Sand prevention and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a sand prevention and control method which comprises the following steps: S1, digging a deep ditch: digging the deep ditch with the depth of 1.5-2 meters, and building a dam body with the height of 1-1.2 meters, and the dam body is constructed by sandy soil; s2, the surface of the dam body is covered with a mulching film, and the seeds are scattered on the sandy soil dam while the mulching film is covered; s3, a nylon net is adopted for conducting film fixing on the dam body covered with the mulching film; s4, the multiple sandy soil dams construct a 50 * 50 m grid layout form on the ground; s5, the flat ground where the windward side of the dam body is located is heightened; s6, ditches are dug in the flat ground where the leeside of the dam body is located; meanwhile, ditches are forbidden to be dug in the two faces except the windward side and the leeward side of the dam body; and S7, the side face with the elevation angle of about 130 degrees faces the wind, and the sandy soil dam is constructed to form a 50 * 50 m grid. A large amount of moisture and water can be generated on the mulching film of the piled dam body; ditching on the leeside of the sandy soil dam can retain water, and dam stacking on the windward side can increase the temperature and humidity under the film and promote seed germination and weed growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sand prevention and control, and in particular to a sand prevention and control method. Background Art

[0003] Since the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification came into effect in my country in 1997, my country has fulfilled its obligations under the Convention, actively promoted the global process of desertification prevention and control, and took the lead in achieving "zero growth" in land degradation worldwide. Common means of sand control and sand fixation generally involve laying sand barriers in desert areas to fix mobile sand dunes and semi-mobile sand dunes for protection. The existing patent CN116058224A discloses a greening method for sand control and sand fixation. By planting green plants such as Salix psammophila used for desert greening inside the sand barriers while setting up sand barriers, the overall effect of sand control and sand fixation can be made better. However, the above method has a poor water retention effect on the desert, and the effect of sand control and sand fixation is not obvious.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems, combined with natural phenomena: that is, the sand in the desert must contain water 25 to 30 cm below; there is a saying among the people that the higher the mountain, the higher the water. In fact, the same is true for sand. The higher the sand dunes, the higher the water. This natural phenomenon shows that the drought in the desert is mainly due to the loss of water from the surface of the desert, and it does not lack the water needed for plant growth. The desert is an invisible reservoir. The applicant has designed a method for preventing and controlling sand with good water retention effect through research. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for preventing and controlling sand, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Digging a deep trench: digging a trench 1.5 to 2 meters deep and building a 1 to 1.2 meter high dam body, which is made of sand;

[0007] S2: Cover the surface of the dam with mulch film, and at the same time sow seeds on the sandy soil dam, with the seeds under the mulch film and sowed on the dam;

[0008] S3: Use nylon net to fix the dam body after covering with ground film, and compact the nylon net and ground film to ensure that they are firmly attached to the dam body;

[0009] S4: Multiple sand and earth dams are constructed on the ground in a 50×50 m grid layout;

[0010] S5: Raise the level ground where the windward side of the dam is located;

[0011] S6: Digging trenches on the flat ground on the leeward side of the dam body; digging trenches on the two sides of the dam body other than the windward side and the leeward side is prohibited;

[0012] S7: With the elevation angle of about 130 degrees facing the wind, the sand dam is built into a 50x50 meter grid.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, the dam body as a whole is fan-shaped like fish scales, and the inner horizontal line of the fan-shaped fish scale-shaped arch of the dam body is arranged perpendicular to the incoming wind direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the seeds in step S2 include grass seeds and herbal seeds, and the seeds are pretreated before sowing, and the pretreatment includes screening, disinfection and soaking.

[0015] Furthermore, the ground film is a plastic film with a thickness of 1.2 to 1.5 mm, and the nylon mesh is a mesh structure made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant synthetic fibers, with a mesh size of 5 to 15 cm.

[0016] The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are: the dam body built by the present invention and the ground film can generate a large amount of moisture and water under the effect of the temperature difference between day and night. With the increase of time, the moisture and water under the film will also be doubled, bringing "water source" to the sandy land. The scientific reason for digging trenches on the leeward side of the sandy soil dam and building dams on the windward side is that the leeward side can retain heavy snow in winter and rain in summer, and the windward side can increase the temperature and humidity under the film, promoting seed germination and weed growth. The sandy soil dam is built into a 50×50 meter grid, so that the desert forms one "small city" after another. The nylon sandy soil dam blocks the wind, and the rain and snow under the ditch moisten the sandy soil, the soil structure can be changed, the survival rate of grass and trees is high, and a green natural ecology of water, grass, and forest can be quickly formed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Embodiment 1:

[0018] A method for preventing and controlling sand, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: Digging a deep trench: digging a trench 1.5 to 2 meters deep and building a 1 to 1.2 meter high dam body, which is made of sand;

