Method for preventing headcut erosion

Abstract

The application discloses a treatment method for preventing headcut erosion, and relates to the technical field of ecological treatment, which comprises the following steps: surface soil stripping; earthwork excavation, according to a preset slope, layer-by-layer slope cutting and step building from the headcut to the far end of the ditch slope are performed to form a plurality of levels of slopes and a plurality of levels of platforms; earthwork backfilling, the soil obtained through the layer-by-layer slope cutting and step building is stacked at the bottom of the headcut, the soil stacked at the bottom of the headcut is rolled to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the headcut is between 10 and 15 degrees; soil covering and greening, the ditch, the plurality of levels of slopes and the plurality of levels of platforms are covered with the surface soil, a plurality of spruces are respectively planted on the ditch and the plurality of levels of platforms, and high ice grass and rye grass are respectively mixedly sowed on the slope surfaces of the plurality of levels of slopes; a water retaining wall is established; and a buried pipe is arranged. The application is combined with soil and water conservation plant planting, increases a ditch bottom erosion prevention and slope greening project, and forms a headcut treatment mode integrating landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of ecological governance technology, and in particular to a governance method for preventing gully headwater erosion. Background Art

[0002] Gully headwater erosion in the Loess Plateau is a landform formed by intermittent surface torrents. It typically occurs on slopes with abundant rainfall and insufficient vegetation. These gullies, impacted by the intense impact of water flow, gradually incise and expand, forming U- or V-shaped cross-sections. The formation of gullies in the Loess Plateau not only leads to severe soil loss, but also, as the gullies continue to grow and expand, they cut into and encroach on arable land, block traffic, and hinder mechanical farming, while increasing river sediment loads and triggering flash floods and geological disasters.

[0003] At present, in order to curb the development of erosion gullies, relevant technologies use reinforced cement or stone stacking to form porous structures to block the fierce water flow. However, this method not only requires a large amount of construction and high labor costs, but also causes serious damage to the original ecological landform, and has poor soil and water conservation effects. There are also bottleneck problems such as slow vegetation recovery in gully head management, short effectiveness of protective measures, and easy occurrence of landslides and collapses under extreme rainstorm conditions. It only treats the symptoms and not the root cause, and cannot achieve the ideal state. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this application proposes a method for preventing gully headwater erosion, combined with the planting of soil and water conservation plants, the addition of gully bottom erosion prevention and slope greening projects, to form a gully headwater management model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions.

[0005] This application provides a method for preventing gully headwater erosion, comprising:

[0006] Step S1: topsoil stripping: clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the ditch slope corresponding to the ditch head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the ditch slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area;

[0007] Step S2: excavation, wherein the ditch slope is cut and stepped layer by layer from the ditch head to the farthest point according to the preset slope, to form a multi-level side slope and a multi-level platform. The multi-level side slope and the multi-level platform correspond to each other one by one, and the multi-level side slope and the multi-level platform are arranged in sequence at intervals. The horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35° and 55°, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m.

[0008] Step S3, backfilling the soil, piling the soil obtained by the layer-by-layer slope cutting and stepping process at the bottom of the ditch head, and rolling the soil at the bottom of the ditch head to form a ditch, wherein the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees;

[0009] Step S4, covering with soil and greening, covering the ditch, the multi-level slopes and the multi-level platforms with the topsoil, planting a plurality of spruce trees on the ditch and the multi-level platforms, and sowing tall wheatgrass and ryegrass on the slope surfaces of the multi-level slopes;

[0010] Step S5: construct a retaining wall. A plurality of retaining walls with trapezoidal earth sections are sequentially spaced 5 m upstream of the side road of the ditch head, and the retaining walls are compacted and filled. Each retaining wall with a trapezoidal earth section has a bottom width of 3 m, a top width of 2 m, and a height of 1 m.

