management, upright branch top branch management, upright branch renewal management, and upright branch strengthening and vigorous branch management.

[0072] 1) Fruiting branch group management:

[0073] The small lateral buds on the upright branches form three groups of fruit-bearing branches, namely, bouquet-shaped fruit-bearing branches, short fruit-bearing branches and long fruit-bearing branches. The bouquet-shaped fruit-bearing branches do not need to be pruned and can be allowed to bear fruit naturally. For the two types of fruit-bearing branches, short fruit-bearing branches and long fruit-bearing branches, pruning is done by leaving one leaf bud and one hidden bud before or after the flower buds, or leaving two leaf buds. Pruning is done in March every year, and the cycle is repeated year after year. The length of the fruit-bearing branches is controlled within 10 cm. In early May every year, the new branches of the year should be pinched once, leaving 7 leaves, and pinched again after the branches sprout again. Or pinch the new branches of the year when they are 10 cm long, and pinch them again after the branches sprout again;

[0074] 2) Management of the top branches of upright branches: During the spring pruning in March every year, choose a weak leading branch between 20 cm above the fourth layer of steel wire 8 of the V-shaped upright branches, and cut off the strong branches. After flowering, if there are forked branches, prune them again to keep a weak leading branch. Repeat this year after year.

[0075] 3) Upright branch renewal management:

[0076] 3 to 5 years after entering the peak production period, select 10% of the total branches for pruning in March each year, and choose upright branches with a 50% reduction in production for renewal. When renewing and pruning, at least one bud point at the base should be retained to promote new branches, and upright branches that have not reduced production by 50% should continue to remain in production.

[0077] 4) Management of upright and vigorous branches:

[0078] If the diameter of the new upright branches in May of the second year after planting exceeds 1 / 3 of the diameter of the parallel trunk, they are considered strong and vigorous branches. The new branches should be pruned back at a position with buds 15 cm away from the branches. The treatment of strong and vigorous branches in the future will be handled during the renewal management of upright branches.

[0079] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0080] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0081] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, which is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it and do not deviate from the purpose of the invention, they can creatively design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution, which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A European sweet cherry auxiliary cultivation frame, characterized in that: Including not less than one cross-shaped steel frame; The cross-shaped steel frame includes a central vertical steel pipe, and first, second, and third steel pipes parallel to the ground are fixedly connected to the central vertical steel pipe along the height direction. First, second, third, and fourth steel wires are fixedly connected between adjacent central vertical steel pipes, first steel pipes, second steel pipes, and third steel pipes, respectively, and are provided with first-layer steel wires, second-layer steel wires, third-layer steel wires, and fourth-layer steel wires from bottom to top.

2. A European sweet cherry auxiliary cultivation frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the central vertical steel pipe is 300 - 400 cm, the length of the first steel pipe is 100 - 120 cm, and it is 100 cm from the ground. The length of the second steel pipe is 150 - 180 cm, and it is 150 cm from the ground. The length of the third steel pipe is 200 - 230 cm, and it is 200 cm from the ground.

3. The European sweet cherry auxiliary cultivation frame according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between adjacent cross-shaped steel frames is 600 - 1000 cm.

4. A European sweet cherry tree-shaped cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Including the following steps: S1. In October of the first autumn of cultivation, plant sweet cherry saplings, fix the trunk and cultivate two secondary branches, and perform horizontal tying in the north-south direction in September of the next year, forming an angle of 10 - 20 degrees with the ground and tying them to the first-layer steel wire to complete the cultivation of the T-shaped trunk. S2. In March of the second year, perform spring pruning. According to the required plant spacing, cut off the two ends of the trunk parallel to the ground of the T-shaped trunk. The length of a single parallel trunk is equal to 1 / 2 of the plant spacing. Wipe off the back buds of the parallel branches to activate the germination of the lateral buds. The number of upright branches cultivated depends on the tree vigor of the rootstock. In September of the same year, perform horizontal tying in the east-west direction and tie them to the second-layer steel wire. S3. From the third year to the sixth year, perform spring pruning every March, and gradually perform spring pruning and horizontal tying management. According to the tree vigor and fruit-bearing requirements, cultivate upright branches layer by layer and tie them to the corresponding-layer steel wires layer by layer. Retain a certain length of pruning on each layer of upright branches to promote the re-germination of the upright branches, and at the same time complete flower bud differentiation, gradually realize the formation and renewal of the fruiting branch groups, and ensure the high and stable yield of the fruit trees. S4. After entering the full fruit-bearing period in the seventh year, perform management of the fruiting branch groups, management of the top branches of the upright branches, management of the renewal of the upright branches, and management of the strong and vigorous branches of the upright branches.

