A method and system for recycling and processing waste household appliances

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of waste recycling, and particularly to a method and system for recycling and treating waste household appliances. The method includes crushing and preliminary separation, cleaning, plastic softening and separation, circuit board hot melting and separation, plastic collection and recycling; the system includes a crushing device, a magnetic separation device, a wind separation device, a cleaning device, a sewage treatment device, a plastic softening and separation device, a circuit board hot melting and separation device, and an exhaust gas purification device. The recycling method in the present invention can perform high-purity sorting on products such as plastics and precious metals in waste household appliances, improving the recycling value of the sorted products; at the same time, the treatment system of the present invention is energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of waste recycling, and particularly to a method and system for recycling waste household appliances. Background Art

[0002] With the acceleration of the replacement of household appliances, a large number of waste household appliances gradually enter the market. Waste household appliances contain a large amount of recyclable resources, such as metals, plastics, and glass. However, the traditional method for recycling waste household appliances is simply to crush and separate the waste household appliances and then recycle them. This treatment method does not thoroughly process the plastic waste, and there are still some metal components on the plastic waste. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for recycling waste household appliances. The present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0004] The present invention provides a method for recycling waste household appliances, including the following steps:

[0005] Step 1, Crushing and Preliminary Separation

[0006] The waste household appliances are processed into appropriately sized fragments by a crushing device, and then are preliminarily separated by a magnetic separation device and a wind separation device; the magnetic separation device is used to separate metals, and the wind separation device separates light materials from heavier glass and metal particles through air flow, ensuring that the materials enter the corresponding treatment processes;

[0007] Step 2, Cleaning of the Crushed Material

[0008] The light materials separated in Step 1 are subjected to deep thermal steam cleaning by a cleaning device to remove the remaining oil stains, dust, and impurities on the surface; the sewage generated during this process is treated by a sewage treatment device to ensure that the sewage discharge meets the national environmental protection standards;

[0009] Step 3, Plastic Softening and Separation

[0010] The cleaned light materials enter a plastic softening and separation device, and the plastic part attached to the light materials is further softened by high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature, promoting the separation of the plastic part on the light materials from the circuit board part;

[0011] Step 4, Thermal Melting and Separation of the Circuit Board

[0012] The separated circuit boards enter a circuit board thermal melting and separation device, and the solder is melted and the precious metals are separated from the components by heating with high-temperature and high-pressure steam; the waste gas generated during the thermal melting and separation of the circuit board is treated by a waste gas purification device to ensure up-to-standard discharge;

[0013] Step 6: Resource Collection and Recycling

[0014] In step one, the metals and glass materials separated by the magnetic separation and air separation equipment enter the corresponding recovery channels; in step three, the plastics after softening and impurity separation are collected and sent to the regeneration system; in step four, the precious metals and electronic components in the circuit board are centrally collected after hot melting separation.

[0015] The present invention also provides a system for implementing the above-mentioned waste household appliance recycling and treatment method, including: a crushing device, a magnetic separation device, an air separation device, a cleaning device, a sewage treatment device, a plastic softening and separation device, a circuit board hot melting and separation device, and an exhaust gas purification device;

[0016] The cleaning device includes a cleaning outer chamber, and a cleaning inner chamber with screen holes is arranged inside the cleaning outer chamber. The cleaning inner chamber is power-connected to a cleaning rotary drive motor arranged on the cleaning outer chamber. A plurality of cleaning steam spray nozzles facing the cleaning inner chamber are arranged on the wall of the cleaning outer chamber; a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom right end of the cleaning outer chamber, and a slag discharge screw conveyor is arranged inside the cleaning outer chamber. The slag discharge screw conveyor is located below the cleaning inner chamber, and the right end of the slag discharge screw conveyor extends to the slag discharge port; spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the cleaning inner chamber.

[0017] The plastic softening and separation device includes a softening outer chamber, and a softening inner chamber with screen holes is arranged inside the softening outer chamber. A stirrer is arranged in the softening inner chamber, and a plurality of softening steam spray nozzles facing the softening inner chamber are arranged on the wall of the softening outer chamber; a plurality of plastic melt discharge ports are arranged at the bottom of the softening outer chamber; spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the softening inner chamber.

