Electric power system partial discharge ultra-wideband detection device based on MEMS atomic air chamber

Abstract

The invention discloses a power system partial discharge ultra-wideband detection device based on an MEMS atomic gas chamber, and the device comprises a detection laser used for emitting detection light, a coupling light laser used for emitting coupling light, and an MEMS atomic gas chamber used for transmitting the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber, the modulation transmission module is used for controlling the MEMS atomic gas chamber to move in discharge equipment by utilizing a four-axis transmission system, acquiring an electric signal acquired by a photoelectric detector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, converting the electric signal into a spectral signal, and transmitting the spectral signal to the MEMS atomic gas chamber. And the data processing module is used for receiving the spectrum signal, analyzing the spectrum signal and determining a discharge position according to an analysis result. According to the invention, the micro atomic gas chamber manufactured by using the MEMS technology is combined with the specific wavelength laser excitation and detection technology, so that the accurate detection and analysis of ultrahigh frequency and ultra wide band electromagnetic signals generated by partial discharge are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic sensors, and in particular to an ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge of an electric power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber. Background Art

[0002] In the field of power system maintenance and safety management, components such as cables, circuit breakers and GIS (gas insulated switchgear) play a pivotal role. However, once these electrical equipments discharge, it will significantly affect their operating efficiency and even threaten the stability of the entire system. Therefore, it is particularly important to use effective troubleshooting methods and equipment to monitor and deal with discharge problems.

[0003] During the partial discharge process, the generation of electromagnetic radiation provides important clues for its detection. As an advanced means, ultra-high frequency detection technology effectively reduces the impact of electromagnetic interference by capturing high-frequency electromagnetic wave signals, and demonstrates strong anti-interference ability and excellent sensitivity. It is particularly suitable for partial discharge detection inside power equipment. In this process, broadband detection technology has become the only choice for improving detection accuracy and efficiency because of its wide frequency range. Specifically, broadband testing can not only capture more types of partial discharge signals, thereby improving the accuracy of diagnosis, but also effectively reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the detection results, enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, and ensure the reliability of the data. At the same time, by monitoring the dynamic electric and magnetic field changes generated by the discharge, broadband testing can also provide strong support for the accurate judgment of the discharge location while reducing system costs.

[0004] However, when facing partial discharge detection, traditional electromagnetic detectors are often limited by narrow test bandwidth and electromagnetic interference caused by metal materials. Metal probes are easily interfered in complex electromagnetic environments, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. In addition, with the increasingly compact structure of power system equipment, the demand for miniaturized electromagnetic detectors is becoming more urgent. However, current discharge measurement devices with large bandwidth are often bulky when measuring low-frequency electromagnetic waves, making it difficult to meet the detection needs of small space discharge environments.

[0005] In this context, the rise of quantum precision measurement technology has brought new hope for partial discharge detection. In particular, Rydberg atomic electromagnetic wave detection technology, with its ultra-high precision and sensitivity, has shown significant advantages in spectrum detection, anti-interference and stability, integration and portability, and non-metallic materials. Its ultra-wide spectrum coverage capability, high-sensitivity measurement, and the characteristics of glass gas chamber to reduce interference ensure the accuracy and stability of the measurement. At the same time, the Rydberg atomic electromagnetic detection system is easy to integrate and design, easy to carry, and provides possibilities for non-metallic material detectors. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband detection method and device for partial discharge in an electric power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber. The micro-atomic gas chamber made by MEMS technology is combined with laser excitation and detection technology of a specific wavelength to realize accurate detection and analysis of ultra-high frequency and ultra-wideband electromagnetic signals generated by partial discharge.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in a power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber, the device comprising:

[0008] a detection laser, for emitting a detection light;

[0009] A coupling light laser, used for emitting coupling light;

[0010] A modulation transmission module, used for transmitting the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber, so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber;

[0011] The data processing module is used to control the movement of the MEMS atomic gas chamber in the discharge device by using the four-axis transmission system, obtain the electrical signal collected by the photoelectric detector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, convert the electrical signal into a spectral signal, and analyze the spectral signal, and determine the discharge position according to the analysis result and the position information of the four-axis transmission system.

