A transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis method and related equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses a transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis method and related equipment, a first waveform feature reference value is obtained by performing feature extraction on a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer without winding fault, a second waveform feature reference value is obtained by performing feature extraction on a second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer with winding fault, the winding fault is diagnosed by comparing the first waveform feature reference value with the second waveform feature reference value, without human judgment, having the advantages of fast, efficient and accurate diagnosis of the winding fault, and the accuracy of transformer winding fault diagnosis is improved, and the safe and stable operation of the transformer is ensured to a greater extent.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to the field of winding fault diagnosis technology, and in particular to a method and related equipment for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings. [Background Technology]

[0002] Transformer windings, as one of the most crucial components of a power transformer, serve not only as the path for current flow but also as the primary carrier of magnetic energy coupling. By adjusting the number of turns in the primary and secondary windings, different voltage levels can be achieved, fulfilling the vital task of electrical energy conversion. However, windings are not only structurally complex but also located inside the transformer, making them difficult to observe and test directly. Furthermore, they face challenges such as long-term operation, overload, and material aging, often making faults difficult to detect. A winding fault can trigger an internal short circuit or partial discharge, leading to transformer damage, and even fire or explosion, threatening personal safety and property. Simultaneously, power outages disrupt normal production and daily life, causing severe economic losses and social impact. Therefore, fault diagnosis of transformer windings is of paramount importance for ensuring the safe operation of the power system.

[0003] The electrical parameters of a transformer winding in its equivalent network are closely related to the winding's geometry, relative position, and insulating medium. When different faults occur in the winding, the electrical parameters in its equivalent network will change accordingly. Because the frequency response characteristic curves of the winding under different fault conditions intersect and overlap, resulting in complex and diverse changes, current practical applications often require experienced personnel to rely on the degree of deviation of the characteristic curves and the changing patterns of the resonant points to determine the winding's fault condition. This manual judgment method is inefficient and inaccurate, and cannot guarantee the safe and stable operation of the transformer. [Summary of the Invention]

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method and related equipment for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings.

[0005] The specific technical solution of the first embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings, the method comprising: injecting first excitation signals of different frequencies into a first transformer and a second transformer; acquiring a first response signal output by the first transformer and a second response signal output by the second transformer; wherein the first transformer is a transformer without winding faults, and the second transformer is a transformer with winding faults; obtaining a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer based on the first excitation signal and the first response signal; obtaining a second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the second transformer based on the first excitation signal and the second response signal; and obtaining a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve based on the total number of first sampling frequency points and the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve. The first waveform characteristic reference value of the first transformer is obtained by taking the first amplitude at a frequency point in the line; the first waveform characteristic reference value includes the first root mean square of amplitude, the first absolute average of amplitude, the first kurtosis of amplitude, the first peak factor of amplitude, and the first amplitude margin factor; the second waveform characteristic reference value of the second transformer is obtained by taking the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve based on the total number of second sampling frequency points and the second amplitude at a frequency point in the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the second waveform characteristic reference value includes the second root mean square of amplitude, the second absolute average of amplitude, the second kurtosis of amplitude, the second peak factor of amplitude, and the second amplitude margin factor; the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer winding is obtained by taking the first waveform characteristic reference value and the second waveform characteristic reference value.

[0006] Preferably, obtaining the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer based on the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value includes: if the second root mean square amplitude is greater than the first root mean square amplitude, the second absolute average amplitude is greater than the first absolute average amplitude, the second peak amplitude factor is less than the first peak amplitude factor, and the second amplitude margin factor is less than the first amplitude margin factor, then the second transformer winding has an axial displacement fault.

[0007] Preferably, the method further includes: the larger the value of the second root mean square of the amplitude or the second absolute average value of the amplitude, the deeper the degree of axial displacement fault in the second transformer winding.

[0008] Preferably, the method further includes: the smaller the value of the second amplitude peak factor or the second amplitude margin factor, the deeper the degree of axial displacement fault in the second transformer winding.

[0009] Preferably, the method further includes: when the second transformer winding experiences an axial displacement fault, if the second amplitude kurtosis is less than the first amplitude kurtosis, then the preset upper region of the second transformer winding experiences an axial displacement fault; if the second amplitude kurtosis is greater than the first amplitude kurtosis, then the preset middle region and the preset lower region of the second transformer winding experience axial displacement faults.

