A method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of catalysts. In the present invention, a carrier is mixed with a metal salt and then subjected to a hydrogen reduction process to obtain a ternary alloy catalyst that can be used as a fuel cell catalyst. In the present invention, the catalyst is mainly platinum, supplemented by cobalt and palladium, which can ensure that both the performance and stability of the catalyst are taken into account. Among them, Co can modify the crystal structure of Pt, improve the active sites of Pt and the activity of the catalyst, and the catalytic activity is higher. By optimizing the elemental composition and microstructure, the catalyst can resist chemical corrosion and physical wear during the reaction process, maintain long-term catalytic activity, and improve the reliability and stability of the system. In addition, since the prices of Co and Pd are lower than Pt, the cost of the present invention is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts and relates to a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells convert the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidant into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. When the fuel is hydrogen and the oxidant is oxygen, the reaction produces only water, with some heat dissipation. Compared to thermal generators, fuel cells offer advantages such as high efficiency, no environmental pollution, and an unlimited source of reactants.

[0003] The development of electrode catalysts is an indispensable part of the research and development of fuel cell systems. Together with ion electrolyte membranes and bipolar plates, they constitute the three key materials of the fuel cell system. The most common ones are Pt-based catalysts. Pt nanocrystalline catalysts are the most effective catalysts for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the catalytic activity of Pt nanocrystals is poor, which limits their widespread use. It is also worth noting that the synthesis conditions of catalysts with special alloy nanostructures with high activity are generally more complicated. At the same time, the utilization rate of catalyst metal particles in the existing technology is low, and the catalytic activity is poor.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new alloy catalyst with high catalytic activity that can be used in fuel cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the present invention has excellent catalytic activity.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1. Mesoporous carbon pretreatment:

[0009] The mesoporous carbon was dispersed in a nitric acid solution and stirred at 80-95°C for 6-12 hours. After the stirring, the solid was filtered to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with deionized water three times and then washed until neutral to obtain the pretreated mesoporous carbon. The amount ratio of the mesoporous carbon to the nitric acid solution was 10 mg: 1 mL.

[0010] S2. Vector preparation:

[0011] S2.1. NaH2PO2·H2O and titanium dioxide were mixed in a mass ratio of 20:3, and ground at a speed of 400 r / min for 3 h to obtain a solid powder. The solid powder was then placed in a tube furnace and calcined at 450-550°C for 1-2 h under an argon atmosphere. The temperature was further increased to 700°C for heat treatment for 2-3 h. After calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 12-16 h to obtain pretreated titanium dioxide.

[0012] S2.2. Pretreated titanium dioxide and pretreated mesoporous carbon in a mass ratio of 1:2 are mixed by ball milling to obtain solid A;

[0013] S2.3. Disperse solid A in HCl solution and ultrasonically treat for 30-60 min. Then, add pyrrole in an ice bath and continue ultrasonicating for 20-35 min to obtain solution A, wherein the ratio of pretreated mesoporous carbon, HCl solution, and pyrrole in solution A is 2 g:800 mL:1 mL;

[0014] S2.4. Ammonium persulfate was added to an HCl solution, and the mixture was ultrasonically treated at room temperature for 20 to 30 minutes to obtain a solution B. Solutions A and B were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1, and the mixture was stirred at 400 r / min for 3 to 6 hours. After the stirring, the mixture was filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water, and freeze-dried to obtain a solid B. The solid B was heated to 650 to 800° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere, calcined for 2 to 3 hours, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the carrier.

[0015] S3. Preparation of fuel cell catalysts:

[0016] S3.1. Add the carrier to ethylene glycol and stir to obtain dispersion 1;

[0017] S3.2. Then, cobalt nitrate, palladium chloride and platinum nitrate are dissolved in deionized water to obtain a salt solution, wherein the concentration of cobalt nitrate in the salt solution is 10 mmol / L, the concentration of palladium chloride is 10 mmol / L, and the concentration of platinum nitrate is 20 mmol / L, and the salt solution is mixed with dispersion 1 in a volume of 2:1, and the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 7-8 with ammonia water. After heating until the water is completely evaporated, it is first heated at 150°C under vacuum conditions for 1 hour, and then heat-treated at 300-500°C in a hydrogen atmosphere for 4-6 hours, and then calcined at 700-750°C under argon protection for 1-2 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.

