Strawberry soilless culture substrate

Abstract

The invention provides a soilless culture substrate for strawberries, and belongs to the technical field of crop fertilizers. The soilless culture substrate for strawberries provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by volume: 8 parts of rotten sparassis crispa residues, 0.5 part of coco coir, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of perlite, 0.5 part of environment-friendly enzyme residues, 0.2 part of a tea leaf residue extract and 0.2 part of steam-exploded rice husk powder. According to the soilless culture substrate for the strawberries, the quality and commodity of the strawberries can be effectively improved, meanwhile, a large amount of sparassis crispa waste fungus residues can be consumed, and agricultural non-point source pollution caused by accumulation of a large amount of waste fungus residues is reduced.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The application number of the original application is: 202411054423.1, the application date is 2024.08.02, and the name of the invention is: A strawberry soilless cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the technical field of crop fertilizers, and in particular to a strawberry soilless culture substrate. Background Art

[0003] Strawberry (Fragariaananassa Duch), also known as foreign berry, ground fruit, red berry, etc., has juicy flesh, sweet and sour taste, strong fragrance, rich nutrition, especially high content of vitamin C and minerals, and is known as the "king of fruits". In recent years, strawberry has achieved rapid development in my country and has become an important economic crop for developing rural economy and increasing farmers' income. In terms of cultivation technology, the application of advanced technologies such as smart greenhouses and automated planting equipment is improving production efficiency, reducing costs, and improving product quality and safety.

[0004] In recent years, the development of the strawberry industry has encountered many problems. The main factors restricting its development are: slow variety renewal, lack of high-quality varieties with strong adaptability and good quality; serious obstacles to continuous cropping, and the soil-borne disease strawberry red column root rot is relatively serious, with an incidence rate of up to 30%, which seriously affects the cultivation benefits; backward cultivation technology, most strawberries are cultivated in traditional soil, and water and fertilizer cannot be accurately controlled during the rainy season, resulting in reduced fruit quality; single sales channel, mainly used for fresh sales, market wholesale and retail, strawberry plants are upright in the middle and late stages, the yield is high, and there is a phenomenon of unsalable. These factors make strawberry planting sporadic and regionalized, and it is impossible to form large-scale and intelligent. Therefore, exploring high-yield and efficient strawberry planting models is an urgent problem that the strawberry industry needs to solve.

[0005] Substrate cultivation refers to a soilless cultivation method that uses a solid matrix (medium) to fix the plant roots and absorb nutrient solution and oxygen through the matrix. According to research, the use of matrix cultivation can avoid soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles, and is an effective way to improve the yield and quality of fruit and vegetable production. There are many types of matrix. Commonly used matrixes for strawberries include vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, grass ash, etc. Since peat is non-renewable and rock wool is polluting to a certain extent, the use of agricultural waste to develop new environmentally friendly matrix has become a new direction in the research of soilless cultivation technology.

[0006] Sparassis crispa residue is the culture medium waste produced after the cultivation of Sparassis crispa. The residue also contains nutrients such as protein, fat, reducing sugar, ash, etc. At the same time, the mycelium will degrade the cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and anti-nutritional factors such as cotton phenol to varying degrees during planting, and the mycelium will secrete secondary metabolites, bacterial proteins, trace elements and other nutrients into the residue during the growth process, increasing the content of available organic matter, which has a great promoting effect on plant growth. With the industrial development of Sparassis crispa, the number of waste mushroom bags produced is also increasing day by day. The random discarding or stacking of waste mushroom bags will cause mold and pests to breed, pollute the environment and waste resources. At present, Sparassis crispa residue is mainly used in seedling cultivation, feed, organic fertilizer, etc. For example, when Sparassis crispa residue replaces 50% peat (Sparassis crispa residue: peat: perlite = 1:1:1) to plant cucumber, the emergence rate of cucumber seedlings is higher, the soluble sugar content of the plant is high, the root system is strong, and the number of fruits and yield are better. The soluble sugar, lycopene, vitamin C and protein contents of tomatoes planted with the composite matrix of mushroom residue are higher than those of conventional soilless cultivation, which are increased by 21.01%, 32.77%, 4.52% and 16.54% respectively, the total amino acid content is increased by 21.90%, the essential amino acid content is increased by 35.14%, and the total content of 7 taste amino acids is increased by 17.72%. The application of hydrangea mushroom residue in strawberry cultivation is used to solve the problem of continuous cropping of strawberries, reduce costs, and improve fruit quality and commerciality, which is the problem to be solved by the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a strawberry soilless culture substrate, which can effectively improve the quality and commercial properties of strawberries, and can also consume a large amount of hydrangea waste residues, thereby reducing agricultural non-point source pollution caused by a large amount of waste residues accumulated.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] The invention provides a strawberry soilless culture matrix, comprising the following raw materials in parts by volume: 5-10 parts of decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue, 0.5-5 parts of coconut bran, 0.5-2 parts of vermiculite, 0.5-2 parts of perlite, 0.2-1 parts of environmentally friendly enzyme residue, 0.1-0.5 parts of tea residue extract and 0.1-0.5 parts of steam-exploded husk powder.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the matrix, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The waste hydrangea mushroom bags are unbagged and used as solid fermentation base, and mixed bacterial liquid is added for fermentation to obtain decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue;

