A hydrogen charging and discharging system and method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells

Abstract

The present invention provides a hydrogen charging and discharging system and method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, belonging to the field of hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells. In the system, the solid-state hydrogen storage group is connected with a heat dissipation circulation pipeline and a waste heat utilization circulation pipeline; the hydrogen fuel cell group is connected with a waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline; wherein, the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline form a first waste heat utilization loop, and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline cross at a first heat exchanger; the hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline starts from a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle and supplies hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell group through a second heat exchanger; an air compressor supplies air to the hydrogen fuel cell group through a third heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger and the hydrogen fuel cell group form a second waste heat utilization loop, and the third heat exchanger and the hydrogen fuel cell form a third waste heat utilization loop; a control module is used to control pipeline fittings. The present invention improves the energy utilization efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, and particularly relates to a hydrogen charging and discharging system and method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells. Background Art

[0002] As an energy storage and conversion method with great potential, hydrogen energy storage technology has received wide attention. In a hydrogen energy storage system, solid-state hydrogen storage technology has unique advantages such as high volumetric hydrogen storage density, good safety, and high hydrogen purity; at the same time, as an efficient device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy, hydrogen fuel cells have broad application prospects in fields such as distributed energy systems and electric vehicles. Hydrogen energy storage technology provides a new source of hydrogen for the development of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0003] In the prior art, the hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline system in hydrogen energy storage technology is not precise enough in controlling the hydrogen flow rate and pressure. For example, some traditional solenoid valves and pressure regulating devices have a large error range when adjusting the hydrogen flow rate and pressure, and cannot meet the high-precision hydrogen charging and discharging requirements. In some scenarios with strict requirements for hydrogen supply, such as the hydrogen refueling process of fuel cell vehicles and the hydrogen supply of fuel cell power generation systems, inaccurate flow rate and pressure control may lead to a decline in fuel cell performance, shortened lifespan, and even affect the safe operation of the system. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention aim to provide a hydrogen charging and discharging system and method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, which are used to achieve efficient hydrogen storage and release, and effectively recycle and utilize the waste heat generated by hydrogen fuel cells during this process, improve energy utilization efficiency, provide a stable hydrogen supply for hydrogen fuel cells, and are applicable to scenarios such as distributed energy systems, mobile power sources, and standby power sources that require efficient, stable, and safe hydrogen energy storage and supply.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention propose a hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, the system comprising: a solid-state hydrogen storage group 1, a hydrogen fuel cell group 2, a first waste heat utilization loop, a second waste heat utilization loop, a third waste heat utilization loop, an air compressor 21, a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder 6, a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline, a control module 39, and pipeline fittings; wherein,

[0007] The solid-state hydrogen storage unit 1 is connected with a heat dissipation circulation pipeline and a waste heat utilization circulation pipeline; the hydrogen fuel cell unit 2 is connected with a waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline; wherein, the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline form a first waste heat utilization loop, and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline cross at the first heat exchanger 3;

[0008] The hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline successively includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle 6, a first valve 7, a pressure reducing valve 8, a first mass flow sensor 9, a first pressure sensor 10, a vacuum pump 11, and a first two-way three-way solenoid valve 12. The first two-way three-way solenoid valve 12 is simultaneously connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 1 and the second heat exchanger 5; the second heat exchanger 5 is then successively connected to a third temperature sensor 32, a second pressure sensor 31, a second mass flow sensor 30, a sixth solenoid valve 29, and the hydrogen fuel cell unit 2; the air compressor 21 is successively connected to a fourth solenoid valve 22, an air filter 23, a third heat exchanger 38, and a second temperature sensor 24, and then connected to the hydrogen fuel cell unit 2;

[0009] The second heat exchanger 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell unit 2 further form a second waste heat utilization loop, and the third heat exchanger 38 and the hydrogen fuel cell unit 2 form a third waste heat utilization loop;

[0010] The control module 39 is used to control the pipeline fittings.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat dissipation circulation pipeline connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 1, starting from the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, successively includes a first temperature sensor 15, a first circulation pump 16, a second two-way three-way solenoid valve 17, a second solenoid valve 18, a radiator 4, and a three-way reversing valve 19.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second two-way three-way solenoid valve 17 is simultaneously successively connected to a third solenoid valve 20, the first heat exchanger 3, and the three-way reversing valve 19; the three-way reversing valve 19 is provided with two inlets and one outlet, wherein the two inlets are respectively connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 1 and the first heat exchanger 3, and the outlet is connected to the radiator 4; the first temperature sensor 15, the first circulation pump 16, the second two-way three-way solenoid valve 17, the third solenoid valve 20, the first heat exchanger 3, and the three-way reversing valve 19 form the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline of the first waste heat utilization loop.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline of the first waste heat utilization loop starts from the hydrogen fuel cell unit 2 and is successively connected to a second four-way reversing valve 36, the first heat exchanger 3, a second temperature sensor 24, an expansion tank 25, a first four-way reversing valve 26, a second circulation pump 27, and a fifth solenoid valve 28. The fifth solenoid valve 28 is then connected to the hydrogen fuel cell unit 2.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second four-way reversing valve 36 includes an inlet from the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 and three outlets; wherein the first outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger 3, the second outlet is sequentially connected to the seventh solenoid valve 35, the fourth temperature sensor 34, the third circulation pump 33 and the second heat exchanger 5, and the third outlet is connected to the third heat exchanger 38; the first four-way reversing valve 26 includes an outlet flowing to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 and three inlets; wherein the first inlet is sequentially connected to the expansion tank 25, the second temperature sensor 24 and the first heat exchanger 3; the second inlet is connected to the second heat exchanger 5, and the third inlet is connected to the third heat exchanger 38.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid-state hydrogen storage group 1 is composed of a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage cylinders to form a hydrogen storage array. The hydrogen storage cylinders are made of a metal material with high strength, high pressure resistance and good thermal conductivity; the inside of the cylinder body is filled with a high-performance solid-state hydrogen storage material.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas guide pipe is provided inside the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder. The gas guide pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder body, and its pipe wall is evenly distributed with tiny ventilation holes to ensure that hydrogen can uniformly contact the hydrogen storage material; the outer end of the gas guide pipe is connected to the hydrogen pipeline through a sealing connector, and the inner end is closed; a fine filter screen is covered outside the ventilation holes to prevent the hydrogen storage material from leaking; the gas guide pipe ensures that hydrogen is evenly dispersed in the hydrogen storage material, improving the reaction efficiency;