[0018] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the concentration of nitric acid is 5 mol / L.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2.2, the ball milling condition is grinding at a rotation speed of 400 r / min for 3 to 5 hours.

[0020] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2.3, the concentration of the HCl solution is 1 mol / L.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2.4, the usage ratio of ammonium persulfate to HCl solution in solution B is 1 g:1 L.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2.4, the heating rate during heating under nitrogen atmosphere is 8°C / min.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2.4, the concentration of the HCl solution is 1 mol / L.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S2.4, the freeze-drying condition is freeze-drying at -60°C for 12 hours.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3.1, the ratio of the carrier to ethylene glycol in the dispersion 1 is 4 mg:5 mL.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S3.2, the heating temperature is 90°C.

[0027] The present invention prepares a ternary alloy catalyst for fuel cells, comprising a support and an active metal. The support is mesoporous carbon and titanium dioxide. The titanium dioxide is treated and calcined with sodium hypophosphite in an Ar atmosphere to produce phosphorus-doped titanium dioxide. Doping modifies the electronic structure and energy band structure of the titanium dioxide, thereby enhancing its catalytic activity. The doping element may provide additional electrons or holes, promoting charge transfer in the catalytic reaction. When titanium dioxide is used as a support for a platinum-based catalyst, doping further enhances the interaction between the platinum and the titanium dioxide, thereby improving the overall performance of the catalyst.

[0028] Mixing pretreated titanium dioxide with oxidized mesoporous carbon and doping the mesoporous carbon support with titanium dioxide can improve the electron transport properties of the mesoporous carbon and reduce electron-hole recombination, thereby enhancing the conductivity and electrochemical properties of the overall material. Titanium dioxide also has high chemical and thermal stability. Doping can enhance the stability of the mesoporous carbon support, allowing it to maintain good performance in various environments. This mixed support tightly bonds with the catalyst particles through physical or chemical reactions, forming a strong catalyst-support interface and enhancing the catalyst's adhesion and stability.

[0029] The resulting solid A is polymerized and carbonized with pyrrole, and then carbonized with polypyrrole, which is then doped onto the surface of solid A. The polypyrrole coating on the outside of solid A not only enhances the support's dispersibility but also helps increase the interaction between the support and the active metal, effectively improving the activity and inhibiting oxidative corrosion of the carbon support. Polypyrrole transfers electrons to the support surface through conjugation, adjusting the electronic structure of the carbon support's outer layer.

[0030] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0031] In the present invention, a ternary alloy catalyst that can be used as a fuel cell catalyst is obtained by mixing the carrier with a metal salt and then performing a hydrogen reduction process. The catalyst in the present invention is mainly platinum, supplemented by cobalt and palladium, which can ensure that both the performance and stability of the catalyst are taken into account. Among them, Co can modify the crystal structure of Pt, enhance the active sites of Pt and the activity of the catalyst, and thus achieve higher catalytic activity. By optimizing the elemental composition and microstructure, the catalyst can resist chemical corrosion and physical wear during the reaction process, maintain long-term catalytic activity, and improve the reliability and stability of the system. In addition, since Co and Pd are cheaper than Pt, the cost of the present invention is lower. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined purpose of the invention, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0033] The mesoporous carbon of the present invention is CMK-3; NaH2PO2·H2O: purchased from Tianjin Xiens Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., product number: S-36670; titanium dioxide: purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., product number: T832270; pyrrole: purchased from Shanghai Bangcheng Chemical Co., Ltd.; ammonium persulfate: purchased from Shanghai Yien Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., product number: R052157; cobalt nitrate: purchased from Shanghai Yien Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; palladium chloride: purchased from Tianjin Xiens Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., product number: P-59032; platinum nitrate: purchased from Shanghai MacLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., product number: P799309.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] S1. Mesoporous carbon pretreatment:

[0036] The mesoporous carbon was dispersed in a 5 mol / L nitric acid solution and stirred at 80°C for 6 h. After stirring, the solid was filtered to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with deionized water three times and then washed until neutral to obtain the pretreated mesoporous carbon. The ratio of the mesoporous carbon to the nitric acid solution was 10 mg:1 mL.

