Lithium battery control system that can be connected in parallel or series

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of lithium battery technology and provides a parallel and series lithium battery control system, including a receiving module for receiving the operating data of an agricultural vehicle and obtaining the status parameters of each lithium battery; a controller for predicting the next operating mode required by the agricultural vehicle based on the operating data, where the operating mode is a high-power mode or a long-endurance mode; when the operating mode is the high-power mode, further determining the corresponding target operating voltage, and screening and obtaining a number of target lithium batteries based on the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module; a series-parallel switching module for switching each target lithium battery to a series state. The present invention can accurately predict the operating mode based on the vehicle operating data, thereby flexibly adjusting the series mode or parallel mode of the lithium battery according to high-power operation or long-endurance operation, so as to ensure the power supply adapted to the operating mode, meet the needs of different scenarios, and improve agricultural operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a parallel and series connected lithium battery control system. Background Art

[0002] In today's agricultural modernization, lithium batteries, as a clean and efficient energy source, are gradually emerging in the agricultural vehicle sector. With the continuous expansion of agricultural production and increasing environmental protection requirements, the environmental pollution and high operating costs caused by traditional fuel-powered agricultural vehicles have become increasingly prominent. Lithium-battery-powered agricultural vehicles, with their zero emissions, low noise, and low operating costs, have become a key development direction for agricultural vehicles.

[0003] Agricultural operating environments are complex and diverse, and different scenarios place varying demands on the power and endurance of agricultural vehicles. For example, plowing and seeding operations across large farmland require strong power output from agricultural vehicles to drive large agricultural machinery, often requiring higher voltages to provide sufficient power. Meanwhile, more refined management operations in relatively smaller areas, such as orchards and vegetable gardens, such as fertilizing and spraying, place higher demands on vehicle range and require larger batteries to sustain extended operations.

[0004] However, existing lithium-ion battery systems for agricultural vehicles have numerous limitations. Most existing systems employ a fixed series-parallel connection scheme, preventing the flexibility to adjust the battery configuration to meet operational needs. For example, when agricultural vehicles switch from high-power applications to those requiring long-range driving, the voltage and capacity cannot be optimized by changing the battery configuration. This results in low energy efficiency and an inability to fully utilize the performance advantages of lithium-ion batteries.

[0005] Furthermore, because lithium battery cells can experience inconsistencies in parameters such as voltage, capacity, and internal resistance during use, battery imbalance can occur when used in series or parallel. This imbalance can lead to over-discharge of some cells in the battery pack, accelerating battery aging and shortening the overall battery pack life. For agricultural vehicles, frequent battery replacement not only increases operating costs but also affects the continuity and efficiency of agricultural operations. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a parallel and serial lithium battery control system, electronic equipment, computer storage medium and computer program product to solve the above technical problems.

[0007] The present invention discloses a parallel and serial lithium battery control system, which is applied to agricultural vehicles. The system includes a receiving module, a controller, and a serial-parallel switching module.

[0008] The receiving module is used to receive the operation data of the agricultural vehicle and obtain the status parameters of each lithium battery;

[0009] The controller is configured to predict, based on the operating data, a next operating mode required by the agricultural vehicle, where the operating mode is a high-power mode or a long-endurance mode; when the operating mode is the high-power mode, further determine a corresponding target operating voltage, and select and obtain a plurality of target lithium batteries based on the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module;

[0010] The series-parallel switching module is used to switch each of the target lithium batteries into a series state.

[0011] Optionally, predicting the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes:

[0012] If the operation data is positioning data and operation plan data, the positioning data is compared with the operation plan data to determine the target plot and the corresponding operation type to be performed next by the agricultural vehicle;

[0013] The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

[0014] Optionally, predicting the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes:

[0015] If the operation data is implement connection data, the implement type of the connected implement is obtained by parsing the implement connection data, and the corresponding operation type is obtained according to the implement type;

[0016] The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

[0017] Optionally, predicting the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes:

[0018] If the operation data is image data corresponding to the front of the agricultural vehicle, extracting land features from the image data and predicting a corresponding operation type based on the land features;

[0019] The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

[0020] Optionally, when the operating mode is the high power mode, a corresponding target operating voltage is further determined, and a plurality of target lithium batteries are obtained by screening according to the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module, including:

