A de-icing system and method for a wind power blade

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of wind power generation equipment maintenance, and discloses a deicing system and method for wind power generation blades, which comprises an ice quality monitoring device; the ice quality monitoring device is used for collecting and sending blade ice layer state data of a blade to be deiced at a current time to a control module; a microwave radiation antenna is used for receiving microwave energy excited by a microwave generator and radiating to an ice layer; the control module is used for predicting preset characteristic data of an ice layer on a blade to be deiced at a next time based on the blade ice layer state data of the blade to be deiced at the current time and in combination with meteorological data of a region where the blade to be deiced is located; and is also used for controlling and adjusting the power and frequency of microwave energy generated by the microwave generator according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be deiced at the next time; the application flexibly adjusts the power and frequency of the microwave energy according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, improves the resonance absorption effect of the microwave energy and the ice layer, and improves the deicing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wind power equipment maintenance technology, and specifically relates to a de-icing system and method for wind turbine blades. Background Technology

[0002] As an important component of the clean energy system, wind power is facing new opportunities for large-scale development. With the continuous increase in installed capacity and single unit capacity, wind farm site selection shows a significant trend of extending to high-latitude cold regions and complex terrain high-altitude areas. However, the low temperature, high humidity and complex and changeable meteorological conditions in these regions cause the surface of wind turbine blades to accumulate snow and ice regularly. In extreme cases, this can even lead to blade structural damage and unit shutdown accidents, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of the wind power industry.

[0003] Currently, de-icing technologies for wind turbine blades mainly include heating, mechanical, and microwave de-icing. Traditional heating and mechanical methods often suffer from high energy consumption, unsatisfactory de-icing effects, and a high risk of damaging blade integrity and protective performance, severely impacting blade lifespan and wind turbine power generation efficiency. Microwave de-icing technology utilizes microwave heating to achieve de-icing, significantly reducing blade damage and consuming relatively less energy compared to heating and mechanical methods. However, most existing microwave de-icing devices use fixed-frequency microwaves, unable to flexibly adjust according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, resulting in poor resonance absorption between microwaves and ice, leading to low de-icing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a de-icing system and method for wind turbine blades, so as to solve the technical problem that most existing microwave de-icing devices use microwaves of fixed frequency, which cannot be flexibly adjusted according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, resulting in poor resonance absorption effect between microwaves and ice, and thus low de-icing efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] This invention provides a de-icing system for wind turbine blades, including an ice quality monitoring device, a microwave radiating antenna, a microwave generator, and a control module;

[0007] The ice quality monitoring device is used to collect and send the current ice layer status data of the blade to be de-iced to the control module; the microwave radiation antenna is used to receive the microwave energy excited by the microwave generator and radiate it to the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced.

[0008] The control module is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment based on the current ice layer state data of the blade to be de-iced and the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be de-iced is located; it is also used to control and adjust the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment.

[0009] Furthermore, the ice quality monitoring device is installed at the leading edge, middle, and trailing edge of the blade to be de-iced; the ice quality monitoring device includes a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument, and an ice hardness sensor; wherein, at a predetermined interval, one ice quality monitoring device is installed at the leading edge, middle, and trailing edge of the blade to be de-iced.

[0010] Furthermore, meteorological data for the area where the de-icing blades are located includes temperature, humidity, and wind speed.

[0011] Furthermore, the microwave radiating antennas are spaced apart along the axis of the blade to be de-iced; wherein, from the root of the blade to the tip, the distance between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas gradually decreases.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes microwave reflectors, energy couplers, and supercapacitors;

[0013] The microwave reflector is installed on the ground and close to the blade to be de-iced; the output end of the energy coupler is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor, and the output end of the supercapacitor is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator.

[0014] The microwave reflecting device is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiating antenna to the energy coupler; the energy coupler is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; the supercapacitor is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator.

[0015] Furthermore, the microwave reflecting device employs a microwave reflecting mirror; wherein the microwave reflecting surface of the microwave reflecting mirror is parabolic.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the current ice layer state data of the leaf to be de-iced and combined with meteorological data of the area where the leaf to be de-iced is located, the process of predicting the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the leaf to be de-iced at the next moment includes:

[0017] The ice layer status data of the blade to be de-iced at the current moment and the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be de-iced is located are used as input data and input into the ice layer thickness prediction model. The output is the preset feature data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment. The ice layer thickness prediction model is a prediction model based on LSTM neural network.