[0037] S2. Vector preparation:

[0038] S2.1. NaH2PO2·H2O and titanium dioxide were mixed in a mass ratio of 20:3 and ground at 400 r / min for 3 h to obtain a solid powder. The solid powder was then placed in a tube furnace and calcined at 450°C for 1 h under an argon atmosphere. The temperature was further increased to 700°C for heat treatment for 2 h. After calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 12 h to obtain pretreated titanium dioxide.

[0039] S2.2. Grind the pretreated titanium dioxide and pretreated mesoporous carbon in a mass ratio of 1:2 by ball milling at 400 r / min for 3 h to obtain solid A;

[0040] S2.3. Disperse solid A in 1 mol / L HCl solution and sonicate for 30 min. Then, add pyrrole in an ice bath and continue sonicating for 20 min to obtain solution A, wherein the ratio of pretreated mesoporous carbon, HCl solution, and pyrrole in solution A is 2 g:800 mL:1 mL;

[0041] S2.4. Ammonium persulfate was added to a 1 mol / L HCl solution, and the mixture was ultrasonically treated at room temperature for 20 min to obtain a solution B, wherein the ratio of ammonium persulfate to HCl solution in the solution B was 1 g:1 L; solutions A and B were mixed at a volume ratio of 2:1, and the mixture was stirred at 400 r / min for 3 h. After stirring, the mixture was filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water, and freeze-dried at -60°C for 12 h to obtain a solid B. The solid B was heated to 650°C at a heating rate of 8°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, calcined for 2 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the carrier;

[0042] S3. Preparation of fuel cell catalysts:

[0043] S3.1. Add the carrier to ethylene glycol and stir to obtain dispersion 1. The ratio of carrier to ethylene glycol is 4 mg:5 mL.

[0044] S3.2. Then, cobalt nitrate, palladium chloride and platinum nitrate are dissolved in deionized water to obtain a salt solution, wherein the concentration of cobalt nitrate in the salt solution is 10 mmol / L, the concentration of palladium chloride is 10 mmol / L, and the concentration of platinum nitrate is 20 mmol / L, and the salt solution is mixed with dispersion 1 in a volume of 2:1, and the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 7-8 with ammonia water. After heating to 90°C to completely evaporate the water, it is first heated at 150°C under vacuum conditions for 1 hour, and then heat-treated at 300°C in a hydrogen atmosphere for 6 hours, and then calcined at 700°C under argon protection for 1 hour, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] S1. Mesoporous carbon pretreatment:

[0047] The mesoporous carbon was dispersed in a 5 mol / L nitric acid solution and stirred at 90°C for 9 hours. After stirring, the solid was filtered to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with deionized water three times and then washed until neutral to obtain the pretreated mesoporous carbon. The ratio of the mesoporous carbon to the nitric acid solution was 10 mg:1 mL.

[0048] S2. Vector preparation:

[0049] S2.1. NaH2PO2·H2O and titanium dioxide were mixed in a mass ratio of 20:3 and ground at 400 r / min for 3 h to obtain a solid powder. The solid powder was then placed in a tube furnace and calcined at 500°C for 1.5 h under an argon atmosphere. The temperature was then raised to 700°C for heat treatment for 2.5 h. After calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 14 h to obtain pretreated titanium dioxide.

[0050] S2.2. Grind the pretreated titanium dioxide and pretreated mesoporous carbon in a mass ratio of 1:2 by ball milling at 400 r / min for 4 h to obtain solid A;

[0051] S2.3. Disperse solid A in 1 mol / L HCl solution and sonicate for 40 min. Then, add pyrrole in an ice bath and continue sonicating for 30 min to obtain solution A, wherein the ratio of pretreated mesoporous carbon, HCl solution, and pyrrole in solution A is 2 g:800 mL:1 mL;

[0052] S2.4. Ammonium persulfate was added to a 1 mol / L HCl solution, and the mixture was ultrasonically treated at room temperature for 25 min to obtain a solution B, wherein the ratio of ammonium persulfate to HCl solution in the solution B was 1 g:1 L; solutions A and B were mixed at a volume ratio of 2:1, and the mixture was stirred at 400 r / min for 5 h. After the stirring, the mixture was filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water, and freeze-dried at -60°C for 12 h to obtain a solid B. The solid B was heated to 700°C at a heating rate of 8°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, calcined for 2.5 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the carrier;

[0053] S3. Preparation of fuel cell catalysts:

[0054] S3.1. Add the carrier to ethylene glycol and stir to obtain dispersion 1. The ratio of carrier to ethylene glycol is 4 mg:5 mL.