[0012] Preferably, the modulation transmission module includes:

[0013] Modulation transmission module 1, used for dividing the detection light into two paths through a beam splitter 1, one path is subjected to frequency locking device 1, and the other path is coupled into optical fiber 1 through a spatial optical coupler 1, and enters the MEMS atomic gas chamber through a self-focusing collimating lens 1 arranged at the end of the optical fiber 1;

[0014] Modulation transmission module 2 is used to divide the coupled light into two paths through spectroscope 2, one path enters frequency locking device 2, and the other path is modulated in wavelength by an acousto-optic modulator, coupled into optical fiber 2 through spatial optical coupler 2, and enters the MEMS atomic gas chamber through self-focusing collimating lens 2 arranged at the end of optical fiber 2.

[0015] Preferably, the data processing module is further used to adjust the frequency of the coupling laser and the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator according to the frequency of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic signal to be detected.

[0016] Preferably, the analysis of the spectral signal includes one or more of frequency analysis, amplitude analysis and phase analysis.

[0017] Preferably, the MEMS atomic gas chamber is manufactured by MEMS technology, and its shape can be square or circular, and is filled with cesium atoms or rubidium atoms.

[0018] On the other hand, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband detection method for partial discharge in a power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber, the method comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1, enabling the detection laser to emit detection light, and enabling the coupling laser to emit coupling light; transmitting the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber, so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber;

[0020] Step 2, using a four-axis transmission system to control the movement of the MEMS atomic gas chamber in the discharge device, obtaining an electrical signal collected by a photodetector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, converting the electrical signal into a spectral signal, and analyzing the spectral signal, and determining the discharge position according to the analysis result and the position information of the four-axis transmission system.

[0021] Preferably, in step 1, the detection light and the coupling light are transmitted to the MEMS atomic gas chamber so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber, including:

[0022] Step 001, splitting the detection light into two paths through a beam splitter, one path is subjected to a frequency locking device, and the other path is coupled into an optical fiber through a spatial optical coupler, and enters a MEMS atomic gas chamber through a self-focusing collimating lens disposed at the end of the optical fiber;

[0023] Step 002, the coupled light is divided into two paths by a second beam splitter, one path enters a second frequency locking device, and the other path is modulated in wavelength by an acousto-optic modulator, coupled into a second optical fiber through a second spatial optical coupler, and enters a MEMS atomic gas chamber through a second self-focusing collimating lens arranged at the end of the second optical fiber.

[0024] Preferably, before step 1, the method further includes: adjusting the frequency of the coupling laser and the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator according to the frequency of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic signal to be detected.

[0025] Preferably, the analysis of the spectral signal includes one or more of frequency analysis, amplitude analysis and phase analysis.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] The present invention provides an ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge of an electric power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber, the device comprising: a detection laser for emitting detection light, a coupling light laser for emitting coupling light, a modulation transmission module for transmitting the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber, and a data processing module for controlling the movement of the MEMS atomic gas chamber in a discharge device by using a four-axis transmission system, acquiring an electrical signal collected by a photoelectric detector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, converting the electrical signal into a spectral signal, analyzing the spectral signal, and determining the discharge position according to the analysis result and the position information of the four-axis transmission system. The ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge of an electric power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber provided by the present invention has shown significant advantages in terms of accuracy, miniaturization, integration, anti-electromagnetic interference, spatial electric field imaging, conformal detection, and measurement efficiency, and provides strong technical support for the maintenance and safety management of the electric power system.

