High load fusion reactor blanket remote maintenance target plate structure

Abstract

The application provides a high-load fusion reactor filter remote maintenance target plate structure convenient to install and adjust, and belongs to the field of nuclear fusion. The structure comprises a target plate assembly, a connecting assembly, a bearing assembly, a base plate and a connecting pipeline, wherein the target plate assembly, the connecting assembly, the bearing assembly and the connecting pipeline are collectively referred to as a target plate component; the target plate assembly and the bearing assembly are connected through the connecting assembly; the connecting pipeline is connected with the internal flow channels of the target plate assembly and the bearing assembly, and forms a cooling system, and is connected with an upper-stage cooling system through a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline welded on the bearing assembly and the base plate; the bearing assembly is fixed on the base plate through bolts; and the base plate is fixed on a support component through bolts. A support seat, in which the target plate and the back plate are connected, penetrates the back plate in a radial direction and is fixed to the rear part of the back plate; the combined target plate is in an L shape; the integral bearing assembly is matched with a boss at the bottom of the base plate; the bearing assembly is internally provided with the boss, an adjusting block assembly and a guide groove for fixing and limiting, and the bolts are used as auxiliary fixing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion, specifically to a target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor that is easy to install and adjust. Background Technology

[0002] Fusion energy, as an ideal form of energy, has become an important research direction in the field of future new energy. To achieve the effective utilization of nuclear fusion energy, the nuclear fusion process must be controllable. Currently, magnetic confinement is the mainstream technical approach to achieve controlled nuclear fusion. The divertor, as a key component for the steady-state operation of the magnetic confinement fusion reactor core, undertakes important functions such as removing fusion products and heat, and controlling impurities, operating in an extremely complex and harsh environment. This component directly faces bombardment from high-energy particle streams and operates under multiple extreme conditions, including strong neutron irradiation, ultra-high heat load, and complex electromagnetic environments, posing severe challenges to its structural load-bearing capacity. Due to the activation effect of high-energy neutrons produced by deuterium-tritium fusion on materials, strong radiation far exceeding human safety limits will continuously exist in the vacuum chamber after the fusion reaction begins. Therefore, the fusion reactor divertor must be maintained remotely.

[0003] Currently, most fusion reactor divertor designs, both domestically and internationally, adopt a modular design. A single module mainly consists of an inner target plate, a dome target plate, an outer target plate, and a support housing or cladding. Remote operation and maintenance schemes for divertors are divided into overall module maintenance and individual target plate maintenance.

[0004] Inventions CN112420221B and CN111724915B respectively disclose a fusion reactor divertor structure that is easy to operate and maintain remotely from the front and a tokamak divertor target plate component that can be operated and maintained remotely. Both adopt a separate target plate maintenance scheme. However, the target plate is mainly supported by bolts during the fusion reaction, which has limited radial load-bearing capacity and poor circumferential constraint capacity.

[0005] The ultra-high heat load requires the target plate to have a sufficiently small surface profile error facing the plasma. However, controlling the error to within less than 1 mm is extremely difficult during the development and assembly of large-size target plates. In the past, the connection between the target plate and the back plate used a pin method with a fixed seat and a support seat. The circumferential pin installation space is located between the two. On the one hand, the installation space is limited, which makes the target plate unit assembly process complicated. On the other hand, when the fixed seat or mounting seat is fully welded at the end, welding deformation can easily cause the profile to exceed the tolerance. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor that is easy to install and adjust. This structure facilitates the assembly and adjustment of the target plate and the back plate, enhances the lateral and radial load-bearing capacity of the target plate components, and improves the reliability of remote operation and maintenance of the target plate components.

[0007] The specific technical solution is as follows: a target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor that is easy to install and adjust, characterized in that it includes: a target plate assembly, a connecting assembly, a supporting assembly, a base plate, and connecting pipes; the target plate assembly and the supporting assembly are connected by the connecting assembly; the base plate is fixed to the supporting component by bolts; the supporting assembly is fixed to the base plate by bolts; the connecting pipes are connected to the internal flow channels of the target plate assembly, the supporting assembly, and the base plate to form a cooling system.

[0008] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0009] This invention avoids or reduces surface contour deformation facing the plasma caused by welding the target plate assembly support base through a radial through-plate design. By combining the target plate into an L-shape and incorporating bosses, adjustment block assemblies, and guide blocks, the lateral and radial load-bearing capacity of the target plate is enhanced. This facilitates the assembly and adjustment of the target plate and backplate, reducing assembly difficulty and minimizing surface contour errors facing the plasma. Furthermore, it enhances the lateral and radial load-bearing capacity of the target plate components, strengthens their deformation resistance, and reduces the load on fastener bolts. It also reduces the number of target plate component modules required for maintenance, lowers the difficulty of remote operation and maintenance, and improves maintenance reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a target plate for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor that is easy to install and adjust;

[0011] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a single connecting component; where a is a front view of the connecting component; and b is a cross-sectional view of the connecting component.