[0020] S2: Cover the surface of the dam with mulch film, and at the same time sow seeds on the sandy soil dam, with the seeds under the mulch film and sowed on the dam;

[0021] S3: Use nylon net to fix the dam body after covering with ground film, and compact the nylon net and ground film to ensure that they are firmly attached to the dam body;

[0022] S4: Multiple sand and earth dams are constructed on the ground in a 50×50 m grid layout;

[0023] S5: Raise the level ground where the windward side of the dam is located;

[0024] S6: Digging trenches on the flat ground on the leeward side of the dam body; digging trenches on the two sides of the dam body other than the windward side and the leeward side is prohibited;

[0025] S7: With the elevation angle of about 130 degrees facing the wind, the sand dam is built into a 50x50 meter grid.

[0026] In the specific implementation, a 1.5-meter-deep trench is dug, and a 1-meter-high sand dam is built with ground film covering and nylon mesh solid film compaction. Grass seeds and herbal medicine seeds are sown while covering the dam body. The sand dam is formed into a 50×50-meter grid. The windward side of the dam body is raised on the flat ground, and trenches are dug on the dam body. It is strictly forbidden to dig trenches on both sides of the dam body.

[0027] The preferred implementation of this embodiment is that in step S1, the dam body is in the shape of fan-shaped fish scales as a whole, and the inner horizontal line of the fan-shaped fish scale arch of the dam body is set perpendicular to the wind direction. Specifically, whether it is the northeast wind in the Inner Mongolia Desert, the northwest wind in the western part of the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang, the northeast wind in the east, and the northeast trade wind that blows more in the northern part of the African continent, the inner horizontal line of the fan-shaped fish scale arch of the dam body is perpendicular to the wind direction, which slows down the direct impact of the wind on the dam body and reduces the damage to the dam body. When building the dam, the dam body is 80cm high, 50cm deep under the inner horizontal line, and the inner surface of the arch of the dam body is in the shape of a horseshoe slope. In this way, it can not only prevent the outflow of sand in the bow dam body, but also store rainwater and ice and snow, and retain moisture to nourish plants. The fan-shaped fish scale sand dam is not built in isolation, but covers the entire desert. The fan-shaped fish scale sand dam covering the desert has an inner area of ​​80 square meters (± 5 square meters) per sand dam.

[0028] In a preferred implementation of this embodiment, the seeds in step S2 include grass seeds and herbal seeds, and the seeds are pre-treated before sowing, and the pre-treatment includes screening, disinfection and soaking. Disease-free and high-quality seeds are selected for planting to increase the germination rate of the seeds and avoid the effect of sand prevention and control being greatly reduced due to too low a germination rate of the seeds.

[0029] The preferred implementation of this embodiment is that the ground film is a plastic film with a thickness of 1.2 mm, and the nylon mesh is a soft, light-transmitting, non-toxic polyethylene (PE) film, and the mesh size of the nylon mesh is 10×10 cm. The ground film is thicker than 1.2 mm to prevent sand from easily scratching the ground film. The mesh size of the nylon mesh ensures that the ground film is firmly attached to the dam body and facilitates the germination of seeds through the mesh. This not only prevents the dam body from being damaged, but also generates abundant humidity and moisture under the film, ensuring the rooting, germination, and survival and growth of the grass and tree seeds under the film.

[0030] Inner Mongolia and Northeast China are affected by the air pressure of Siberia and the Mongolian Plateau, and northerly winds blow in autumn, winter and spring. With the change of seasons, the Mongolian high pressure retreats to the north and weakens in intensity. Cold high pressure enters the sea in the south, forming a high pressure situation in the south and low pressure in the north and a large pressure gradient, which leads to the occasional occurrence of southerly strong winds. In addition, the special topography of the Northeast also exacerbates the formation of southerly strong winds, forming a "narrow channel effect" that increases the wind speed sharply. Inner Mongolia is located in the monsoon area, and the wind direction changes significantly with the seasons. There are many northeasterly winds in various places in autumn, winter and spring, and the frequency of other wind directions is also very high. The average wind speed in Inner Mongolia is above 3 meters per second, and it gradually increases from east to west. Among them, the northern part of Ulanqab and the western part of Xilinguole League are above 5 meters per second, and the Greater Khingan Range forest area, Chifeng Basin, Hetao Plain, Tumochuan Plain, and the area south of Yinshan Mountain in Ulanqab City are generally less than 3 meters per second.

[0031] The main seasonal wind facing the Xinjiang desert is the northwest wind.

