Exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release one-way heat transfer heat absorber

Abstract

The invention discloses a one-way heat transfer heat absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release, which belongs to the field of solar photo-thermal utilization and comprises a thermosyphon cavity and a rotational flow heat exchange tube. The thermosyphon cavity is of an annular jacket structure formed by sleeving an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, and is sequentially divided into a heat absorption section, a heat insulation section and a heat exchange section from bottom to top; the rotational flow heat exchange pipe is spirally wound in the heat exchange section; a heat-absorbing working medium is filled in the thermosyphon cavity, and a heat-carrying working medium circulates in the rotational flow heat exchange tube; the outer wall face of the heat absorption section is exposed, and a heat absorption working medium upwards enters the heat exchange section through the heat insulation section after absorbing heat and being gasified in the heat absorption section and releases heat to the rotational flow heat exchange pipe. The heat-carrying working medium in the rotational flow heat exchange pipe absorbs heat and then takes the heat out of the heat absorber; and the heat absorption working medium is condensed into liquid after releasing heat and returns to the heat absorption section under the action of gravity for circulation. The heat absorber is small in heat loss and high in efficiency, and meanwhile no-load damage of a high-temperature heat pipe due to overheat of a local high-temperature heat-carrying medium volatilization wall surface caused by direct sunlight radiation to a heat exchange structure is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of solar thermal utilization and relates to a heat absorber, in particular to a one-way heat transfer heat absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release. Background Art

[0002] Traditional fossil fuel energy produces a large amount of CO2, which leads to serious environmental pollution and climate change, threatening the prospects for sustainable development and public health. Therefore, seeking clean renewable energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and achieving sustainable development are issues that need to be addressed urgently. Among the common renewable energy sources, solar energy has attracted much attention due to its wide range, renewability, cleanliness, and high energy.

[0003] At present, photovoltaic technology is widely used in the utilization of solar energy. However, the intermittent, volatile and random characteristics of solar energy lead to large fluctuations and instability in the amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation, which is not conducive to the stability of the power grid after access to the grid. Compared with photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power generation has significant advantages such as less pollution of raw materials, stable output power, easy grid connection, and long-term large-capacity energy storage. However, the current efficiency of thermal power generation is lower than that of photovoltaic power generation, and there are problems of "double high" costs for power generation and construction, which makes it difficult to commercialize. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the design of solar thermal power generation systems to promote the commercial application of solar thermal technology.

[0004] At present, the absorber, which is one of the core components of the solar thermal power generation system, mainly has two structural forms: exposed type and indirect type. Traditional direct absorbers often use porous media as the medium to absorb radiation, and the light is directly injected into the light-transmitting porous medium. In this way, the heat exchange between air and solid occurs directly on the surface of the concentrated light, and the porous medium can provide a larger heat exchange area and a very high heat resistance temperature. If compressed air is required as the medium, the absorber usually needs to install transparent glass in the light hole to form a closed loop, but the glass will have problems such as decreased light transmittance, concentrated thermal stress, and decreased sealing pressure resistance when used for a long time. The exposed heat absorber is also called an indirect heat absorber, that is, the solar heat is focused on the heat absorbing tube (plate, screen, cavity) and directly exposed to the environment. The direct sunlight exchanges heat with the heat-carrying medium in the heat absorbing tube (plate, screen, cavity). The heat exchange between the fluid and the solid occurs directly on the surface of the concentrated light, which is prone to local high temperature. At the same time, the energy loss caused by reflection, radiation and convection heat dissipation of this structure is large, and the thermal efficiency is relatively low. Due to the influence of the environment and changeable weather, the heat flux distribution on the heat absorbing surface of the heat absorber often shows a strong non-uniform distribution characteristic, which is prone to large instantaneous thermal stress, deformation and warping, and the risk of fracture and leakage. Long-term operation will also bring thermal fatigue, thermal ratchet and other problems. Common heat-carrying media in indirect heat absorbers are mainly water, air, molten salt, etc. Air has low density and low specific heat, and its heat carrying capacity is poor; water has strong heat carrying capacity and low cost, but after local high-temperature vaporization, the local heat accumulation temperature in the tube rises rapidly, which can easily cause damage to the heat exchange tube; molten salt heat absorbers have high energy consumption for loading and unloading salt electric heating, and the current economic benefits are poor. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release, comprising a thermal siphon chamber and a cyclone heat exchange tube; the thermal siphon chamber is an annular jacket structure formed by the sleeve of an inner tube and an outer tube, and is divided into a heat absorption section, a heat insulation section and a heat exchange section from bottom to top; the cyclone heat exchange tube is wound with high-temperature resistant material and spirally wound in the heat exchange section; a heat absorbing medium is poured into the thermal siphon chamber, and a heat carrier medium flows in the cyclone heat exchange tube; the heat carrier medium is a substance that does not react with the heat absorbing medium, such as helium, argon, etc.; the outer wall surface of the heat absorbing section is exposed, and the heat absorbing medium, after absorbing heat and gasifying in the heat absorbing section, passes through the heat insulation section and enters the heat exchange section upward, releasing heat to the cyclone heat exchange tube; the heat carrier medium in the cyclone heat exchange tube absorbs heat and takes the heat out of the absorber; the heat absorbing medium condenses into liquid after releasing heat, and returns to the heat absorbing section under the action of gravity, and the cycle repeats.