[0018] The circuit board hot melting and separation device includes a hot melting and separation outer chamber, and a hot melting and separation inner chamber with screen holes is arranged inside the hot melting and separation outer chamber. The hot melting and separation inner chamber is power-connected to a hot melting rotary drive motor arranged on the hot melting and separation outer chamber. A plurality of hot melting steam spray nozzles facing the hot melting and separation inner chamber are arranged on the wall of the hot melting and separation outer chamber; a metal melt discharge port is arranged at the bottom right end of the hot melting and separation outer chamber, and a melt discharge screw conveyor is arranged inside the hot melting and separation outer chamber. The melt discharge screw conveyor is located below the hot melting and separation inner chamber, and the right end of the melt discharge screw conveyor extends to the metal melt discharge port; spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the hot melting and separation inner chamber.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The recycling method in the present invention can perform high-purity sorting on the plastic products in household appliance waste, improving the recycling utilization and recovery rate of the sorted products; at the same time, the treatment system of the present invention reduces water resource waste, energy conservation and environmental protection. Description of the Drawings

[0021] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the method for recycling and treating waste household appliances of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a layout schematic diagram of the waste household appliance recycling and treatment system of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the cleaning equipment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the plastic softening and separation equipment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the circuit board hot melting and separation equipment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the drawings: 1. Crushing equipment; 2. Magnetic separation equipment; 3. Air separation equipment; 4. Cleaning equipment; 401. Cleaning outer chamber; 402. Cleaning inner chamber; 403. Cleaning rotary drive motor; 404. Cleaning steam nozzle; 405. Slag discharge port; 406. Slag discharge screw conveyor; 5. Sewage treatment equipment; 6. Plastic softening and separation equipment; 601. Softening outer chamber; 602. Softening inner chamber; 603. Stirrer; 604. Softening steam nozzle; 605. Plastic melt discharge port; 7. Circuit board hot melting and separation equipment; 701. Hot melting and separation outer chamber; 702. Hot melting and separation inner chamber; 703. Hot melting rotary drive motor; 704. Hot melting steam nozzle; 705. Metal melt discharge port; 706. Melt conveyor; 8. Exhaust gas purification equipment. Specific embodiments

[0028] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] As Figure 1 shown, a method for recycling and treating waste household appliances is disclosed in this embodiment, including the following steps:

[0030] Step 1, crushing and preliminary separation. The waste household appliances are processed into appropriately sized pieces by the crushing equipment 1, and then are preliminarily separated by the magnetic separation equipment 2 and the air separation equipment 3; the magnetic separation equipment 2 is used to separate metals, and the air separation equipment 3 separates light materials from heavier glass and metal particles through air flow to ensure that the materials enter the corresponding treatment links;

[0031] Step 2: Cleaning of the crushed material. The light material separated in step 1 is deeply cleaned with hot steam by a cleaning device 4 to remove residual oil, dust and impurities on the surface. The wastewater generated in this process is treated by a wastewater treatment device 5 to ensure that the wastewater discharge meets national environmental protection standards.

[0032] Step 3: Plastic softening and separation. The cleaned lightweight material enters the plastic softening and separation equipment 6, which further softens the plastic part attached to the lightweight material by passing high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature, thereby separating the plastic part of the lightweight material from the circuit board part.

[0033] Step 4: PCB hot melt separation. The separated PCBs enter the PCB hot melt separation equipment 7, where they are heated by high-temperature, high-pressure steam at a set temperature to melt the solder and separate the precious metals from the components. The waste gas generated during the PCB hot melt separation process is treated by the waste gas purification equipment 8 to ensure that it meets emission standards.

[0034] Step 6: Resource collection and recycling. In step 1, the metal and glass materials separated by magnetic separation and air separation equipment enter the corresponding recycling channel; in step 3, the plastics after softening and impurity separation are collected and sent to the recycling system; in step 4, the precious metals and electronic components in the circuit board are collected together after hot-melt separation.

[0035] like Figures 2-5 As shown, this embodiment also provides a system for implementing the above-mentioned waste household appliance recycling and processing method, which mainly includes crushing equipment 1, magnetic separation equipment 2, air separation equipment 3, cleaning equipment 4, sewage treatment equipment 5, plastic softening and separation equipment 6, circuit board hot melt separation equipment 7 and exhaust gas purification equipment 8.

