Method for improving quality of cigar core tobacco leaves, fermentation preparation and application

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves, a fermentation preparation and application. A method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises the steps that a compound fermentation preparation is prepared, specifically, a mixed solution of single flower honey and white vinegar serves as a substrate, pectinase, beta-glucanase and protease are added and mixed, and the compound fermentation preparation is prepared; and spraying or soaking tobacco leaves with the compound fermentation preparation, fermenting at constant temperature and constant humidity, and then drying. The mass ratio of the single flower honey to the white vinegar to the water is 1: 1.25: (40-50). The single-flower honey comprises one or more of linden honey, pagoda flower honey or Chinese date honey. By means of the method, ammonia gas in the eggplant core tobacco leaves can be rapidly removed, the strength irritation is improved, the fineness and richness of smoke are remarkably improved, and the purpose of rapidly improving the sensory quality is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of tobacco leaf processing, and in particular relates to a method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves, a fermentation preparation and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cigars are a type of tobacco leaf that is used in the form of complete tobacco leaves. It is distinguished from other types of tobacco leaves by its unique aroma. After being harvested and dried, cigar tobacco leaves generally have problems such as strength, strong irritation, poor aroma texture and aroma volume, and are not suitable for factory processing and use. Cigar core tobacco leaves are the main source of cigar tobacco flavor and taste. They must be fermented and aged for a certain period of time to significantly improve their processing characteristics and smoking quality before they can be put into subsequent use. At present, cigar core tobacco leaves are mainly improved by natural stacking fermentation to improve the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. There are also technologies that treat cigar tobacco leaves by applying exogenous bacterial agents, biological enzyme preparations, and exogenous plant extracts (such as tea soaking juice, rice soaking juice, etc.) on the surface of tobacco leaves and combining stacking fermentation. However, in general, the quality of tobacco leaves is improved by the slow changes of bacteria and enzymes during the stacking process. However, the substances contained in tobacco leaves in a natural stacking state change slowly, resulting in a longer overall fermentation cycle (generally 30 to 90 days), and the fermented tobacco leaves still have problems such as strong strength, weak aroma, and insufficient aroma richness. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method, a fermentation preparation and an application for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves, thereby reducing the irritation of the core tobacco leaves and rapidly improving the sensory quality of the tobacco leaves.

[0004] The present application provides a method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves, comprising: Preparation of the composite fermentation preparation: using a mixed solution of single flower honey and white vinegar as a base, adding pectinase, β-glucanase and protease to mix to prepare the composite fermentation preparation; The composite fermentation preparation is sprayed on or soaked in tobacco leaves, and fermentation is carried out at a constant temperature and humidity, and drying is performed after completion.

[0005] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the single flower honey, the white vinegar and water is 1:1.25:(40-50).

[0006] Furthermore, the single flower honey includes one or more of linden honey, acacia honey or jujube honey. The above honeys are preferably mature honeys.

[0007] Furthermore, the pectinase is Pectinex, the β-glucanase is Viscozyme, the protease is Flavourzyme, and the mass ratio of the pectinase, the β-glucanase, the protease and the mixed solution is 1:(0.5~1):(1~1.5):(25~50).

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the composite fermentation preparation to the tobacco leaf is 1:(5-10).

[0009] Furthermore, every 20 to 25 tobacco leaves are tied into a bunch and hung vertically for fermentation.

[0010] Furthermore, the fermentation temperature is 48-52° C., the fermentation humidity is 75%-85%, and the fermentation time is 2-3 days.

[0011] Furthermore, after drying, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is reduced to 28% to 32%.

[0012] The present application provides a fermented preparation for cigar filler tobacco leaves, which is the composite fermented preparation in any of the above-mentioned methods for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves.

[0013] The present application provides any of the above-mentioned methods for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves, or the use of the above-mentioned fermentation preparation for cigar core tobacco leaves in the production of cigars and tobacco products.