[0028] In addition, the present invention also provides an ultra-wideband detection method for partial discharge in an electric power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber, and its beneficial effects can be referred to in the specific implementation manner. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the specific embodiments or the description of the prior art. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn according to the actual scale.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in a power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber provided in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 A laser transmission path diagram provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a MEMS gas structure based on a MEMS process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 a) is the spectrum curve when there is no electromagnetic signal;

[0034] Figure 4 b) is the spectrum curve when electromagnetic signal is applied;

[0035] Figure 5 A flow chart of an ultra-wideband detection system for partial discharge in a power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber is provided as another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0038] The electromagnetically induced transparency of Rydberg atoms can convert the amplitude and phase information of electromagnetic waves into the spectral information of the detection light. The amplitude and polarization direction of the electromagnetic wave can be determined by observing the distance between the double peaks in the spectral signal and the absorption peak between the double peaks. By using the AC-stark effect of atoms, when the coupling light and the detection light are locked, the frequency of the amplitude change of the detection light transmission curve can be recorded to determine the period of the electromagnetic signal to be detected.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 Based on the above principle, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in a power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber, the device comprising:

[0040] A detection laser is used to emit detection light.

[0041] Specifically, the detection laser is a 852nm detection laser, and the wavelength of the detection light is 852nm.

[0042] A coupled light laser is used to emit coupled light.

[0043] Specifically, the coupling laser is a tunable coupling laser, and the default coupling light wavelength is 509 nm, which can be changed according to actual needs.

[0044] The modulation transmission module is used to transmit the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber, so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in the MEMS atomic gas chamber in opposite directions.

[0045] In an embodiment of the present invention, the modulation transmission module includes: a modulation transmission module 1, which is used to divide the detection light into two paths through a spectroscope 1, one path is subjected to a frequency locking device 1, and the other path is coupled into an optical fiber 1 through a spatial optical coupler 1, and enters the MEMS atomic gas chamber through a self-focusing collimating lens 1 arranged at the end of the optical fiber 1; a modulation transmission module 2, which is used to divide the coupled light into two paths through a spectroscope 2, one path enters a frequency locking device 2, and the other path is modulated in wavelength by an acousto-optic modulator, coupled into an optical fiber 2 through a spatial optical coupler 2, and enters the MEMS atomic gas chamber through a self-focusing collimating lens 2 arranged at the end of the optical fiber 2.

[0046] Specifically, the working process of the modulation transmission module 1 is as follows: the input detection light is first divided into two paths by a spectroscope 1. One path continues to enter the frequency locking device, and the other path is prepared for subsequent coupling and transmission. One path of the detection light separated by the spectroscope 1 enters the frequency locking device 1, which stabilizes the frequency of the light through a certain feedback mechanism to ensure that the frequency of the output light is accurate and stable. The other path of the detection light is efficiently coupled into the optical fiber 1 through the spatial optical coupler 1. This coupling process requires precise optical alignment to ensure that the optical signal can enter the optical fiber to the maximum extent. The optical signal is transmitted in the optical fiber 1 until it reaches the end of the optical fiber. Optical fiber has the characteristics of low loss and high bandwidth, and is suitable for optical signal transmission over long distances or in complex environments. The self-focusing collimating lens 1 connected to the end of the optical fiber 1 collimates and focuses the optical signal from the optical fiber, and then sends it into the MEMS atomic gas chamber.

[0047] Specifically, the working process of the modulation transmission module 2 is as follows: the input coupling light is divided into two paths by the second beam splitter. One path continues to enter the frequency locking device, and the other path is prepared for acousto-optic modulation and subsequent coupling. One coupling light path separated by the second beam splitter enters the second frequency locking device, and the frequency of the light is also stabilized by the feedback mechanism. The other coupling light is wavelength modulated by the acousto-optic modulator. The acousto-optic modulator uses the interaction between sound waves and light waves to change the wavelength of the light wave. The modulated coupling light is efficiently coupled into the optical fiber 2 through the spatial optical coupler 2. Precise optical alignment is also required to ensure that the optical signal can enter the optical fiber to the maximum extent. The optical signal is transmitted in the optical fiber 2 until it reaches the end of the optical fiber. The characteristics of the optical fiber 2 are the same as those of the optical fiber 1, and it is suitable for optical signal transmission over long distances or in complex environments. The self-focusing collimating lens 2 connected to the end of the optical fiber 2 collimates and focuses the optical signal from the optical fiber, and then sends it into the MEMS atomic gas chamber.