[0036] The cleaning apparatus 4 includes an outer cleaning chamber 401, within which is located an inner cleaning chamber 402 with a mesh screen. The inner cleaning chamber 402 is powered by a rotary cleaning drive motor 403 located within the outer cleaning chamber 401. The walls of the outer cleaning chamber 401 are provided with multiple cleaning steam nozzles 404 directed toward the inner cleaning chamber 402. A slag discharge port 405 is located at the bottom right end of the outer cleaning chamber 401. A slag discharge screw 406 is located within the outer cleaning chamber 401, below the inner cleaning chamber 402. The right end of the screw 406 extends to the slag discharge port 405. Residue that falls from the inner cleaning chamber 402 into the outer cleaning chamber 401 is discharged through the slag discharge port 405.

[0037] During specific operation, steam enters the inner bin through the cleaning steam nozzle 404 at 90-120° C., evenly covers the surface of the material, and further enhances the cleaning effect through rotation and stirring.

[0038] Washing wastewater is treated by a sewage treatment system. This system primarily consists of sedimentation tanks, filters, and a biological treatment unit. Sedimentation tanks and filters remove particulate matter from the wastewater, which is then further purified through multiple layers of filters. The biological treatment unit uses microbial treatment to degrade organic pollutants in the water, ensuring that wastewater discharge meets national environmental standards.

[0039] The plastic softening and separation device 6 includes an outer softening chamber 601, which houses an inner softening chamber 602 with a mesh mesh. The inner softening chamber 602 is equipped with an agitator 603. The walls of the outer softening chamber 601 are provided with multiple softening steam nozzles 604 directed toward the inner softening chamber 602. The bottom of the outer softening chamber 601 is provided with multiple plastic melt outlets 605, which separate the plastic portion of the lightweight material from the circuit board portion and discharge the plastic melt through the outlets 605.

[0040] The specific operation process of the plastic softening and separation equipment 6 is as follows: under 120-250°C steam, the plastic material is softened, impurities (such as metal particles, glass fragments) are separated from the plastic and remain in the softening inner bin 602, and the softened plastic enters the softening outer bin 601.

[0041] The circuit board hot-melt separation device 7 includes an outer hot-melt separation chamber 701, within which is located an inner hot-melt separation chamber 702 with a mesh screen. The inner hot-melt separation chamber 702 is power-connected to a hot-melt rotary drive motor 703 located within the outer hot-melt separation chamber 701. Multiple hot-melt steam nozzles 704 are located on the walls of the outer hot-melt separation chamber 701, facing the inner hot-melt separation chamber. A molten metal discharge port 705 is located at the bottom right end of the outer hot-melt separation chamber 701. A molten metal screw conveyor 706 is located within the outer hot-melt separation chamber 701, below the inner hot-melt separation chamber 702. The right end of the molten metal screw conveyor 706 extends to the molten metal discharge port 705. After separation, the molten solder, precious metals, and components are discharged from the molten metal discharge port 705.

[0042] Specific operation process of circuit board hot melt separation equipment 7: the steam temperature is set at 250-350℃.

[0043] The exhaust gas generated during the hot melt separation process of the circuit boards is treated by exhaust gas purification equipment 8 to ensure that it meets emission standards. Exhaust gas purification equipment 8 includes a multi-stage filtration device and an activated carbon adsorption unit, equipped with a condensation system to effectively remove harmful substances from the exhaust gas. The high-temperature exhaust gas is first cooled by the condensation system, then enters the multi-stage filter to remove particulate impurities, and the activated carbon adsorption unit further removes harmful components. The purified gas emissions meet national environmental protection standards.

[0044] It should be noted that the right ends of the outer cleaning chamber 401, the inner cleaning chamber 402, the outer softening chamber 601, the inner softening chamber 602, the outer hot melt separation chamber 701 and the inner hot melt separation chamber 702 are all provided with openable doors. After the doors of the outer chamber and the inner chamber are opened, materials can be put into the inner chamber.

[0045] A number of spiral blades are arranged along the axis on the inner wall of the inner cleaning chamber 402, the inner softening chamber 602 and the inner melt separation chamber 702. The forward rotation of the inner chamber is convenient for transporting materials into the chamber through the spiral blades, and the reverse rotation of the inner chamber can achieve discharging.