[0055] S3.2. Then, cobalt nitrate, palladium chloride and platinum nitrate are dissolved in deionized water to obtain a salt solution, wherein the concentration of cobalt nitrate in the salt solution is 10 mmol / L, the concentration of palladium chloride is 10 mmol / L, and the concentration of platinum nitrate is 20 mmol / L, and the salt solution is mixed with dispersion 1 in a volume of 2:1, and the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 7-8 with ammonia water. After heating to 90°C to completely evaporate the water, it is first heated at 150°C under vacuum conditions for 1 hour, and then heat-treated at 400°C in a hydrogen atmosphere for 5 hours, and then calcined at 730°C under argon protection for 1.5 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] S1. Mesoporous carbon pretreatment:

[0058] The mesoporous carbon was dispersed in a 5 mol / L nitric acid solution and stirred at 95°C for 12 h. After stirring, the solid was filtered to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with deionized water three times and then washed until neutral to obtain the pretreated mesoporous carbon. The ratio of the mesoporous carbon to the nitric acid solution was 10 mg:1 mL.

[0059] S2. Vector preparation:

[0060] S2.1. NaH2PO2·H2O and titanium dioxide were mixed in a mass ratio of 20:3 and ground at 400 r / min for 3 h to obtain a solid powder. The solid powder was then placed in a tube furnace and calcined at 550°C for 2 h under an argon atmosphere. The temperature was further increased to 700°C for heat treatment for 3 h. After calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 16 h to obtain pretreated titanium dioxide.

[0061] S2.2. Grind the pretreated titanium dioxide and pretreated mesoporous carbon in a mass ratio of 1:2 by ball milling at 400 r / min for 5 h to obtain solid A;

[0062] S2.3. Disperse solid A in 1 mol / L HCl solution and ultrasonically treat for 60 min. Then, add pyrrole in an ice bath and continue ultrasonicating for 35 min to obtain solution A, wherein the ratio of pretreated mesoporous carbon, HCl solution, and pyrrole in solution A is 2 g:800 mL:1 mL;

[0063] S2.4. Ammonium persulfate was added to a 1 mol / L HCl solution, and the mixture was ultrasonically treated at room temperature for 30 min to obtain a solution B, wherein the ratio of ammonium persulfate to HCl solution in the solution B was 1 g:1 L; solutions A and B were mixed at a volume ratio of 2:1, and the mixture was stirred at 400 r / min for 6 h. After stirring, the mixture was filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water, and freeze-dried at -60°C for 12 h to obtain a solid B. The solid B was heated to 800°C at a heating rate of 8°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, calcined for 3 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the carrier;

[0064] S3. Preparation of fuel cell catalysts:

[0065] S3.1. Add the carrier to ethylene glycol and stir to obtain dispersion 1. The ratio of carrier to ethylene glycol is 4 mg:5 mL.

[0066] S3.2. Then, cobalt nitrate, palladium chloride and platinum nitrate are dissolved in deionized water to obtain a salt solution, wherein the concentration of cobalt nitrate in the salt solution is 10 mmol / L, the concentration of palladium chloride is 10 mmol / L, and the concentration of platinum nitrate is 20 mmol / L, and the salt solution is mixed with dispersion 1 in a volume of 2:1, and the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 7-8 with ammonia water. After heating to 90°C to completely evaporate the water, the mixture is first heated at 150°C under vacuum conditions for 1 hour, and then heat-treated at 500°C in a hydrogen atmosphere for 4 hours, and then calcined at 750°C under argon protection for 1 hour, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that no pretreated silica was added during the carrier preparation process in Comparative Example 1, and the other operations were the same.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that steps S2.3 and S2.4 are not performed in Comparative Example 2, and the remaining operations are the same.

[0071] Comparative Example 3

[0072] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that in Comparative Example 3, the carrier is only mesoporous carbon without any treatment, and the other operations are the same.

