Polyurethane foam plastic taking rice hulls as raw materials and preparation method of polyurethane foam plastic

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of polyurethane foam plastics, particularly relates to a polyurethane foam plastic taking rice husk as a raw material and a preparation method thereof, and provides the following scheme aiming at the problem that the existing polyurethane foam plastic is relatively poor in flame retardant property. The invention discloses an environment-friendly foam board which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of rice husks, 1-10 parts of a foam stabilizer, 1-10 parts of a foaming agent, 50-100 parts of isocyanate, 70-90 parts of polyether and 5-10 parts of a catalyst.The rice husks are used as raw materials, can be degraded and recycled, contribute to reduction of resource waste, have the characteristic of environmental protection and good physical properties, and can be recycled, so that the environment-friendly foam board is environment-friendly and has a good application prospect. Compared with the prior art, the flame-retardant plastic has the advantages that certain use requirements can be met in the aspects of strength, heat resistance, toughness and the like, and the flame-retardant property can be greatly improved through the flame-retardant characteristics of the magnesium hydroxide, the diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, the triethyl phosphate, the dimethyl methylphosphonate, the zinc borate, the polystyrene and the polyvinyl chloride.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of polyurethane foam plastics, in particular to a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as a raw material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Polyurethane foam is made by polymerization of isocyanate and hydroxyl compounds. It can be divided into two categories according to its hardness: soft and hard, of which soft is the main variety. Generally speaking, it has excellent elasticity, softness, elongation and compression strength; good chemical stability, resistance to many solvents and oils; excellent wear resistance, 20 times greater than natural sponge; and excellent processability, thermal insulation, adhesion and other properties. It is a high-performance cushioning material.

[0003] The flame retardant properties of existing polyurethane foam plastics are relatively poor, so we propose a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material and a preparation method thereof to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the disadvantage of poor flame retardancy of polyurethane foam plastics in the prior art, and to propose a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] The invention provides a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of rice husk, 1-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 1-10 parts of foaming agent, 50-100 parts of isocyanate, 70-90 parts of polyether, 5-10 parts of catalyst, 1-10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 1-10 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 1-10 parts of triethyl phosphate, 3-12 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 3-12 parts of zinc borate, 5-15 parts of polystyrene and 3-15 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

[0006] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 52-98 parts of rice husk, 2-9 parts of foam stabilizer, 2-9 parts of blowing agent, 52-98 parts of isocyanate, 72-88 parts of polyether, 6-9 parts of catalyst, 2-9 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2-9 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 2-9 parts of triethyl phosphate, 4-11 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 4-11 parts of zinc borate, 6-14 parts of polystyrene, and 4-14 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

[0007] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 55-95 parts of rice husk, 3-8 parts of foam stabilizer, 3-8 parts of blowing agent, 55-95 parts of isocyanate, 75-85 parts of polyether, 6.5-8.5 parts of catalyst, 3-8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3-8 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 3-8 parts of triethyl phosphate, 5-10 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 5-10 parts of zinc borate, 7-13 parts of polystyrene, and 5-13 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

[0008] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 50 parts of rice husks, 1 part of foam stabilizer, 1 part of blowing agent, 50 parts of isocyanate, 70 parts of polyether, 5 parts of catalyst, 1 part of magnesium hydroxide, 1 part of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 1 part of triethyl phosphate, 3 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 3 parts of zinc borate, 5 parts of polystyrene, and 3 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

[0009] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 100 parts of rice husks, 10 parts of foam stabilizer, 10 parts of foaming agent, 100 parts of isocyanate, 90 parts of polyether, 10 parts of catalyst, 10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 10 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 10 parts of triethyl phosphate, 12 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 12 parts of zinc borate, 15 parts of polystyrene, and 15 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

[0010] Preferably, the raw materials include the following parts by weight: 70 parts of rice husks, 5 parts of foam stabilizer, 5 parts of foaming agent, 70 parts of isocyanate, 80 parts of polyether, 7 parts of catalyst, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 5 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 5 parts of triethyl phosphate, 7 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 7 parts of zinc borate, 10 parts of polystyrene, and 10 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

[0011] The present invention also proposes a method for preparing polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, comprising the following steps:

[0012] S1. pre-treating rice husk;

[0013] S2, crushing and grinding the rice husk to obtain rice husk powder;

[0014] S3, mixing rice husk powder with a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent, an isocyanate, a polyether, a catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethylaluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0015] S4, pouring the mixed raw materials into a mold, cooling and molding, and demoulding, thereby obtaining polyurethane foam plastics using rice husk as raw material.