[0048] Through the working process of the above two modules, the detection light and the coupling light are precisely modulated and transmitted to the MEMS atomic gas chamber. In the MEMS atomic gas chamber, the detection light and the coupling light are transmitted in opposite directions, exciting the atoms in the atomic gas chamber to the Rydberg state, providing a reliable light source and modulation means for subsequent measurements.

[0049] More specifically, the MENS atomic gas chamber (which should be a MEMS atomic gas chamber, i.e. a micro-electromechanical system atomic gas chamber) used in the embodiment of the present invention is carefully made by MEMS technology, and its shape can be square or round, and is filled with cesium atoms or rubidium atoms. Its detailed structure is not described here. The significant feature of the atomic gas chamber made based on MEMS technology is its miniaturization, which enables it to be combined with advanced fiber optic coupling technology. The convenience of fiber optic technology further enhances the advantages of this combination, making the entire device more flexible and efficient in application.

[0050] The data processing module is used to control the movement of the MEMS atomic gas chamber in the discharge device by using the four-axis transmission system, obtain the electrical signal collected by the photoelectric detector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, convert the electrical signal into a spectral signal, and analyze the spectral signal, and determine the discharge position according to the analysis result and the position information of the four-axis transmission system.

[0051] Specifically, the four-axis transmission system is equipped with a positioning function, which can locate the detection position and provide a basis for the subsequent discharge position determination.

[0052] Specifically, the data processing module is further used to adjust the frequency of the coupling laser and the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator according to the frequency of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic signal to be detected.

[0053] Ultra-wideband electromagnetic signals usually have a wide frequency range, covering multiple frequency bands from low frequency to high frequency. In order to effectively detect these ultra-wideband electromagnetic signals, the frequency of the coupled laser and the acousto-optic modulator needs to match the frequency of the signal or be within an appropriate range. By adjusting the frequency of these devices, the data processing module can ensure that they can respond to and detect the signal frequency band of interest. Specifically, the laser generated by the coupled laser is usually used to excite atoms in the atomic gas chamber to produce a specific spectral response. By adjusting the frequency of the laser, the atomic excitation process can be optimized, thereby improving the intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of the spectral signal. The acousto-optic modulator is used to modulate the wavelength or frequency of the laser to produce specific spectral features. Adjusting its frequency can change the shape and position of the modulated spectrum, thereby optimizing the response to ultra-wideband electromagnetic signals.

[0054] Specifically, the analysis of the spectral signal includes one or more of frequency analysis, amplitude analysis and phase analysis. The spectral curve corresponding to the spectral signal is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 a) represents the spectrum curve when there is no electromagnetic signal. Figure 4 b) represents the spectral curve when electromagnetic signal is applied.

[0055] Through frequency analysis, the data processing module can determine whether there are specific frequency components in the discharge process, which may be associated with specific discharge mechanisms or physical processes. Through amplitude analysis, the data processing module can evaluate the intensity, duration, and possible stability issues of the discharge. This is crucial for optimizing discharge conditions and ensuring the accuracy of experimental results. Through phase analysis, the data processing module can reveal the interactions and dependencies between different frequency components in the discharge process. This is of great significance for understanding the physical mechanism of discharge and possible nonlinear effects. The data processing module can fully understand the characteristics of light in the discharge process by performing one or more of frequency analysis, amplitude analysis, and phase analysis on the spectral signal. These analysis results provide important clues and basis for determining the discharge location.

[0056] In order to better understand the working process of the present invention, a pulse signal is taken as an example for detailed explanation below.

[0057] First, the frequencies of the coupling light and the detection light are precisely locked. This is to ensure that the two maintain a stable frequency relationship during the spectral analysis process, so as to accurately reflect the spectral changes generated during the discharge process. Then, the spectral signal of the detection light is recorded using a data acquisition card. The data acquisition card has high sensitivity and high resolution, and can capture small changes in the spectral signal, including characteristics such as amplitude oscillation. Then, the recorded spectral signal is carefully analyzed, especially focusing on the frequency characteristics of the amplitude oscillation, so that the frequency of the pulse signal can be accurately determined. Then, by using the four-axis transmission system to move in the discharged electrical equipment, different tiny positions are scanned in detail. During the scanning process, combined with the coordinate information of the four-axis transmission system, an image of the spatial distribution of the electric field at the discharge position can be constructed. This image intuitively shows the distribution and change trend of the electric field during the discharge process, providing an important basis for determining the discharge position.