[0010] Preferably, the first root mean square of the amplitude, the first absolute average of the amplitude, and the first peak factor of the amplitude are obtained using the following formula:

[0011]

[0012]

[0013]

[0014] in, The root mean square of the first amplitude. The absolute average of the first amplitude. This is the first amplitude peak factor. The total number of sampling frequency points. The frequency point of the first amplitude-frequency response curve is at a frequency of i The amplitude corresponding to the time, This is the maximum amplitude value in the first amplitude-frequency response curve.

[0015] Preferably, the first amplitude kurtosis and the first amplitude margin factor are obtained using the following formula:

[0016]

[0017]

[0018] in, The kurtosis of the first amplitude. This is the first magnitude margin factor. The total number of sampling frequency points. The frequency point of the first amplitude-frequency response curve is at a frequency of i The amplitude corresponding to the time, The maximum amplitude value in the first amplitude-frequency response curve. The average amplitude of the first amplitude-frequency response curve.

[0019] The specific technical solution of the second embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis system, the system comprising: a response signal acquisition module, a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module, a second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module, a first characteristic reference value acquisition module, a second characteristic reference value acquisition module, and a diagnosis module; the response signal acquisition module is used to inject first excitation signals of different frequencies into a first transformer and a second transformer, and acquire a first response signal output by the first transformer and a second response signal output by the second transformer; the first transformer is a transformer without winding fault, and the second transformer is a transformer with winding fault; the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module is used to obtain a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer based on the first excitation signal and the first response signal; the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module is used to obtain a second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the second transformer based on the first excitation signal and the second response signal. The first characteristic reference value acquisition module is used to obtain a first waveform characteristic reference value of the first transformer based on the total number of first sampling frequency points of the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the first amplitude of the frequency points in the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the first waveform characteristic reference value includes a first root mean square amplitude, a first absolute average amplitude, a first kurtosis amplitude, a first peak amplitude factor, and a first amplitude margin factor; the second characteristic reference value acquisition module is used to obtain a second waveform characteristic reference value of the second transformer based on the total number of second sampling frequency points of the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the second amplitude of the frequency points in the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the second waveform characteristic reference value includes a second root mean square amplitude, a second absolute average amplitude, a second kurtosis amplitude, a second peak amplitude factor, and a second amplitude margin factor; the diagnostic module is used to obtain the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer winding based on the first waveform characteristic reference value and the second waveform characteristic reference value.

[0020] The specific technical solution of the third embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis device, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the method as described in any one of the first embodiments of this application.

[0021] The specific technical solution of the fourth embodiment of the present invention is as follows: a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, wherein when the computer program is executed by a processor, the processor performs the steps of the method as described in any one of the first embodiments of this application.

[0022] Implementing the embodiments of the present invention will have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] This invention diagnoses winding faults by extracting features from the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer without winding faults to obtain a first waveform feature reference value, and by extracting features from the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer with winding faults to obtain a second waveform feature reference value. The method of diagnosing winding faults by comparing the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value does not require human judgment and has the advantages of fast, efficient and accurate diagnosis of winding faults, thereby improving the accuracy of transformer winding fault diagnosis and ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers to a greater extent. [Attached Image Description]

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the steps of a method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the winding fault test platform;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis system.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a diagram of the internal structure of a computer device.

[0029] Among them, 201 is a computer; 202 is a signal generator; 203 is the first circuit breaker; 204 is the second circuit breaker; 205 is the third circuit breaker; 206 is a capacitive sensor; 207 is a voltage transformer; 208 is a station service transformer; 209 is a protective resistor; 210 is a low-voltage bushing; 211 is a high-voltage bushing; 212 is a test transformer; 213 is an iron core; 214 is a low-voltage winding; 215 is a high-voltage winding; 301 is a response signal acquisition module; 302 is a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module; 303 is a second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module; 304 is a first characteristic reference value acquisition module; 305 is a second characteristic reference value acquisition module; and 306 is a diagnostic module.

Detailed Implementation Methods

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or modules is not limited to the listed steps or modules, but may optionally include steps or modules not listed, or may optionally include other steps or modules inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0032] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0033] Please see Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis method according to the first embodiment of this application, thereby ensuring the safe and stable operation of the transformer. The method includes:

[0034] Step 101: Inject first excitation signals of different frequencies into the first transformer and the second transformer, and obtain the first response signal output by the first transformer and the second response signal output by the second transformer; the first transformer is a transformer without winding fault, and the second transformer is a transformer with winding fault;

[0035] Step 102: Obtain the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer based on the first excitation signal and the first response signal;

[0036] Step 103: Obtain the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the second transformer based on the first excitation signal and the second response signal;