[0017] The side wall of the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder is closely attached to the temperature control water jacket. The water jacket is made of a metal with excellent heat conduction, and a flow channel is provided inside, which is connected to the waste heat utilization circuit for the circulation of the heat exchange medium; the temperature control water jacket is connected to the waste heat utilization circuit through a pipeline to form a heat exchange channel; the temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder is controlled by the circulation of the heat exchange medium to meet the heat management requirements during the hydrogen charging and discharging process.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 selects a proton exchange membrane fuel cell; the fuel cell is composed of an electric stack, a hydrogen supply structure, an air supply structure and a water and heat management structure; wherein,

[0019] The electric stack is the core component, which is composed of a plurality of single cells connected in series. The single cell includes an anode, a cathode and a proton exchange membrane; the hydrogen inlet is connected to the hydrogen discharge pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage group through a high-pressure resistant pipeline, and the connection uses a joint with excellent sealing performance to ensure the safety of hydrogen transmission; the air inlet and outlet are respectively connected to an air filter and a fan to ensure the supply of clean air required for the normal operation of the fuel cell;

[0020] The electric stack respectively forms a heat exchange interface with the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger in the waste heat utilization circuit, so that the heat exchange medium fully absorbs the waste heat of the fuel cell reaction, and at the same time accurately controls the temperature of the electric stack to maintain its stable performance.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature change of the heat exchange medium in real time;

[0022] The pressure sensor is a piezoresistive or capacitive pressure sensor, and its measurement range is determined according to the working pressure of the system, with a measurement accuracy between ±0.1% and ±1%;

[0023] The mass flow sensor is selected from an electromagnetic flowmeter, a turbine flowmeter or an ultrasonic flowmeter, which generates corresponding signals according to the flow rate and is used to monitor the flow rate change of the heat exchange medium in real time;

[0024] And all sensors transmit signals to the control module 39 through shielded cables.

[0025] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a hydrogen charging and discharging method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, and the method includes a hydrogen charging link and a hydrogen discharging link; wherein,

[0026] During the hydrogen charging process, the controller first starts the vacuum pump according to the preset hydrogen charging program to evacuate the hydrogen charging pipeline. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the pipeline reaches the set vacuum degree, the vacuum pumping is stopped; then, the high-pressure hydrogen source valve is opened, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen charging pipeline; the controller monitors the hydrogen pressure and flow rate in real time through the pressure sensor and the mass flow controller, and dynamically adjusts the opening degree of the pressure reducing valve and the on-off time of the solenoid valve according to the hydrogen absorption characteristics of the solid hydrogen storage material and the pressure and temperature state in the hydrogen storage bottle to ensure that hydrogen enters the solid hydrogen storage bottle with a stable pressure and flow rate; at the same time, the controller controls the radiator in the heat dissipation branch to work according to the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle monitored by the temperature sensor, adjusts the heat dissipation power, and timely dissipates the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage material to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle within a suitable range to ensure the hydrogen absorption efficiency; when the hydrogen charging amount reaches the preset value or an abnormal situation occurs, the controller immediately stops the hydrogen charging operation and issues a corresponding alarm signal;

[0027] During hydrogen release, the controller first starts the hydrogen fuel cell, and then opens the hydrogen release solenoid valve of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen fuel cell under the action of the pressure difference. The controller monitors the hydrogen inlet pressure and required flow rate of the fuel cell in real time through the pressure sensor and mass flow controller. According to the power output requirement of the fuel cell, it precisely controls the opening of the solenoid valve and the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve in the hydrogen release pipeline to ensure the stability and timeliness of hydrogen supply. At the same time, the controller controls the operation of the circulation pump and heater in the waste heat utilization loop according to the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle and the working temperature of the fuel cell monitored by the temperature sensor. When the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage bottle is low, the heater is started to provide the heat required for hydrogen release for the hydrogen storage material. When the temperature of the fuel cell is too high, by adjusting the rotation speed of the circulation pump and the working state of the heat exchanger, the waste heat recovery amount is increased to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell and ensure that the system operates within the optimal temperature range. When the fuel cell stops working or the hydrogen demand ends, the controller closes the hydrogen release solenoid valve and stops the hydrogen release operation.