[0011] Step S6, laying concealed pipes, laying concealed pipes in the middle of the ditch head.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present application, the multi-platform includes a first platform, a second platform and a top platform arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the multi-level slope includes a first slope, a second slope and a third slope corresponding to the first platform, the second platform and the top platform respectively, and the horizontal lengths of the bottom of the ditch head, the first platform, the second platform and the top platform are 15m, 18m, 20m and 22m respectively.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present application, the horizontal widths of the first-level side slope, the second-level side slope, and the third-level side slope are all 2.5 m.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present application, the spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the trench and each of the platforms is between 1.5m×1.5m and 2m×2m.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present application, tall wheatgrass and ryegrass with a total mass of 60 kg are mixed on the slope surfaces of the plurality of side slopes.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present application, the concealed pipe is a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300 mm.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present application are reflected in the following steps of gully erosion control: topsoil stripping, clearing the trees and vegetation on the slope of the gully slope corresponding to the gully head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the gully slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area; earthwork excavation, cutting the gully slope layer by layer from near to far from the gully head according to the preset slope, forming multi-level slopes and multi-platforms, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms corresponding to each other, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms arranged in sequence, the horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35 and 55 degrees, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m; earthwork backfilling, the gully slopes that have been cut and stepped layer by layer are The obtained soil is piled at the bottom of the ditch head, and the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head is rolled to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees; the soil is covered and greened, and the ditch, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms are covered with topsoil, and multiple spruces are planted in the ditch and multi-platforms, and high ice grass and ryegrass are mixed on the slope of the multi-level slopes; a retaining wall is built, and multiple earth trapezoidal section retaining walls are built 5m upstream from the ditch head. The retaining walls are compacted and filled, and the bottom width of each earth trapezoidal section retaining wall is 3m, the top width is 2m, and the height is 1m; concealed pipes are laid, and concealed pipes are laid in the middle of the ditch head. The management method set in this application, in conjunction with the planting of soil and water conservation plants, adds ditch bottom anti-scouring and slope greening projects, forming a ditch head management model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0020] Figure 1 An elevation view corresponding to the method for preventing gully head erosion provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a plan view corresponding to the method for preventing gully head erosion provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Reference numerals:

[0023] The bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first platform 110, the second platform 120, the top platform 130, the first side slope 140, the second side slope 150, the third side slope 160, and the side road 170 of the ditch head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0025] In the description of this application, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on this application.

[0026] In the description of this application, if there is a description of first or second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0027] In the description of this application, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0028] Gully headwater erosion in the Loess Plateau is a landform formed by intermittent surface torrents. It typically occurs on slopes with abundant rainfall and insufficient vegetation. These gullies, impacted by the intense impact of water flow, gradually incise and expand, forming U- or V-shaped cross-sections. The formation of gullies in the Loess Plateau not only leads to severe soil loss, but also, as the gullies continue to grow and expand, they cut into and encroach on arable land, block traffic, and hinder mechanical farming, while increasing river sediment loads and triggering flash floods and geological disasters.

[0029] At present, in order to curb the development of erosion gullies, relevant technologies use reinforced cement or stone stacking to form porous structures to block the fierce water flow. However, this method not only requires a large amount of construction and high labor costs, but also causes serious damage to the original ecological landform, and has poor soil and water conservation effects. There are also bottleneck problems such as slow vegetation recovery in gully head management, short effectiveness of protective measures, and easy occurrence of landslides and collapses under extreme rainstorm conditions. It only treats the symptoms and not the root cause, and cannot achieve the ideal state.

[0030] In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a method for preventing gully head erosion. The embodiments of the present application are further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] Reference Figure 1The present application provides a method for preventing gully headwater erosion, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] Step S1, topsoil stripping, clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the ditch slope corresponding to the ditch head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the ditch slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area.

[0033] It should be noted that by stripping the topsoil, the surface mature soil resources can be effectively protected from loss and waste, and the additional capital investment in external soil transfer during land reclamation can be reduced. The stripped topsoil can be used for land reclamation, and the soil fertility is sufficient, resulting in high crop yields.

[0034] Step S2: excavation. The ditch slope is cut and stepped layer by layer from the ditch head to the farthest point according to the preset slope to form multi-level side slopes and multiple platforms. The multi-level side slopes and multiple platforms correspond to each other one by one. The multi-level side slopes and multiple platforms are arranged in sequence at intervals. The horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35° and 55°, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m.

[0035] Step S3, backfilling, the soil obtained by the layer-by-layer slope cutting and stepping process is piled at the bottom of the ditch head, and the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head is rolled to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees.

[0036] Step S4, covering with soil and greening, covering the ditch, multi-level slope and multi-level platform with topsoil, planting multiple spruce trees on the ditch and multi-level platform, and sowing tall wheatgrass and ryegrass on the slope surface of the multi-level slope.

[0037] It should be noted that by covering the soil with greening, the growth rate of crops can be increased. Covering the soil can increase soil temperature, promote crop growth, reduce evaporation, retain moisture, and prevent soil desalination.

[0038] It should be noted that the mixed sowing of tall wheatgrass and ryegrass constitutes biodiversity and is conducive to the growth of these plants in the land.

[0039] In some embodiments, the spruce trees planted in the trenches and multi-lane platforms were 1.5 m tall spruce trees with 30 cm soil balls.

