A bidirectional coupling analysis method of electromagnetic, thermal and stress in complex electromagnetic environment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a bidirectional coupled electromagnetic, thermal, and stress analysis method for complex electromagnetic environments. The method includes establishing a coupled model of a fusion reactor blanket based on three-dimensional modeling design software; establishing an electromagnetic field distribution analysis model to calculate the electromagnetic field, current distribution, Joule heat, and electromagnetic force; establishing a temperature field distribution analysis model to calculate the temperature field distribution within the blanket by solving the fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer equation; establishing a stress-strain analysis model to solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equation to obtain the stress and strain mechanical property distribution of the blanket, perform blanket performance analysis, and feed back the results to the electromagnetic field distribution analysis model and the temperature field distribution analysis model for iterative analysis and calculation to obtain the final analysis results. The present invention compensates for the fact that existing analysis methods ignore the mutual influence between the electromagnetic field, temperature field, and stress field, and accurately analyzes the electromagnetic performance, thermal-hydraulic performance, and mechanical performance of the blanket under complex electromagnetic environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of magnetic confinement fusion reactors, and in particular to a method for analyzing electromagnetic, thermal and stress bidirectional coupling in a complex electromagnetic environment. Background Art

[0002] Magnetic confinement fusion reactors are one of the main currently available methods for controlled confinement fusion, with the tokamak magnetic confinement device being a current research focus. The tokamak magnetic confinement fusion device primarily relies on confining and controlling plasma using strong magnetic fields. The entire device is a complex electromagnetic system. During operation, the vacuum chamber is constantly under the influence of strong magnetic fields. The blanket of a fusion reactor is a critical component of the vacuum chamber and crucial for the application of fusion energy. The blanket system primarily provides the following functions: breeding tritium, absorbing plasma radiation and particle heat flux, and providing shielding to reduce heat and neutron radiation from the vacuum vessel and its components.

[0003] In a magnetic confinement fusion reactor, the blanket, located within the vacuum chamber system, is exposed to a complex multi-physics environment involving interacting and deeply coupled physical, electromagnetic, temperature, flow, and stress fields. The blanket is subjected to surface heat flux from plasma radiation, as well as nuclear thermal power density generated by the 14MeV fast neutrons produced by the fusion reaction interacting with the structural materials within the blanket. This generates a temperature distribution within the blanket structure, and thermal stresses generated by temperature differences cause changes in the stress field. This, combined with mechanical loads such as internal coolant pressure and the material's own weight, generates thermomechanical stresses.

[0004] However, under strong magnetic field conditions, these thermal and mechanical performance parameters can exhibit significant deviations, compromising accurate assessment of structural safety. Candidate materials for the cladding are primarily low-activated ferrite / martensite (RAFM) steels. The electromagnetic interaction between the ferromagnetic structural material and the strong magnetic field results in significant electromagnetic loads, including static magnetization effects and transient electromagnetic induction effects. These effects impose additional electromagnetic forces and torques on the cladding structure, which persist throughout its operation. The electromagnetic field alters the cladding's properties, causing significant changes in the temperature and stress fields. The thermal-stress field, in turn, influences the electromagnetic field distribution, altering the magnitude and distribution of the electromagnetic loads. As the temperature field changes, the saturation magnetic induction intensity of the cladding structural material changes, in turn affecting the electromagnetic field distribution. Simultaneously, its electrical conductivity also varies with temperature, meaning that temperature influences the magnitude of the induced currents in the cladding modules, thereby affecting the magnitude and distribution of the electromagnetic field and the electromagnetic loads it experiences. The stress and strain field distributions alter the eddy current distribution within the structure, generating a feedback effect on the electromagnetic field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology. To achieve the above purpose, a two-way coupling analysis method of electromagnetic, thermal and stress in a complex electromagnetic environment is adopted to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] A method for bidirectional coupling analysis of electromagnetic, thermal and stress in a complex electromagnetic environment includes the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Based on the three-dimensional modeling design software and the design scheme of the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket, a fusion reactor blanket coupling model is established, wherein the model includes a magnet system, a plasma, a blanket system, and a vacuum chamber;