[0021] When the operating mode is a high-power mode, determining a corresponding target operating voltage according to the operating type corresponding to the high-power mode, and obtaining a number of lithium batteries and a set of candidate lithium batteries according to the target operating voltage, wherein the set of candidate lithium batteries includes lithium batteries corresponding to the number of lithium batteries and adapted to the target operating voltage;

[0022] Randomly grouping the lithium batteries in the candidate lithium battery set, and using a simulation unit to perform in-depth analysis on the state parameters and the target operating voltage of the lithium batteries in each group to predict the expected heat generation per unit time;

[0023] Screening and obtaining a specified number of groups whose expected heat generation per unit time is lower than a heat generation threshold, and determining the group with the smallest expected heat generation per unit time as the target group, and determining the other groups as backup groups;

[0024] The lithium batteries in the target group and each of the standby groups are the target lithium batteries.

[0025] Optionally, the specified number is determined by:

[0026] Obtaining an average amplitude of the operation voltage fluctuation based on historical operation data of each operation type, and constructing a mapping relationship of "operation type-average amplitude-specified quantity" based on the average amplitude;

[0027] The operation type is compared with the "operation type-average amplitude-specified quantity" mapping relationship to obtain the specified quantity.

[0028] Optionally, the series-parallel switching module switches each of the target lithium batteries to a series state through a relay, a MOSFET, or a BMS system.

[0029] The present invention also discloses an electronic device, which is applied to the parallel and serial lithium battery control system as described in any of the above items, and includes: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the at least one processor.

[0030] The present invention further discloses a computer storage medium, which is applied to a parallel and serial lithium battery control system as described in any of the above items, and the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program.

[0031] The present invention also discloses a computer program product, which is applied to a parallel and serial lithium battery control system as described in any of the above items, and the computer program product contains computer program codes that can be executed by a processor of an electronic device.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0033] (1) The present invention can accurately predict the operation mode based on the vehicle operation data, thereby flexibly adjusting the series mode or parallel mode of the lithium battery according to high-power operation or long-endurance operation, so as to ensure the power supply adapted to the operation mode, meet the needs of different scenarios, and improve agricultural operation efficiency.

[0034] (2) The present invention also effectively solves the imbalance problem caused by differences in battery cells by analyzing and screening lithium battery status parameters, extending the battery pack life and improving utilization efficiency. In addition, flexible series-parallel control enhances system adaptability, and precise control strategies can reduce the risk of failure, improve system reliability, and ensure the safe operation of agricultural vehicles. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a parallel and serial lithium battery control system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of this application. Those familiar with the art can easily understand the other advantages and functions of this application from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, but not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a parallel and serial lithium battery control system, which is applied to agricultural vehicles. The system includes a receiving module, a controller, and a serial-parallel switching module;

[0040] The receiving module is used to receive the operation data of the agricultural vehicle and obtain the status parameters of each lithium battery.

[0041] In addition to the parallel- and serial-connectable lithium battery control system described above, agricultural vehicles are also equipped with various sensors (such as speed sensors, position sensors, implement status sensors, and cameras). These sensors can detect and obtain real-time operational data from the agricultural vehicle, including the vehicle's current speed and location (obtained via GPS or other positioning devices), the type of mounted implement (such as a plow or seed drill), the implement's operating status (whether it is currently operating, its operating power, etc.), and information about the characteristics of the land ahead. These various sensors transmit the collected data in real time to a receiving module, which then transmits it to a controller.

[0042] The receiving module also communicates directly with each individual lithium-ion battery module to obtain its status parameters, including but not limited to the battery's voltage, current, temperature, and remaining capacity (State of Charge (SOC)). These parameters reflect the battery's health and current energy storage capacity, and are crucial for subsequent battery selection and series and parallel control. Sensors integrated into the lithium-ion battery modules monitor these parameters in real time and transmit the data to the receiving module, which then transmits it to the controller.

[0043] The controller is used to predict the next operating mode required by the agricultural vehicle based on the operating data, where the operating mode is a high-power mode or a long-endurance mode; when the operating mode is a high-power mode, the controller further determines the corresponding target operating voltage, and selects a number of target lithium batteries based on the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module.