[0018] Furthermore, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment include the predicted value of the ice layer thickness and the predicted value of the ice layer water content.

[0019] Furthermore, the process of controlling and adjusting the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator based on preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment includes:

[0020] When the predicted ice thickness is greater than or equal to 3cm and less than 5cm, the power mode of the microwave generator is controlled to be low power mode; wherein, in low power mode, the power of the microwave generator is 500-800W; when the predicted ice thickness exceeds 5cm, the power mode of the microwave generator is controlled to be high power mode; wherein, in high power mode, the power of the microwave generator is 1200-1500W.

[0021] When the predicted water content of the ice layer is between 5% and 10%, the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled at 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz; when the predicted water content of the ice layer is between 10% and 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled at 2.6 ± 0.1 GHz; when the predicted water content of the ice layer exceeds 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled at 2.8 ± 0.1 GHz.

[0022] The present invention also provides a method for de-icing wind turbine blades, utilizing the aforementioned de-icing system for wind turbine blades;

[0023] The de-icing method for wind turbine blades includes:

[0024] Collect data on the state of the ice layer on the leaf surface of the blade to be de-iced at the current moment;

[0025] Based on the current ice layer status data of the blade to be de-iced, and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be de-iced is located, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment are predicted.

[0026] Based on the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment, the operation mode of the microwave generator is controlled and adjusted so that the microwave generator excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiating antenna, and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] The de-icing system for wind turbine blades provided by this invention obtains preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment based on the current ice layer state data of the blade to be de-iced and combined with meteorological data of the area where the blade to be de-iced is located. According to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment, the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator are dynamically adjusted, so as to flexibly adjust the power and frequency of the microwave energy according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, thereby improving the resonance absorption effect of microwave energy and ice layer and greatly improving the de-icing effect.

[0029] Furthermore, microwave radiating antennas are spaced apart along the axis of the blade to be de-iced, and the spacing between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas gradually decreases from the blade root to the blade tip, forming a multi-focus microwave radiating antenna array. This ensures that microwave energy forms multiple uniformly distributed focusing areas on the blade surface that vary with the blade shape, adapting to the complex curved shape of the blade, avoiding uneven distribution of microwave energy, and eliminating de-icing dead zones.

[0030] Furthermore, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the microwave radiation antenna are reflected by a microwave reflection device to an energy coupler. The energy coupler then converts the reflected microwave energy into electrical energy and stores it in a supercapacitor. When the power demand of the microwave generator increases, the supercapacitor bank can quickly release the stored electrical energy within 1-2 seconds to replenish the energy required by the microwave generator, thereby increasing the energy utilization rate of the entire system by 30%-40%, reducing the external energy input demand, and reducing the additional power consumption of the power generation system.

[0031] Furthermore, by using the prediction model of the LSTM neural network to predict the preset feature data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment, the accuracy of the prediction results can be ensured and the time consumption is short, thus improving the real-time performance of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a de-icing system for wind turbine blades provided in an embodiment.

[0034] The components include: 1. Ice quality monitoring device; 2. Microwave radiation antenna; 3. Microwave generator; 4. Microwave reflection device; 5. Energy coupler; 6. Supercapacitor; 7. Control module; and 100 blades to be de-iced. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects solved by this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0036] This invention provides a de-icing system for wind turbine blades, comprising an ice quality monitoring device 1, a microwave radiating antenna 2, a microwave generator 3, and a control module 7. The ice quality monitoring device 1 is used to collect and transmit the current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be de-iced to the control module 7. The microwave radiating antenna 2 is used to receive the microwave energy excited by the microwave generator 3 and radiate it onto the ice layer on the blade 100. The control module 7 is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment based on the current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be de-iced and combined with meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be de-iced is located. It is also used to control and adjust the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator 3 according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment.

[0037] The de-icing system for wind turbine blades described in this invention predicts preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment based on the current ice layer state data of the blade to be de-iced and combined with meteorological data of the area where the blade to be de-iced is located. According to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment, the power and frequency of the microwave generator 3 are adjusted to achieve flexible adjustment of the power and frequency of microwave energy according to the actual physical state of the ice layer, thereby improving the resonance absorption effect of microwave energy and ice layer.