[0028] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The hydrogen charging and discharging system and method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells provided by the embodiments of the present invention can accurately regulate the flow rate of the heat exchange medium and heat exchange parameters by adopting the dynamic heat exchange optimization technology in the waste heat circuit. During hydrogen charging, it effectively recovers the heat released during hydrogen absorption of the solid-state hydrogen storage material to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell and reduce external energy consumption. During hydrogen release, it makes full use of the waste heat of the fuel cell to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage material, realizing the efficient recycling of energy. With the help of precise sensors and advanced controllers, combined with the dynamic heat exchange optimization technology, precise control of the hydrogen flow rate, pressure, and temperature during the hydrogen charging and discharging process is achieved. During hydrogen charging, the parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the hydrogen absorption rate to improve the hydrogen absorption efficiency. During hydrogen release, the hydrogen supply is optimized in real time according to the power demand of the fuel cell to ensure stability and efficiency. The dynamic heat exchange optimization technology enables the system to automatically adjust the waste heat recovery and hydrogen charging and discharging processes according to different working conditions. Whether it is the change of the power load or the fluctuation of the hydrogen demand, the system can quickly respond and optimize the operation. The optimized system architecture and component connection method improve the system integration degree, reduce the number of components and connection complexity. At the same time, the perfect safety monitoring and protection mechanism, such as real-time pressure monitoring, fast-response safety valves, etc., combined with the safety design of the waste heat utilization loop, effectively reduces the risk of hydrogen leakage and the probability of safety accidents.

[0030] Of course, it is not necessary for any product or method implementing the present invention to simultaneously achieve all the above-mentioned advantages. Description of the Drawings

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0033] Description of reference numerals:

[0034] 1 - Solid hydrogen storage group; 2 - Hydrogen fuel cell group; 3 - First heat exchanger; 4 - Radiator; 5 - Second heat exchanger; 6 - High-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder; 7 - First valve; 8 - Pressure reducing valve; 9 - First mass flow sensor; 10 - First pressure sensor; 11 - Vacuum pump; 12 - First two-way three-way solenoid valve; 13 - First solenoid valve; 14 - Second valve; 15 - First temperature sensor; 16 - First circulation pump; 17 - Second two-way three-way solenoid valve; 18 - Second solenoid valve; 19 - Three-way reversing valve; 20 - Third solenoid valve; 21 - Air compressor; 22 - Fourth solenoid valve; 23 - Air filter; 24 - Second temperature sensor; 25 - Expansion tank; 26 - First four-way reversing valve; 27 - Second circulation pump; 28 - Fifth solenoid valve; 29 - Sixth solenoid valve; 30 - Second mass flow sensor; 31 - Second pressure sensor; 32 - Third temperature sensor; 33 - Third circulation pump; 34 - Fourth temperature sensor; 35 - Seventh solenoid valve; 36 - Second four-way reversing valve; 37 - Fifth temperature sensor; 38 - Third heat exchanger; 39 - Control module. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can also be combined with each other.

[0036] It should be noted that: Similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. In the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. are only used for distinguishing descriptions and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] Based on the problems existing in hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells in the prior art, the embodiments of the present invention provide a hydrogen charging and discharging system and method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells to solve the technical problems such as insufficient recovery and utilization of waste heat, low hydrogen charging and discharging efficiency, inaccurate and intelligent control, poor system integration, and insufficient safety in the existing hydrogen energy storage and fuel cell systems. The present invention optimizes the design of the waste heat utilization circuit, adopts dynamic heat exchange optimization technology to improve the waste heat recovery efficiency; precisely controls the hydrogen charging and discharging process to enhance the intelligence of the system; improves the system integration and simplifies the component connection; improves the safety protection measures to ensure the safe operation of the system, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency, performance and reliability of the entire system, and promoting the wide application of hydrogen energy storage and fuel cell technologies in the fields of distributed energy, mobile power sources, etc.

[0038] The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells provided by the embodiments of the present invention integrates solid-state hydrogen storage, hydrogen fuel cells and a waste heat utilization circuit, and uses sensors for monitoring and intelligent control to achieve efficient waste heat recovery, precise hydrogen charging and discharging control, improved system integration and enhanced safety, so as to improve the energy utilization efficiency and system performance, and is applicable to a variety of energy application scenarios.

[0039] As Figure 1 shown, the hydrogen charging and discharging system includes: a solid-state hydrogen storage group 1, a hydrogen fuel cell group 2, a first waste heat utilization circuit, a second waste heat utilization circuit, a third waste heat utilization circuit, an air compressor 21, a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle 6, a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline, a control module 39 and pipeline fittings.

[0040] Among them, the solid-state hydrogen storage group 1 is connected with a heat dissipation circulation pipeline and a waste heat utilization circulation pipeline; the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 is connected with a waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline; among them, the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline form a first waste heat utilization circuit, and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline cross at a first heat exchanger 3; the hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline sequentially includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle 6, a first valve 7, a pressure reducing valve 8, a first mass flow sensor 9, a first pressure sensor 10, a vacuum pump 11, a first two-way three-way solenoid valve 12, and the first two-way three-way solenoid valve 12 is simultaneously connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage group 1 and a second heat exchanger 5; the second heat exchanger 5 is then sequentially connected to a third temperature sensor 32, a second pressure sensor 31, a second mass flow sensor 30, a sixth solenoid valve 29 and the hydrogen fuel cell group 2; the air compressor 21 is sequentially connected to a fourth solenoid valve 22, an air filter 23, a third heat exchanger 38, a second temperature sensor 24, and then connected to the hydrogen fuel cell group 2; the second heat exchanger 5 and the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 form a second waste heat utilization circuit, and the third heat exchanger 38 and the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 form a third waste heat utilization circuit. The control module 39 is used to control the pipeline fittings.