[0012] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the supporting component; where a, b, c, and d are views from different directions.

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a single adjustment block structure; where a is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the adjustment block; and b is a cross-sectional view of the adjustment block.

[0014] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the substrate;

[0015] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the top boss of the substrate; where a is a top view of the top boss of the substrate; and b is a cross-sectional view of the top boss of the substrate.

[0016] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom boss structure of the substrate; where a is a schematic diagram of the bottom boss structure of the substrate; b is a top view of the bottom boss of the substrate; and c is a cross-sectional view of the bottom boss of the substrate.

[0017] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of another single connecting component; where a is a front view of the connecting component; and b is a cross-sectional view of the connecting component.

[0018] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the target plate assembly mounted on the cladding layer in three dimensions;

[0019] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the target plate assembly structure; where a is a schematic diagram of the target plate assembly and b is a schematic diagram of the flat plate unit.

[0020] Figure 11 The diagram shows the connection of water pipes; where a is a schematic diagram of the water pipe structure; b is a cross-sectional view of the fluid inlet or outlet pipe; and c is a schematic diagram of the pipe welding connection between the target plate assembly and the load-bearing assembly.

[0021] In the diagram: Target plate assembly 1, Connecting assembly 2, Bearing assembly 3, Substrate 4, Connecting pipe 5, Mounting base 6, Pin 7, Support base 8, Gasket 9, Double nut 10, Back plate 11, Back plate body 11.1, Top boss of back plate 11.2, Middle boss of back plate 11.3, Guide groove 11.4, Rectangular exhaust window 11.5, Bottom boss of back plate 11.6, Side positioning groove 11.7, Bottom positioning groove 11.8, Adjusting block assembly 12, Sleeve 13, Flexible positioning block 14, Substrate body 15, Top boss of substrate 16, Middle boss of substrate 17, Guide block 18, Rectangular exhaust window of substrate 19, Bottom boss of substrate 20, Supporting component 21, Tungsten alloy plate 22, Oxygen-free copper transition layer 23, ODS copper plate 24, Low-activation steel plate 25, Inlet and outlet water pipes 26, Water pipe cap 27, Pipe 28. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the examples and accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention discloses a target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load fusion reactor divertor, which is easy to install and adjust. The structure includes a target plate assembly 1, a connecting assembly 2, a supporting assembly 3, a base plate 4, and a connecting pipe 5. The target plate assembly 1, connecting assembly 2, supporting assembly 3, and connecting pipe 5 are collectively referred to as the target plate component. The target plate assembly 1 and the supporting assembly 3 are connected via the connecting assembly 2. The connecting pipe 5 is connected to the internal flow channels of the target plate assembly 1, the supporting assembly 3, and the base plate 4, forming a cooling system. It is also connected to the previous cooling system via inlet and outlet water pipes welded to the supporting assembly 3 and the base plate 4. The supporting assembly 3 is fixed to the base plate 4 with bolts.

[0024] like Figure 2As shown in a and b, the connecting assembly 2 includes a mounting base 6, a pin 7, a support base 8, a washer 9, and a double nut 10. The connecting assembly 2 connects the target plate assembly 1 and the load-bearing assembly 3. The mounting base 6 is welded to the target plate assembly 1. The support base 8 passes radially through the back plate 11. The relative positions of the mounting base 6 and the back plate 11 are adjusted and fitted. The pin 7 passes through the mounting base 6 and the support base 8 and is threaded or welded to both. The support base 8 is fixed to the rear of the back plate 11 by the washer 9 and the double nut 10. The heat load of the dome target plate is relatively low, so the connecting assembly 2 is not changed.

[0025] like Figure 3 As shown in a, b, c, and d, the support assembly 3 includes a back plate 11 and an adjustment block assembly 12. The support assembly 3 is mainly composed of the back plate body 11.1. The bottom surface of the back plate body 11.1 has different feature bosses, including a top boss 11.2, a middle boss 11.3, and a bottom boss 11.6, which are connected by bolts, machined, or welded for fixing and limiting. The back plate 11 has a guide groove 11.4 machined on its bottom surface for fixing and limiting. The back plate 11 has a through rectangular exhaust window 11.5 in the low heat load area for exhausting the divertor. The sides and bottom surfaces of the back plate body 11.1 are machined with side positioning grooves 11.7 and bottom positioning grooves 11.8 for installing the adjustment block assembly 12. The walls of the side positioning grooves 11.7 of the top boss 11.2 and the bottom boss 11.6 are inclined to improve positioning accuracy. The back plate 11 is connected to the substrate 4 below by bolts.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown in a and b, the adjustment block assembly 12 includes multiple horizontal adjustment blocks and side adjustment blocks. Each adjustment block includes a sleeve 13 and a flexible positioning block 14; the sleeve 13 and the flexible positioning block 14 are threadedly connected; when the adjustment block assembly 12 is attached to the substrate 4, it is pressed by the positioning surface of the substrate, thereby achieving auxiliary positioning; the working surface and overall shape of the flexible positioning block 14 are not limited, and the working surface can be spherical or planar.