[0038] Furthermore, the de-icing system of the present invention also includes a microwave reflector 4, an energy coupler 5, and a supercapacitor 6; the microwave reflector 4 is disposed on the ground and close to the blade 100 to be de-iced; the output end of the energy coupler 5 is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor 6, and the output end of the supercapacitor 6 is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator 3; the microwave reflector 4 is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiating antenna 2 to the energy coupler 5; the energy coupler 5 is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; the supercapacitor 6 is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler 5 and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator 3.

[0039] In this invention, a microwave energy recovery device consisting of a microwave reflector, an energy coupler, and a supercapacitor is used to convert unabsorbed microwave energy into electrical energy and store the generated electrical energy. When the power demand of the microwave generator increases, the electrical energy is quickly released through the supercapacitor to meet the system's needs.

[0040] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the de-icing system for wind turbine blades provided by the present invention:

[0041] Example

[0042] As attached Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment 1 provides a de-icing system for wind turbine blades, including an ice quality monitoring device 1, a microwave radiating antenna 2, a microwave generator 3, a microwave reflecting device 4, an energy coupler 5, a supercapacitor 6, and a control module 7. The output terminal of the ice quality monitoring device 1 is connected to the input terminal of the control module 7, the output terminal of the control module 7 is connected to the input terminal of the microwave generator 3, and the output terminal of the microwave generator 3 is connected to the input terminal of the microwave radiating antenna 2. The microwave reflecting device 4, the energy coupler 5, and the supercapacitor 6 are sequentially connected to form a microwave energy recovery device, and the supercapacitor 6 is also connected to the power supply terminal of the microwave generator 3.

[0043] The ice quality monitoring device 1 is installed at a preset position on the blade 100 to be de-iced, and is used to collect the current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be de-iced, and send the current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to the control module 7; wherein, the current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be de-iced includes ice water content, ice thickness and ice hardness.

[0044] Specifically, the ice quality monitoring device 1 is installed at the leading edge, middle, and trailing edge of the blade 100 to be de-iced; at the leading edge, middle, and trailing edge of the blade 100 to be de-iced, one ice quality monitoring device 1 is installed at a preset distance; preferably, the preset distance is 0.5m, that is, a monitoring point is set at a preset distance of 0.5m at the leading edge, middle, and trailing edge of the blade 100 to be de-iced, and the physical characteristics data of the ice layer on the surface of the blade 100 to be de-iced are obtained comprehensively and accurately through the ice layer monitoring device 1 installed at each monitoring point.

[0045] The ice quality monitoring device 1 includes a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument, and an ice hardness sensor. The humidity sensor is used to collect the water content of the ice layer on the leaf surface of the leaf 100 to be de-iced at the current time. The ice thickness measuring instrument is used to collect the thickness of the ice layer on the leaf surface of the leaf 100 to be de-iced at the current time. The ice hardness sensor is used to collect the hardness of the ice layer on the leaf surface of the leaf 100 to be de-iced at the current time. The humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor, the ice thickness measuring instrument is an ultrasonic ice thickness measuring instrument, and the ice hardness sensor is a piezoelectric ice hardness sensor.

[0046] In this embodiment, the ice quality monitoring device 1 uses a multi-parameter composite probe that includes a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument, and an ice hardness sensor. By distributing monitoring points at the leading, middle, and trailing edges of the leaf and setting one monitoring point every 0.5m, it can comprehensively and accurately acquire physical characteristic data of the ice layer on the leaf surface, providing a precise data basis for the control module 7 to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the leaf 100 to be de-iced at the next moment.

[0047] The microwave radiating antennas 2 are spaced apart along the axis of the blade 100 to be de-iced, and are used to receive the microwave energy excited by the microwave generator 3 and radiate it to the ice layer on the blade 100 in the form of electromagnetic waves. The spacing between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas 2 gradually decreases from the root to the tip of the blade 100. Preferably, the microwave radiating antennas 2 adopt a multi-layer nested structure, and the spacing between each layer of antennas is designed according to the aerodynamic shape of the blade 100 to be de-iced. From the root to the tip of the blade 100 to the tip, the spacing between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas 2 gradually decreases from 10cm to 5cm, so that the microwave radiating antennas 2 arranged on the blade 100 to be de-iced form a multi-focus microwave radiating antenna array, ensuring that the microwave energy forms multiple uniformly distributed focusing areas on the blade surface of the blade 100 that change with the shape of the blade, thereby controlling the microwave energy density deviation on the blade surface within ±10% and effectively avoiding de-icing dead zones.