[0041] The pipeline fittings include various valves, sensors, pumps, filters, water tanks, etc. provided on the pipeline; for example, the first valve 7, pressure reducing valve 8, first mass flow sensor 9, first pressure sensor 10, vacuum pump 11, first two-way three-way solenoid valve 12, the first two-way three-way solenoid valve 12, third temperature sensor 32, second pressure sensor 31, second mass flow sensor 30, sixth solenoid valve 29, fourth solenoid valve 22, air filter 23, third heat exchanger 38, second temperature sensor 24, etc.

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the heat dissipation circulation pipeline connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage group 1, starting from the solid-state hydrogen storage group, successively includes a first temperature sensor 15, a first circulation pump 16, a second two-way three-way solenoid valve 17, a second solenoid valve 18, a radiator 4, and a three-way reversing valve 19. The second two-way three-way solenoid valve 17 is simultaneously connected to a third solenoid valve 20, a first heat exchanger 3, and the three-way reversing valve 19 in sequence; the three-way reversing valve 19 is provided with two inlets and one outlet, wherein the two inlets are respectively connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage group 1 and the first heat exchanger 3, and the outlet is connected to the radiator 4; the first temperature sensor 15, the first circulation pump 16, the second two-way three-way solenoid valve 17, the third solenoid valve 20, the first heat exchanger 3, and the three-way reversing valve 19 form the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline of the first waste heat utilization loop.

[0043] In a specific embodiment, the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline of the first waste heat utilization loop starts from the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 and is successively connected to a second four-way reversing valve 36, a first heat exchanger 3, a second temperature sensor 24, an expansion tank 25, a first four-way reversing valve 26, a second circulation pump 27, and a fifth solenoid valve 28, and the fifth solenoid valve 28 is then connected to the hydrogen fuel cell group 2.

[0044] The second four-way reversing valve 36 includes an inlet from the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 and three outlets; wherein the first outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger 3, the second outlet is successively connected to a seventh solenoid valve 35, a fourth temperature sensor 34, a third circulation pump 33, and a second heat exchanger 5, and the third outlet is connected to the third heat exchanger 38; the first four-way reversing valve 26 includes an outlet flowing to the hydrogen fuel cell group 2 and three inlets; wherein, the first inlet is successively connected to the expansion tank 25, the second temperature sensor 24, and the first heat exchanger 3; the second inlet is connected to the second heat exchanger 5, and the third inlet is connected to the third heat exchanger 38.

[0045] Preferably, the solid-state hydrogen storage group 1 is composed of a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage bottles to form a hydrogen storage array, and the hydrogen storage bottles are made of a metal material with high strength, high pressure resistance, and good heat conduction performance (such as stainless steel or aluminum alloy). The inside of the bottle body is filled with a high-performance solid-state hydrogen storage material.

[0046] Each hydrogen storage bottle is provided with a gas guide pipe. The gas guide pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the bottle body, and its pipe wall is evenly distributed with tiny ventilation holes to ensure that hydrogen can uniformly contact the hydrogen storage material. The outer end of the gas guide pipe is connected to the hydrogen pipeline through a sealing connector, and the inner end is closed. A fine filter screen is covered outside the ventilation holes to prevent the leakage of the hydrogen storage material. The gas guide pipe ensures the uniform dispersion of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage material and improves the reaction efficiency.

[0047] The side wall of the hydrogen storage bottle is closely attached to a temperature control water jacket. The material of the water jacket is a metal with excellent heat conduction (such as copper or aluminum), and a flow channel is arranged inside, which is connected to the waste heat utilization circuit for the circulation of the heat exchange medium (such as water or ethylene glycol aqueous solution). The temperature control water jacket is connected to the waste heat utilization circuit through a pipeline to form a heat exchange channel. The temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle is controlled by the circulation of the heat exchange medium to meet the thermal management requirements during the hydrogen charging and discharging process.

[0048] In a specific application example, the hydrogen fuel cell stack 2 selects a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The fuel cell mainly consists of a stack, a hydrogen supply structure, an air supply structure, a water and heat management structure, etc.

[0049] The stack is the core component, which is composed of multiple single cells connected in series. The single cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane (or solid oxide electrolyte). The hydrogen inlet is connected to the hydrogen release pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through a high-pressure resistant pipeline, and the connection uses a joint with excellent sealing performance to ensure the safety of hydrogen transmission. The air inlet and outlet are respectively connected to equipment such as an air filter and a fan to ensure the supply of clean air required for the normal operation of the fuel cell.

[0050] The stack is provided with a dedicated heat exchange channel, which is closely connected to the heat exchanger in the waste heat utilization circuit to form an efficient heat exchange interface. The internal structure of the heat exchange channel is optimized to enable the heat exchange medium to fully absorb the waste heat of the fuel cell reaction, and at the same time precisely control the temperature of the stack to maintain its stable performance.

[0051] All waste heat utilization circuits adopt high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant pipeline materials (such as stainless steel or titanium alloy). The pipe diameter is determined according to the system flow demand to ensure the stable circulation of the heat exchange medium. The pipeline connections adopt reliable sealing connection methods (such as welding, flange connection, or sealing pipe fittings connection) to prevent the leakage of the heat exchange medium.