[0027] like Figure 5As shown, the substrate 4 has multiple feature bosses and a substrate body 15. The feature bosses include a top boss 16, a middle boss 17, and a bottom boss 20, formed by machining or welding, and are used for fixing and limiting the back plate 11. The top boss 16 is trapezoidal, with two bolt holes machined inside, for connecting the support assembly 3 and the substrate 4. The top boss 16 mates with the top boss 11.2 of the back plate of the support assembly 3 for fixing and limiting. The middle boss 17 mates with the middle boss 11.3 of the back plate of the support assembly 3 during radial assembly of the target plate for fixing and limiting. The block 18 is formed by machining or welding and slides in the guide groove 11.4 on the back plate 11 during assembly; a rectangular extraction window 19 is machined on the substrate 4 for divertor extraction; a main bolt hole is machined inside the bottom boss 20 of the substrate for connecting the load-bearing assembly 3 and the substrate 4; the bottom boss 20 of the substrate and the bottom boss 11.6 of the back plate cooperate for fixing and limiting; the sides of the top boss 16 of the substrate and the bottom boss 20 of the substrate are inclined to serve as the positioning surface of the adjustment block assembly 12, and cooperate with the inclined surfaces of the top boss 11.2 and the bottom boss 11.6 of the back plate for auxiliary fixing and limiting.

[0028] like Figure 6 As shown in a and b, the top boss 16 of the substrate can be fixed to the substrate 4 by four bolts, except that it can be directly soldered or machined on the substrate 4.

[0029] like Figure 7 As shown in a, b, and c, the bottom boss 20 of the substrate can be fixed to the substrate 4 by four bolts, except that it can be directly welded or machined on the substrate 4.

[0030] like Figure 8 As shown in a and b, in the connecting component 2, the connecting part can be a single support seat 8, that is, the original mounting seat 6, the support seat 8 and the pin 7 are combined into a support seat 8. The top of the support seat 8 is welded to the target plate assembly 1. Then, when installing the target plate assembly 1 and the bearing assembly 3, the relative position of the support seat 8 and the back plate 11 is adjusted first. After adjustment, the support seat 8 passes radially through the back plate 11 and is fixed to the rear of the back plate 11 by the washer 9 and the double nut 10.

[0031] like Figure 9 The diagram shown is a schematic of the overall structure. The supporting component 21 can be a cladding, a supporting box, or a vacuum chamber.

[0032] like Figure 10As shown in a and b, the target plate assembly 1 is composed of multiple target plates, with an overall L-shaped layout. Each target plate contains multiple flat plate units. Each unit includes a tungsten alloy plate 22 (2-8 mm thick) facing the plasma, an oxygen-free copper transition layer 23 (1-1.5 mm thick) serving as a thermal stress buffer, an ODS copper plate 24 serving as a heat sink structure, and a low-activation steel plate 25. The tungsten alloy plate 22 and the oxygen-free copper transition layer 23 are connected by processes such as casting, hot isostatic pressing, thermal diffusion welding, chemical vapor deposition, and explosive welding. The oxygen-free copper transition layer 23 and the ODS copper plate 24 are connected by processes such as brazing, hot isostatic pressing, and thermal diffusion welding. The ODS copper plate 24 and the low-activation steel plate 25 are connected by processes such as hot isostatic pressing, thermal diffusion welding, and explosive welding. Cooling channels are machined within the unit. The ODS copper plate 24 and the low-activation steel plate 25 have prefabricated channels and are then connected by welding.

[0033] like Figure 11 As shown in a, b, and c, the connecting pipe 5 is connected to the internal flow channels of the target plate assembly 1 and the support assembly 3 to form a cooling system. The coolant enters and exits through the inlet and outlet water pipes 26. The back plate 11 is machined with flow channels and has reserved fluid inlet and outlet channels. The inlet and outlet water pipes 26 are welded into the fluid inlet and outlet channels and connected to the water supply pipe. The water pipe cap 27 is welded into the inlet and outlet water pipes 26 and is provided with a remote operation interface. The internal flow channel between the target plate assembly 1 and the support assembly 3 is connected to the target plate assembly 1 and the support assembly 3 through the pipe 28 welded to it.