[0008] To optimize the above technical solutions, the specific measures taken also include:

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of distance plates are fixed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the heat absorption section, and the plurality of distance plates divide the heat absorption section into a plurality of liquid storage chambers; the liquid storage chambers are filled with magnetic metal stirring particles; a coil is provided on the inner side of the heat absorption section, and an alternating magnetic field is generated by an alternating current; under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the stirring particles move in the heat absorption working fluid.

[0010] Furthermore, the stirring particles are magnetic metals having a melting point and a Curie point greater than or equal to 800°C, such as an iron-cobalt alloy; the outer surface of the stirring particles is processed into an irregular porous shape; the surface of the distance plate is processed with a structure that increases the surface area or increases the heat exchange area, such as a mesh, pits, stamped fins, etc.

[0011] Furthermore, the heat absorbing medium is a low melting point and low boiling point metal with a melting point not exceeding 300°C and a boiling point not exceeding 1000°C, such as sodium, potassium and sodium-potassium alloy; the inner tube and the outer tube of the thermal siphon cavity are both made of high temperature resistant metal materials, and the outer wall surface of the heat absorbing section is sprayed with a low reflection coating.

[0012] Furthermore, a spiral guide plate is arranged between the swirl heat exchange tubes.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner side of the guide plate is fixed to the inner cylinder of the heat absorption section, and the outer side is free to expand; the surface of the guide plate is processed with grooves or other fold structures such as wave patterns in the radial direction; the inner wall surface of the heat exchange section (i.e., the inner wall of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder) and the surface of the guide plate are polished; the outer wall of the swirl heat exchange tube is processed with dotted protrusions.

[0014] Furthermore, the heat carrier flows into a plurality of swirl heat exchange tubes through the heat carrier input main pipe and the heat carrier input annular pipe in sequence, and flows out through the heat carrier output annular pipe and the heat carrier output main pipe in sequence after completing heat exchange in the swirl heat exchange tube, and flows out again after taking heat through a heat exchanger and other equipment, thereby forming a heat carrier circulation; the heat carrier input main pipe and the heat carrier output main pipe are both arranged in the inner cylinder of the thermal siphon cavity and extend from the bottom thereof; the heat carrier input annular pipe is arranged on the inner side of the inner cylinder of the thermal siphon cavity and below the heat absorption section, and is connected to the heat carrier input main pipe, and a plurality of swirl heat exchange tubes pass through the inner cylinder and are connected to the heat carrier input annular pipe and the heat carrier output main pipe. The heat carrier output annular pipe is connected; the heat carrier output annular pipe is arranged at the top of the heat absorption section, and the heat carrier output main pipe passes through the inner tube to be connected thereto, and a number of swirl heat exchange tubes pass through the top of the heat absorption section and are connected to the heat carrier output annular pipe; a double tube sheet structure consisting of two layers of tube sheets is arranged at the top of the heat absorption section, and a vacuum seal is formed between the two layers of tube sheets; the swirl heat exchange tubes are fixed to the inner tube in a flexible fixing manner: a number of swirl heat exchange tubes are clamped into a group by an annular clamp passing through the guide plate, and some swirl heat exchange tubes in adjacent groups are clamped repeatedly; some swirl heat exchange tubes are clamped by U-shaped groove pads fixed on the outer wall of the inner tube, and a U-shaped groove pad is arranged every several swirl heat exchange tubes.