[0016] Preferably, in S1, the rice husk is soaked in water to remove internal impurities and loose fibers, and then dried.

[0017] Preferably, in S2, the rice husk is crushed, ground, and sieved to obtain rice husk powder with uniform particles.

[0018] Preferably, in S3, rice husk powder is mixed with a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent, an isocyanate, a polyether, a catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethylaluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride at a mixing speed of 500 r / min and a mixing time of 5 min to obtain a mixed raw material.

[0019] Magnesium hydroxide is an excellent flame retardant for plastics and rubber products. In terms of environmental protection, it can be used as a flue gas desulfurizer to replace caustic soda and lime as a neutralizer for acidic wastewater. It is also used as an oil additive to play an anti-corrosion and desulfurization role. In addition, it can also be used in the electronics industry, medicine, sugar refining, as a thermal insulation material, and to manufacture other magnesium salt products;

[0020] Triethyl phosphate is a high boiling point solvent, a plasticizer for rubber and plastics. It is also a catalyst. It is also used as a raw material for the preparation of pesticides and insecticides. It is also used as an ethylating agent for the production of ethylene ketone. In Japan, 70% of this product is used as a catalyst and about 20% is used as a solvent.

[0021] (1) Catalysts: xylene isomerization catalyst; olefin polymerization catalyst; catalyst for the manufacture of tetraethyl lead; catalyst for the manufacture of carbodiimide; catalyst for the replacement reaction of trialkylboron and olefin; catalyst for the manufacture of ethylene ketone by high temperature dehydration of acetic acid; catalyst for the polymerization of styrene and conjugated diene compounds; if used in the polymerization of terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, it can prevent fiber discoloration.

[0022] (2) Solvents: solvents for cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate; solvents used to maintain the life of organic peroxide catalysts; solvents for dispersing ethylene fluoride; peroxide agents and diluents used as curing catalysts for polyester resins and epoxy resins.

[0023] (3) Stabilizers: chlorine pesticides and stabilizers; stabilizers for phenolic resins; solid agents for sugar alcohol resins.

[0024] (4) Synthetic resins: curing agent for xylenol formaldehyde resin; softener for phenolic resin used in shell molds; softener for vinyl chloride; plasticizer for vinyl acetate polymer; flame retardant for polyester resin.

[0025] (5) Triethyl phosphate (flame retardant TEP) is a high boiling point solvent, a plasticizer for rubber and plastics, and also used as a raw material for the preparation of pesticides and insecticides, as an ethylating agent and for the production of vinyl ketone. In Japan, 70% of this product is used as a catalyst.

[0026] Dimethyl methylphosphonate is an organic compound with the chemical formula C3H9O3P. It is widely used as an additive flame retardant for polyurethane foam plastics, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins and other materials. It can also be used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, a rare metal extractant, etc.

[0027] Zinc borate is an environmentally friendly non-halogen flame retardant with the characteristics of non-toxicity, low water solubility, high thermal stability, small particle size, low specific gravity, good dispersibility, etc. As a high-efficiency flame retardant, it is widely used in plastics, rubber, coatings and other fields;

[0028] Polystyrene (PS) includes ordinary polystyrene, expanded polystyrene (EPS), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and syndiotactic polystyrene (SPS). Ordinary polystyrene resin is non-toxic, odorless, colorless transparent particles, glass-like brittle materials, and its products have extremely high transparency, light transmittance can reach more than 90%, good electrical insulation performance, easy coloring, good processing fluidity, good rigidity and good chemical corrosion resistance. The disadvantages of ordinary polystyrene are brittleness, low impact strength, easy stress cracking, poor heat resistance and inability to withstand boiling water;

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] The present invention uses rice husk as a raw material, and the rice husk can not only be degraded but also be recycled, which helps to reduce resource waste. The rice husk not only has environmental protection characteristics, but also has good physical properties, such as strength, heat resistance, toughness, etc., which can meet certain usage requirements. The flame retardant properties of magnesium hydroxide, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride can greatly improve the flame retardant performance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] The invention provides a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of rice husk, 1 part of foam stabilizer, 1 part of foaming agent, 50 parts of isocyanate, 70 parts of polyether, 5 parts of catalyst, 1 part of magnesium hydroxide, 1 part of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 1 part of triethyl phosphate, 3 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 3 parts of zinc borate, 5 parts of polystyrene, and 3 parts of polyvinyl chloride;