[0052] The first heat exchanger 3, the second heat exchanger 5, and the third heat exchanger 38 select high-efficiency plate heat exchangers, which are calculated and selected according to the system waste heat recovery amount and heat exchange demand to ensure good heat exchange performance. Their internal structure design is optimized to improve the heat exchange efficiency and uniformity. The heat exchange fins inside the heat exchanger are made of materials with good heat conduction performance to ensure the efficient transfer of heat between the heat exchange medium and the heated (or cooled) components.

[0053] The circulating pump is selected to be of the type with high temperature resistance, low noise, and high efficiency (such as a centrifugal pump or a gear pump), and is installed on the main pipeline to provide circulating power for the heat exchange medium. Its performance parameters are reasonably selected according to the system scale and pipeline resistance, and the rotation speed is adjusted through the controller to accurately control the flow rate of the heat exchange medium.

[0054] The expansion tank 25 is used to accommodate the volume expansion of the heat exchange medium caused by temperature changes, and at the same time plays a role in stabilizing the system pressure. It is installed at the highest point of the system and is connected to the main pipeline through a pipeline.

[0055] The temperature sensors and flow sensors are distributed at key positions in the loop to monitor the temperature and flow rate changes of the heat exchange medium in real time. The sensors adopt products with high precision and high reliability, such as thermocouple or thermistor temperature sensors, electromagnetic or turbine flow sensors, etc., to provide accurate data support for the dynamic heat exchange optimization technology. The temperature sensors adopt advanced thermocouple or thermistor technology to convert temperature changes into electrical signals.

[0056] The pressure sensor adopts a piezoresistive or capacitive pressure sensor, and the measurement range is determined according to the system operating pressure, and the measurement accuracy is between ±0.1% - ±1%.

[0057] The mass flow sensor is selected from electromagnetic flowmeters, turbine flowmeters, ultrasonic flowmeters, etc., and generates corresponding signals according to the flow rate.

[0058] The above-mentioned sensors transmit signals to the control module through shielded cables, and the cable wiring is reasonable to avoid electromagnetic interference. The signal receiving and processing circuits in the control module perform preprocessing such as filtering, amplification, and analog-to-digital conversion on the input signals to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0059] The hydrogen charging and discharging pipelines adopt high-pressure hydrogen corrosion-resistant metal pipelines (such as stainless steel or nickel-based alloys), with smooth inner walls to reduce the flow resistance of hydrogen. Key components such as pressure reducing valves, pressure sensors, solenoid valves, and mass flow controllers are installed in sequence on each pipeline. The pressure reducing valve accurately adjusts the hydrogen pressure; the pressure sensor monitors the pipeline pressure in real time; the solenoid valve controls the on-off of hydrogen; the mass flow controller accurately measures and controls the hydrogen flow rate to ensure the safety, stability, and accuracy of the hydrogen charging and discharging process. The inlet end of the hydrogen charging pipeline is connected to an external hydrogen source (such as a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder or a hydrogen production device) through a high-pressure joint, and the outlet end of the hydrogen discharging pipeline is connected to a hydrogen fuel cell.

[0060] The control module 39 consists of a controller, a sensor signal conditioning circuit, a drive circuit, and a communication module, etc. The controller is selected from a high-performance microprocessor or a programmable logic controller (PLC), which has strong data processing capabilities and fast response speeds. The sensor signal conditioning circuit processes the analog signals collected by the sensors and converts them into digital signals for the controller to analyze.

[0061] Based on the above hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a hydrogen charging and discharging method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells. The method includes a hydrogen charging link and a hydrogen discharging link.

[0062] Among them, the control logic of the hydrogen charging link is as follows: During the hydrogen charging process, the controller first starts the vacuum pump according to the preset hydrogen charging program to evacuate the hydrogen charging pipeline. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the pipeline reaches the set vacuum degree, the vacuum pumping stops. Then, the high-pressure hydrogen source valve is opened, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen charging pipeline. The controller real-time monitors the hydrogen pressure and flow rate through the pressure sensor and the mass flow controller, and dynamically adjusts the opening of the pressure reducing valve and the on-off time of the solenoid valve according to the hydrogen absorption characteristics of the solid hydrogen storage material and the pressure and temperature state in the hydrogen storage bottle, ensuring that hydrogen enters the solid hydrogen storage bottle with a stable pressure and flow rate. At the same time, the controller controls the radiator in the heat dissipation branch to work according to the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle monitored by the temperature sensor, adjusts the heat dissipation power, and timely dissipates the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage material, maintaining the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle within a suitable range to ensure the hydrogen absorption efficiency. When the hydrogen charging amount reaches the preset value or an abnormal situation occurs (such as too high pressure, abnormal temperature, etc.), the controller immediately stops the hydrogen charging operation and issues a corresponding alarm signal.

[0063] The specific steps include:

[0064] System preparation: Before the hydrogen charging operation, check whether the connections of all components of the system are firm, ensure that all valves are in the closed state, check whether the sensors and the controller are working properly, and confirm that the heat exchange medium in the waste heat utilization loop is sufficient and the circulation pump is fault-free.

[0065] Vacuum pumping: Start the control system, open the vacuum pump solenoid valve on the hydrogen charging pipeline, and start the vacuum pump to evacuate the hydrogen charging pipeline. The controller real-time monitors the pressure in the pipeline. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure reaches the preset vacuum degree (such as -0.08 MPa), close the vacuum pump solenoid valve and stop the vacuum pumping.