[0015] Furthermore, a heat-insulating layer is provided on the inner side of the heat-absorbing section, the heat-insulating section and the heat-exchanging section; and a heat-insulating structure is provided on the outer side of the heat-insulating section and the heat-exchanging section.

[0016] Furthermore, the insulation structure is a vacuum insulation chamber; the outer cylinder of the thermal siphon chamber is the inner cylinder of the vacuum insulation chamber; a bursting valve is provided on the cylinder wall between the vacuum insulation chamber and the heat exchange section of the thermal siphon chamber; when the swirl heat exchange tube is damaged, the heat-carrying medium enters the heat exchange section of the thermal siphon chamber and contacts with the heat-absorbing medium, the volume expands instantly and the pressure rises to form a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid, then the bursting piece of the bursting valve ruptures, and the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the vacuum insulation chamber; a pressure sensor is installed on the top of the vacuum insulation chamber; when the bursting piece ruptures, the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid in the thermal siphon chamber enters the vacuum insulation chamber, the pressure sensor alarms, cuts off the pumping of the heat-carrying medium, and at the same time adjusts the reflector field to reduce the solar energy concentration intensity.

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes a spring suspension mechanism; the spring suspension mechanism includes a support column and a plurality of suspension springs; the support column is vertically arranged; the upper end of the suspension spring is fixed to the support column, and the lower end is fixed to the inner tube of the thermal siphon chamber; the plurality of suspension springs are evenly arranged along the circumference of the support column and the inner tube; a plurality of radial positioning rods are also provided between the support column and the thermal siphon chamber, so that the heat absorber can be radially fixed while axially expanding and contracting.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides an exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release one-way heat transfer absorber, which reduces heat loss and greatly improves the heat absorption efficiency of the absorber. At the same time, the heat equalization technology and the swirl heat exchange tube technology are used to reduce stress, avoid local overheating and stress deformation damage, and greatly improve the reliability and service life of the absorber. Specifically, the thermosiphon cavity of the annular jacket structure is divided into a heat absorption section, an insulation section and a heat exchange section. The heat absorption section is exposed and the outer wall is coated with a low-reflection coating to increase the absorption rate of concentrated solar energy. The insulation section and the heat exchange section are insulated, the outer side is a vacuum insulation cavity, and the inner side is an insulation layer to avoid the decrease in heat loss efficiency; the swirl heat exchange tube is spirally wound in the heat exchange section to reduce thermal stress; a spiral guide plate is arranged outside the inner tube of the heat exchange section to split the liquid film, so that it can quickly flow back to the heat absorption section to avoid a large number of droplets gathering in the spiral heat exchange tube to increase thermal resistance; in addition, a burst valve and a pressure sensor are provided to ensure the intrinsic safety of the equipment; and the thermal stress caused by temperature changes is compensated by a spring suspension mechanism to avoid deformation or even rupture of the pipeline. Compared with traditional photothermal absorbers, the absorber of the present invention has lower heat loss and higher efficiency. At the same time, it avoids the local high-temperature heat medium volatilization wall overheating caused by direct sunlight on the heat exchange structure, resulting in high-temperature heat pipe no-load damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the partial cross-sectional structure of a one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release.