[0037] Step 104: Obtain the first waveform characteristic reference value of the first transformer based on the total number of the first sampling frequency points of the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the first amplitude of the frequency points in the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the first waveform characteristic reference value includes the first amplitude root mean square, the first amplitude absolute average, the first amplitude kurtosis, the first amplitude peak factor, and the first amplitude margin factor;

[0038] Step 105: Obtain the second waveform characteristic reference value of the second transformer based on the total number of second sampling frequency points of the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the second amplitude of the frequency points in the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the second waveform characteristic reference value includes the root mean square of the second amplitude, the absolute average of the second amplitude, the kurtosis of the second amplitude, the peak factor of the second amplitude, and the margin factor of the second amplitude;

[0039] Step 106: Obtain the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer winding based on the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value.

[0040] Specifically, the response signal is obtained in the winding fault test platform. Please refer to the structural diagram of the winding fault test platform. Figure 2 The winding fault test platform mainly includes: a computer 201, a signal generator 202, a first circuit breaker 203 connected to a capacitance sensor 206, a second circuit breaker 204 connected to a voltage transformer 207, a third circuit breaker 205 connected to a station service transformer 208, a protection resistor 209, a low-voltage bushing 210, a high-voltage bushing 211, a test transformer 212, an iron core 213, a low-voltage winding 214, and a high-voltage winding 215. The computer 201 and the signal generator 202 work together to generate excitation signals, which are then transmitted via the first circuit breaker 201. 3. The second circuit breaker 204 and the third circuit breaker 205 pass through the capacitance sensor 206, voltage transformer 207, and station service transformer 208 in sequence to reach the low-voltage bushing 210, and then flow into the low-voltage winding 214 and high-voltage winding 215 of the test transformer 212. Finally, the response signal received at the high-voltage bushing 211 is transmitted back to the computer 201. After technical processing, the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the normal transformer winding under the condition that the non-excitation signal is input from the capacitance sensor 206, voltage transformer 207, and station service transformer 208 can be obtained in sequence. After setting corresponding axial displacement faults on the low-voltage winding 214 and the high-voltage winding 215, the test steps are repeated to obtain the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the second transformer under fault conditions. At the same time, the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer under no winding fault conditions is obtained. The first waveform characteristic reference value is obtained by feature extraction of the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the transformer without winding fault, and the second waveform characteristic reference value is obtained by feature extraction of the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the transformer with winding fault. The winding fault is diagnosed by comparing the first waveform characteristic reference value and the second waveform characteristic reference value.

[0041] The method in this embodiment obtains a first waveform feature reference value by extracting features from the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer without winding faults, and obtains a second waveform feature reference value by extracting features from the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer with winding faults. The method diagnoses winding faults by comparing the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value. It does not require human judgment and has the advantages of fast, efficient and accurate diagnosis of winding faults, thereby improving the accuracy of transformer winding fault diagnosis and ensuring the safe and stable operation of transformers to a greater extent.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, for each input excitation signal frequency, the ratio of the steady-state amplitude of the output response signal to the amplitude of the input excitation signal is calculated. This ratio is the amplitude-frequency response value at that frequency. All input frequencies and their corresponding amplitude-frequency response values ​​are plotted on a coordinate system. The horizontal axis represents the frequency of the input signal, and the vertical axis represents the amplitude-frequency response value (i.e., the ratio of the output amplitude to the input amplitude). Connecting these points forms a smooth curve, which is the amplitude-frequency response curve.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the first root mean square amplitude, the first absolute average amplitude, and the first amplitude peak factor are obtained using the following formula:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] in, The root mean square of the first amplitude. The absolute average of the first amplitude. This is the first amplitude peak factor. The total number of sampling frequency points. The frequency point of the first amplitude-frequency response curve is at a frequency of i The amplitude corresponding to the time, This is the maximum amplitude value in the first amplitude-frequency response curve.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, the first amplitude kurtosis and the first amplitude margin factor are obtained using the following formula:

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] in, The kurtosis of the first amplitude. This is the first magnitude margin factor. The total number of sampling frequency points. The frequency point of the first amplitude-frequency response curve is at a frequency of i The amplitude corresponding to the time, The maximum amplitude value in the first amplitude-frequency response curve. The average amplitude of the first amplitude-frequency response curve.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, obtaining the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer based on the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value includes: if the second root mean square amplitude is greater than the first root mean square amplitude, the second absolute average amplitude is greater than the first absolute average amplitude, the second peak amplitude factor is less than the first peak amplitude factor, and the second amplitude margin factor is less than the first amplitude margin factor, then the second transformer winding has an axial displacement fault.