[0032] The desert areas in Xinjiang, such as the Gurbantunggut Desert and the Taklimakan Desert, are mainly affected by the northwest wind. The Gurbantunggut Desert is located in the central part of the Junggar Basin. It is affected by the northwest wind and the westerly wind, forming a large sand ridge belt running from northwest to southeast. The Taklimakan Desert is located in the southern part of Xinjiang. It is also affected by the northwest wind. The climate is extremely dry, with an annual precipitation of no more than 100 mm, but the evaporation reaches 2500-3400 mm.

[0033] A preferred implementation of this embodiment is that the height of the windward surface of the dam body in step S5 is determined according to the local precipitation runoff conditions and soil drainage characteristics. Specifically, the height increase in Inner Mongolia is 0.3 meters.

[0034] A preferred implementation of this embodiment is that the depth and width of the trench dug on the flat ground on the leeward side of the dam body in step S6 are determined according to local precipitation runoff conditions and soil drainage characteristics. Specifically, the trench depth in the Taklimakan Desert ranges from 0.4 meters.

[0035] The main causes of land desertification include natural factors and human factors.

[0036] Natural factors:

[0037] 1) Climate and Field: Arid climate is the most fundamental reason for the formation of deserts. Low precipitation, dry air, large temperature differences and other factors make it difficult for soil and vegetation to survive. This type of climate causes water to evaporate quickly and the surface remains dry for a long time.

[0038] 2) Water cycle: The water cycle in desert areas is relatively fast. The water absorbed by the surface quickly heats up under the sunlight and evaporates into the atmosphere, causing the ground to remain dry for a long time.

[0039] 3) Weathering: Rocks and soils in desert areas are usually susceptible to weathering. In arid climates, weathering increases, causing the particles of rocks and soil to become finer and finer, forming sand and gravel. These materials are carried away by wind and form sand dunes.

[0040] 4) Topography and soil: The characteristics of topography and soil are also one of the causes of desertification. The soil quality in desertified areas is poor, and the topography is flat, which makes it difficult to retain water and nutrients, accelerating the drying and desertification of the land.

[0041] Human Factors:

[0042] 1) Overgrazing: Livestock density exceeds the carrying capacity of grasslands, resulting in excessive load on the grasslands, destruction of vegetation, loss of land protection, and accelerated water evaporation and wind erosion.

[0043] 2) Excessive cultivation: Irrational work and excessive agricultural reclamation destroy vegetation, leading to soil exposure and accelerating the process of desertification.

[0044] ·3) Excessive logging: Logging leads to vegetation destruction, sand dune activation, grassland erosion, and accelerates the occurrence and development of desertification.

[0045] ·4) Improper opening of water resources: Irrational use of water resources leads to dry land and accelerates desertification.

[0046] The desertification process usually includes three stages: the occurrence stage, the development stage and the formation stage. In the occurrence stage, only the conditions for desertification exist, such as dry climate and the beginning destruction of surface vegetation. In the development stage, the surface vegetation is destroyed, and wind erosion and coarsening occur. In the final formation stage, mobile sand dunes or sand piles of blowing poplars are widely distributed on the surface, forming a serious desertification zone.

[0047] The above factors and processes are common problems in the formation of deserts. Therefore, when preventing and controlling desertification, it is necessary to consider both natural and human factors. At the same time, the sand in the desert must be wet 25 to 30 cm below the sand, which contains moisture. That is, the surface of the desert is dry, but there is moisture underneath. This is also a common feature of deserts.

[0048] In view of the common characteristics of the above-mentioned deserts, the ground film of the dam body built by the method of the present invention can generate a large amount of moisture and water under the effect of the temperature difference between day and night. With the increase of time, the moisture and water under the film will also be multiplied, bringing "water source" to the sand. In the long run, fragmented ground film will appear in the sand. Do not pick it out, but compact it with sand to fix it so that it can continue to play the role of generating moisture and water under the film (this is the role of the ground film covering the sand dam). On the surface, the film covering the sand dam will cause pollution. In fact, the humidity and moisture generated under the film and the control of the sand flow by the film bring far more benefits to desert management than the pollution it brings. The scientific reason for digging trenches on the leeward side of the sand dam and piling dams on the windward side is that the leeward side can retain heavy snow in winter and rain in summer, and the dam body on the windward side can increase the temperature and humidity under the film, promoting seed germination and weed growth. After a long time, the film is damaged because it is reinforced with nylon nets and will not be blown away by the wind. When the dam body is covered with grass or trees, it can be manually detected without causing pollution.

[0049] In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is affected by the Coriolis force of cold high pressure in Mongolia and Siberia in autumn and winter. The air flows along the high pressure gradient to form northeast wind. The sand dam cannot be built facing the wind directly, but facing the wind sideways at an elevation angle of about 130 degrees. The wind direction is scientifically utilized to reduce the impact of wind on the flow of sand, playing a role in preventing wind and fixing sand. Rainwater and snow can be stored under the ditch dam to moisten the sand and soil, which is conducive to sowing grass and planting trees. The sand dam is built into a 50x50 meter grid, so that the desert forms a "small city" one by one. Nylon sand dam blocks wind, rain and snow moisten the sand under the ditch, the soil structure can be changed, the survival rate of grass and trees is high, and a green natural ecology of water, grass and forest can be quickly formed.