[0044] The controller normally operates the agricultural vehicle in long-range mode, essentially connecting each lithium-ion battery (or multiple batteries forming a single battery pack, each connected in parallel) in parallel. Based on the received operational data, the controller uses a pre-set algorithm or model to predict the agricultural vehicle's next operational mode. If the operational data indicates the vehicle will need to perform high-intensity tasks, such as plowing or deep tilling, which require significant power output, the predicted operational mode is high-power mode. If the operational data indicates the vehicle primarily performs relatively light, long-duration tasks, such as field patrols or pesticide spraying, the predicted operational mode is long-range mode.

[0045] When high-power mode is predicted, the controller needs to determine the electrical system requirements for driving the agricultural implements (such as the rated voltage of the implement drive motor and the operating voltage of other electrical equipment) based on the types of agricultural implements corresponding to the work to be performed by the agricultural vehicle, and then determine the target operating voltage.

[0046] Then, based on the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module, suitable lithium batteries are screened as target lithium batteries. Screening criteria include whether the lithium battery voltage is close to the individual cell voltage required for the target operating voltage, whether there is sufficient remaining charge, and the battery health status, to ensure that the series-connected battery pack can stably provide the required voltage and power.

[0047] For example, when predicting that the agricultural vehicle will next perform plowing operations, the controller determines that the next operating mode will be high-power mode, as plowing requires greater power. Knowing that the tractor's drive motor requires a voltage of 48V to operate properly during high-power operation, the control system determines the target operating voltage to be 48V. Considering that the nominal voltage of each lithium battery module is approximately 12V, four lithium battery modules are required to be connected in series. The controller screens each lithium battery module based on its status parameters (such as voltage, current, temperature, and SOC). Assuming a total of six lithium battery modules, lithium batteries A, B, and C, with voltages close to 12V and a higher SOC, and another lithium battery D are ultimately selected as target lithium battery modules because their status is more suitable for series connection to meet the requirements of high-power operation.

[0048] The series-parallel switching module is used to switch each of the target lithium batteries into a series state.

[0049] The series-parallel switching module includes a circuit switching device that connects the target lithium-ion batteries in series by switching the connection circuits between the lithium-ion batteries. Once connected in series, the voltages of the individual lithium-ion batteries are added together to create a battery pack that meets the target operating voltage, providing the required power for agricultural vehicles in high-power mode.

[0050] The present invention can accurately predict the operating mode based on vehicle operating data, thereby flexibly adjusting the series or parallel mode of the lithium battery according to high-power operation or long-endurance operation, to ensure the power supply adapted to the operating mode, meet the needs of different scenarios, and improve agricultural operation efficiency. At the same time, the present invention also uses the analysis and screening of lithium battery status parameters to effectively solve the imbalance problem caused by differences in battery cells, extend the life of the battery pack, and improve utilization efficiency. In addition, flexible series and parallel control enhances system adaptability, and precise control strategies can reduce the risk of failure, improve system reliability, and safeguard the safe operation of agricultural vehicles.

[0051] Optionally, predicting the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes:

[0052] If the operation data is positioning data and operation plan data, the positioning data is compared with the operation plan data to determine the target plot and the corresponding operation type to be performed next by the agricultural vehicle;

[0053] The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

[0054] In this embodiment, the agricultural vehicle is equipped with a positioning device such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) or a BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (COMPASS), thereby obtaining latitude and longitude coordinates that accurately reflect the current geographical location of the agricultural vehicle.

[0055] At the same time, agricultural production managers will prepare operation plan data in advance, which records in detail the operation arrangements of agricultural vehicles in different plots of land, covering the location information of each plot, the type of operation planned to be performed (such as plowing, sowing, fertilizing, harvesting, etc.) and operation time.

[0056] By carefully comparing real-time positioning data with pre-set work plan data, the current position of the agricultural vehicle can be accurately determined relative to the various plots in the work plan, thereby determining the target plot for the vehicle to proceed to and perform work. Furthermore, the corresponding work type is determined based on the work content specified for that target plot in the work plan data.