[0020] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swirl heat exchange tube;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat absorption section;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the swirl heat exchange tube and the guide plate;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a comparison of the film thickness with and without guide plates;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the fixed structure of the swirl heat exchange tube (the guide plate is not drawn);

[0025] Figure 7 This is the working principle diagram of pressure relief when leakage occurs in the swirl heat exchange tube;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of heat absorption of a one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The specific implementation of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release, including a thermal siphon chamber and a swirl heat exchange tube 2.

[0029] The thermosyphon chamber is an annular jacket structure formed by the inner tube 11 and the outer tube 12, which is divided into a heat absorption section 13, a heat insulation section 14 and a heat exchange section 15 from bottom to top. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cyclone heat exchange tube 2 is made of high temperature resistant material and spirally wound in the heat exchange section 15, with low thermal stress. The heat absorbing medium is poured into the thermosiphon cavity, and the heat carrier medium flows in the cyclone heat exchange tube 2. The heat absorbing medium is a low melting point and low boiling point metal with a melting point not exceeding 300°C and a boiling point not exceeding 1000°C, such as sodium, potassium, and sodium-potassium alloy. The heat carrier medium is a substance that does not react with the heat absorbing medium, such as helium, argon, etc.

[0030] The outer wall of the heat absorption section 13 is exposed. After being reflected by the mirror field, the sunlight is focused on the outer surface of the heat absorption section 13. After absorbing heat and gasifying in the heat absorption section 13, the heat-absorbing medium passes through the heat-insulating section 14 and enters the heat exchange section 15 upward, releasing heat to the cyclone heat exchange tube 2. The heat-carrying medium in the cyclone heat exchange tube 2 absorbs heat and takes the heat out of the heat absorber. After releasing heat, the heat-absorbing medium condenses into liquid and returns to the heat absorption section 13 under the action of gravity, and the cycle repeats.

[0031] Regarding the heat absorption section 13: Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, a plurality of spacer plates 131 are fixed between the inner cylinder 11 and the outer cylinder 12 of the heat absorption section 13, and the plurality of spacer plates 131 divide the heat absorption section 13 into a plurality of liquid storage chambers. The liquid storage chamber is filled with magnetic metal stirring particles. A coil 132 is provided on the inner side of the heat absorption section 13, and an alternating magnetic field is generated by an alternating current. Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the stirring particles move in the heat absorption medium, strengthening the convection heat transfer inside the heat absorption medium, making the bubble and boiling heat transfer more significant, thereby strengthening the heat exchange.

[0032] Specifically, the stirring particles are magnetic metals with a melting point and a Curie point greater than or equal to 800°C, such as an iron-cobalt alloy, and can perform high-frequency motion in the heat-absorbing medium under the action of an alternating magnetic field. The outer surface of the stirring particles is processed into an irregular porous shape to accelerate the oscillation of the heat-absorbing medium and strengthen its internal convection heat transfer.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the distance plate 131 is processed with a structure that increases the surface area or the heat exchange area, such as a mesh, pits, stamped fins, etc., so as to increase the vaporization core, reduce the contact angle between the heat absorbing medium and the heat exchange surface, and increase the bubble detachment frequency, thereby enhancing the boiling effect of the heat absorbing medium in the liquid storage cavity of the heat absorption section 13.

[0034] The inner tube 11 and the outer tube 12 of the thermosiphon chamber are both made of high temperature resistant metal materials, and the outer wall surface of the heat absorption section 13 is sprayed with a low reflection coating to increase the absorption rate of concentrated solar energy.