[0058] Through the above steps, the present invention realizes accurate measurement of the pulse signal frequency and acquisition of the electric field spatial distribution image at the discharge position.

[0059] The ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in power system based on MEMS atomic gas chamber provided by the present invention has shown significant beneficial effects compared with the prior art, which are specifically reflected in the following aspects:

[0060] 1) High-precision and ultra-wideband detection capabilities:

[0061] The micro atomic gas chamber made by MEMS technology, combined with laser excitation and detection technology of specific wavelength, realizes the accurate detection and analysis of ultra-high frequency and ultra-wideband electromagnetic signals generated by partial discharge. By adjusting the frequency of the coupled laser and the acousto-optic modulator, the device can match and respond to the frequency range of ultra-wideband electromagnetic signals, thereby improving the accuracy and breadth of detection.

[0062] 2) Miniaturization and integrated design:

[0063] The atomic gas chamber made based on MEMS technology has significant miniaturization characteristics, making the entire detection device more compact and portable. The use of fiber coupling technology further improves the integration and flexibility of the device, making it easier to deploy and operate in complex environments.

[0064] 3) Non-metallic materials reduce electromagnetic interference:

[0065] The detection device is made of non-metallic materials, which effectively reduces the electromagnetic interference problem of metal materials in discharge measurement. The atomic gas chamber is encapsulated in a glass gas chamber, which avoids the interference of humidity in traditional non-metallic materials on the performance of the detector and improves the stability and accuracy of the measurement.

[0066] 4) Spatial electric field imaging and position calibration:

[0067] The data processing module can extract the frequency, amplitude, phase and other information of the signal, and work in conjunction with the four-axis transmission device to achieve the position calibration of the amplitude strength of the spatial electromagnetic signal. Through refined scanning and the construction of electric field spatial distribution images, the device can intuitively display the distribution and change trend of the electric field during the discharge process, providing an important basis for determining the discharge position.

[0068] In summary, the ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in power systems based on MEMS atomic gas chambers provided by the present invention has shown significant advantages in accuracy, miniaturization, integration, anti-electromagnetic interference, spatial electric field imaging, conformal detection and measurement efficiency, and provides strong technical support for the maintenance and safety management of power systems.

[0069] like Figure 5 As shown, the present invention provides an ultra-wideband detection method for partial discharge in a power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber, the method comprising the following steps:

[0070] Step 1, enabling the detection laser to emit detection light, and enabling the coupling laser to emit coupling light; transmitting the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber, so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber;

[0071] Step 2, using a four-axis transmission system to control the movement of the MEMS atomic gas chamber in the discharge device, obtaining an electrical signal collected by a photodetector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, converting the electrical signal into a spectral signal, and analyzing the spectral signal, and determining the discharge position according to the analysis result and the position information of the four-axis transmission system.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention, in step 1, the detection light and the coupling light are transmitted to the MEMS atomic gas chamber so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber, including:

[0073] Step 001, splitting the detection light into two paths through a beam splitter, one path is subjected to a frequency locking device, and the other path is coupled into an optical fiber through a spatial optical coupler, and enters a MEMS atomic gas chamber through a self-focusing collimating lens disposed at the end of the optical fiber;

[0074] Step 002, the coupled light is divided into two paths by a second beam splitter, one path enters a second frequency locking device, and the other path is modulated in wavelength by an acousto-optic modulator, coupled into a second optical fiber through a second spatial optical coupler, and enters a MEMS atomic gas chamber through a second self-focusing collimating lens arranged at the end of the second optical fiber.

[0075] In the embodiment of the present invention, before step 1, the method further includes: adjusting the frequency of the coupling laser and the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator according to the frequency of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic signal to be detected.

[0076] In the embodiment of the present invention, analyzing the spectral signal includes one or more of frequency analysis, amplitude analysis and phase analysis.