[0014] This application uses a mixed solution of single flower honey and white vinegar as a base regulator for improving quality, adds biological enzymes to form a composite fermentation preparation, and uses the composite fermentation preparation to treat tobacco leaves, quickly remove ammonia in the cigar core tobacco leaves, and improve the irritation of the head; while using biological enzymes to degrade the macromolecular substances in the tobacco leaves, it promotes the Maillard reaction, produces small molecules and aroma components, and significantly increases the delicacy and richness of the smoke, achieving the purpose of quickly improving the sensory quality. This application method can shorten the fermentation and quality improvement time of cigar core tobacco leaves to 3 to 4 days.

[0015] The fermented preparation of the present application can significantly improve the sensory quality of cigar core tobacco leaves through a specific ratio.

[0016] The present application can be widely applied to the production of cigars and tobacco products, thereby significantly improving the quality of cigars and tobacco products and having high practicality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to further illustrate the present application, the present application is described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present application. If specific conditions are not specified in the examples, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturer is not specified for the reagents or instruments used, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0018] A method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves, comprising: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of single flower honey and white vinegar is used as the base. The single flower honey in this application shall comply with the requirements of GB 14963-2011 "National Food Safety Standard Honey". Single flower honey includes one or more of linden honey, locust flower honey or jujube flower honey, wild single flower mature honey, and honey from a single nectar source has a purer flavor. Single flower mature honey has a low moisture content, high enzyme value, richer nutrients, is not easy to deteriorate, and has good quality. The white vinegar in this application shall comply with the requirements of GB 2719-2018 "National Food Safety Standard Vinegar". The mass ratio of single flower honey, white vinegar and water is 1:1.25:(40-50). Cigar core tobacco leaves are alkaline and have a higher pH value than flue-cured tobacco leaves. Adding white vinegar can help neutralize the alkalinity and provide a more suitable environment for subsequent enzymatic reactions and Maillard reactions. On the other hand, the acetic acid in the white vinegar can combine with the ammonia in the tobacco leaves to reduce the irritation. Pectinase, β-glucanase and protease are added and mixed to prepare a composite fermentation preparation, wherein the pectinase is Pectinex, the β-glucanase is Viscozyme, the protease is Flavourzyme, and the mass ratio of pectinase, β-glucanase, protease to the mixed solution is 1: (0.5-1): (1-1.5): (25-50). The mass ratio of the composite fermentation preparation to tobacco leaves is 1: (5-10).

[0019] (2) Spray or fully soak the tobacco leaves with the composite fermentation agent evenly, and ferment at a constant temperature and humidity. Tie 20 to 25 tobacco leaves into a bundle, hang them vertically on a horizontal bar, and drain the flowing water on the surface of the tobacco leaves for fermentation. Multiple tobacco leaves on the same horizontal plane are placed in parallel with a spacing of 10 cm. The number of racks and layers are reasonably set according to the space in the fermentation room and the length of the tobacco bundles, and the kang is densely loaded. The fermentation temperature is 48 to 52 ° C, the fermentation humidity is 75% to 85%, and the fermentation time can reach 2 to 3 days, which is a short fermentation time. After completion, the exhaust facilities can be opened for drying. Preferably, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves after drying is reduced to the original 28% to 32%.

[0020] Example 1 The variety of the cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is Qingxue 107, and the method for improving the quality of the cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of linden honey and white vinegar was used as the base, with the mass of linden honey, white vinegar and water being 20 g, 25 g and 800 g respectively. A certain amount of the mixed solution was taken, and pectinase (Pectinex® Smash XXL), β-glucanase (Viscozyme® L) and protease (Flavourzyme) were added to prepare a composite fermentation preparation, with the mass of pectinase, β-glucanase, protease and the mixed solution being 16 g, 8 g, 16 g and 800 g respectively. 800 g of the composite fermentation preparation was used to treat 8000 g of tobacco leaves.