[0040] Step S5, build a retaining wall, build multiple earth trapezoidal cross-section retaining walls 5m upstream of the side road 170 at the head of the ditch and set in sequence, and compact the earth and fill the retaining walls. The bottom width of each earth trapezoidal cross-section retaining wall is 3m, the top width is 2m, and the height is 1m.

[0041] It should be noted that by building a retaining wall and using compacted earth filling, the water from upstream can be intercepted and the runoff can be prevented from entering the ditch. The retaining wall with a trapezoidal cross-section is narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, which can provide sufficient support for the wall and enhance the stability of the entire retaining wall.

[0042] In some embodiments, in steps S2 to S5, loaders, excavators and other engineering machinery are used to excavate according to the designed slope. During the excavation process, excavation is carried out layer by layer from top to bottom and from near to far from the ditch head. The top level slope and platform are formed first, and then excavation is carried out to the designed depth in sequence. Rainfall should be avoided during excavation, and the excavation and filling project and slope greening should be completed as soon as possible to prevent rainfall from eroding the exposed slope and loose earth.

[0043] Step S6: laying concealed pipes in the middle of the ditch head.

[0044] It should be noted that this application adopts a comprehensive management model of "solidifying ditches and protecting fields" through this method, adopts the "slope cutting and downgrading" and "slope concealed pipe drainage" ditch head management models, cooperates with the planting of soil and water conservation plants, increases ditch bottom anti-erosion and slope greening projects, and forms a ditch head management model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions. It can effectively prevent the further development of erosion gullies, reduce soil and water loss, and increase the ecological benefits of gully erosion management.

[0045] In this application, gully erosion control is carried out through the following steps: topsoil stripping, clearing the trees and vegetation on the slope of the gully corresponding to the gully head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the gully, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area; earthwork excavation, cutting the gully slope layer by layer from near to far from the gully head according to the preset slope, forming multi-level slopes and multi-platforms, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms corresponding to each other, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms arranged in sequence, the horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35 and 55 degrees, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m; earthwork backfilling, the soil obtained by the layer-by-layer slope cutting and stepping treatment The soil is piled at the bottom of the ditch head, and the soil piled at the bottom of the ditch head is rolled to form a ditch, and the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees; the soil is covered and greened, and the ditch, multi-level slopes and multi-platforms are covered with topsoil, and multiple spruces are planted in the ditch and multi-platforms, and high ice grass and ryegrass are mixed on the slope of the multi-level slopes; a retaining wall is built, and multiple earth trapezoidal cross-section retaining walls are built at intervals 5m upstream of the ditch head 170, and the retaining walls are compacted and filled with earth. The bottom width of each earth trapezoidal cross-section retaining wall is 3m, the top width is 2m, and the height is 1m; concealed pipes are laid, and concealed pipes are laid in the middle of the ditch head. This treatment method set in this application, in conjunction with the planting of soil and water conservation plants, adds ditch bottom anti-scouring and slope greening projects, forming a ditch head treatment model that integrates landscape improvement and soil and water conservation functions.

[0046] It is understandable that referring to Figures 1 to 2 The multi-platforms include a first platform 110, a second platform 120 and a top platform 130 arranged in sequence from bottom to top; the multi-level slopes include a first-level slope 140, a second-level slope 150 and a third-level slope 160 corresponding to the first platform 110, the second platform 120 and the top platform 130 respectively; the horizontal lengths of the bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first platform 110, the second platform 120 and the top platform 130 are 15m, 18m, 20m and 22m respectively.

[0047] It should be noted that the order in which the bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first platform 110, the second platform 120, the top platform 130, the first slope 140, the second slope 150 and the third slope 160 are arranged from bottom to top is: the bottom 100 of the ditch head, the first slope 140, the first platform 110, the second slope 150, the second platform 120, the third slope 160 and the top platform 130.

[0048] For example, the gully head depth of a headward erosion gully in a loess area is between 7.5 and 10 meters, and the original slope above the gully head is about 2 to 5 degrees. The trees and vegetation on the gully slope are cleared, and the soil on the terrace on the left side of the gully head is used for layered backfill and compaction, leaving a 1:1 slope. The slope after slope cutting is between 35 and 55 degrees, and the slope cutting height is about half of the gully depth. The slope is cut to form a three-level slope, and a platform about 5 meters wide is set up between two adjacent slopes. Shrubs are planted on each platform, and grass seeds are sown on the slope between the two platforms to achieve soil covering and greening. The excavated soil from the slope cutting is pushed to the bottom of the gully head, and the slope of the ditch pile formed is between 10 and 15 degrees. Multiple earth trapezoidal cross-section retaining walls are combined to form a 30-meter-long water wall. The total length of the underground pipes used in the underground pipe drainage project is 42 meters.