[0034] Remote operation installation steps for target plate components (disassembly and installation are the reverse process, and are therefore similar):

[0035] (1) Vertical lifting. The assembled target plate component enters the vacuum chamber through the window, adjusts its initial posture in the vacuum chamber to ensure that it does not interfere with the cladding during installation, and then transports it to the vicinity of the substrate 4.

[0036] (2) Radial movement. Adjustment blocks assist in positioning, and the target plate is finely adjusted so that the twelve positioning adjustment blocks mate with the positioning surface, and the position of the target plate in the vacuum chamber is finally determined. The guide block 18 moves radially along the guide groove 11.4. The top boss 16 of the substrate mates with the top boss 11.2 of the back plate, the middle boss 17 of the substrate mates with the middle boss 11.3 of the back plate, and the bottom boss 20 of the substrate mates with the bottom boss 11.6 of the back plate.

[0037] (3) Welding of fluid inlet and outlet pipes. The welding tool is remotely operated to the water pipe welding point to weld, leak check and flaw detection of the main inlet and outlet water pipes, and then the water pipe cap 27 is welded to complete the connection of the cooling circuit.

[0038] (4) Bolt fixing. The remote operation tool tightens the main bolt through the bolt remote operation channel to fix the target plate on the base plate 4.

[0039] Those skilled in the art will readily understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. The present invention is not limited to the connection form of the components or the shape of the positioning blocks. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor, characterized in that, It includes: a target plate assembly (1), a connecting assembly (2), a supporting assembly (3), a substrate (4), and a connecting pipe (5); the target plate assembly (1) and the supporting assembly (3) are connected by the connecting assembly (2); the substrate (4) is fixed to the supporting component (21) by bolts; the supporting assembly (3) is fixed to the substrate (4) by bolts; the connecting pipe (5) is connected to the internal flow channels of the target plate assembly (1), the supporting assembly (3), and the substrate (4) to form a cooling system; The supporting component (3) includes: a back plate (11) and an adjustment block assembly (12); the adjustment block assembly (12) is embedded in the back plate (11); the back plate (11) is connected to the substrate (4) below by bolts, and the support seat (8) passes radially through the back plate (11) and is fastened to the rear of the back plate (11) with double nuts (10); The back plate (11) includes: a back plate body (11.1), a top boss (11.2), a middle boss (11.3), a guide groove (11.4), a rectangular air extraction window (11.5), a bottom boss (11.6), a side positioning groove (11.7), and a bottom positioning groove (11.8); the top boss (11.2), the middle boss (11.3), the guide groove (11.4), the rectangular air extraction window (11.5), the bottom boss (11.6), the side positioning groove (11.7), and the bottom positioning groove (11.8) are formed on the back plate body (11.1) by welding or machining; Two side positioning grooves (11.7) are machined on the top boss (11.2), middle boss (11.3), and bottom boss (11.6) of the back plate for installing the adjustment block assembly (12); two bottom positioning grooves (11.8) are machined on the top, middle, and bottom of the back plate body (11.1) for installing the adjustment block assembly (12); the positioning surfaces of the top boss (11.2) and bottom boss (11.6) of the back plate are inclined when machining the side positioning grooves (11.7).

2. The target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor, which is easy to install and adjust, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The connecting assembly (2) includes multiple single connectors, each of which includes a mounting base (6), a pin (7), a support base (8), a gasket (9), and a double nut (10); the mounting base (6) is welded to the target plate assembly (1).

3. The target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor, which is easy to install and adjust, as described in claim 2, is characterized in that... The mounting base (6) and the support base (8) are connected by a pin (7), which is locked by welding or thread.

4. The target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor, which is easy to install and adjust, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The adjustment block assembly (12) includes a sleeve (13) and a flexible positioning block (14); the flexible positioning block (14) is threadedly connected to the sleeve (13) and installed in the side positioning groove (11.7) and the bottom positioning groove (11.8).

5. The target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor, which is easy to install and adjust, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The substrate (4) includes: a substrate body (15), a top boss (16), a middle boss (17), a guide block (18), a rectangular air extraction window (19), and a bottom boss (20); the substrate body (15) is fixed to the support member 21 by bolts; the top boss (16), the middle boss (17), and the bottom boss (20) are fixed to the substrate body (15) by bolts, welding, or machining; the guide block (18) is installed on the substrate body (15) by welding or machining; the rectangular air extraction window (19) is formed by machining.

6. The target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor, which is easy to install and adjust, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The support component (21) is a cladding, a support box, or a vacuum chamber.

7. The target plate structure for remote operation and maintenance of a high-load-bearing fusion reactor divertor, which is easy to install and adjust, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The target plate assembly (1) is composed of multiple target plates, and the overall layout is L-shaped. The target plate assembly (1) is composed of multiple flat plate units, each unit including a tungsten alloy plate (22), an oxygen-free copper transition layer (23), an ODS copper plate (24), and a low-activation steel plate (25).

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