5. A European sweet cherry tree-shaped cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S1, the height of the trunk fixation in the first year of cultivation is 30 - 50 cm, and the length of the secondary branches is 100 - 150 cm.

6. A European sweet cherry tree-shaped cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S2, the spacing of the germinated buds should be kept at 10 - 15 cm, and 12 - 20 upright branches are cultivated, with a length of 60 - 100 cm.

7. A European sweet cherry tree-shaped cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific cultivation steps in S3 from the third year to the sixth year include: 1) When performing spring pruning in March of the third year, retain 10 - 20 cm of pruning on the second-layer steel wire of the V-shaped upright branches. New upright branches germinate at the head of the upright branches, with a length of 60 - 80 cm. In September of the same year, tie them to the third-layer steel wire. The upright branches under the second-layer steel wire complete flower bud differentiation and form flower buds in the same year. 2) When performing spring pruning in March of the fourth year, retain 10 - 20 cm of pruning on the third-layer steel wire of the V-shaped upright branches. New upright branches germinate at the head of the upright branches, with a length of 60 - 80 cm. In September of the same year, tie them to the fourth-layer steel wire. The upright branches between the second layer and the third layer of steel wires complete flower bud differentiation and form flower buds in the same year. The upright branches under the second-layer steel wire bear fruit and complete 1 / 3 of the production capacity. 3) In the spring pruning in March of the fifth year, keep about 10 cm of the V-shaped upright branches on the fourth layer of steel wire, replace them with weak branches to weaken the upright branch heads and sprout upright branches with a length of 30 to 50 cm. The upright branches between the third and fourth layers of steel wires complete flower bud differentiation and form flower buds in the same year, and the upright branches under the third layer of steel wires bear fruit, completing 2 / 3 of the production capacity. 4) In the spring pruning in March of the sixth year, choose a weak branch to lead the V-shaped upright branches between 10 and 20 cm above the fourth layer of steel wire, cut off the strong branches, and the fruiting branches under the second layer of steel wire. For the fruiting branches, use the one-bud-and-a-half-pruning and two-bud-pruning techniques to weaken the upright branch heads and then sprout upright branches with a length of about 30 cm. The upright branches will bear all fruits and enter the peak production period.

8. A European sweet cherry tree-shaped cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S4: 1) Fruiting branch group management: The small lateral buds on the upright branches form three groups of fruiting branches, namely, bouquet-shaped fruiting branches, short fruiting branches, and long fruiting branches. The bouquet-shaped fruiting branches do not need to be pruned and can be allowed to bear fruit naturally. For the two types of fruiting branches, short fruiting branches and long fruiting branches, pruning is done before or after the flower buds, leaving one leaf bud and one hidden bud, or leaving two leaf buds. Pruning is done in March every year, and the cycle is repeated year after year. The length of the fruiting branches is controlled within 10 cm. In early May every year, 5 to 7 leaves should be left on the new branches of the year, and the branches should be pinched once, and pinched again after the branches sprout again. Alternatively, the new branches of the year should be pinched once when they are 5 to 10 cm, and pinched again after the branches sprout again. 2) Management of the top branches of upright branches: During the spring pruning in March every year, choose a weak leading branch between 10 and 20 cm above the fourth layer of steel wire of the V-shaped upright branches, and cut off the strong branches. After flowering, if there are forked branches, prune them again to keep a weak leading branch. Repeat this year after year. 3) Upright branch renewal management: 3 to 5 years after entering the peak production period, select 5% to 10% of the total branches for pruning in March each year, and choose upright branches with a 50% reduction in production for renewal. When renewing and pruning, at least one bud point at the base should be retained to promote new branches, and upright branches that have not reduced production by 50% should continue to remain in production. 4) Management of upright and vigorous branches: If the diameter of the new upright branches in May of the second year after planting exceeds 1 / 3 of the diameter of the parallel trunk, they are considered strong and vigorous branches. The new branches should be pruned back at a position with buds at 5 to 15 cm from the branches. The treatment of strong and vigorous branches in the future will be handled during the renewal management of upright branches.

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