[0053] Specifically, axial displacement faults are determined by comparing the waveform characteristics of the first transformer with those of the second transformer.

[0054] If the second transformer RMS >The first transformer RMS The second transformer AM >The first transformer AM And the second transformer CF <The first transformer> CF The second transformer MF <The first transformer> MF If this is the case, it can be determined that the transformer winding has experienced an axial displacement fault.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, the method further includes: the larger the value of the second root mean square of the amplitude or the second absolute average value of the amplitude, the deeper the degree of axial displacement fault in the second transformer winding.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, the method further includes: the smaller the value of the second amplitude peak factor or the second amplitude margin factor, the deeper the degree of axial displacement fault in the second transformer winding.

[0057] Specifically, as the degree of axial displacement fault worsens, RMS , AM The feature values ​​show an increasing trend, while CF , MF The characteristic values ​​gradually decrease.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, the method further includes: when an axial displacement fault occurs in the second transformer winding, if the second amplitude kurtosis is less than the first amplitude kurtosis, then an axial displacement fault occurs in a preset upper region of the second transformer winding; if the second amplitude kurtosis is greater than the first amplitude kurtosis, then an axial displacement fault occurs in a preset middle region and a preset lower region of the second transformer winding. Specifically, when a winding fault occurs, if the second transformer... Ku <The first transformer> Ku If this is the case, it can be determined that an axial displacement fault has occurred in the upper region of the winding; conversely, if the second transformer... Ku >The first transformer Ku If this is the case, it can be determined that an axial displacement fault has occurred in the middle and lower regions of the winding.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, please refer to Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of a transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis system according to a second embodiment of this application. The system includes: a response signal acquisition module 301, a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module 302, a second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module 303, a first feature reference value acquisition module 304, a second feature reference value acquisition module 305, and a diagnosis module 306. The response signal acquisition module 301 is used to inject first excitation signals of different frequencies into a first transformer and a second transformer, and acquire a first response signal output by the first transformer and a second response signal output by the second transformer. The first transformer is a transformer without winding fault, and the second transformer is a transformer with winding fault. The first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module 302 is used to obtain a first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer based on the first excitation signal and the first response signal. The second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module 303 is used to obtain the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer based on the first excitation signal and the first response signal. The second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the second transformer; the first characteristic reference value acquisition module 304 is used to obtain the first waveform characteristic reference value of the first transformer based on the total number of the first sampling frequency points of the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the first amplitude of the frequency points in the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the first waveform characteristic reference value includes the first root mean square of amplitude, the first absolute average of amplitude, the first kurtosis of amplitude, the first peak factor of amplitude and the first amplitude margin factor; the second characteristic reference value acquisition module 305 is used to obtain the second waveform characteristic reference value of the second transformer based on the total number of the second sampling frequency points of the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the second amplitude of the frequency points in the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the second waveform characteristic reference value includes the second root mean square of amplitude, the second absolute average of amplitude, the second kurtosis of amplitude, the second peak factor of amplitude and the second amplitude margin factor; the diagnosis module 306 is used to obtain the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer winding based on the first waveform characteristic reference value and the second waveform characteristic reference value.

[0060] The system in this embodiment obtains a first waveform feature reference value by extracting features from the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer without winding faults, and obtains a second waveform feature reference value by extracting features from the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of a transformer with winding faults. The method of diagnosing winding faults by comparing the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value does not require human judgment and has the advantages of fast, efficient and accurate diagnosis of winding faults. This improves the accuracy of transformer winding fault diagnosis and can better ensure the safe and stable operation of transformers.

[0061] In a specific embodiment, the third embodiment of this application provides a transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis device, including a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor performs the steps of the method as described in any one of the first embodiments of this application.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the fourth embodiment of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of the first embodiments of this application.

[0063] Figure 4 An internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment is shown. This computer device can specifically be a terminal or a server. See also... Figure 4 The computer device includes a processor, memory, etc., connected via a system bus. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system and may also store a computer program. When executed by the processor, this computer program causes the processor to implement the method described in this embodiment. The internal memory may also store a computer program, which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the method described in this embodiment. Those skilled in the art will understand that... Figure 4 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0064] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