[0057] For example, a farm's operation plan data indicates that Plot A is scheduled for seeding on Monday morning, and Plot B is scheduled for fertilization on Monday afternoon. After comparing its positioning data with the operation plan data, the agricultural vehicle finds that it is heading toward Plot A and will soon arrive. Given that the current time is Monday morning, it can be determined that the target plot is Plot A and the corresponding operation type is seeding.

[0058] The preset "operation type-operation mode" association is a pre-set correspondence rule based on the actual needs and characteristics of agricultural operations. Different operation types correspond to different operation modes due to their different requirements for power, endurance, etc. Common operation modes are mainly divided into high-power mode and long-endurance mode. High-power mode: Suitable for those operation types that require instantaneous high power output and high power requirements, such as ploughing operations. Because ploughing requires overcoming greater soil resistance, the drive motor of the agricultural vehicle requires higher power to drive the agricultural implements for operation. Long-endurance mode: Suitable for those operation types that last longer, have higher endurance requirements but relatively low power requirements, such as farmland patrols, pesticide spraying, etc. These operations require the vehicle to operate stably for a long time, so more attention is paid to the battery life.

[0059] After determining the operation type, the corresponding operation mode can be directly determined by searching the preset "operation type-operation mode" association table. For example, if the determined operation type is ploughing, the association table shows that ploughing corresponds to high power mode, so it can be concluded that the agricultural vehicle's next operation mode is high power mode.

[0060] Through this operation mode prediction solution based on positioning data and operation plan data, the parallel and series lithium battery control system of agricultural vehicles can be prepared in advance. In high-power mode, the lithium batteries can be reasonably connected in series to increase the output voltage and power. In long-endurance mode, a suitable parallel method can be used to increase the battery capacity, thereby effectively improving energy utilization efficiency and meeting the diverse needs of agricultural production.

[0061] Optionally, predicting the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes:

[0062] If the operation data is implement connection data, the implement type of the connected implement is obtained by parsing the implement connection data, and the corresponding operation type is obtained according to the implement type;

[0063] The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

[0064] In this embodiment, implement connection data refers to the information about the implement acquired by the receiving module after the implement is connected to the agricultural vehicle. This information can be transmitted to the receiving module of the vehicle via electronic interfaces, sensors, and other devices, and may be expressed in digital codes, signal characteristics, and other forms.

[0065] The receiving module has a data parsing function, capable of interpreting received implement connection data. Using pre-set decoding rules or algorithms, it derives specific implement type information. For example, if a plow is connected, the implement connection data may include specific current signals and identification codes from the communication protocol. By analyzing this data, the control system can identify the connected implement as a plow.

[0066] Different agricultural implements are designed to perform specific agricultural tasks, and therefore each implement corresponds to a specific task type. For example, a plow is primarily used for tillage, a seed drill is used for sowing, and a harvester is used for harvesting. The vehicle's control system pre-stores a table that maps implement type to task type. After determining the type of connected implement, the control system searches this table to determine the task type for that implement. For example, if the connected implement is determined to be a seed drill, the corresponding task type can be determined to be sowing by searching the table.

[0067] Finally, after determining the job type, the job mode corresponding to the job type is directly found by querying the preset "job type-job mode" association table. The details are the same as above and will not be repeated here.

[0068] Optionally, predicting the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes:

[0069] If the operation data is image data corresponding to the front of the agricultural vehicle, extracting land features from the image data and predicting a corresponding operation type based on the land features;

[0070] The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

[0071] In this embodiment, a camera can be installed at the front of the agricultural vehicle, with its field of view covering the cultivated land in front of the agricultural vehicle. The collected image data is processed using computer vision technology. Specifically, the steps include: image preprocessing (such as denoising and contrast enhancement) to improve image quality; then, a feature extraction algorithm (such as a convolutional network) is used to identify and extract various land features. Land features include at least:

[0072] Soil condition: Soil color, moisture, flatness, etc. Dry, lighter soil may indicate a need for irrigation, while uneven soil may require leveling.

[0073] Vegetation coverage: This includes vegetation type, density, and growth status. If the vegetation is lush and meets harvest standards, harvesting may be necessary; if the vegetation is sparse or has weeds, replanting or weeding may be necessary.

[0074] Topography: whether there are gullies, slopes, etc., can be used to determine whether land consolidation is needed.