[0021] (2) Spray the surface of tobacco leaves evenly with a composite fermentation agent and ferment at a constant temperature and humidity. Tie 20 tobacco leaves into a bunch and hang them vertically on a horizontal bar. Drain the flowing water on the surface of the tobacco leaves for fermentation. Multiple tobacco leaves on the same horizontal plane are placed in parallel with a spacing of 10 cm and densely packed on the kang. The fermentation temperature is 50°C, the fermentation humidity is 80%, and the fermentation time is 48 hours. After completion, cut off the humidity supply in the fermentation room, maintain the original fermentation temperature supply, and open the exhaust facilities for drying for 24 hours to reduce the moisture content of the tobacco leaves to 30%.

[0022] Example 2 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference from Example 1 is that the masses of pectinase, β-glucanase, protease and mixed solution are 32 g, 32 g, 32 g and 800 g, respectively.

[0023] (2) Same as Example 1.

[0024] Example 3 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference from Example 1 is that the masses of pectinase, β-glucanase, protease and mixed solution are 32 g, 32 g, 48 g and 800 g respectively.

[0025] (2) Same as Example 1.

[0026] Example 4 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference from Example 1 is that the masses of pectinase, β-glucanase, protease and mixed solution are 16g, 8g, 16g and 800g respectively. 800g of composite fermentation preparation is used to treat 4000g of tobacco leaves.

[0027] (2) Fully soaking tobacco leaves in the composite fermentation preparation, specifically, soaking loose tobacco leaves in the composite fermentation preparation and rinsing for 3-5 seconds. The other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0028] Example 5 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference from Example 1 is that the masses of pectinase, β-glucanase, protease and mixed solution are 32g, 32g, 32g and 800g respectively. 800g of composite fermentation preparation is used to treat 4000g of tobacco leaves.

[0029] (2) Fully soaking tobacco leaves in the composite fermentation preparation, specifically, soaking loose tobacco leaves in the composite fermentation preparation and rinsing for 3-5 seconds. The other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0030] Example 6 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference from Example 1 is that the masses of pectinase, β-glucanase, protease and mixed solution are 32g, 32g, 48g and 800g respectively. 800g of composite fermentation preparation is used to treat 4000g of tobacco leaves.

[0031] (2) Fully soaking tobacco leaves in the composite fermentation preparation, specifically, soaking loose tobacco leaves in the composite fermentation preparation and rinsing for 3-5 seconds. The other steps are the same as those in Example 1.

[0032] Example 7 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of linden honey and white vinegar is used as the base, with the weights of linden honey, white vinegar and water being 16 g, 20 g and 800 g respectively. The other processes are the same as those in Example 1.

[0033] (2) Same as Example 1.

[0034] Example 8 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of linden honey and white vinegar is used as the base, and the masses of linden honey, white vinegar and water are 16 g, 20 g and 800 g respectively. The other processes are the same as those in Example 2.

[0035] (2) Same as Example 2.

[0036] Example 9 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of linden honey and white vinegar is used as the base, with the weights of linden honey, white vinegar and water being 16 g, 20 g and 800 g respectively. The other processes are the same as those in Example 3.

[0037] (2) Same as Example 3.

[0038] Example 10 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of linden honey and white vinegar is used as the base, and the weights of linden honey, white vinegar and water are 16 g, 20 g and 800 g respectively. The other processes are the same as those in Example 4.

[0039] (2) Same as Example 4.

[0040] Embodiment 11 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of linden honey and white vinegar is used as the base, and the masses of linden honey, white vinegar and water are 16 g, 20 g and 800 g respectively. The other processes are the same as those in Example 5.

[0041] (2) Same as Example 5.

[0042] Example 12 The variety of cigar core tobacco leaves in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1, and the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves comprises: (1) Preparation of composite fermentation preparation: A mixed solution of linden honey and white vinegar is used as the base, with the weights of linden honey, white vinegar and water being 16 g, 20 g and 800 g respectively. The other processes are the same as those in Example 6.

[0043] (2) Same as Example 6.

[0044] The tobacco leaves obtained in each example were divided into two along the main vein (the main vein was discarded), and the tobacco leaves on the left side of the main vein were uniformly selected for sensory quality evaluation, and the tobacco leaves on the right side of the main vein were used for the fractionation and separation study of mainstream smoke gas-particle extracts.