[0035] Regarding heat exchange section 15: Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a spiral guide plate 151 is arranged between the swirl heat exchange tubes 2 to increase the contact angle between the condensate droplets and the vertical cylinder wall, and at the same time divide the liquid surface in the axial direction, shorten the condensate flow path, and reduce the thickness of the liquid film. Specifically, the inner side of the guide plate 151 is fixed to the inner cylinder 11 of the heat absorption section 13, and the outer side is free to expand.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment, the surface of the guide plate 151 is processed with grooves or other shaped fold structures along the radial direction, which can divide the liquid surface to prevent the condensate from gathering and accumulating to increase thermal resistance, destroy the surface tension of the liquid and reduce the thickness of the liquid film, and at the same time increase the heat exchange area to enhance heat transfer. The inner wall surface of the heat exchange section 15 (i.e., the inner wall surface of the inner tube 11 and the outer tube 12) and the surface of the guide plate 151 are polished to reduce the surface roughness, slow down the wall hanging effect, and prevent the condensate from gathering on the outer wall surface. By providing the guide plate 151, processing the fold structure on the surface of the guide plate 151, and polishing the inner surface of the heat exchange section 15 and the surface of the guide plate 151, the condensate flow is shortened and the liquid film thickness is reduced, so as to achieve the purpose of strengthening condensation heat exchange.

[0037] The outer wall of the swirl heat exchange tube 2 is processed with dotted protrusions to gather the condensate of the heat-absorbing working fluid, so that it gathers into drops and falls back to the liquid storage chamber of the heat-absorbing section 13 under the action of gravity, avoiding the condensate from gathering on the outer wall of the swirl heat exchange tube 2 to form a liquid film, which increases thermal resistance and affects heat transfer efficiency.

[0038] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the heat carrier flows into a plurality of cyclone heat exchange tubes 2 through the heat carrier input main pipe 311 and the heat carrier input annular pipe 312 in sequence, and flows out through the heat carrier output annular pipe 322 and the heat carrier output main pipe 321 in sequence after the cyclone heat exchange tube 2 completes the heat exchange, and flows out again through the heat carrier output annular pipe 322 and the heat carrier output main pipe 321 after the heat is taken out by the heat exchanger and other equipment, thus forming a heat carrier circulation. The heat carrier input main pipe 311 and the heat carrier output main pipe 321 are both arranged in the inner tube 11 of the thermosyphon cavity and extend from the bottom thereof. The heat carrier input annular pipe 312 is arranged on the inner side of the thermosyphon cavity inner tube 11 and below the heat absorption section 15, and is connected to the heat carrier input main pipe 311, and a plurality of cyclone heat exchange tubes 2 pass through the inner tube 11 and are connected to the heat carrier input annular pipe 312. The heat carrier output annular pipe 322 is arranged at the top of the heat absorption section 15, the heat carrier output main pipe 321 passes through the inner tube 11 to be connected thereto, and a plurality of swirl heat exchange tubes 2 pass through the top of the heat absorption section 15 to be connected to the heat carrier output annular pipe 322. The top of the heat absorption section 13 is provided with a double tube sheet structure consisting of two layers of tube sheets 16, and the two layers of tube sheets 16 are vacuum-sealed to prevent air from entering the thermosiphon cavity and reacting with the heat absorption medium. Specifically, the swirl heat exchange tube 2 passes through the two layers of tube sheets 16, and the passing part is sealed and welded with the tube sheets 16, and the contact part between the swirl heat exchange tube 2 and the tube sheets 16 adopts a variable diameter reinforcement structure to avoid stress concentration leading to pipeline rupture and leakage of heat carrier.

[0039] The swirl heat exchange tube 2 is fixed to the inner tube 11 in a flexible fixing manner. Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, a plurality of swirl heat exchange tubes 2 are clamped into a group by an annular clamp 21 passing through the guide plate 151, and some swirl heat exchange tubes 2 of adjacent groups are clamped repeatedly. Some swirl heat exchange tubes 2 are clamped by U-shaped groove pads 22 fixed on the outer wall of the inner tube 11, and a U-shaped groove pad 22 is arranged every several swirl heat exchange tubes 2. The annular clamp 21 and the U-shaped groove pad 22 ensure that the swirl heat exchange tubes 2 can expand radially without misalignment.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the inner side of the heat absorption section 13, the insulation section 14 and the heat exchange section 15 is provided with an insulation layer 41; the outer side of the insulation section 14 and the heat exchange section 15 is provided with an insulation structure. The heat loss of the thermosiphon cavity is reduced by the inner insulation layer 41 and the outer insulation structure. Specifically, the insulation structure is a vacuum insulation cavity 42. The outer cylinder 12 of the thermosiphon cavity is the inner cylinder of the vacuum insulation cavity 42.