[0008] Step S2: establishing an electromagnetic field distribution analysis model to calculate the electromagnetic field, current distribution, Joule heat, and electromagnetic force;

[0009] Step S3: establishing a temperature field distribution analysis model and calculating the temperature field distribution in the cladding by solving the fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer equation;

[0010] Step S4: Establish a stress-strain analysis model, solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equation, obtain the stress and strain mechanical property distribution of the cladding, perform performance analysis of the cladding, and feed it back to the electromagnetic field distribution analysis model and the temperature field distribution analysis model for iterative analysis and calculation to obtain the final analysis results.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific steps in step S1 include:

[0012] The design scheme of the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket uses the 3D modeling design software CATIA to establish a fusion reactor blanket coupling model. The model includes the magnet system, plasma, blanket system, and vacuum chamber;

[0013] The cladding system includes a first wall, a protective layer, a reinforcement plate, a cover plate, a lithium silicate pebble bed, a beryllium pebble bed, a cooling plate, and a backing plate;

[0014] Three complete sectors containing seven inner and eight outer envelopes around a typical envelope are modeled to capture the effect of ferromagnetism on the envelope.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific steps in step S2 include:

[0016] Step 21: Establish an electromagnetic field distribution analysis model to obtain the physical properties of the saturation magnetization, relative permeability, and resistivity of the loaded ferromagnetic material, as well as the effect of temperature on the material properties;

[0017] Step 22: Use the Mesh function of Maxwell software to select an appropriate mesh size for division according to the spatial scale of each component;

[0018] Step 23: uniformly load the current density on the cross section of the magnet coil and the plasma according to the design parameters;

[0019] Step 24: Set the solver to magnetic transient and evaluate the influence of induced current on electromagnetic force based on eddy current effect.

[0020] Step 25: Set the calculation time according to the analysis conditions and adjust the time step to ensure the accuracy and convergence of the calculation results;

[0021] Step 26: Finally, the electromagnetic field and current distribution are calculated, and Joule heat and electromagnetic force are obtained.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific steps in step S3 include:

[0023] Step 31: Establish and simplify the temperature field distribution analysis model, load the physical parameters of the materials including the structure, coolant, and proliferation agent, and determine the density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity based on the temperature effect for research;

[0024] Step 32: Use the Fluid Line function of the simulation software to simulate the coolant fluid, and conduct heat exchange between the coolant and the structural material through the coupling between the fluid and the wall unit;

[0025] Step 33: Load the heat sources of neutron reaction nuclear heat deposition, plasma heat flux, and electromagnetic Joule heat as the body power density and heat flux boundary conditions;

[0026] Step 34: Set the contact thermal resistance between the ball bed and the structural material using the Yagi-Kunii model, and set the coolant inlet and outlet boundaries according to the design parameters;

[0027] Step 35: Use the Ansys Mesh module to create a thermal analysis mesh and perform encryption on the key areas of the flow channel;

[0028] Step 36: Calculate the temperature distribution and save the results.

[0029] As a further solution of the present invention: the specific steps in step S4 include:

[0030] Step 41: Establish a stress-strain analysis model and load material property parameters including thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio;

[0031] Step 42: Set constraints on the upper and lower surfaces of the analysis model, as well as behind the back plate, to prevent the model from unexpected displacement or rotation.

[0032] Step 43: The temperature field obtained from the thermal analysis, the electromagnetic force field obtained from the electromagnetic analysis, and the mechanical load caused by the high-pressure coolant helium and the purge gas are loaded as loads into the stress-strain analysis model;

[0033] Step 44: Solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equations, analyze the cladding performance, and feed the deformation back to the electromagnetic field distribution analysis model and the temperature field distribution analysis model to perform iterative analysis and calculation to obtain the final analysis results.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0035] Using the above technical solution, we propose a method for bidirectional coupling analysis of electromagnetic, temperature, and stress fields in the complex environment of the fusion reactor blanket, such as the strong magnetic field, high heat flux density, and internal coolant pressure. We formulate a basic coupling scheme and develop coupling interfaces for various physical field solvers. Based on a unified data mapping format and a unified ICoCo packaging concept, we study process control between programs, data interaction and mapping, and coupling iterative algorithms.