[0073] Performance testing:

[0074] The catalysts, proton conductor polymers, and solvents prepared in the examples and comparative examples were mixed and dispersed to form a catalyst layer ink. The catalyst layer ink was directly sprayed onto the surface of the proton membrane using a direct spraying method to form thin cathode and anode catalyst layers covering the membrane. Diffusion layers were then covered on the outsides of the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer by hot pressing to obtain a fuel cell membrane electrode. The fuel cell membrane electrode was assembled into a single cell, and a cyclic voltammetry curve test was performed to obtain the electrochemical active area of ​​the catalyst. The experimental conditions were: a scan range of 0.01 to 1.15 V, a scan rate of 20 mV / s; the linear sweep voltammetry curve test experimental conditions were: a scan range of 0.2 to 1.0 V, a scan rate of 5 mV / s, and an RDE rotation speed of 1600 rpm. The obtained data are shown in Table 1 below:

[0075] Table 1

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] According to the above data, it can be seen that the catalyst prepared by the present invention has high catalytic activity.

[0079] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above in terms of a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments using the technical contents disclosed above. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst, characterized in that: The method comprises the following preparation steps: S1. Mesoporous carbon pretreatment: The mesoporous carbon was dispersed in a nitric acid solution and stirred at 80-95°C for 6-12 hours. After the stirring, the solid was filtered to obtain a solid. The solid was washed with deionized water three times and then washed until neutral to obtain the pretreated mesoporous carbon. The amount ratio of the mesoporous carbon to the nitric acid solution was 10 mg: 1 mL. S2. Vector preparation: S2.

1. NaH2PO2·H2O and titanium dioxide were mixed in a mass ratio of 20:3, and ground at a speed of 400 r / min for 3 h to obtain a solid powder. The solid powder was then placed in a tube furnace and calcined at 450-550°C for 1-2 h under an argon atmosphere. The temperature was further increased to 700°C for heat treatment for 2-3 h. After calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature, washed with deionized water and ethanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C for 12-16 h to obtain pretreated titanium dioxide. S2.

2. Pretreated titanium dioxide and pretreated mesoporous carbon in a mass ratio of 1:2 are mixed by ball milling to obtain solid A; S2.

3. Disperse solid A in HCl solution and ultrasonically treat for 30-60 min. Then, add pyrrole in an ice bath and continue ultrasonicating for 20-35 min to obtain solution A, wherein the ratio of pretreated mesoporous carbon, HCl solution, and pyrrole in solution A is 2 g:800 mL:1 mL; S2.

4. Ammonium persulfate was added to the HCl solution and ultrasonically treated at room temperature for 20-30 min to obtain solution B. Solutions A and B were mixed in a volume ratio of 2:1 and stirred at 400 r / min for 3-6 h. After stirring, the resulting product was filtered, washed with ethanol and deionized water, and freeze-dried to obtain solid B. Solid B was heated to 650-800°C under a nitrogen atmosphere and calcined for 2-3 h. After calcination, the mixture was naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain solid C. S3. Preparation of fuel cell catalysts: S3.

1. Add the carrier to ethylene glycol and stir to obtain dispersion 1; S3.

2. Then, cobalt nitrate, palladium chloride and platinum nitrate are dissolved in deionized water to obtain a salt solution, wherein the concentration of cobalt nitrate in the salt solution is 10 mmol / L, the concentration of palladium chloride is 10 mmol / L, and the concentration of platinum nitrate is 20 mmol / L, and the salt solution is mixed with dispersion 1 in a volume of 2:1, and the pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 7-8 with ammonia water. After heating until the water is completely evaporated, it is first heated at 150°C under vacuum conditions for 1 hour, and then heat-treated at 300-500°C in a hydrogen atmosphere for 4-6 hours, and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain the fuel cell catalyst.

2. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S1, the concentration of nitric acid is 5 mol / L.

3. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2.2, the ball milling is performed at a rotation speed of 400 r / min for 3 to 5 hours.

4. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2.3, the concentration of the HCl solution is 1 mol / L.

5. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2.4, the ratio of ammonium persulfate to HCl solution in solution B is 1 g:1 L.

6. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2.4, the heating rate during heating under nitrogen atmosphere is 8°C / min.

7. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2.4, the concentration of the HCl solution is 1 mol / L.

8. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2.4, the freeze-drying condition is freeze-drying at -60°C for 12 hours.

9. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3.1, the ratio of the carrier to ethylene glycol in the dispersion 1 is 4 mg:5 mL.

10. The method for preparing a fuel cell catalyst according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3.2, the heating temperature is 90°C.

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