[0050] At the same time, the present invention adopts a small grid method for fixing in desert areas with small sand dune characteristics, such as a 30×30 meter grid.

[0051] In the present invention, the fragmented film scattered on the sand for a long time does not need to be cleaned up and detected, but it needs to be compacted in the desert to continue to generate moisture and water under the film, which is conducive to the growth of grass and green plants.

[0052] When it is implemented, this method must start with locking the edge, starting from the edge of the desert and moving toward the center. The first thing to do is to plant drought-resistant trees and weeds with well-developed root systems and build dams to strictly lock the desert edges so that they can play a role in resisting wind and sand. For desert locking, it is recommended to use larch, juniper, wall vine, Selaginella, willow, sheep's beard grass, white clover, etc. These plants are drought-resistant, wind-resistant, have well-developed root systems, and are climbing plants, which are suitable for preventing wind and sand. When managing the desert, if there are several large sand dune landforms, the sand dunes must be basically leveled by machinery before damming. The purpose is to allow strong winds to blow gently across the desert, block the phenomenon of quicksand caused by wind, and maintain its normal natural nature.

[0053] Whether it is the Tengger Desert in Inner Mongolia, China, the Badain Jaran Desert, the Gurbantunggut Desert and the Taklimakan Desert in Xinjiang, China, or the Great Desert in Africa. Whether it is the northeast wind in Inner Mongolia, the northwest wind in Xinjiang, the southwest monsoon and the northeast trade wind in Africa, this "deep trench digging, high dam building, film covering + net sand fixation earth dam" is a relatively scientific desert control method with low investment and quick results. The present invention solves the common problems of existing deserts, and the present invention can be used to prevent and control sand and restore the natural landscape in both the Inner Mongolia Desert in China and the desert in Africa.

[0055] It should be noted that the Santoushan Baisha Desert in Songshushan Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia (i.e. Songshushan Forest Farm in Wengniute Banner) is covered with heavy snow (i.e. white disaster) in early spring, late autumn and winter. The desert cannot be managed during this period.

[0056] The prospect of sand control industry is very broad. With the intensification of global climate change and desertification, the sand control industry has gradually emerged and become a green industry full of potential and business opportunities. The government's investment in ecological construction has increased year by year, providing a good policy environment and market opportunities for "sand control companies". At the same time, the society's demand for green products is growing, which also brings a broad market space for "sand control companies".

[0057] The present invention and its implementation methods are described above, and such description is not restrictive, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design structures and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling sand, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Digging a deep trench: digging a trench 1.5 to 2 meters deep and building a 1 to 1.2 meter high dam body, which is made of sand; S2: Cover the surface of the dam with mulch film, and at the same time sow seeds on the sandy soil dam, with the seeds under the mulch film and sowed on the dam; S3: Use nylon net to fix the dam body after covering with ground film, and compact the nylon net and ground film to ensure that they are firmly attached to the dam body; S4: Multiple sand and earth dams are constructed on the ground in a 50×50 m grid layout; S5: Raise the level ground where the windward side of the dam is located; S6: Digging trenches on the flat ground on the leeward side of the dam body; digging trenches on the two sides of the dam body other than the windward side and the leeward side is prohibited; S7: With the elevation angle of about 130 degrees facing the wind, the sand dam is built into a 50x50 meter grid.

2. A method for preventing and controlling sandstorms according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the dam body is shaped like a fan-shaped fish scale as a whole, and the inner horizontal line of the fan-shaped fish scale-shaped arch of the dam body is arranged perpendicular to the incoming wind direction.

3. A method for preventing and controlling sandstorms according to claim 2, characterized in that: The seeds in step S2 include grass seeds and herbal seeds. The seeds are pretreated before sowing, and the pretreatment includes screening, disinfection and soaking.

4. A method for preventing and controlling sandstorms according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ground film is a plastic film with a thickness of 1.2 to 1.5 mm. The nylon net is a mesh structure made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant synthetic fibers, and the mesh size of the nylon net is 5 to 15 cm.

5. A method for preventing and controlling sandstorms according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S5, the height of the windward surface of the dam body is determined according to the local average annual wind speed, and the height increase is between 0.2 and 0.5 meters.

6. A method for preventing and controlling sandstorms according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S6, the depth and width of the trench dug on the flat ground on the leeward side of the dam body are determined according to the local precipitation, and the trench depth ranges from 0.2 to 0.4 meters.