[0012] Tomato slices, marigold leaves, bitter melon, soybeans, brown sugar and water are used as environmentally friendly enzyme materials, and fermented. The obtained fermented liquid is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the solid part is taken to obtain environmentally friendly enzyme residue, and the environmentally friendly enzyme residue is crushed into a slurry state;

[0013] Drying and crushing tea residues and then steam-exploding them to prepare steam-exploded powders, and then extracting the steam-exploded powders to obtain tea residue extracts;

[0014] The husk is dried, crushed and then steam-exploded to prepare steam-exploded husk powder;

[0015] The decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue, environmental enzyme residue, tea residue extract, husk powder, coconut bran, vermiculite and perlite are mixed according to volume proportions, and dried at 20-25° C. to obtain a strawberry soilless culture medium.

[0016] Preferably, the mixed bacterial solution in step (1) consists of 0.5-1‰ of Bacillus bacterial solution, 0.5-1‰ of nitrogen-fixing bacteria bacterial solution, 0.5-1‰ of yeast bacterial solution and 0.5-1‰ of Trichoderma bacterial solution, accounting for 0.5-1‰ of the weight of the solid-state fermentation base.

[0017] Preferably, the fermentation conditions in step (1) are as follows: the water content of the solid fermentation base is 50-60%, the fermentation temperature is 25-35° C., the fermentation time is 15-20 days, and the fermentation is stirred 1-2 times during the fermentation period.

[0018] Preferably, the environmentally friendly enzyme material in step (2) is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 6-8 parts of 3-5 cm thick tomato slices, 0.1-0.3 parts of marigold leaves, 0.1-0.3 parts of bitter gourd, 0.5-0.7 parts of soybeans, 2.5-3 parts of brown sugar, and 25-30 parts of water.

[0019] Preferably, the fermentation temperature in step (2) is 25-30° C., the fermentation time is 5-7 months, and the mesh size of the filter during the solid-liquid separation is 35-45 meshes.

[0020] Preferably, in step (3), the tea residue is crushed into 100-200 mesh powder; the steam explosion is performed by introducing high-pressure steam into the steam explosion tank until the pressure is maintained in the range of 1.6-1.9 MPa, and the temperature is controlled at 14-16° C. for 15-20 minutes to obtain the steam explosion powder.

[0021] Preferably, the extraction process in step (3) is as follows: adding hydrochloric acid to the steam-exploded powder, shaking for 15-20 min at 12-17° C., wherein the mass volume ratio of the steam-exploded powder to the hydrochloric acid is 1:150-200 g / ml, and the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 0.3-0.7 mol·L -1 .

[0022] Preferably, in step (4), the husk is crushed into 40-80 mesh powder, and the steam explosion is performed by introducing high-pressure steam into a steam explosion tank until the pressure is maintained in the range of 1.6-1.9 MPa and the temperature is controlled at 80-90° C. for 20-30 minutes to obtain steam-exploded husk powder.