[0066] Hydrogen supply: Open the external hydrogen source valve, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen charging pipeline. The controller adjusts the opening of the pressure reducing valve according to the preset hydrogen charging parameters to reduce the hydrogen pressure to a suitable range (such as 15 MPa). Then, open the solenoid valve at the inlet of the solid hydrogen storage bottle, and hydrogen starts to enter the solid hydrogen storage bottle.

[0067] Hydrogen charging process control: During the hydrogen charging process, the mass flow controller monitors the hydrogen flow rate in real time. The controller dynamically adjusts the opening of the solenoid valve according to the preset hydrogen charging rate and the state of the hydrogen storage cylinder to ensure that hydrogen enters the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder at a stable flow rate. At the same time, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder. When the temperature rises above the set threshold (such as 50°C), the controller starts the radiator in the heat dissipation branch, and dissipates the heat by adjusting the rotation speed of the radiator fan or the coolant flow rate to maintain the temperature stability of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0068] Hydrogen charging end: When the hydrogen charging amount reaches the preset value (which can be set according to the capacity of the hydrogen storage cylinder and the hydrogen charging requirements) or abnormal situations occur (such as too high pressure, abnormal temperature, etc.), the controller closes the solenoid valve at the inlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder to stop the hydrogen supply. Then, close the external hydrogen source valve to complete the hydrogen charging operation.

[0069] The control logic of the hydrogen release link is as follows: When releasing hydrogen, the controller first starts the hydrogen fuel cell, and then opens the hydrogen release solenoid valve of the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen fuel cell under the action of the pressure difference. The controller monitors the hydrogen inlet pressure and the required flow rate of the fuel cell in real time through the pressure sensor and the mass flow controller, and accurately controls the opening of the solenoid valve in the hydrogen release pipeline and the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve according to the power output requirements of the fuel cell to ensure the stability and timeliness of hydrogen supply. At the same time, the controller controls the operation of the circulation pump and the heater in the waste heat utilization loop according to the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder monitored by the temperature sensor and the working temperature of the fuel cell. When the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder is relatively low, start the heater to provide the heat required for hydrogen release for the hydrogen storage material; when the temperature of the fuel cell is too high, by adjusting the rotation speed of the circulation pump and the working state of the heat exchanger, increase the waste heat recovery amount and reduce the temperature of the fuel cell to ensure that the system operates within the optimal temperature range. When the fuel cell stops working or the hydrogen demand ends, the controller closes the hydrogen release solenoid valve to stop the hydrogen release operation.

[0070] The specific steps include:

[0071] System startup: When hydrogen release is required, first start the hydrogen fuel cell to ensure the normal operation of the air supply system, water and heat management system, etc. of the fuel cell.

[0072] Hydrogen release: Open the solenoid valve at the outlet of the solid-state hydrogen storage cylinder, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen release pipeline under the action of the pressure in the cylinder. The controller adjusts the pressure reducing valve on the hydrogen release pipeline according to the hydrogen demand of the fuel cell to adjust the hydrogen pressure to the pressure range suitable for the operation of the fuel cell (such as 0.1 - 0.5 MPa).

[0073] Hydrogen release process control: The mass flow controller monitors the hydrogen release flow rate in real time. The controller dynamically adjusts the opening degree of the solenoid valve according to the power demand and operating status of the fuel cell to ensure that the hydrogen supply matches the fuel cell demand. At the same time, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage bottle and the fuel cell. When the low temperature of the solid hydrogen storage bottle affects the hydrogen release rate, the controller starts the heater in the waste heat utilization loop to provide heat for the hydrogen storage material; when the fuel cell temperature is too high, the waste heat recovery amount is increased to reduce the fuel cell temperature.

[0074] End of hydrogen release: When the fuel cell stops working or the hydrogen demand ends, the controller closes the solenoid valve at the outlet of the solid hydrogen storage bottle to stop the hydrogen release operation. Then, according to the system situation, it can be selected whether to turn off the relevant equipment (such as circulation pump, heater, etc.) in the waste heat utilization loop.

[0075] During hydrogen charging and discharging, the waste heat utilization control logic is as follows: The controller controls the running speed of the circulation pump and the flow direction of the heat exchange medium in the waste heat utilization loop according to the system operating status (hydrogen charging or discharging) and the temperature requirements of each component. During the hydrogen charging process, when the solid hydrogen storage material absorbs hydrogen and releases heat, the circulation pump pumps the heat exchange medium out of the temperature control water jacket of the solid hydrogen storage unit, and after passing through the radiator, the cooled heat exchange medium is sent back to the temperature control water jacket to form a circulating cooling. During the hydrogen release process, the circulation pump pumps the heat exchange medium out of the heat exchange channel of the hydrogen fuel cell, and after being heated by the heat exchanger, it is sent into the temperature control water jacket of the solid hydrogen storage unit to provide heat for the hydrogen release of the solid hydrogen storage material, and then returns to the heat exchange channel of the fuel cell to form a circulating heating. The first waste heat utilization loop and the second waste heat utilization loop are connected to the hydrogen pipeline of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the third waste heat utilization loop is connected to the air pipeline of the hydrogen fuel cell. Temperature sensors are installed on the hydrogen pipeline and the air pipeline respectively to monitor the temperature of hydrogen and air before entering the fuel cell in real time. At the same time, temperature sensors are also installed at the outlet of the waste heat utilization loop respectively to monitor the temperature of the heat exchange medium after heating. By controlling the rotation speed of the circulation pump and the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger, the reasonable distribution and utilization of waste heat are realized, and the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved.