[0041] like Figure 7 As shown, in a preferred embodiment, a bursting valve 51 is provided on the wall between the vacuum insulation chamber 42 and the heat exchange section 15 of the thermosiphon chamber. When the cyclone heat exchange tube 2 is damaged, the heat-carrying medium enters the heat exchange section 15 of the thermosiphon chamber and contacts the heat-absorbing medium, and the volume expands instantly and the pressure rises to form a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid. Then, the bursting disc of the bursting valve 51 ruptures, and the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the vacuum insulation chamber 42, and the thermosiphon chamber is quickly depressurized to ensure safety. In addition, a pressure sensor 52 is installed on the top of the vacuum insulation chamber 42. When the bursting disc ruptures, the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid in the thermosiphon chamber enters the vacuum insulation chamber 42, and the pressure sensor 52 alarms, cutting off the pumping of the heat-carrying medium, and at the same time adjusting the reflector field to reduce the solar concentration intensity, avoid overheating and damage to the absorber, and ensure safety.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the heat absorber also includes a spring suspension mechanism. The spring suspension mechanism includes a support column 61 and a plurality of suspension springs 62. The support column 61 is vertically arranged. The upper end of the suspension spring 62 is fixed to the support column 61, and the lower end is fixed to the inner tube 11 of the thermal siphon chamber. The plurality of suspension springs 62 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the support column 61 and the inner tube 11. The device compensates for the thermal stress caused by temperature changes through the spring suspension mechanism, avoiding deformation or even rupture of the heat carrier input main pipe 311 and the heat carrier output main pipe 321 due to length changes caused by temperature changes. Figure 3 As shown, a plurality of radial positioning rods 63 are provided between the support column 61 and the thermosiphon chamber, so that the heat absorber can be radially fixed while axially extending and contracting, thereby preventing the heat absorber from being damaged due to radial displacement caused by external forces.

[0043] During operation, sunlight is reflected by the mirror field and converges on the outer wall of the heat absorption section 13 of the thermosiphon cavity. After the heat is absorbed, it quickly heats the heat absorbing medium in the liquid storage chamber of the heat absorption section 13. The heat absorbing medium heats up and vaporizes and passes upward through the insulation section 14, then enters the heat exchange section 15, exchanges heat with the heat carrier medium in the cyclone heat exchange tube 2, and the heat carrier medium flows through the cyclone heat exchange tube 2 and is heated and then flows out of the heat absorber, and re-enters the heat absorber after a secondary heat exchange with water or air. After completing the heat exchange with the heat carrier medium in the cyclone heat exchange tube 2, the heat absorbing medium condenses on the outer wall of the cyclone heat exchange tube 2, and then falls back to the liquid storage chamber of the heat absorption section 13 of the thermosiphon cavity, and the cycle continues.

[0044] When the cyclone heat exchange tube 2 fails, the heat carrier enters the heat exchange section 15 and is heated violently by the high-temperature heat absorbing medium, causing the pressure in the heat exchange section 15 to rise and exceed the safety value. At this time, the bursting disc ruptures and opens, and the heat carrier enters the vacuum insulation chamber 42, realizing rapid pressure relief of the thermosiphon chamber. The pressure sensor 52 of the vacuum insulation chamber 42 detects a high-pressure alarm, and at this time, the heat carrier is controlled to stop pumping, and the mirror field lens is adjusted to reduce the focusing intensity to ensure the safety of the heat absorber.

[0045] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. In addition, the reagents, materials and operating procedures used herein are reagents, materials and conventional procedures widely used in the corresponding fields.