[0036] Based on the coupling and intersection of multiple physical fields, the electromagnetic field, temperature field and stress field are coupled, and the degree of mutual influence between the electromagnetic field, temperature field and stress field is quantified to obtain more accurate numerical simulation results;

[0037] The mutual influences among electromagnetic, thermal and stress were taken into consideration at the same time, and the results obtained are more consistent with the operating status of the blanket in the actual environment, providing a reference for the design and manufacture of future fusion reactor blankets. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the steps of the bidirectional coupling analysis method according to the embodiment disclosed in this application;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the bidirectional coupling analysis method according to the embodiment disclosed in this application;

[0041] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the fusion reactor modeling and blanket model of the embodiment disclosed in this application;

[0042] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an electromagnetic analysis grid according to an embodiment disclosed in this application;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a temperature field distribution analysis model according to an embodiment disclosed in this application;

[0044] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a stress analysis model of an embodiment disclosed in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for analyzing electromagnetic, thermal, and stress bidirectional coupling in a complex electromagnetic environment includes the following steps:

[0047] Step S1: Based on the three-dimensional modeling design software and according to the design scheme of the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket, a fusion reactor blanket coupling model is established, wherein the model includes a magnet system, plasma, blanket system, and vacuum chamber.

[0048] According to the above steps, one specific implementation involves using a unified Supervisor platform based on the Salome platform for the electromagnetic-thermal-mechanical bidirectional coupling solution. Each physics program must develop a corresponding coupling interface based on the ICoCo (Interface for Code Coupling) concept. The MED (Model Exchange Data) library allows programs to store mesh / field data in memory or files. The Salome platform serves as the Supervisor main program, controlling the execution of each physics program and transferring data between programs. The ICoCo interface concept requires each program to implement a series of predefined interface functions to perform its respective functions. These functions include program initialization, time step calculation, initializing the calculation with the time step, solving / iterative solution time steps, extracting output fields, setting input fields, and terminating the program. Data exchange between programs is a crucial aspect of program coupling. Input and output data can be large, complex, and have diverse data structures. The MED library solution is used for data transfer; this solution allows programs to store mesh / field data in memory or files and supports field data mapping on non-matching meshes.

[0049] Step S1 specifically includes:

[0050] The design scheme of the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket uses the 3D modeling design software CATIA to establish a fusion reactor blanket coupling model. The model includes the magnet system, plasma, blanket system, and vacuum chamber;

[0051] The cladding system includes a first wall, a protective layer, a reinforcement plate, a cover plate, a lithium silicate pebble bed, a beryllium pebble bed, a cooling plate, and a backing plate;

[0052] Three complete sectors containing seven inner and eight outer envelopes around a typical envelope are modeled to capture the effect of ferromagnetism on the envelope.

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, the figure is a schematic diagram of fusion reactor modeling and blanket model;

[0054] One specific implementation method is to use the three-dimensional modeling design software CATIA to establish a fusion reactor blanket coupling model based on the design plan of the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket of the fusion engineering test reactor. The model includes a magnet system (including a longitudinal field magnet system, a poloidal field magnet system, and a correction field magnet system), plasma, a blanket system, and a vacuum chamber.

[0055] The cladding system includes a first wall, a protective layer, a reinforcement plate, a cover plate, a lithium silicate pebble bed, a beryllium pebble bed, a cooling plate, and a backing plate.

[0056] The finely modeled equatorial envelope is taken as a typical object for analysis. In order to consider the influence of ferromagnetism on the envelope, three complete sectors containing seven inner envelopes and eight outer envelopes are modeled around the typical envelope.