[0076] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the hydrogen charging and discharging system and method based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells provided by the embodiments of the present invention can accurately control the flow rate of the heat exchange medium and the heat exchange parameters by adopting the dynamic heat exchange optimization technology in the waste heat circuit. During hydrogen charging, the heat released during hydrogen absorption by the solid hydrogen storage material is effectively recovered to preheat the hydrogen fuel cell, reducing external energy consumption; during hydrogen discharging, the waste heat of the fuel cell is fully utilized to heat the solid hydrogen storage material, realizing the efficient recycling of energy. With the help of precise sensors and advanced controllers, combined with the dynamic heat exchange optimization technology, precise control of the hydrogen flow rate, pressure, and temperature during the hydrogen charging and discharging processes is achieved. During hydrogen charging, the parameters are dynamically adjusted according to the hydrogen absorption rate to improve the hydrogen absorption efficiency; during hydrogen discharging, the hydrogen supply is optimized in real time according to the power demand of the fuel cell to ensure stable and efficient operation. The dynamic heat exchange optimization technology enables the system to automatically adjust the waste heat recovery and the hydrogen charging and discharging processes according to different working conditions. Whether it is the change in the power load or the fluctuation of the hydrogen demand, the system can respond quickly and optimize its operation. The optimized system architecture and component connection method improve the system integration degree, reduce the number of components and the connection complexity. At the same time, the perfect safety monitoring and protection mechanism, such as real-time pressure monitoring, fast-response safety valves, etc., combined with the safety design of the waste heat utilization circuit, effectively reduces the risk of hydrogen leakage and the probability of safety accidents.

[0077] The above description is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the explanation of the applied technical principles, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention claimed, but only represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, characterized in that The system includes: a solid-state hydrogen storage group (1), a hydrogen fuel cell group (2), a first waste heat utilization circuit, a second waste heat utilization circuit, a third waste heat utilization circuit, an air compressor (21), a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder (6), a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline, a control module (39), and pipeline fittings; wherein, The solid-state hydrogen storage group (1) is connected with a heat dissipation circulation pipeline and a waste heat utilization circulation pipeline; the hydrogen fuel cell group (2) is connected with a waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and a hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline; wherein, the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline form a first waste heat utilization circuit, and the waste heat recovery circulation pipeline and the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline cross at a first heat exchanger (3); The heat dissipation circulation pipeline connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage group (1) starts from the solid-state hydrogen storage group and sequentially includes a first temperature sensor (15), a first circulation pump (16), a second two-position three-way solenoid valve (17), a second solenoid valve (18), a radiator (4), and a three-way reversing valve (19); The hydrogen charging and discharging pipeline sequentially includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder (6), a first valve (7), a pressure reducing valve (8), a first mass flow sensor (9), a first pressure sensor (10), a vacuum pump (11), a first two-position three-way solenoid valve (12), and the first two-position three-way solenoid valve (12) is simultaneously connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage group (1) and a second heat exchanger (5); the second heat exchanger (5) is then sequentially connected to a third temperature sensor (32), a second pressure sensor (31), a second mass flow sensor (30), a sixth solenoid valve (29), and the hydrogen fuel cell group (2); the air compressor (21) is sequentially connected to a fourth solenoid valve (22), an air filter (23), a third heat exchanger (38), a second temperature sensor (24), and then connected to the hydrogen fuel cell group (2); The second heat exchanger (5) and the hydrogen fuel cell group (2) form a second waste heat utilization circuit, and the third heat exchanger (38) and the hydrogen fuel cell group (2) form a third waste heat utilization circuit; The control module (39) is used to control the pipeline fittings.

2. The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to claim 1, wherein The second two-position three-way solenoid valve (17) is simultaneously and sequentially connected to a third solenoid valve (20), a first heat exchanger (3), and a three-way reversing valve (19); the three-way reversing valve (19) is provided with two inlets and one outlet, wherein the two inlets are respectively connected to the solid-state hydrogen storage group (1) and the first heat exchanger (3), and the outlet is connected to the radiator (4); the first temperature sensor (15), the first circulation pump (16), the second two-position three-way solenoid valve (17), the third solenoid valve (20), the first heat exchanger (3), and the three-way reversing valve (19) form the waste heat utilization circulation pipeline of the first waste heat utilization circuit.

3. The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste heat recovery circulation pipeline of the first waste heat utilization circuit starts from the hydrogen fuel cell group (2) and sequentially connects a second four-way reversing valve (36), a first heat exchanger (3), a second temperature sensor (24), an expansion tank (25), a first four-way reversing valve (26), a second circulation pump (27), and a fifth solenoid valve (28), and the fifth solenoid valve (28) is then connected to the hydrogen fuel cell group (2).

4. The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second four-way reversing valve (36) includes an inlet from the hydrogen fuel cell stack (2) and three outlets. The first outlet is connected to the first heat exchanger (3). The second outlet is sequentially connected to the seventh solenoid valve (35), the fourth temperature sensor (34), the third circulation pump (33), and the second heat exchanger (5). The third outlet is connected to the third heat exchanger (38). The first four-way reversing valve (26) includes an outlet flowing to the hydrogen fuel cell stack (2) and three inlets. Among them, the first inlet is sequentially connected to the expansion tank (25), the second temperature sensor (24), and the first heat exchanger (3). The second inlet is connected to the second heat exchanger (5), and the third inlet is connected to the third heat exchanger (38).