[0048] In this embodiment, the microwave radiating antenna 2 adopts a multi-layer nested structure, and the spacing between each layer of antennas is optimized according to the aerodynamic shape of the blade. Secondly, in the direction from the root to the tip of the blade, the spacing between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas 2 is gradually reduced from 10cm to 5cm to ensure that microwave energy forms multiple uniformly distributed focusing areas on the surface of the blade 100 to be de-iced, which vary with the shape of the blade. Then, when the power and frequency generated by the microwave generator 3 are adjusted by the control module 7, the radiation angle and gain of the antenna array are adjusted to ensure that the microwave energy density deviation on the blade surface is controlled within ±10%, effectively avoiding de-icing dead zones.

[0049] The microwave generator 3 is located on the blade 100 to be de-iced and is positioned close to the root of the blade 100. The microwave generator 3 receives and responds to the control command sent by the control module 7, generates and sends microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiating antenna 2. The power supply terminal of the microwave generator 3 is also connected to the output terminal of the supercapacitor 6 to receive the electrical energy provided by the supercapacitor 6.

[0050] The microwave reflecting device 4 is installed on the ground and close to the blade 100 to be de-iced, and is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiating antenna 2 to the energy coupler 5. Preferably, the microwave reflecting device 4 is a microwave reflector with a parabolic microwave reflecting surface and a focusing efficiency of ≥92%. The output end of the energy coupler 5 is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor 6, and the output end of the supercapacitor 6 is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator 3. The energy coupler 5 is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy. The supercapacitor 6 is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler 5 and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator 3. The energy conversion efficiency of the energy coupler 5 is ≥80%, and the charge-discharge cycle life of the supercapacitor 6 is ≥10,000 times.

[0051] In this embodiment, a microwave energy recovery device is constructed using a microwave reflector 4, an energy coupler 5, and a supercapacitor 6 connected in sequence. The microwave reflector 4 employs a high-efficiency microwave reflector with a parabolic shape to focus the reflected microwaves onto the energy coupler 5. The energy coupler 5 then converts the microwave energy into electrical energy, which is subsequently stored in the supercapacitor bank. The energy coupler's conversion efficiency is required to be above 80%. When the power demand of the microwave generator 3 increases, the supercapacitor can quickly release the stored electrical energy within 1-2 seconds to replenish the energy required by the microwave generator 3, thereby increasing the energy utilization rate of the entire system by 30%-40%, reducing the external energy input demand, and reducing the additional power consumption of the wind turbine.

[0052] The input terminal of the control module 7 is also connected to the real-time data interface of the meteorological station to obtain meteorological data of the area where the blade to be de-iced 100 is located; wherein, the meteorological data of the area where the blade to be de-iced 100 is located includes temperature, humidity and wind speed.

[0053] The control module 7 is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment based on the current ice layer state data of the blade 100 to be de-iced and the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be de-iced is located; wherein, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment includes the predicted value of the ice layer thickness and the predicted value of the ice layer water content; and secondly, according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment, the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator 3 are controlled and adjusted.

[0054] Specifically, the process of obtaining the predicted ice thickness data on the blade 100 to be de-iced, based on the ice layer state data of the blade 100 to be de-iced and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be de-iced is located, is as follows:

[0055] The current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be de-iced and the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be de-iced is located are used as input data and input into the ice layer thickness prediction model. The output is the preset feature data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment. The ice layer thickness prediction model is a prediction model based on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural network.

[0056] It should be noted that the prediction model based on LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) neural network includes an input layer, an LSTM layer, and an output layer. The input layer is responsible for receiving the current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be de-iced and the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be de-iced is located. The LSTM layer is used to learn the temporal dependencies in the data. The output layer generates the predicted ice layer thickness data on the blade 100 to be de-iced. The number of units and the network depth of the LSTM layer are set according to the data characteristics and prediction requirements.