[0057] In order to simplify the calculation, the cladding except the typical cladding on the equatorial plane adopts a simplified structure, that is, no structural division is made within the cladding, and the material properties are loaded as the properties of the cladding components converted in proportion.

[0058] Step S2: Establish an electromagnetic field distribution analysis model to calculate the electromagnetic field, current distribution, Joule heat, and electromagnetic force. The specific steps include:

[0059] Calculate the distribution of electromagnetic fields, induced currents, and electromagnetic forces in the cladding using the interactive interface of Maxwell software.

[0060] Step 21: Establish an electromagnetic field distribution analysis model to obtain the physical properties of the saturation magnetization, relative permeability, and resistivity of the loaded ferromagnetic material, as well as the effect of temperature on the material properties;

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, the figure is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic analysis grid;

[0062] The specific implementation method is to load the material physical property parameters. If the structural material is a ferromagnetic material, the saturation magnetization, relative magnetic permeability and resistivity need to be given. The influence of temperature is considered in the material physical properties.

[0063] Step 22: Use the Mesh function of Maxwell software to select an appropriate mesh size for division according to the spatial scale of each component. Specifically:

[0064] Use Maxwell's Mesh function to perform meshing and select the appropriate mesh size based on the spatial scale of different components;

[0065] Step 23: According to the design parameters, the current density on the cross section of the magnet coil and the plasma is uniformly loaded. Specifically,

[0066] According to the design parameters, the magnet coil and plasma are loaded with current. The current density is evenly distributed on the cross section. The coil current parameters under typical plasma configurations are shown in the following table:

[0067] Coil Number of turns Single-turn current (kA) Total current (kA) CS1U 374 -56 -20944 CS2U 374 -13 -4862 CS3U 374 13 4862 CS1L 374 -56 -20944 CS2L 374 4 1496 CS3L 374 13 4862 PF1U 616 15 9240 PF2U 324 -6 -1944 PF3U 324 -14 -4536 PF1L 616 20 12320 D1 324 0 0 D2 324 0 0 PF2L 324 -1 -324 PF3L 324 -20 -6480 TF 132 67.5 8910

[0068] Step 24: Set the solver to magnetic transient and evaluate the effect of induced current on electromagnetic force based on eddy current effect. Specifically:

[0069] The force and torque parameters of the cladding are set as eddy current effector to consider the influence of induced current on electromagnetic force;

[0070] Step 25: Set the calculation time according to the analysis conditions and adjust the time step to ensure the accuracy and convergence of the calculation results. Specifically:

[0071] Set the calculation time and time step. The transient time should refer to the working condition to be analyzed, and the time step should be adjusted until it does not affect the calculation results and convergence.

[0072] Step 26: Finally, the electromagnetic field and current distribution are calculated, and Joule heat and electromagnetic force are obtained, specifically:

[0073] The electromagnetic field and current distribution are calculated, and the Joule heat and electromagnetic force are calculated, extracted and saved to provide data for subsequent temperature field and stress field calculations.

[0074] Step S3: Establish a temperature field distribution analysis model and calculate the temperature field distribution in the cladding by solving the fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer equation. The specific steps include:

[0075] like Figure 5 As shown, the figure is a schematic diagram of the thermal analysis model;

[0076] Step 31: Establish and simplify the temperature field distribution analysis model, load the physical properties of the structure, coolant, and proliferation agent materials, and determine the density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity based on the temperature effect for research. Specifically:

[0077] Load material physical parameters, including structural materials, coolant materials, proliferation materials, etc. Given material physical parameters such as density, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, etc., consider the influence of temperature;

[0078] Step 32: Use the Fluid Line function of the simulation software to simulate the coolant fluid. Through the coupling between the fluid and the wall unit, heat exchange between the coolant and the structural material is carried out. Specifically:

[0079] Use the Fluid Line function to simulate the coolant fluid. By coupling the fluid unit with the surface unit, the convection heat transfer between the fluid and the wall is simulated, thereby realizing the heat exchange between the coolant fluid and the structural material.