[0045] 1. Sensory quality evaluation: Cigar agricultural fermentation experts evaluate and score the sensory quality of the fermented cigar core tobacco leaves based on eight indicators, including strength, aroma quality, aroma volume, sweetness, irritation, miscellaneous smell, aftertaste, and burning (each single indicator has a weight / the total score is 100 points). The statistical results are rounded to one decimal point, and the higher the total score, the better the sensory quality. The specific evaluation results are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1

[0047] It can be seen from Table 1 that the method of the present application effectively improves the sensory quality of tobacco leaves. The sensory quality of the processed tobacco leaves is significantly improved, which is mainly reflected in the significant improvement of the violent feeling of smoke, the improvement of smoke smoothness, the richness of aroma and the increase of aroma volume, the improvement of sweetness, the reduction of irritating miscellaneous gases, and the improvement of oral comfort.

[0048] 2. Study on fractionation and separation of gas-particle extracts from mainstream smoke: The fractionation and separation of the particle phase extract of mainstream cigar smoke was studied by using silica gel column chromatography step-by-step separation technology. The experimental group was set up: the tobacco leaves obtained in Example 12 were used, and the control group was set up: the same tobacco leaves were not treated with fermentation preparations. The silica gel column chromatography fraction was analyzed by GC-MS analysis method. The results showed that there were 151 substances in the silica gel fraction, among which aldehydes, esters, ketones and other substances can produce pleasant aroma and have the effect of improving smoke and improving sensory quality. The specific analysis results are shown in Table 2-1, Table 2-2 and Table 2-3.

[0049] Table 2-1

[0050] Table 2-2

[0051] Table 2-3

[0052] It can be seen from Table 2-1, Table 2-2 and Table 2-3 that the total amount of aldehydes, esters and ketones in the tobacco leaves of the experimental group increased to varying degrees compared with the tobacco leaves of the control group.

[0053] Comparative Example 1 The varieties of cigar core tobacco leaves in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1, and the cigar core tobacco leaves are processed, including: (1) Use 5% linden honey distilled water solution as the fermentation agent and spray it evenly on the surface of tobacco leaves to make them rehumidify. Place the rehumidified tobacco leaves in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 80% to balance the moisture for at least 24 hours until the moisture content of the tobacco leaves reaches 30%.

[0054] (2) Take 2 kg of tobacco leaves after moisture balance, stack them crosswise on a stainless steel tray with the leaf surface at an angle of 45°, and put another stainless steel tray upside down on it to prevent the tobacco leaves from scattering and falling. Place the tobacco leaves in the tray in a constant temperature and humidity box at a temperature of 42°C and a humidity of 80% to simulate stacking fermentation. The fermentation time is 30 days. During this period, the tobacco leaves are loosened once every 10 days. At the same time, a small amount of tobacco leaves are taken to compare and evaluate the sensory quality with the reserved tobacco leaves treated in Example 12. The specific evaluation results are shown in Table 3.

[0055] Table 3

[0056] It can be seen from Table 3 that the fermentation process of Comparative Example 1 is slow and takes a long time, and the fermentation effect is still insufficient.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 The varieties of cigar core tobacco leaves in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The cigar core tobacco leaves are treated based on the treatment conditions of Example 12. Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference is that no β-glucanase is added to the composite fermentation preparation, and the masses of pectinase, protease and mixed solution are 32g, 48g and 800g respectively. After the fermentation is completed, the sensory quality of the retained tobacco leaves treated with Example 12 is compared and evaluated. The specific evaluation results are shown in Table 4.

[0058] Table 4

[0059] It can be seen from Table 4 that the improvement in irritation and comfort of Comparative Example 2 after fermentation is slightly insufficient. The scores of impurity and irritation of tobacco leaves treated in Comparative Example 2 are both low. The existence of impurity irritation offsets the improvement effect of sensory quality to a certain extent. Although the total score is slightly high, considering the superposition effect of leaf group formula, Comparative Example 2 cannot be selected.