[0057] Specifically, during the process of controlling and adjusting the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator 3 based on the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment, the power mode of the microwave generator 3 is adjusted according to the predicted value of the ice layer thickness, and the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is adjusted according to the predicted value of the ice layer water content.

[0058] The specific adjustment process is as follows:

[0059] (1) When the predicted ice thickness is greater than or equal to 3cm and less than 5cm, the power mode of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be low power mode; wherein, in low power mode, the power of the microwave generator 3 is 500-800W; when the predicted ice thickness exceeds 5cm, the power mode of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be high power mode; wherein, in high power mode, the power of the microwave generator 3 is 1200-1500W.

[0060] (2) When the predicted water content of the ice layer is between 5% and 10%, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz; when the predicted water content of the ice layer is between 10% and 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be 2.6 ± 0.1 GHz; when the predicted water content of the ice layer exceeds 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is controlled to be 2.8 ± 0.1 GHz.

[0061] It should be noted that the control module 7 is connected to the real-time data interface of the meteorological station in the area where the de-icing leaf 100 is located. The meteorological data of the area where the de-icing leaf 100 is located is updated every 15 minutes. Combined with the current ice layer status data of the leaf 100 collected by the ice quality monitoring device 1, a prediction model based on LSTM neural network is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the leaf 100 at the next moment. For example, the icing trend and degree of the leaf can be predicted 30-60 minutes in advance. When it is predicted that the leaf will have moderate icing, that is, the ice layer thickness reaches 3cm, microwave de-icing is started 10 minutes in advance so that the microwave generator 3 operates in low power mode to suppress the rapid growth of ice. When the ice layer thickness reaches 5cm, the microwave generator 3 is switched to high power mode for rapid de-icing. Secondly, the frequency of the microwave generator 3 is adjusted according to the predicted value of ice layer water content to improve the resonance absorption effect of microwave and ice.

[0062] It should also be noted that the control module 7 can dynamically adjust the microwave power in real time according to changes in wind speed to ensure the stability of the blades under stress during the de-icing process and reduce the impact of de-icing operation on the wind turbine's operational safety. Specifically, the control module 7 acquires real-time wind speed data and adjusts the power mode of the microwave generator 3 based on the comparison between the real-time wind speed data and the wind speed threshold.

[0063] Working principle:

[0064] The de-icing system for wind turbine blades described in this embodiment operates as follows:

[0065] Using the humidity sensor, ice thickness measuring instrument, and ice hardness sensor in the ice quality monitoring device 1, the water content, thickness, and hardness of the ice layer on the leaf surface of the blade 100 to be de-iced are collected at the current moment. The collected water content, thickness, and hardness of the ice layer at the current moment are sent to the control module 7 as the current leaf surface ice layer state data. In the control module 7, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced are predicted by combining the current leaf surface ice layer state data and the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be de-iced is located. This is to obtain the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next preset moment. Then, based on the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next preset moment, the power mode and frequency of the microwave generator 3 are controlled and adjusted so that the microwave generator 3 generates microwave energy of preset power and frequency to excite the microwave radiation antenna 2. Then, the microwave radiation antenna 2 radiates microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer, realizing the effect of dynamically adjusting the microwave energy and achieving the effect of optimal resonance absorption with the ice layer, thereby improving the de-icing efficiency.

[0066] Specifically, by adjusting the power mode of microwave generator 3 based on the predicted ice thickness and the frequency of microwave generator 3 based on the predicted ice water content, the melting of the ice layer can be monitored in real time, and the microwave power can be dynamically adjusted according to the wind speed change. By dynamically adjusting the power and frequency of microwave energy, the wind turbine blades are kept under stable stress during the de-icing process, reducing the impact on the safe operation of the wind turbine.

[0067] In addition, the de-icing system, by setting up a microwave energy recovery device, can focus unabsorbed microwave energy through a high-efficiency microwave reflector and energy coupler and convert it into electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is stored in a supercapacitor. When the power demand of the microwave generator increases, the supercapacitor bank can quickly release electrical energy to meet the system's needs.

[0068] This embodiment also provides a method for de-icing wind turbine blades, including the following steps:

[0069] First, using the ice quality monitoring device 1, data on the state of the ice layer on the leaf surface of the leaf 100 to be de-iced are collected.