[0080] Step 33: Load the heat sources of neutron reaction nuclear heat deposition, plasma heat flux, and electromagnetic Joule heat as the body power density and heat flux boundary conditions, specifically:

[0081] Loading heat sources, including nuclear heat deposition from neutron-material reactions, loaded into the structure as volume power density based on neutron calculation results, and heat flux from the plasma loaded on the first wall facing the plasma as a heat flux boundary, and Joule heat obtained from electromagnetic calculations as volume power density;

[0082] Step 34: Set the contact thermal resistance between the ball bed and the structural material using the Yagi-Kunii model and set the coolant inlet and outlet boundaries based on the design parameters. Specifically:

[0083] Set the contact thermal resistance between the pebble bed and the structural material. The internationally commonly used Yagi-Kunii model is used as the relationship. Set the coolant inlet and outlet boundaries. The inlet flow rate and temperature are based on the design parameters.

[0084] Step 35: Use the Ansys Mesh module to create a thermal analysis mesh and encrypt the key areas of the flow channel. Specifically:

[0085] Use the Ansys Mesh module to create a thermal analysis mesh, set the body size, and refine areas such as flow channels;

[0086] Step 36: Calculate the temperature distribution and save the results, specifically:

[0087] The temperature distribution is calculated, extracted and saved to provide material property calculation input for electromagnetic and stress calculations, and to provide input for stress analysis to calculate thermal stress.

[0088] Step S4: Establish a stress-strain analysis model, solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equation, obtain the stress and strain mechanical property distribution of the cladding, perform cladding performance analysis, and feed back to the electromagnetic field distribution analysis model and the temperature field distribution analysis model for iterative analysis and calculation to obtain the final analysis results. The specific steps include:

[0089] like Figure 6 As shown, the figure is a schematic diagram of the stress analysis model;

[0090] In this embodiment, since the mechanical interaction between the ball bed and the wall is minimal and the protective layer does not bear any mechanical function, the ball bed and the protective layer do not need to be considered in the stress analysis model, and the rest is consistent with the thermal analysis model. The specific stress analysis steps are:

[0091] Step 41: Establish a stress-strain analysis model and load material property parameters including thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio;

[0092] Step 42: Set constraints on the upper and lower surfaces of the analysis model, as well as behind the backplate, to prevent the model from unexpected displacement or rotation. Specifically:

[0093] Load constraints. Apply coupling constraint boundary conditions to the upper surface of the computational model, causing all nodes on the upper surface to move simultaneously in the polar direction. Use symmetric constraint boundary conditions on the lower surface. Constraints are applied to the four surfaces behind the backplate, ensuring that the radial displacement is zero (i.e., the backplate cannot move radially). Select two nodes on the first wall and set their circumferential displacement to zero to prevent the computational model from rotating.

[0094] Step 43: The temperature field obtained from the thermal analysis, the electromagnetic force field obtained from the electromagnetic analysis, and the mechanical load caused by the high-pressure coolant helium and the purge gas are applied as loads to the stress-strain analysis model. Specifically:

[0095] Loading, including thermal load, mechanical load and electromagnetic load, imports the temperature field obtained from thermal analysis to load thermal load, imports the electromagnetic force field obtained from electromagnetic analysis to load electromagnetic load; mechanical load is mainly caused by the high-pressure coolant helium in the flow channels of each cooling component of the blanket and the purge gas in the pebble bed, and is distributed on the inner wall of the flow channel and the wall surface of the component in contact with the purge gas;

[0096] Step 44: Solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equations, analyze the cladding performance, and feed the deformation back to the electromagnetic field distribution analysis model and the temperature field distribution analysis model, perform iterative analysis and calculation, and obtain the final analysis results. One of the specific implementation steps is:

[0097] Solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equations to obtain the stress and strain mechanical property distribution of the cladding, perform cladding performance analysis, and feed the deformation back to the electromagnetic analysis and thermal analysis models for iterative calculations.