[0023] The invention selects agricultural waste hydrangea mushroom residues, environmentally friendly enzyme residues, tea residue extracts, and steam-exploded husk powder to develop a new environmentally friendly matrix as a strawberry soilless culture matrix, which can significantly improve the growth of strawberry plants and improve the quality of strawberries, wherein the yield can be increased by more than 20%, the refractile sugar is increased by 20.12%, the soluble solids are increased by 18.41%, the fruits are bright, and the quality and commerciality of the strawberries are effectively improved; at the same time, a large amount of hydrangea mushroom waste residues can be consumed, and agricultural non-point source pollution caused by a large amount of waste residue accumulation can be reduced, so as to realize the circular utilization of resources, reduce costs, and improve economic benefits, which is of great significance in promoting the sustainable utilization of resources and the green development of vegetables. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 The strawberry traits obtained by cultivating different cultivation substrates in the substrate tank in Comparative Example 1;

[0025] Figure 2 The strawberry traits obtained by growing different cultivation substrates in substrate bags in Comparative Example 1;

[0026] Figure 3 The strawberry traits obtained by growing different cultivation substrates in substrate bags in Comparative Example 1;

[0027] Figure 4 The strawberry traits obtained by cultivating the S5 substrate formula in Comparative Example 1;

[0028] Figure 5 The strawberry traits obtained by cultivating the S5 substrate formula in Comparative Example 1;

[0029] Figure 6 The strawberry traits obtained by cultivating the S5 substrate formula in Comparative Example 1;

[0030] Figure 7 These are the growth characteristics of strawberries cultivated in different substrates in Comparative Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] A strawberry soilless culture substrate comprises, by volume, 8 parts of decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue, 0.5 parts of coconut bran, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of perlite, 0.5 parts of environmentally friendly enzyme residue, 0.2 parts of tea residue extract, and 0.2 parts of steam-exploded rice husk powder.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The matrix of Example 1 was prepared according to the following preparation method:

[0036] Preparation of decomposed hydrangea residue: select insect-free and pollution-free hydrangea waste bags, remove the bags and place them in a fermentation tank as a solid fermentation base, and then add 0.8‰ Bacillus solution, 0.8‰ nitrogen-fixing bacteria solution, 0.8‰ yeast solution, and 0.8‰ Trichoderma solution to the solid fermentation base respectively, add sterile water to the solid fermentation base until the water content of the solid fermentation base is 55%, the temperature in the tank reaches 30°C, and is maintained for 18 days. During this period, it can be turned over twice to obtain decomposed hydrangea residue.

[0037] Preparation of environmentally friendly enzyme residue: select 8 parts of 4 cm thick tomato slices that are free of pests and diseases, 0.1 parts of marigold leaves, 0.1 parts of bitter gourd, 0.5 parts of soybeans, 2.9 parts of brown sugar, and 28.5 parts of water, place them in a 50-jin fermentation barrel, ferment at 28°C for 6 months, filter through a 40-mesh filter to obtain environmentally friendly enzyme residue, and crush the environmentally friendly enzyme residue into a mud-like state.

[0038] Preparation of tea residue extract:

[0039] Steam explosion treatment: dry the tea residue and crush it into 150 mesh powder; put it into a steam explosion tank, introduce high-pressure steam into the steam explosion tank until the pressure is maintained within the range of 1.7Mpa, control the temperature at 15℃ for 18 minutes, and then quickly release the pressure in the steam explosion tank to obtain steam explosion powder;

[0040] Extraction: Accurately weigh 0.3 g of steam explosion powder, place it in a pre-prepared plastic bottle, and then add 0.5 mol·L -1 Add 50 ml of hydrochloric acid and shake at 15°C for 20 minutes to obtain the tea residue extract.

[0041] Preparation of steam-exploded husk powder: drying husks without insects or molds and crushing them into 60-mesh powder; placing them in a steam-explosion tank, introducing high-pressure steam into the steam-explosion tank until the pressure is maintained within the range of 1.7 MPa, controlling the temperature at 85° C. for 25 minutes, and then quickly releasing the pressure in the steam-explosion tank to obtain steam-exploded husk powder;

[0042] The obtained decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue, coconut bran, vermiculite, perlite, environmentally friendly enzyme residue, tea residue extract and steam-exploded rice husk powder are mixed evenly and dried at room temperature (25° C.) to prepare a strawberry soilless culture medium.

[0043] Comparative Example 1

[0044] 1.1 Comparison of physical and chemical properties of different cultivation substrate formulations

[0045] Determination of the physicochemical properties of the cultivation substrate formula: Select unpolluted and mildew-free discarded hydrangea mushroom bags, prepare hydrangea mushroom residues according to the method of Example 2, and then prepare various cultivation substrates according to Table 1, and use the NY-525-2012 method to determine the physicochemical properties of the cultivation substrate.

[0046] Table 1 Different cultivation medium formula

[0047]

[0048] Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of different matrix formulations

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Note: Different lowercase letters after the data in the same column in the table indicate that the difference is at a significant level (PV0.05), and different uppercase letters indicate that the difference is at an extremely significant level (PV0.01).