[0046] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. cited in the invention are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release, characterized in that: It includes a thermal siphon chamber and a cyclone heat exchange tube; The thermosyphon chamber is an annular jacket structure formed by the inner and outer tubes, which is divided into a heat absorption section, a heat insulation section and a heat exchange section from bottom to top; The swirl heat exchange tube is spirally wound in the heat exchange section; The heat absorbing medium is poured into the thermosiphon cavity, and the heat carrying medium flows through the swirl heat exchange tube; The outer wall of the heat absorption section is exposed. After absorbing heat and vaporizing in the heat absorption section, the heat absorbing medium passes through the insulation section and enters the heat exchange section upward, releasing heat to the swirl heat exchange tube; the heat-carrying medium in the swirl heat exchange tube absorbs heat and takes the heat out of the heat absorber; the heat absorbing medium condenses into liquid after releasing heat, and returns to the heat absorption section under the action of gravity, and the cycle repeats.

2. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A plurality of distance plates are fixed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the heat absorption section, and the distance plates divide the heat absorption section into a plurality of liquid storage chambers; the liquid storage chambers are filled with magnetic metal stirring particles; A coil is provided inside the heat absorbing section, which generates an alternating magnetic field through an alternating current; Under the action of the alternating magnetic field, the stirring particles move in the heat-absorbing working fluid.

3. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The stirring particles are magnetic metals with a melting point and a Curie point both greater than or equal to 800° C.; the outer surface of the stirring particles is processed into an irregular porous shape; The surface of the distance plate is processed to have a structure that increases the surface area or increases the heat exchange area.

4. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat absorbing medium is a metal with a melting point not exceeding 300°C and a boiling point not exceeding 1000°C; The outer wall surface of the heat absorption section is sprayed with a low-reflection coating.

5. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A spiral guide plate is arranged between the swirl heat exchange tubes.

6. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The inner side of the guide plate is fixed to the inner cylinder of the heat absorption section, and the outer side is free to expand; The guide plate surface is processed with radial grooves or fold structures; The inner wall surface of the heat exchange section and the surface of the guide plate are polished; The outer wall of the swirl heat exchange tube is processed with dot-shaped protrusions.

7. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The swirl heat exchange tube passes through the top of the heat absorption section. The top of the heat absorption section is provided with a double tube sheet structure consisting of two layers of tube sheets, and the two layers of tube sheets are vacuum sealed; A plurality of swirl heat exchange tubes are clamped into a group by an annular clamp, and some swirl heat exchange tubes in adjacent groups are clamped repeatedly; some swirl heat exchange tubes are clamped by U-shaped groove pads fixed on the outer wall of the inner tube, and a U-shaped groove pad is arranged every several swirl heat exchange tubes.

8. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner sides of the heat absorption section, the heat insulation section and the heat exchange section are provided with a heat insulation layer; the outer sides of the heat insulation section and the heat exchange section are provided with a heat insulation structure.

9. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 8 is characterized in that: The thermal insulation structure is a vacuum thermal insulation chamber; A bursting valve is provided on the wall between the vacuum insulation chamber and the heat exchange section of the thermosyphon chamber. When the cyclone heat exchange tube is damaged, the heat-carrying medium enters the heat exchange section of the thermosyphon chamber and contacts the heat-absorbing medium, and the volume expands instantly and the pressure rises to form a high-temperature and high-pressure fluid. Then the bursting disc of the bursting valve ruptures, and the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid enters the vacuum insulation chamber. A pressure sensor is installed on the top of the vacuum insulation chamber; when the bursting disc ruptures, the high-temperature and high-pressure fluid in the thermal siphon chamber enters the vacuum insulation chamber, the pressure sensor alarms, and the pumping of the heat-carrying medium is cut off.

10. The one-way heat transfer absorber with exposed heat absorption and hidden heat release according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also included is a spring suspension mechanism; The spring suspension mechanism comprises a support column and a plurality of suspension springs; the support column is arranged vertically; the upper end of the suspension spring is fixed to the support column, and the lower end is fixed to the inner cylinder of the thermosyphon chamber; the plurality of suspension springs are evenly arranged along the circumference of the support column and the inner cylinder; A plurality of radial positioning rods are also arranged between the support column and the thermal siphon chamber.

Images