[0046] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for recycling and treating waste household appliances, characterized in that, The following steps are involved: Step 1: Crushing and initial separation The discarded household appliances are processed into pieces of appropriate size by a crushing device (1), and then initially separated by a magnetic separation device (2) and an air separation device (3); the magnetic separation device (2) is used to separate metals, and the air separation device (3) separates light materials from heavier glass and metal particles through air flow, ensuring that the materials enter the corresponding processing links; Step 2: Cleaning the crushed material The light material separated in step 1 is subjected to deep hot steam cleaning by a cleaning device (4) to remove residual oil, dust and impurities on the surface; The wastewater generated during this process is treated by sewage treatment equipment (5) to ensure that the wastewater discharge meets national environmental protection standards; Step 3: Plastic softening and separation The cleaned lightweight material enters the plastic softening and separation device (6), where the plastic part attached to the lightweight material is further softened by high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature, thereby separating the plastic part from the circuit board part of the lightweight material; Step 4: Separate the circuit board by hot melt The separated circuit boards enter the circuit board hot-melt separation equipment (7), where they are heated by high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a set temperature to melt the solder and separate the precious metals from the components. The waste gas generated during the hot-melt separation of the circuit boards is treated by the waste gas purification equipment (8) to ensure that the emissions meet the standards. Step 6: Resource Collection and Recycling In step one, the metal and glass materials separated by magnetic separation and air separation equipment enter the corresponding recycling channel; in step three, the plastics after softening and separation of impurities are collected and sent to the regeneration system; in step four, the precious metals and electronic components in the circuit board are collected together after hot melt separation.

2. A system for implementing the waste household appliance recycling and treatment method according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: Crushing equipment (1), magnetic separation equipment (2), air separation equipment (3), cleaning equipment (4), sewage treatment equipment (5), plastic softening and separation equipment (6), circuit board hot melt separation equipment (7) and exhaust gas purification equipment (8); The cleaning device (4) comprises a cleaning outer bin (401), a cleaning inner bin (402) with mesh holes is provided inside the cleaning outer bin (401), the cleaning inner bin (402) is connected to a cleaning rotary drive motor (403) provided in the cleaning outer bin (401), a plurality of cleaning steam nozzles (404) facing the cleaning inner bin (402) are provided on the bin wall of the cleaning outer bin (401), a slag discharge port (405) is provided at the bottom of the right end of the cleaning outer bin (401), a slag discharge screw conveyor (406) is provided inside the cleaning outer bin (401), the slag discharge screw conveyor (406) is located below the cleaning inner bin (402), the right end of the slag discharge screw conveyor (406) extends to the slag discharge port (405), and spiral blades are provided on the inner wall of the cleaning inner bin (402); The plastic softening and separating device (6) includes a softening outer chamber (601). Inside the softening outer chamber (601), there is a softening inner chamber (602) with screen holes. A stirrer (603) is arranged in the softening inner chamber (602). On the wall of the softening outer chamber (601), there are multiple softening steam nozzles (604) facing the softening inner chamber (602). At the bottom of the softening outer chamber (601), there are multiple plastic melt discharge ports (605). On the inner wall of the softening inner chamber (602), there are spiral blades. The circuit board hot melting and separating device (7) includes a hot melting and separating outer chamber (701). Inside the hot melting and separating outer chamber (701), there is a hot melting and separating inner chamber (702) with screen holes. The hot melting and separating inner chamber (702) is power-connected to a hot melting rotary drive motor (703) arranged in the hot melting and separating outer chamber (701). On the wall of the hot melting and separating outer chamber (701), there are multiple hot melting steam nozzles (704) facing the hot melting and separating inner chamber. At the bottom right end of the hot melting and separating outer chamber (701), there is a metal melt discharge port (705). Inside the hot melting and separating outer chamber (701), there is a melt screw conveyor (706). The melt screw conveyor (706) is located below the hot melting and separating inner chamber (702). The right end of the melt screw conveyor (706) extends to the metal melt discharge port (705). On the inner wall of the hot melting and separating inner chamber (702), there are spiral blades.

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