[0034] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0035] S1, soaking the rice husk in water to remove internal impurities and loose fibers, and then drying;

[0036] S2, crushing, grinding, and screening the rice husks, using enzymes to decompose the cellulose and starch in the rice husks to generate basic materials suitable for making plastics, and obtaining rice husk powder with uniform particles;

[0037] S3, mixing rice husk powder with foam stabilizer, foaming agent, isocyanate, polyether, catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride at a mixing speed of 500 r / min and a mixing time of 5 min to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0038] S4, pouring the mixed raw materials into a mold, cooling and molding, and demoulding, thereby obtaining polyurethane foam plastics using rice husk as raw material.

[0039] Embodiment 2

[0040] The invention provides a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 52 parts of rice husk, 2 parts of foam stabilizer, 2 parts of foaming agent, 52 parts of isocyanate, 72 parts of polyether, 6 parts of catalyst, 2 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 2 parts of triethyl phosphate, 4 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 4 parts of zinc borate, 6 parts of polystyrene, and 4 parts of polyvinyl chloride;

[0041] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1, soaking the rice husk in water to remove internal impurities and loose fibers, and then drying;

[0043] S2, crushing, grinding, and screening the rice husks, using enzymes to decompose the cellulose and starch in the rice husks to generate basic materials suitable for making plastics, and obtaining rice husk powder with uniform particles;

[0044] S3, mixing rice husk powder with foam stabilizer, foaming agent, isocyanate, polyether, catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride at a mixing speed of 500 r / min and a mixing time of 5 min to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0045] S4, pouring the mixed raw materials into a mold, cooling and molding, and demoulding, thereby obtaining polyurethane foam plastics using rice husk as raw material.

[0046] Embodiment 3

[0047] The invention provides a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of rice husk, 5 parts of foam stabilizer, 5 parts of foaming agent, 70 parts of isocyanate, 80 parts of polyether, 7 parts of catalyst, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 5 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 5 parts of triethyl phosphate, 7 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 7 parts of zinc borate, 10 parts of polystyrene, and 10 parts of polyvinyl chloride;

[0048] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1, soaking the rice husk in water to remove internal impurities and loose fibers, and then drying;

[0050] S2, crushing, grinding, and screening the rice husks, using enzymes to decompose the cellulose and starch in the rice husks to generate basic materials suitable for making plastics, and obtaining rice husk powder with uniform particles;

[0051] S3, mixing rice husk powder with foam stabilizer, foaming agent, isocyanate, polyether, catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride at a mixing speed of 500 r / min and a mixing time of 5 min to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0052] S4, pouring the mixed raw materials into a mold, cooling and molding, and demoulding, thereby obtaining polyurethane foam plastics using rice husk as raw material.

[0053] Embodiment 4

[0054] The invention provides a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 98 parts of rice husk, 9 parts of foam stabilizer, 9 parts of foaming agent, 98 parts of isocyanate, 88 parts of polyether, 9 parts of catalyst, 9 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 9 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 9 parts of triethyl phosphate, 11 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 11 parts of zinc borate, 14 parts of polystyrene, and 14 parts of polyvinyl chloride;

[0055] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0056] S1, soaking the rice husk in water to remove internal impurities and loose fibers, and then drying;

[0057] S2, crushing, grinding, and screening the rice husks, using enzymes to decompose the cellulose and starch in the rice husks to generate basic materials suitable for making plastics, and obtaining rice husk powder with uniform particles;

[0058] S3, mixing rice husk powder with foam stabilizer, foaming agent, isocyanate, polyether, catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride at a mixing speed of 500 r / min and a mixing time of 5 min to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0059] S4, pouring the mixed raw materials into a mold, cooling and molding, and demoulding, thereby obtaining polyurethane foam plastics using rice husk as raw material.

[0060] Embodiment 5

[0061] The invention provides a polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rice husk, 10 parts of foam stabilizer, 10 parts of foaming agent, 100 parts of isocyanate, 90 parts of polyether, 10 parts of catalyst, 10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 10 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 10 parts of triethyl phosphate, 12 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 12 parts of zinc borate, 15 parts of polystyrene, and 15 parts of polyvinyl chloride;

[0062] The preparation method comprises the following steps:

[0063] S1, soaking the rice husk in water to remove internal impurities and loose fibers, and then drying;

[0064] S2, crushing, grinding, and screening the rice husks, using enzymes to decompose the cellulose and starch in the rice husks to generate basic materials suitable for making plastics, and obtaining rice husk powder with uniform particles;

[0065] S3, mixing rice husk powder with foam stabilizer, foaming agent, isocyanate, polyether, catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride at a mixing speed of 500 r / min and a mixing time of 5 min to obtain a mixed raw material;

[0066] S4, pouring the mixed raw materials into a mold, cooling and molding, and demoulding, thereby obtaining polyurethane foam plastics using rice husk as raw material.