[0075] Different land characteristics often correspond to specific agricultural operation types. By summarizing extensive agricultural production experience and data, we have established a pre-defined relationship between land characteristics and operation types. For example, if the extracted land characteristics show compacted soil and abundant weeds, the corresponding operation type may be ploughing and weeding; if the vegetation is well-grown but mature, the corresponding operation type may be harvesting.

[0076] After extracting the land features, they can be compared and analyzed with pre-set corresponding relationships, or through logical judgment and model prediction, to determine the most likely corresponding operation type.

[0077] After determining the operation type, the operation mode corresponding to the operation type is directly found by querying the preset "operation type-operation mode" association table. The details are the same as above and will not be repeated here.

[0078] It should be noted that the above three methods for determining the operating mode and the corresponding sensors can be equipped on the agricultural vehicle at the same time, or only one or more of them can be equipped. When multiple methods are equipped, the user can manually switch one or more of them into an enabled state. The present invention is not limited to this.

[0079] Optionally, when the operating mode is the high power mode, a corresponding target operating voltage is further determined, and a plurality of target lithium batteries are obtained by screening according to the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module, including:

[0080] When the operating mode is a high-power mode, determining a corresponding target operating voltage according to the operating type corresponding to the high-power mode, and obtaining a number of lithium batteries and a set of candidate lithium batteries according to the target operating voltage, wherein the set of candidate lithium batteries includes lithium batteries corresponding to the number of lithium batteries and adapted to the target operating voltage;

[0081] Randomly grouping the lithium batteries in the candidate lithium battery set, and using a simulation unit to perform in-depth analysis on the state parameters and the target operating voltage of the lithium batteries in each group to predict the expected heat generation per unit time;

[0082] Screening and obtaining a specified number of groups whose expected heat generation per unit time is lower than a heat generation threshold, and determining the group with the smallest expected heat generation per unit time as the target group, and determining the other groups as backup groups;

[0083] The lithium batteries in the target group and each of the standby groups are the target lithium batteries.

[0084] In this embodiment, different high-power operation types have different voltage requirements. For example, plowing requires overcoming significant soil resistance, so the motor requires a higher voltage to output sufficient power. Harvesting, while also a high-power operation, requires different voltages depending on the harvesting equipment. Therefore, once the high-power mode is determined, the corresponding target operating voltage is determined based on the specific operation type (e.g., plowing, harvesting), combined with the requirements of the agricultural vehicle's electrical system and the operating equipment.

[0085] It is known that each lithium battery module has its nominal voltage. By dividing the target operating voltage by the nominal voltage of a single lithium battery, the approximate number of lithium batteries required can be calculated. For example, if the target operating voltage is 48V, and the nominal voltages of the equipped single lithium batteries are 12V, 72V, and 96V, then four 12V lithium batteries are required to be connected in series. Then, lithium batteries that are compatible with the target operating voltage are selected from all lithium battery modules. The voltage, capacity and other parameters of these lithium batteries should be such that the total voltage after series combination can meet the target operating voltage requirement of 48V (the actual voltage of some lithium batteries is lower than 12V, and the actual voltage of some lithium batteries is higher than 12V. The voltage after series connection is closest to 48V by matching high and low). Together, they constitute a set of alternative lithium batteries.

[0086] During high-power operation, lithium batteries generate heat, which is closely related to the battery's state parameters and operating voltage. Through simulation, we can predict the expected heat generation per unit time for each group under high-power operation. By evaluating the thermal performance of different groups in advance, we can avoid shortening battery life or even causing safety issues due to overheating. Specifically:

[0087] The lithium-ion batteries in the candidate lithium-ion battery set are randomly grouped. A simulation unit is then used to predict the heat output of the corresponding lithium-ion battery groups in each group (either the overall heat output of the group or the maximum heat output of a single lithium-ion battery in the group). This is achieved by performing an in-depth analysis of the state parameters (such as voltage, internal resistance, and temperature) of the lithium-ion batteries in each group, as well as the target operating voltage, to predict the expected heat output per unit time. The simulation unit is preferably built using a CNN or Transformer.