[0098] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents, and all should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for bidirectional coupling analysis of electromagnetic, thermal and stress in a complex electromagnetic environment, characterized by: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Based on the three-dimensional modeling design software and the design scheme of the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket, a fusion reactor blanket coupling model is established. The specific steps include: The design scheme of the helium-cooled solid breeder blanket uses the 3D modeling design software CATIA to establish a fusion reactor blanket coupling model. The model includes the magnet system, plasma, blanket system, and vacuum chamber; The cladding system includes a first wall, a protective layer, a reinforcement plate, a cover plate, a lithium silicate pebble bed, a beryllium pebble bed, a cooling plate, and a backing plate; Three complete sectors containing seven inner and eight outer envelopes around a typical envelope were modeled to capture the effects of ferromagnetism on the envelope. Step S2: establishing an electromagnetic field distribution analysis model to calculate the electromagnetic field, current distribution, Joule heat, and electromagnetic force; Step S3: establishing a temperature field distribution analysis model and calculating the temperature field distribution in the cladding by solving the fluid-solid conjugate heat transfer equation; Step S4: Establish a stress-strain analysis model, solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equation, obtain the stress and strain mechanical property distribution of the cladding, perform cladding performance analysis, and feed back to the electromagnetic field distribution analysis model and the temperature field distribution analysis model for iterative analysis and calculation to obtain the final analysis results. The specific steps include: Step 41: Establish a stress-strain analysis model and load material property parameters including thermal expansion coefficient, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio; Step 42: Set constraints on the upper and lower surfaces of the analysis model, as well as behind the back plate, to prevent the model from unexpected displacement or rotation. Step 43: The temperature field obtained from the thermal analysis, the electromagnetic force field obtained from the electromagnetic analysis, and the mechanical load caused by the high-pressure coolant helium and the purge gas are loaded as loads into the stress-strain analysis model; Step 44: Solve the solid mechanics stress-strain equations, analyze the cladding performance, and feed the deformation back to the electromagnetic field distribution analysis model and the temperature field distribution analysis model to perform iterative analysis and calculation to obtain the final analysis results.

2. The electromagnetic, thermal and stress bidirectional coupling analysis method under complex electromagnetic environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps in step S2 include: Step 21: Establish an electromagnetic field distribution analysis model to obtain the physical properties of the saturation magnetization, relative permeability, and resistivity of the loaded ferromagnetic material, as well as the effect of temperature on the material properties; Step 22: Use the Mesh function of Maxwell software to select an appropriate mesh size for division according to the spatial scale of each component; Step 23: uniformly load the current density on the cross section of the magnet coil and the plasma according to the design parameters; Step 24: Set the solver to magnetic transient and evaluate the influence of induced current on electromagnetic force based on eddy current effect. Step 25: Set the calculation time according to the analysis conditions and adjust the time step to ensure the accuracy and convergence of the calculation results; Step 26: Finally, the electromagnetic field and current distribution are calculated, and Joule heat and electromagnetic force are obtained.

3. The electromagnetic, thermal and stress bidirectional coupling analysis method under complex electromagnetic environment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps in step S3 include: Step 31: Establish and simplify the temperature field distribution analysis model, load the physical parameters of the materials including the structure, coolant, and proliferation agent, and determine the density, thermal conductivity, and specific heat capacity based on the temperature effect for research; Step 32: Use the Fluid Line function of the simulation software to simulate the coolant fluid, and conduct heat exchange between the coolant and the structural material through the coupling between the fluid and the wall unit; Step 33: Load the heat sources of neutron reaction nuclear heat deposition, plasma heat flux, and electromagnetic Joule heat as the body power density and heat flux boundary conditions; Step 34: Set the contact thermal resistance between the ball bed and the structural material using the Yagi-Kunii model, and set the coolant inlet and outlet boundaries according to the design parameters; Step 35: Use the Ansys Mesh module to create a thermal analysis mesh and perform encryption on the key areas of the flow channel; Step 36: Calculate the temperature distribution and save the results.

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