[0077] It should be understood that the ultra-wideband detection method for partial discharge in an electric power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention and the ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in an electric power system based on a MEMS atomic gas chamber provided in the above embodiment are based on the same inventive concept. For more specific working principles of each module in the embodiment of the present invention, reference can be made to the above embodiment and will not be repeated in this embodiment.

[0078] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in power systems based on MEMS atomic gas chambers, characterized in that: include: a detection laser, for emitting a detection light; A coupling light laser, used for emitting coupling light; A modulation transmission module, used for transmitting the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber, so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber; The data processing module is used to control the movement of the MEMS atomic gas chamber in the discharge device by using the four-axis transmission system, obtain the electrical signal collected by the photoelectric detector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, convert the electrical signal into a spectral signal, and analyze the spectral signal, and determine the discharge position according to the analysis result and the position information of the four-axis transmission system.

2. The ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in power system based on MEMS atomic gas chamber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The modulation transmission module comprises: Modulation transmission module 1, used for dividing the detection light into two paths through a beam splitter 1, one path is subjected to frequency locking device 1, and the other path is coupled into optical fiber 1 through a spatial optical coupler 1, and enters the MEMS atomic gas chamber through a self-focusing collimating lens 1 arranged at the end of the optical fiber 1; Modulation transmission module 2 is used to divide the coupled light into two paths through spectroscope 2, one path enters frequency locking device 2, and the other path is modulated in wavelength by an acousto-optic modulator, coupled into optical fiber 2 through spatial optical coupler 2, and enters the MEMS atomic gas chamber through self-focusing collimating lens 2 arranged at the end of optical fiber 2.

3. The ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in power system based on MEMS atomic gas chamber according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The data processing module is also used to adjust the frequency of the coupling laser and the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator according to the frequency of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic signal to be detected.

4. The ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in power system based on MEMS atomic gas chamber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The analysis of the spectrum signal includes one or more of frequency analysis, amplitude analysis and phase analysis.

5. The ultra-wideband detection device for partial discharge in power system based on MEMS atomic gas chamber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The MEMS atomic gas chamber is manufactured by MEMS technology, and its shape can be square or circular, and is filled with cesium atoms or rubidium atoms.

6. An ultra-wideband detection method for partial discharge in power systems based on MEMS atomic gas chambers, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, enabling the detection laser to emit detection light, and enabling the coupling laser to emit coupling light; transmitting the detection light and the coupling light to the MEMS atomic gas chamber, so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber; Step 2, using a four-axis transmission system to control the movement of the MEMS atomic gas chamber in the discharge device, obtaining an electrical signal collected by a photodetector arranged at one end of the MEMS atomic gas chamber, converting the electrical signal into a spectral signal, and analyzing the spectral signal, and determining the discharge position according to the analysis result and the position information of the four-axis transmission system.

7. The method for detecting partial discharge in power system based on MEMS atomic gas chamber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step 1, the detection light and the coupling light are transmitted to the MEMS atomic gas chamber so that the detection light and the coupling light propagate in opposite directions in the MEMS atomic gas chamber, including: Step 001, splitting the detection light into two paths through a beam splitter, one path is subjected to a frequency locking device, and the other path is coupled into an optical fiber through a spatial optical coupler, and enters a MEMS atomic gas chamber through a self-focusing collimating lens disposed at the end of the optical fiber; Step 002, the coupled light is divided into two paths by a second beam splitter, one path enters a second frequency locking device, and the other path is modulated in wavelength by an acousto-optic modulator, coupled into a second optical fiber through a second spatial optical coupler, and enters a MEMS atomic gas chamber through a second self-focusing collimating lens arranged at the end of the second optical fiber.

8. The method for detecting partial discharge in power system using ultra-wideband based on MEMS atomic gas chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before step 1, the method further includes: adjusting the frequency of the coupling laser and the frequency of the acousto-optic modulator according to the frequency of the ultra-wideband electromagnetic signal to be detected.

9. The method for detecting partial discharge in power system using ultra-wideband based on MEMS atomic gas chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that: The analysis of the spectrum signal includes one or more of frequency analysis, amplitude analysis and phase analysis.

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