[0088] Groups whose expected heat generation per unit time is below a preset heat generation threshold are screened out, and a specified number of groups are selected from these groups. When the actual heat generation per unit time of the lithium battery is below the heat generation threshold (assuming a fixed heat dissipation efficiency of the battery cooling system), the health degradation of the lithium battery is within the normal degradation range. The determination of the specified number typically takes into account backup needs and system reliability requirements. For example, selecting three groups ensures that if a problem occurs in the target group, that is, if the actual heat generation per unit time exceeds the heat generation threshold, there are backup groups available to promptly take over. Among the selected groups, the group with the lowest expected heat generation is identified as the target group. This group generates the least heat under high-power operation, maximizing battery performance and lifespan, and serves as the priority battery pack. The remaining groups are designated as backup groups, ready to be deployed promptly if the target group's heat generation per unit time exceeds the threshold, ensuring normal operation of agricultural vehicles.

[0089] The lithium-ion batteries in the target group and each backup group are the final selected target lithium-ion batteries. These lithium-ion batteries meet the target operating voltage requirements while exhibiting good thermal performance, enabling them to stably and efficiently provide power support for agricultural vehicles in high-power mode.

[0090] Optionally, the specified number is determined by:

[0091] Obtaining an average amplitude of the operation voltage fluctuation based on historical operation data of each operation type, and constructing a mapping relationship of "operation type-average amplitude-specified quantity" based on the average amplitude;

[0092] The operation type is compared with the "operation type-average amplitude-specified quantity" mapping relationship to obtain the specified quantity.

[0093] In this embodiment, the resistance fluctuations experienced by agricultural implements vary significantly depending on the type of operation. For example, during plowing, the resistance of the plow suddenly increases due to hard clods, rocks, and other factors in the soil. At this point, the agricultural vehicle's control system increases the power output to the plow. This increases the actual power output of the lithium battery pack, leading to increased heat generation and a greater likelihood of exceeding the heat generation threshold, which can easily cause the target group to be disconnected and switched to the backup group. For pesticide spraying, on the other hand, the corresponding resistance fluctuations are much milder, and the actual power output fluctuations of the lithium battery pack are also less severe. By cycling between the target group and the backup groups, the health of the lithium batteries in each group can be improved.

[0094] To address the aforementioned practical situation, the present invention pre-acquires historical operation data for each operation type. This historical operation data includes fluctuations in the operating voltage of agricultural vehicles when performing that operation type multiple times, and then calculates the average amplitude of the operating voltage fluctuations. Furthermore, given that the heat dissipation efficiency of a battery cooling system has an upper limit, it is difficult to promptly dissipate heat from individual lithium batteries in a lithium battery pack with excessive heat generation within a short period of time. Therefore, it is necessary to set an appropriate number of backup groups. Generally speaking, the larger the average amplitude, the greater the probability and degree of excessive heat generation in the lithium battery pack currently supplying power, and the corresponding designated number (the appropriate number + 1) is set to a larger number, such as 5, to provide the excessive lithium battery pack with more time to dissipate heat. Conversely, the smaller the average amplitude, the smaller the probability and degree of excessive heat generation in the lithium battery pack currently supplying power, and the corresponding designated number is set to a smaller number, such as 3.

[0095] Conduct preliminary measurements according to the above principles to establish a correlation between "operation type - average amplitude - specified quantity". Compare the actual operation type with this correlation to obtain the corresponding specified quantity.

[0096] Optionally, the series-parallel switching module switches each of the target lithium batteries to a series state through a relay, a MOSFET, or a BMS system.

[0097] In this embodiment, the series-parallel switching module can switch the connection status between the lithium batteries by any of the above methods. The following is an introduction to each switching method:

[0098] A relay is an electrical control device that causes a predetermined step change in the controlled quantity (such as voltage or current) when an input variable reaches a specified value. In a lithium battery series-parallel switching system, the connection between the batteries is changed by closing and opening the relay's contacts. For example, by controlling the on and off of the relay, multiple lithium batteries can be switched from parallel to series connection, or vice versa.

[0099] MOSFETs switch on and off by controlling the gate voltage. In lithium battery series-parallel switching circuits, multiple MOSFETs are used to form a switching network. By controlling the on and off states of the MOSFETs, the connection paths between the batteries are changed, thereby switching between series and parallel states.