[0052] By comparing and analyzing the data in Table 2, it can be seen that as the content of fungus residue in the matrix increases, the conductivity, available phosphorus and available potassium decrease accordingly; organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen gradually increase; the effect on its total porosity, aeration porosity and water holding porosity is not significant. From the perspective of pH, strawberry is most suitable for growth in a neutral or weakly acidic environment. The pH value of the matrix with fungus residue is in the range of 5-5.4. When the pH value of the soil is 5-8, the root system and the aboveground part of the strawberry grow well; from the perspective of the fertility of the matrix, as the content of fungus residue in the matrix increases, its quick-acting fertilizer content decreases compared with the CK matrix, but its organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen content increase significantly. The highest content of S6 increases by 47.3% and 16.7% respectively compared with CK, which can provide sufficient nutrition for the growth and development of strawberries; compared with CK, the total porosity, aeration porosity and water holding porosity of the matrix containing fungus residue are not significantly different, reflecting that the fungus residue composite matrix is ​​not inferior to CK in air permeability and water holding capacity.

[0053] 1.2 Effects of different cultivation media on the growth of Psoralea corylifolia plants

[0054] Use the cultivation medium formula in Table 1 of 1.1 to cultivate Suizhu strawberry and measure its various growth indicators. Plant phenotypic traits were determined by referring to the simple strawberry determination method to determine plant height, leaf length, leaf width, crown diameter, number of outer leaves; first peduncle length (measure the length from the base to the top of the inflorescence with a ruler, in cm). Strawberry plant leaf color; the color of mature leaves can be divided into light green and dark green levels.

[0055] Table 3 Phenotypic traits of strawberries grown in different cultivation medium formulas

[0056]

[0057] From the measured plant phenotypic traits, it was found that the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, crown diameter, peduncle length, and number of outer leaves of the strawberry plants in the S5 matrix were the highest. Among them, the plant height, crown diameter, and peduncle length were significantly higher than those of other treatments, which were 33%, 40.4%, and 27% higher than those of CK, respectively. The leaf length, leaf width, and number of outer leaves of the S5 plants were not significantly different from those of CK. With the increase of the proportion of fungus residue, the leaf color was significantly deepened. Comprehensively considering various indicators, the growth of the plants in S5 was better than that of other treatments, and more neat ( Figure 1-3 ).

[0058] 1.3 Effects of different cultivation medium formulas on strawberry yield

[0059] Suizhu strawberry was cultivated using the cultivation medium formula in Table 1 of 1.1 above, and its yield was measured. When the strawberry fruits were ripe, 5 bags (15 plants) were selected for yield measurement, and the number and yield of strawberries harvested each time were counted, and the average single bag yield and single fruit weight were calculated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0060] Table 4 Effects of different cultivation medium formulas on the yield of greenhouse strawberry

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] As shown in Table 4, treatment S5 had the highest yield per mu and total number of fruits, with no significant difference from S6, but significantly higher than other treatments, with a yield increase of 49.16% over CK, with S6 being the second highest. Formula S2 had significantly lower yield per mu and total number of fruits than other treatments. Formula CK had the highest single fruit weight of 15.27 g.

[0064] 1.4 Effects of different cultivation substrates on strawberry fruit quality indicators

[0065] Select strawberries from 1.3 for quality index determination. Select fruits of the same maturity period and beat and mix them evenly for quality determination. Sugar content is determined using a saccharimeter. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0066] Table 5 Sugar content and soluble solids content of strawberry fruit with different matrix formulas

[0067]

[0068] As shown in Table 5, the refractive sugar content in the fruits of treatments S5 and S6 was the highest, reaching 16.3%, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments and 20.12% higher than that of the control; the refractive sugar content of CK was the lowest, with no significant difference from S3 and significantly lower than that of other treatments.

[0069] The results of soluble solids analysis showed (Table 6) that the soluble solids in the fruits of formula S5 were the highest, reaching 18.2%, which was not significantly different from S4 and S6, but significantly higher than other treatments, 18.41% higher than the control, with S6 being the second highest; CK had the lowest soluble solids, which was not significantly different from S2 and S3. Figure 4-6 Shown are strawberries grown using the S5 recipe.