5. The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The solid hydrogen storage group (1) consists of multiple solid hydrogen storage cylinders forming a hydrogen storage array. The hydrogen storage cylinders are made of a metal material with high strength, high pressure resistance, and good thermal conductivity. The inside of the cylinder body is filled with a high-performance solid hydrogen storage material.

6. The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to claim 5, wherein A gas guide pipe is provided inside the solid hydrogen storage cylinder. The gas guide pipe is arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder body, and its pipe wall is evenly distributed with tiny ventilation holes to ensure that hydrogen can uniformly contact the hydrogen storage material. The outer end of the gas guide pipe is connected to the hydrogen pipeline through a sealed connector, and the inner end is closed. A fine filter screen is covered outside the ventilation holes to prevent the hydrogen storage material from leaking. The gas guide pipe ensures that hydrogen is evenly dispersed in the hydrogen storage material, improving the reaction efficiency. The side wall of the solid hydrogen storage cylinder is closely attached to a temperature control water jacket. The water jacket is made of a metal with excellent thermal conductivity and is provided with a flow channel inside, which is connected to the waste heat utilization circuit for the circulation of the heat exchange medium. The temperature control water jacket is connected to the waste heat utilization circuit through a pipeline to form a heat exchange channel. The temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder is controlled by the circulation of the heat exchange medium to meet the thermal management requirements during the hydrogen charging and discharging process.

7. The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid-state hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The hydrogen fuel cell stack (2) selects a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The fuel cell consists of a stack, a hydrogen supply structure, an air supply structure, and a water and heat management structure. Among them, The stack is the core component, which is composed of multiple single cells connected in series. Each single cell includes an anode, a cathode, and a proton exchange membrane. The hydrogen inlet is connected to the hydrogen discharging pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage group through a high-pressure resistant pipeline, and the connection part uses a joint with excellent sealing performance to ensure the safety of hydrogen transmission. The air inlet and outlet are respectively connected to an air filter and a fan to ensure the supply of clean air required for the normal operation of the fuel cell. The stack respectively forms a heat exchange interface with the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger in the waste heat utilization circuit, enabling the heat exchange medium to fully absorb the waste heat of the fuel cell reaction, and at the same time accurately controlling the temperature of the stack to maintain its stable performance.

8. The hydrogen charging and discharging system based on solid hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature change of the heat exchange medium in real time. The pressure sensor uses a piezoresistive or capacitive pressure sensor, and its measurement range is determined according to the system working pressure, and the measurement accuracy is between ±0.1% - ±1%. The mass flow sensor selects an electromagnetic flowmeter, a turbine flowmeter, or an ultrasonic flowmeter, and generates corresponding signals according to the flow rate to monitor the flow rate change of the heat exchange medium in real time. And all sensors transmit signals to the control module (39) through shielded cables.

9. A hydrogen charging and discharging method based on solid hydrogen energy storage and fuel cells, characterized in that, The hydrogen charging and discharging method is implemented based on the hydrogen charging and discharging system described in any one of claims 1-8; the method includes a hydrogen charging link and a hydrogen discharging link; wherein, During hydrogen charging, the controller first starts the vacuum pump according to a preset hydrogen charging program to evacuate the hydrogen charging pipeline. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the pipeline reaches the set vacuum degree, the vacuum pumping stops; then, the high-pressure hydrogen source valve is opened, and hydrogen enters the hydrogen charging pipeline; the controller monitors the hydrogen pressure and flow rate in real time through the pressure sensor and the mass flow controller, and dynamically adjusts the opening of the pressure reducing valve and the on-off time of the solenoid valve according to the hydrogen absorption characteristics of the solid hydrogen storage material and the pressure and temperature conditions in the hydrogen storage bottle to ensure that hydrogen enters the solid hydrogen storage bottle at a stable pressure and flow rate; at the same time, the controller controls the radiator in the heat dissipation branch to work according to the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle monitored by the temperature sensor, adjusts the heat dissipation power, and timely dissipates the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption of the hydrogen storage material to maintain the temperature of the hydrogen storage bottle within a suitable range to ensure the hydrogen absorption efficiency; when the hydrogen charging amount reaches the preset value or an abnormal situation occurs, the controller immediately stops the hydrogen charging operation and issues a corresponding alarm signal; During hydrogen discharging, the controller first starts the hydrogen fuel cell, and then opens the hydrogen discharging solenoid valve of the solid hydrogen storage bottle. Hydrogen enters the hydrogen fuel cell under the action of the pressure difference; the controller monitors the hydrogen inlet pressure and the required flow rate of the fuel cell in real time through the pressure sensor and the mass flow controller, and accurately controls the opening of the solenoid valve and the output pressure of the pressure reducing valve in the hydrogen discharging pipeline according to the power output requirement of the fuel cell to ensure the stability and timeliness of hydrogen supply; at the same time, the controller controls the circulation pump and the heater in the waste heat utilization loop to work according to the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage bottle and the working temperature of the fuel cell monitored by the temperature sensor; when the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage bottle is low, the heater is started to provide the heat required for hydrogen discharging for the hydrogen storage material; when the temperature of the fuel cell is too high, by adjusting the rotation speed of the circulation pump and the working state of the heat exchanger, the waste heat recovery amount is increased to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell and ensure that the system operates within the optimal temperature range; when the fuel cell stops working or the hydrogen demand ends, the controller closes the hydrogen discharging solenoid valve and stops the hydrogen discharging operation.

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