[0060] One of the beneficial effects of the method of the present application is to quickly improve the quality defects of heavy smell and strong irritation of cigar core tobacco leaves after airing. The main material basis for the production of smell and irritation is the cell wall material in the tobacco leaves. When the content of cell wall material is high, its incomplete combustion will not only lead to the production of smell and irritation, but also affect the release of aroma substances, resulting in dull and opaque aroma and lack of fluffy feeling. One of the functions of β-glucanase is to degrade tobacco cell wall materials from different structural sites, fundamentally reducing the source of the material that produces smoke smell and irritation.

[0061] Comparative Example 3 The varieties of cigar core tobacco leaves in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The cigar core tobacco leaves are treated based on the treatment conditions of Example 12. Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference is that no β-glucanase and pectinase are added to the composite fermentation preparation, and the masses of the protease and the mixed solution are 48g and 800g respectively. After the fermentation is completed, the sensory quality of the retained tobacco leaves treated with Example 12 is compared and evaluated. The specific evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

[0062] Table 5

[0063] It can be seen from Table 5 that the single protease fermentation preparation in Comparative Example 3 lacks two key enzymes that dissociate the tobacco leaf cell wall structure, so the exposure degree of tobacco leaf macromolecules during the fermentation process is reduced and the conversion cannot proceed smoothly, resulting in the sensory quality of the fermented tobacco leaves being significantly different from that of Example 12.

[0064] Comparative Example 4 The varieties of cigar core tobacco leaves in this comparative example are the same as those in Example 1. The cigar core tobacco leaves are treated based on the treatment conditions of Example 12. Under the premise that other conditions remain unchanged, the difference is that no β-glucanase and protease are added to the composite fermentation preparation, and the masses of pectinase and the mixed solution are 32g and 800g respectively. After the fermentation is completed, the sensory quality of the retained tobacco leaves treated with Example 12 is compared and evaluated. The specific evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

[0065] Table 6

[0066] It can be seen from Table 6 that the sensory quality of tobacco leaves fermented with a single pectinase fermentation preparation in Comparative Example 4 is significantly different from that in Example 12. Due to the insufficient ability of the single pectinase fermentation preparation in Comparative Example 4 to dissociate the tobacco leaf cell wall and the lack of the basic enzyme for protein decomposition, the fermentation is insufficient, and the tobacco leaf quality conversion is significantly different from that in Example 12, which is mainly reflected in the lack of tobacco aroma, and the more obvious foreign smell and irritation in the sensory senses. Therefore, the scheme of Comparative Example 4 is not selected.

[0067] The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco, characterized in that: include: Preparation of the composite fermentation preparation: using a mixed solution of single flower honey and white vinegar as a base, adding pectinase, β-glucanase and protease to mix to prepare the composite fermentation preparation; The composite fermentation preparation is sprayed on or soaked in tobacco leaves, and fermentation is carried out at a constant temperature and humidity, and drying is performed after completion.

2. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the single flower honey, the white vinegar and water is 1:1.25:(40-50).

3. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The single flower honey includes one or more of linden honey, locust flower honey or jujube flower honey.

4. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pectinase is Pectinex, the β-glucanase is Viscozyme, the protease is Flavourzyme, and the mass ratio of the pectinase, the β-glucanase, the protease and the mixed solution is 1:(0.5~1):(1~1.5):(25~50).

5. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the composite fermentation preparation to the tobacco leaf is 1:(5-10).

6. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: Every 20 to 25 pieces of the tobacco leaves are tied into a bunch and hung vertically for fermentation.

7. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation temperature is 48~52℃, the fermentation humidity is 75%~85%, and the fermentation time is 2~3 days.

8. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized in that: After drying, the moisture content of the tobacco leaves is reduced to 28% to 32%.

9. A fermented preparation for cigar filler tobacco, characterized in that: It is the composite fermentation preparation in the method for improving the quality of cigar core tobacco leaves as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The method for improving the quality of cigar filler tobacco leaves according to any one of claims 1 to 8, or the use of the fermentation preparation for cigar filler tobacco leaves according to claim 9 in the production of cigars and tobacco products.

Images