[0070] Table 6 Effects of different matrix formulas on strawberry fruit quality indicators

[0071]

[0072]

[0073] Table 6 shows that the soluble sugar content of formula S5 is significantly higher than that of other formulas, 55.1% higher than that of CK, and S4 has the lowest content, with no significant difference from CK, S2, and S3. Formula CK has the highest organic acid content, significantly higher than other formulas, S3 is the second highest, and there is no significant difference between S3 and S2 and S5. Formula S5 has the highest sugar-acid ratio, and is 89.3% higher than that of CK; CK has the lowest sugar-acid ratio, and there is no significant difference from the sugar-acid ratios of S2, S3, and S4.

[0074] The protein content in strawberry fruits of formula S5 was the highest, which was 24.87% higher than that of CK, and the protein content of formula S6 was the lowest; the amino acid content of formula S6 was the highest, which was significantly different from CK, which was 28.76% higher than that of CK, and there was no significant difference with S4 and S5; the vitamin C content of formula S4 was significantly higher than that of other formula groups, but not significantly higher than that of CK group.

[0075] Comparative Example 2

[0076] In order to explore the effects of different cultivation substrate formulas on strawberry growth, Suizhu strawberry was cultivated according to the cultivation substrate in Table 7. The results are as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0077] Table 7 Different matrix formulations

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] Depend on Figure 7It can be seen that different formulas have a great influence on the growth of strawberry plants. The growth and runner-generating ability of plants with formulas S1 and S2 are not much different from those of CK. The growth of plants with formulas S3, S4, S5, and S6 is significantly stronger than that of CK, and the growth of plants with formulas S7 is relatively weak.

[0081] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A strawberry soilless culture medium, characterized in that: The method is composed of the following raw materials in parts by volume: 8 parts of decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue, 0.5 parts of coconut bran, 1 part of vermiculite, 1 part of perlite, 0.5 parts of environmentally friendly enzyme residue, 0.2 parts of tea residue extract, and 0.2 parts of steam-exploded rice husk powder; The preparation process of the decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue is as follows: selecting insect-free and pollution-free hydrangea mushroom waste bags, removing the bags and placing them in a fermentation tank as a solid-state fermentation base, and then respectively adding 0.8‰ of the weight of the solid-state fermentation base to the bacillus liquid, 0.8‰ of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria liquid, 0.8‰ of the yeast liquid, and 0.8‰ of the Trichoderma liquid, adding sterile water until the water content of the solid-state fermentation base is 55%, the temperature in the tank reaches 30°C, and is maintained for 18 days, during which the hydrangea mushroom can be turned over twice, so as to obtain the decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue; The preparation process of the environmentally friendly enzyme residue is as follows: 8 parts of 4 cm thick tomato slices that are free of pests and diseases, cleaned, 0.1 parts of marigold leaves, 0.1 parts of bitter melon, 0.5 parts of soybeans, 2.9 parts of brown sugar, and 28.5 parts of water are selected and placed in a 50-jin fermentation barrel, fermented at 28° C. for 6 months, filtered through a 40-mesh filter to obtain the environmentally friendly enzyme residue, and crushed the environmentally friendly enzyme residue into a slurry state; The preparation process of the tea residue extract is as follows: Steam explosion treatment: dry the tea residue and crush it into 150 mesh powder; put it into a steam explosion tank, introduce high-pressure steam into the steam explosion tank until the pressure is maintained within the range of 1.7Mpa, control the temperature at 15℃ for 18 minutes, and then quickly release the pressure in the steam explosion tank to obtain steam explosion powder; Extraction: Accurately weigh 0.3 g of steam explosion powder, place it in a pre-prepared plastic bottle, and then add 0.5 mol·L -1 Add 50 ml of hydrochloric acid and shake at 15°C for 20 minutes to obtain the tea residue extract; The preparation process of the steam-exploded husk powder is as follows: drying husks without insects or molds and then crushing them into 60-mesh powder; placing them in a steam-explosion tank, introducing high-pressure steam into the steam-explosion tank until the pressure is maintained within the range of 1.7 MPa, controlling the temperature at 85° C. for 25 minutes, and then quickly releasing the pressure in the steam-explosion tank to obtain the steam-exploded husk powder; The obtained decomposed hydrangea mushroom residue, coconut bran, vermiculite, perlite, environmentally friendly enzyme residue, tea residue extract and steam-exploded rice husk powder are mixed evenly and dried at room temperature (25° C.) to prepare a strawberry soilless culture medium.

Images