[0049] It can be understood that the horizontal width of the first-level side slope 140 , the second-level side slope 150 , and the third-level side slope 160 are all 2.5 m.

[0050] For example, in some embodiments, the upper base, lower base, and height of the gully head traceable erosion gully section in the loess region are 10 m, 20 m, and 22.5 m respectively, the gully head depth is 7.5 m, and a slope of about 2.5 m wide is set up every 5 m platform. Each platform and the corresponding slope form a first-order surface. The total earthwork volume is calculated as follows: Total earthwork volume = (10 + 20) × 22.5 / 2×7.5=2531.25 m3 The earthwork volume of each terrace is 2531.25m 3 / 2=1265.63m 3 The total excavation volume of the project is about 1265.63m 3 The total filling volume is about 1265.63m 3 The total amount of excavation and filling is about 2531.25m 3 .

[0051] It is understandable that the spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the ditch and on each platform is between 1.5m×1.5m and 2m×2m.

[0052] In this embodiment, the spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the trench and on each platform is 1.5m×2m. In other embodiments, other spacings can also be set, and are not limited to the embodiment of the present application.

[0053] It can be understood that tall wheatgrass and ryegrass with a total mass of 60 kg are mixed on the slope surfaces of multiple side slopes.

[0054] It should be noted that after covering the soil, the loose soil is not only conducive to the growth of vegetation on the covering layer, but also has good water permeability, ensuring that the covering layer is not easily washed away by water. The vegetation layer can utilize the well-developed root system of plants to play a good role in soil consolidation, drainage and erosion prevention, which is conducive to the restoration of the ecosystem.

[0055] It can be understood that the concealed pipe uses a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300mm.

[0056] In some embodiments, a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300 mm is laid at the center of the bottom of the erosion gully, from the head of the erosion gully to the end of the gully, and water guide holes with a diameter of 3 mm and a spacing of 5 cm are drilled in the upper half of the double-wall corrugated drainage pipe to collect rainwater and guide it to the drainage system.

[0057] Throughout this specification, reference to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0058] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0059] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and purpose of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preventing gully headwater erosion, characterized in that: include: Step S1: topsoil stripping: clearing trees and vegetation on the slope of the ditch slope corresponding to the ditch head, stripping the topsoil on the slope of the ditch slope, and piling the stripped topsoil to the periphery of the area; Step S2: excavation, wherein the ditch slope is cut and stepped layer by layer from the ditch head to the farthest point according to the preset slope, to form a multi-level side slope and a multi-level platform. The multi-level side slope and the multi-level platform correspond to each other one by one, and the multi-level side slope and the multi-level platform are arranged in sequence at intervals. The horizontal width of each platform is 5m, the slope of each side slope is between 35° and 55°, and the distance between two adjacent platforms is 2.5m. Step S3, backfilling the soil, piling the soil obtained by the layer-by-layer slope cutting and stepping process at the bottom of the ditch head, and rolling the soil at the bottom of the ditch head to form a ditch, wherein the inclination angle between the ditch and the bottom of the ditch head is between 10 and 15 degrees; Step S4, covering with soil and greening, covering the ditch, the multi-level slopes and the multi-level platforms with the topsoil, planting a plurality of spruce trees on the ditch and the multi-level platforms, and sowing tall wheatgrass and ryegrass on the slope surfaces of the multi-level slopes; Step S5: construct a retaining wall. A plurality of retaining walls with trapezoidal earth sections are sequentially spaced 5 m upstream of the side road of the ditch head, and the retaining walls are compacted and filled. Each retaining wall with a trapezoidal earth section has a bottom width of 3 m, a top width of 2 m, and a height of 1 m. Step S6, laying concealed pipes, laying concealed pipes in the middle of the ditch head.

2. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-platforms include a first platform, a second platform and a top platform arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the multi-level slopes include a first slope, a second slope and a third slope corresponding to the first platform, the second platform and the top platform respectively. The horizontal lengths of the bottom of the ditch head, the first platform, the second platform and the top platform are 15m, 18m, 20m and 22m respectively.

3. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 2, characterized in that: The horizontal widths of the first-level side slope, the second-level side slope and the third-level side slope are all 2.5 m.

4. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the multiple spruce trees planted in the ditch and each of the platforms is between 1.5m×1.5m and 2m×2m.

5. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: Tall wheatgrass and ryegrass with a total mass of 60 kg were mixed and sown on the slope surfaces of the plurality of side slopes.

6. The method for preventing gully head erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concealed pipe adopts a double-wall corrugated drainage pipe with a diameter of 300mm.

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