[0100] An intelligent battery management system (BMS) integrates battery monitoring, protection, balancing, and control functions. It monitors each lithium battery's voltage, current, temperature, and other parameters in real time and automatically controls the battery's series and parallel switching based on these parameters and preset rules.

[0101] An embodiment of the present invention further discloses an electronic device, which is applied to a parallel and serial lithium battery control system as described in any of the preceding items, and includes: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor.

[0102] An embodiment of the present invention further discloses a computer storage medium, which is applied to a parallel and serial lithium battery control system as described in any of the above items, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program.

[0103] An embodiment of the present invention further discloses a computer program product, which is applied to a parallel and serial lithium battery control system as described in any of the above items. The computer program product includes computer program code that can be executed by a processor of an electronic device.

[0104] It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "includes," or any other variations thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, commodity, or apparatus that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or includes elements inherent to such process, method, commodity, or apparatus. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, commodity, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0105] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0106] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art could make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present patent application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A lithium battery control system capable of parallel or series connection, applied to agricultural vehicles, characterized by: The system includes a receiving module, a controller, and a series-parallel switching module; The receiving module is used to receive the operation data of the agricultural vehicle and obtain the status parameters of each lithium battery; The controller is configured to predict, based on the operating data, a next operating mode required by the agricultural vehicle, where the operating mode is a high-power mode or a long-endurance mode; when the operating mode is the high-power mode, further determine a corresponding target operating voltage, and select and obtain a plurality of target lithium batteries based on the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module; The series-parallel switching module is used to switch each of the target lithium batteries into a series state; When the operating mode is the high power mode, the corresponding target operating voltage is further determined, and a number of target lithium batteries are obtained by screening according to the target operating voltage and the status parameters of each lithium battery module, including: When the operating mode is a high-power mode, determining a corresponding target operating voltage according to the operating type corresponding to the high-power mode, and obtaining a number of lithium batteries and a set of candidate lithium batteries according to the target operating voltage, wherein the set of candidate lithium batteries includes lithium batteries corresponding to the number of lithium batteries and adapted to the target operating voltage; Randomly grouping the lithium batteries in the candidate lithium battery set, and using a simulation unit to perform in-depth analysis on the state parameters and the target operating voltage of the lithium batteries in each group to predict the expected heat generation per unit time; Screening and obtaining a specified number of groups whose expected heat generation per unit time is lower than a heat generation threshold, and determining the group with the smallest expected heat generation per unit time as the target group, and determining the other groups as backup groups; The lithium batteries in the target group and each of the standby groups are the target lithium batteries; The specified quantity is determined as follows: Obtain an average amplitude of the operation voltage fluctuation based on historical operation data of each operation type, and construct a mapping relationship of "operation type-average amplitude-specified quantity" based on the average amplitude; Compare the operation type with the "operation type-average amplitude-specified quantity" mapping relationship to obtain the specified quantity; When the actual heat generation of the target group exceeds the heat generation threshold, the target group will be switched to the standby group.

2. The parallel and serial lithium battery control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predicting of the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes: If the operation data is positioning data and operation plan data, the positioning data is compared with the operation plan data to determine the target plot and the corresponding operation type to be performed next by the agricultural vehicle; The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

3. The parallel and serial lithium battery control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predicting of the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes: If the operation data is implement connection data, the implement type of the connected implement is obtained by parsing the implement connection data, and the corresponding operation type is obtained according to the implement type; The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

4. The parallel and serial lithium battery control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The predicting of the next required operation mode of the agricultural vehicle based on the operation data includes: If the operation data is image data corresponding to the front of the agricultural vehicle, extracting land features from the image data and predicting a corresponding operation type based on the land features; The operation mode is determined based on the operation type and a preset "operation type-operation mode" association relationship.

5. The parallel and serial lithium battery control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The series-parallel switching module switches each of the target lithium batteries to a series state through a relay, a MOSFET, or a BMS system.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that: A parallel and serial lithium battery control system applied to any one of claims 1-5, comprising: at least one processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the at least one processor.

7. A computer storage medium, characterized in that: Applicable to a parallel and serial lithium battery control system as described in any one of claims 1-5, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program.

8. A computer program product, applied to the parallel and serial lithium battery control system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The computer program product includes computer program codes that can be executed by a processor of an electronic device.

Images