[0070] Next, using the control module 7, based on the current ice layer status data of the blade 100 to be de-iced, and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade 100 to be de-iced is located, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment is predicted; wherein, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade to be de-iced at the next moment includes the predicted value of the ice layer thickness and the predicted value of the ice layer water content.

[0071] Secondly, using the control module 7, based on the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment, the operating mode of the microwave generator 3 is controlled and adjusted so that the microwave generator 3 excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiating antenna 2, and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced; specifically, using the control module 7, based on the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced at the next moment, a control command is generated to the microwave generator 3 so that the microwave generator 3 excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiating antenna 2, and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the blade 100 to be de-iced, using the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to resonate with the ice layer to achieve the de-icing effect; wherein, the control command is used to control and adjust the operating mode of the microwave generator 3.

[0072] The following example uses the de-icing system described in this embodiment and a traditional de-icing device to illustrate the de-icing process of wind turbine blades in a certain location, demonstrating the effectiveness of the de-icing system described in this embodiment. Details are as follows:

[0073] Example 1: In an environment of -5℃, when de-icing a 2cm thick ice layer using the de-icing system described in this embodiment and a traditional microwave de-icing device; wherein the traditional microwave de-icing device uses microwave de-icing technology with a fixed frequency of 2.45GHz; from the de-icing results, the average de-icing time of the de-icing system described in this embodiment is 15 minutes, while the de-icing time of the traditional microwave de-icing device is 22 minutes; compared with the traditional microwave de-icing device, the de-icing time of the de-icing system described in this embodiment is reduced by approximately 32%; secondly, in an environment of -15℃, when de-icing a 4cm thick ice layer; the average de-icing time of the de-icing system described in this embodiment is 30 minutes, while the de-icing time of the traditional microwave de-icing device is 43 minutes, and the de-icing time of the de-icing system described in this embodiment is shortened by approximately 30%.

[0074] Cause analysis: In the de-icing system described in this embodiment, based on ice layer state data and combined with meteorological data, the predicted value of ice layer water content is obtained. Based on the predicted value of ice layer water content, the frequency of the microwave generator is controlled and adjusted to achieve de-icing with microwave energy that is dynamically adjusted in frequency. Compared with the traditional fixed-frequency microwave de-icing technology, it can greatly shorten the de-icing time and thus improve the de-icing efficiency.

[0075] Example 2: In a -10℃ environment, for an ice layer with a thickness of 3cm, the de-icing system described in this embodiment and a traditional microwave de-icing device are used for de-icing. The traditional microwave de-icing device uses planar antenna array microwave de-icing technology. From the de-icing results, the de-icing coverage rate of the de-icing system described in this embodiment can reach 92%, and the de-icing time is approximately 25 minutes; the de-icing coverage rate of the traditional microwave de-icing device is only about 65%, and the de-icing time is as long as 40 minutes. Compared with the traditional microwave de-icing device, the de-icing efficiency of the de-icing system described in this embodiment is improved by approximately 38%. Secondly, in a -20℃ environment, for an ice layer with a thickness of 5cm, the de-icing coverage rate of the de-icing system described in this embodiment can reach 85%, and the de-icing time is approximately 40 minutes; the de-icing coverage rate of the traditional microwave de-icing device is less than 50%, and the de-icing time is approximately 65 minutes. Compared with the traditional microwave de-icing device, the de-icing efficiency of the de-icing system described in this embodiment is improved by approximately 38%.

[0076] Cause analysis: In the de-icing system described in this embodiment, microwave radiating antennas are spaced apart along the axis of the blade to be de-iced, and the spacing between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas gradually decreases from the blade root to the blade tip, forming a multi-focus microwave radiating antenna array. This ensures that microwave energy forms multiple uniformly distributed focusing areas on the blade surface that change with the shape of the blade, avoiding uneven distribution of microwave energy, eliminating de-icing dead zones, and thus improving de-icing efficiency.

[0077] Example 3: In a 0℃ environment, the de-icing system described in this embodiment and the microwave de-icing device without an energy recovery device are used to perform four de-icing cycles, each lasting 25 minutes and occurring at 45-minute intervals. Compared to the microwave de-icing device without an energy recovery device, the energy utilization rate of the de-icing system described in this embodiment is increased by approximately 35%, the external energy input requirement is reduced, and the de-icing efficiency is effectively guaranteed and improved, resulting in a reduction of the overall de-icing operation time by approximately 25%. In addition, in a -10℃ environment, for the same de-icing cycle, the energy utilization rate of this invention is increased by approximately 30%, and the de-icing operation time is reduced by approximately 20%.