[0067] The experimental data of the polyurethane foam plastics made of rice husks as raw materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 are compared with conventional polyurethane foam plastics as shown in the following table:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polyurethane foam plastic made from rice husk, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-100 parts of rice husk, 1-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 1-10 parts of foaming agent, 50-100 parts of isocyanate, 70-90 parts of polyether, 5-10 parts of catalyst, 1-10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 1-10 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 1-10 parts of triethyl phosphate, 3-12 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 3-12 parts of zinc borate, 5-15 parts of polystyrene and 3-15 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

2. The polyurethane foam plastic made from rice husk as raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 52-98 parts of rice husk, 2-9 parts of foam stabilizer, 2-9 parts of blowing agent, 52-98 parts of isocyanate, 72-88 parts of polyether, 6-9 parts of catalyst, 2-9 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 2-9 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 2-9 parts of triethyl phosphate, 4-11 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 4-11 parts of zinc borate, 6-14 parts of polystyrene and 4-14 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

3. The polyurethane foam plastic made from rice husk as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-95 parts of rice husk, 3-8 parts of foam stabilizer, 3-8 parts of blowing agent, 55-95 parts of isocyanate, 75-85 parts of polyether, 6.5-8.5 parts of catalyst, 3-8 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 3-8 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 3-8 parts of triethyl phosphate, 5-10 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 5-10 parts of zinc borate, 7-13 parts of polystyrene and 5-13 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

4. The polyurethane foam plastic made from rice husk as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of rice husk, 1 part of foam stabilizer, 1 part of foaming agent, 50 parts of isocyanate, 70 parts of polyether, 5 parts of catalyst, 1 part of magnesium hydroxide, 1 part of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 1 part of triethyl phosphate, 3 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 3 parts of zinc borate, 5 parts of polystyrene and 3 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

5. The polyurethane foam plastic made from rice husk as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of rice husk, 10 parts of foam stabilizer, 10 parts of foaming agent, 100 parts of isocyanate, 90 parts of polyether, 10 parts of catalyst, 10 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 10 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 10 parts of triethyl phosphate, 12 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 12 parts of zinc borate, 15 parts of polystyrene and 15 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

6. The polyurethane foam plastic made from rice husk as a raw material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of rice husk, 5 parts of foam stabilizer, 5 parts of foaming agent, 70 parts of isocyanate, 80 parts of polyether, 7 parts of catalyst, 5 parts of magnesium hydroxide, 5 parts of diethyl aluminum hypophosphite, 5 parts of triethyl phosphate, 7 parts of dimethyl methylphosphonate, 7 parts of zinc borate, 10 parts of polystyrene and 10 parts of polyvinyl chloride.

7. A method for preparing polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. pre-treating rice husk; S2, crushing and grinding the rice husk to obtain rice husk powder; S3, mixing rice husk powder with a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent, an isocyanate, a polyether, a catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethylaluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene, and polyvinyl chloride to obtain a mixed raw material; S4, pouring the mixed raw materials into a mold, cooling and molding, and demoulding, thereby obtaining polyurethane foam plastics using rice husk as raw material.

8. The method for preparing polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material according to claim 7, characterized in that: In S1, the rice husk is soaked in water to remove internal impurities and loose fibers, and then dried.

9. The method for preparing polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material according to claim 8, characterized in that: In S2, the rice husk is crushed, ground, and sieved, and the cellulose and starch in the rice husk are decomposed by enzymes to generate basic materials suitable for making plastics, thereby obtaining rice husk powder with uniform particles.

10. The method for preparing polyurethane foam plastic using rice husk as raw material according to claim 9, characterized in that: In S3, rice husk powder is mixed with a foam stabilizer, a foaming agent, an isocyanate, a polyether, a catalyst, magnesium hydroxide, diethylaluminum hypophosphite, triethyl phosphate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, zinc borate, polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride at a mixing speed of 500 r / min and a mixing time of 5 min to obtain a mixed raw material.

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