[0065] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments for application in other fields. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings, characterized in that, The method includes: First excitation signals of different frequencies are injected into the first transformer and the second transformer to obtain the first response signal output by the first transformer and the second response signal output by the second transformer; the first transformer is a transformer without winding fault, and the second transformer is a transformer with winding fault. The first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer is obtained based on the first excitation signal and the first response signal; The second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the second transformer is obtained based on the first excitation signal and the second response signal; The first waveform characteristic reference value of the first transformer is obtained based on the total number of the first sampling frequency points of the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the first amplitude of the frequency points in the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the first waveform characteristic reference value includes the first root mean square of the amplitude, the first absolute average of the amplitude, the first amplitude kurtosis, the first amplitude peak factor, and the first amplitude margin factor; The second waveform characteristic reference value of the second transformer is obtained based on the total number of the second sampling frequency points of the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the second amplitude of the frequency points in the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the second waveform characteristic reference value includes the root mean square of the second amplitude, the absolute average of the second amplitude, the kurtosis of the second amplitude, the peak factor of the second amplitude, and the margin factor of the second amplitude. The axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer winding is obtained based on the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value.

2. The method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of obtaining the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer based on the first waveform characteristic reference value and the second waveform characteristic reference value includes: If the second root mean square amplitude is greater than the first root mean square amplitude, the second absolute average amplitude is greater than the first absolute average amplitude, the second peak amplitude factor is less than the first peak amplitude factor, and the second amplitude margin factor is less than the first amplitude margin factor, then the second transformer winding has an axial displacement fault.

3. The method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: The larger the value of the second root mean square or the second absolute average value, the more severe the axial displacement fault of the second transformer winding.

4. The method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: The smaller the value of the second amplitude peak factor or the second amplitude margin factor, the deeper the degree of axial displacement fault in the second transformer winding.

5. The method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the second transformer winding experiences an axial displacement fault, if the second amplitude kurtosis is less than the first amplitude kurtosis, then the preset upper region of the second transformer winding experiences an axial displacement fault. If the second amplitude kurtosis is greater than the first amplitude kurtosis, then the preset middle region and preset lower region of the second transformer winding will experience axial displacement faults.

6. The method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The root mean square of the first amplitude, the absolute average of the first amplitude, and the peak factor of the first amplitude are obtained using the following formula: in, The root mean square of the first amplitude. The absolute average of the first amplitude. This is the first amplitude peak factor. The total number of sampling frequency points, The frequency point of the first amplitude-frequency response curve is at a frequency of i The amplitude corresponding to the time, This is the maximum amplitude value in the first amplitude-frequency response curve.

7. The method for diagnosing axial displacement faults in transformer windings as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first amplitude kurtosis and the first amplitude margin factor are obtained using the following formula: in, The first amplitude kurtosis, This is the first magnitude margin factor. The total number of sampling frequency points, The frequency point of the first amplitude-frequency response curve is at a frequency of i The amplitude corresponding to the time, The maximum amplitude value in the first amplitude-frequency response curve. The average amplitude of the first amplitude-frequency response curve.

8. A fault diagnosis system for axial displacement of transformer windings, characterized in that, The system includes: a response signal acquisition module, a first amplitude-frequency response curve acquisition module, a second amplitude-frequency response curve acquisition module, a first characteristic reference value acquisition module, a second characteristic reference value acquisition module, and a diagnostic module; The response signal acquisition module is used to inject first excitation signals of different frequencies into the first transformer and the second transformer to acquire the first response signal output by the first transformer and the second response signal output by the second transformer; the first transformer is a transformer without winding fault, and the second transformer is a transformer with winding fault; The first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module is used to obtain the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the first transformer based on the first excitation signal and the first response signal; The second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve acquisition module is used to obtain the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the second transformer based on the first excitation signal and the second response signal; The first feature reference value acquisition module is used to obtain the first waveform feature reference value of the first transformer based on the total number of the first sampling frequency points of the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the first amplitude of the frequency points in the first amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the first waveform feature reference value includes the first root mean square of the amplitude, the first absolute average of the amplitude, the first amplitude kurtosis, the first amplitude peak factor and the first amplitude margin factor; The second feature reference value acquisition module is used to obtain the second waveform feature reference value of the second transformer based on the total number of second sampling frequency points of the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve and the second amplitude of the frequency points in the second amplitude-frequency characteristic curve; the second waveform feature reference value includes the root mean square of the second amplitude, the absolute average of the second amplitude, the kurtosis of the second amplitude, the peak factor of the second amplitude, and the margin factor of the second amplitude; The diagnostic module is used to obtain the axial displacement fault diagnosis result of the second transformer winding based on the first waveform feature reference value and the second waveform feature reference value.

9. A transformer winding axial displacement fault diagnosis device, comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that, The memory stores a computer program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it causes the processor to perform the steps of the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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