[0078] Cause analysis: In the de-icing system described in this embodiment, a microwave reflection device is used to receive and reflect the electromagnetic waves radiated by the microwave radiation antenna to the energy coupler, and the recovered microwave energy is converted into electrical energy and stored in a supercapacitor. The stored electrical energy is then released through the supercapacitor to the microwave generator to supplement the energy required by the microwave generator, reduce the external energy input demand, and reduce the additional consumption of wind turbine power generation.

[0079] Example 4: In winter, under low temperatures of -5℃ to 5℃, and considering local meteorological conditions, the de-icing system described in this embodiment can effectively reduce the wind turbine downtime caused by icing by about 45%, indirectly improving de-icing efficiency and ensuring the continuous and stable power generation of the wind turbine.

[0080] The de-icing system described in this embodiment uses a monitoring point set every 0.5m at a predetermined key location on the blade, and an ice quality monitoring device 1 installed at each monitoring point to accurately acquire physical characteristic data of the ice layer, and automatically adjust the frequency and power of the microwave generator 3 accordingly. Secondly, the microwave radiating antenna 2 adopts a multi-layer nested structure, with the spacing between each layer of antennas optimized according to the aerodynamic shape of the blade. From the root to the tip of the blade 100 to be de-iced, the spacing between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas 2 gradually decreases from 10cm to 5cm, so that the spacing between the antennas on the blade 100 to be de-iced is sufficient to allow the... Microwave radiating antenna 2 forms a multi-focus microwave radiating antenna array; simultaneously, based on electromagnetic simulation software, the radiation angle and gain parameters of the antenna are precisely adjusted so that the microwave energy density deviation on the blade surface is controlled within ±10%; actual tests show that in an environment of -15℃, for ice layers up to 5cm thick, the de-icing coverage rate of the multi-focus antenna array of this invention can reach more than 95%, and the de-icing time is about 30 minutes; while the de-icing coverage rate of traditional planar antenna arrays is only 60%-70%, and the de-icing time is as long as 45-50 minutes. The de-icing efficiency of this invention is improved by 35%-40%.

[0081] In this embodiment, a high-efficiency parabolic microwave reflector and energy coupler combination structure is adopted. The microwave energy recovered by the energy coupler is stored in a supercapacitor and can quickly replenish the energy required by the microwave generator. Experimental data shows that in continuous de-icing operations (each de-icing time is 30 minutes, with an interval of 1 hour, for a total of 5 de-icing cycles), the system of this invention improves energy utilization by 30%-40% compared with traditional microwave de-icing systems without energy recovery devices, reduces the external energy input requirement, thereby reducing the additional consumption of wind turbine power generation, ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of de-icing, and effectively guaranteeing and improving the overall de-icing efficiency. Secondly, the control module is connected to the real-time data interface of the meteorological station, and a deep learning prediction model is used to predict the icing situation in advance. The microwave power and frequency are dynamically adjusted according to the predicted icing situation to ensure the resonance absorption effect of microwaves and ice, thereby improving the de-icing efficiency. At the same time, it can significantly improve the operating efficiency and reliability of wind turbines under severe weather conditions, ensuring the continuity and stability of wind power generation.

[0082] The de-icing system and method for wind turbine blades described in this invention achieves a de-icing coverage rate of ≥95% and a 35% reduction in energy consumption by dynamically adjusting the microwave frequency and power through real-time monitoring of the ice layer status and combining it with parabolic reflector energy recovery technology. Furthermore, by integrating meteorological data and using an LSTM model to predict icing trends, downtime is reduced by 40%-50%. This system is suitable for cold and humid environments, significantly improving the safety and power generation efficiency of wind turbines, and providing a reliable solution for the safe and efficient operation of wind turbines in cold regions.

[0083] The above embodiments are merely one of the implementation methods for achieving the technical solution of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is not limited to this embodiment, but also includes any variations, substitutions and other implementation methods that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention.

Claims

1. A de-icing system for wind turbine blades, characterized in that, It includes an ice quality monitoring device (1), a microwave radiation antenna (2), a microwave generator (3), and a control module (7). The ice quality monitoring device (1) is used to collect and send the current ice layer status data of the blade (100) to be de-iced to the control module (7); the microwave radiation antenna (2) is used to receive the microwave energy excited by the microwave generator (3) and radiate it to the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced. The control module (7) is used to predict the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment based on the current ice layer state data of the blade (100) to be de-iced and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade (100) to be de-iced is located; it is also used to control and adjust the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator (3) according to the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment. It also includes a microwave reflector (4), an energy coupler (5), and a supercapacitor (6). The microwave reflector (4) is set on the ground and close to the blade (100) to be de-iced; the output end of the energy coupler (5) is connected to the input end of the supercapacitor (6), and the output end of the supercapacitor (6) is connected to the power supply of the microwave generator (3). The microwave reflecting device (4) is used to reflect the electromagnetic energy radiated by the microwave radiating antenna (2) to the energy coupler (5); the energy coupler (5) is used to convert the reflected electromagnetic energy into electrical energy; the supercapacitor (6) is used to store the electrical energy converted by the energy coupler (5) and provide the stored electrical energy to the microwave generator (3).

2. The de-icing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ice quality monitoring device (1) is installed at the front, middle and rear edges of the blade (100) to be de-iced; the ice quality monitoring device (1) includes a humidity sensor, an ice thickness measuring instrument and an ice hardness sensor; wherein, at the front, middle and rear edges of the blade (100) to be de-iced, one ice quality monitoring device (1) is installed at a preset distance.

3. The de-icing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, Meteorological data for the area where the blades to be de-iced (100) are located include temperature, humidity and wind speed.

4. The de-icing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave radiating antennas (2) are spaced apart along the axis of the blade to be de-iced (100); wherein, from the root to the tip of the blade to be de-iced (100), the distance between two adjacent microwave radiating antennas (2) gradually decreases.

5. A de-icing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microwave reflecting device (4) uses a microwave reflecting mirror; wherein the microwave reflecting surface of the microwave reflecting mirror is parabolic.

6. A de-icing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of predicting the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment, based on the current ice layer state data of the blade (100) to be de-iced and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade (100) to be de-iced is located, includes: The ice layer status data of the blade (100) to be de-iced at the current moment and the meteorological data of the area where the blade (100) to be de-iced is located are used as input data and input into the ice layer thickness prediction model. The output is the preset feature data of the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment. The ice layer thickness prediction model is a prediction model based on LSTM neural network.

7. A de-icing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the de-icing blade (100) at the next moment include the predicted value of the ice layer thickness and the predicted value of the ice layer water content.

8. A de-icing system for wind turbine blades according to claim 7, characterized in that, The process of controlling and adjusting the power and frequency of the microwave energy generated by the microwave generator (3) based on the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the de-icing blade (100) at the next moment includes: When the predicted ice thickness is greater than or equal to 3cm and less than 5cm, the power mode of the microwave generator (3) is controlled to be low power mode; wherein, in low power mode, the power of the microwave generator (3) is 500-800W; when the predicted ice thickness exceeds 5cm, the power mode of the microwave generator (3) is controlled to be high power mode; wherein, in high power mode, the power of the microwave generator (3) is 1200-1500W; When the predicted water content of the ice layer is between 5% and 10%, the frequency of the microwave generator (3) is controlled at 2.45 ± 0.05 GHz; when the predicted water content of the ice layer is between 10% and 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator (3) is controlled at 2.6 ± 0.1 GHz; when the predicted water content of the ice layer exceeds 20%, the frequency of the microwave generator (3) is controlled at 2.8 ± 0.1 GHz.

9. A method for de-icing wind turbine blades, characterized in that, Using the de-icing system for wind turbine blades as described in any one of claims 1-8; The de-icing method for wind turbine blades includes: Collect the current state data of the ice layer on the leaf surface of the blade (100) to be de-iced; Based on the current ice layer status data of the blade (100) to be de-iced, and combined with the meteorological data of the area where the blade (100) to be de-iced is located, the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment are predicted. Based on the preset characteristic data of the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced at the next moment, the operating mode of the microwave generator (3) is controlled and adjusted so that the microwave generator (3) excites microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the microwave radiating antenna (2), and then radiates the microwave energy of preset power and frequency to the ice layer on the blade (100) to be de-iced.

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