Airborne ultra-wideband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and discloses an airborne ultra-wideband wide-angle scanning phased-array antenna, which comprises three dielectric substrates, four front and back radiation patches, four microstrip feeder lines and two resistors, wherein the dielectric substrate comprises a middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate and two double-side FR4 dielectric substrates; the overall dimension of the antenna unit is 17.6 mm * 17.6 mm * 88 mm. According to the designed antenna unit, the beam width is improved in a mode of loading the dielectric plates on the two sides, and the wide beam of four concerned frequency points is realized in a mode of 8 * 16 arrays. According to the designed antenna unit, the influence of the scanning angle on array standing waves is improved by loading the dielectric plates on the two sides, and the active VSWR of the array is smaller than 3 under the condition that the scanning angle is + / -45 degrees on the azimuth plane of 0.84-6.7 GHz (the relative bandwidth is 155%) in a 8 * 16 array forming mode. The designed antenna is simple in structure and easy to process, and the common FR4 dielectric plate and the F4BME217 dielectric plate are adopted, so that the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular relates to an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna. Background Art

[0002] At present, whether in the military or civilian fields, modern wireless communication systems have an increasing demand for multi-function, integration, and integration, which puts higher requirements on the design of antennas as the front end of wireless communication systems. In the military field, wireless communication systems are developing in the direction of multi-function. If a radar system wants to achieve multiple functions such as reconnaissance, confrontation, remote sensing, and communication, its antenna system has increasingly wider bandwidth requirements. In the civilian field, with the rapid growth of the number of users and the diversification of functions, the previous method of designing an antenna for each frequency band specifically corresponding to one function can no longer meet the needs. People always hope that multiple functions can be realized in one antenna, which puts higher requirements on the antenna bandwidth. At the same time, compared with a single antenna, array antennas can better meet the needs of modern wireless communication systems in terms of gain, directivity and other performance. Therefore, whether in the military or civilian fields, the development of ultra-wideband array antennas is of great significance to modern wireless communication systems.

[0003] For airborne antennas, in addition to the demand for ultra-wideband, the space reserved for antennas is very limited due to the requirements of aircraft structural stability and stealth. Low-profile antennas can reduce their impact on aircraft structure, aerodynamic characteristics and stealth effects, which puts high demands on the profile and size of airborne antennas. At the same time, wide-angle scanning capability means that the radar system can search and detect targets in a larger spatial range, whether it is low-altitude flying objects, ground vehicles or surface ships, they can all be effectively covered.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to study and design ultra-wideband phased array antennas with wide-angle scanning capabilities.

[0005] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0006] (1) Traditional broadband antennas such as horn antennas, helical antennas, and Vivaldi antennas have wide bandwidths but are large in size. In addition, in order to avoid grating lobes, the spacing between array antenna units must be less than half the wavelength of the highest frequency, so the antenna units are required to be small. It is difficult to achieve both ultra-wideband characteristics and miniaturization of the antenna at the same time.

[0007] (2) Array antenna gain can be improved by increasing the number of array elements, but the increase in array elements will lead to a narrower beam width. How to comprehensively consider these two performances is a difficult point.

[0008] (3) It is difficult to achieve ultra-wideband characteristics and wide-angle scanning at the same time. When the array antenna performs wide-angle scanning, as the scanning angle increases, the active standing wave of the array will deteriorate, affecting the antenna bandwidth.

[0009] (4) The structure of ultra-wideband array antennas is usually complex and the manufacturing cost is high. Summary of the invention

[0010] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna.

[0011] The present invention is implemented in this way: an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna comprises:

[0012] It consists of 3 dielectric substrates, 4 front and rear radiation patches, 4 microstrip feed lines and 2 resistors;

[0013] The dielectric substrate includes a middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate and two double-sided FR4 dielectric substrates; the outer dimensions of the antenna unit are 17.6mm×17.6mm×88mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the antenna is an antipodal Vivaldi antenna.

[0015] Furthermore, the F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle of the front side of the antenna unit includes an upper rectangular radiation patch, a resistor, a lower radiation patch and 4 microstrip feed lines, wherein the lower radiation patch is surrounded by an exponential curve and is the main radiation area of ​​the antenna. The resistor connects the upper and lower radiation patches. The purpose of using resistor loading is mainly to increase the bandwidth of the antenna and reduce its size. The width of the 4 microstrip lines gradually increases, and the main purpose is to achieve ultra-wideband of the antenna; the main purpose of the double-sided FR4 dielectric substrate is to improve the low-frequency gain of the antenna and improve standing waves.

[0016] Furthermore, the F4BME217 dielectric substrate on the rear side of the antenna unit includes an upper rectangular radiation patch, a resistor, and a lower radiation patch, which is symmetrical with the corresponding radiation patch on the front side about the central mirror image point.

[0017] Another object of the present invention is to provide an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna arranged in an 8×16 array with an overall size of 281.6×140.6×88mm 3 .

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for realizing broadband communication using an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Preparation of antenna unit: The antenna unit is formed by combining a F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle and two FR4 dielectric substrates on both sides;

[0020] Install the radiation patch: fix the front and rear four radiation patches on the upper and lower sides of the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate respectively, and the front and rear radiation patches are symmetrical about the central mirror point;

[0021] Connecting feed lines: Connect the center points of the upper and lower radiating patches to the antenna feed port through four microstrip feed lines with gradually increasing widths to achieve wideband performance;

[0022] Resistor loading: Connect two resistors between the upper and lower radiating patches to increase antenna bandwidth and reduce size.

[0023] Assemble the antenna array: Arrange the antenna units in an 8×16 array to form a planar array antenna to optimize wide-angle scanning capabilities.

[0024] Furthermore, the installation method of the radiation patch includes designing the lower radiation patch as an exponential curve enclosing area and installing it corresponding to the upper rectangular radiation patch to optimize the radiation performance.

[0025] Furthermore, the widths of the four sections of microstrip feed lines gradually increase to improve signal transmission performance, wherein the input end is connected to the antenna feed port, and the output end is respectively connected to the center points of the upper and lower radiation patches.

[0026] Furthermore, the double-sided FR4 dielectric substrate is installed by bonding with the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate to enhance the low-frequency gain and improve the standing wave ratio performance.

[0027] Furthermore, the 8×16 array arrangement of the planar array antenna achieves a wide-angle scanning capability of plus or minus 45 degrees by precisely controlling the spacing and direction of the antenna units, which is used to meet broadband communication or radar detection requirements.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method for realizing broadband communication using an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, comprising the following steps:

[0029] Preparation of antenna unit: The antenna unit is formed by combining a F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle and two FR4 dielectric substrates on both sides;

[0030] Install the radiation patch: fix the front and rear four radiation patches on the upper and lower sides of the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate respectively, and the front and rear radiation patches are symmetrical about the central mirror point;

[0031] Connecting feed lines: Connect the center points of the upper and lower radiating patches to the antenna feed port through four microstrip feed lines with gradually increasing widths to achieve wideband performance;

[0032] Resistor loading: Connect two resistors between the upper and lower radiating patches to increase antenna bandwidth and reduce size.

[0033] Assemble the antenna array: Arrange the antenna units in an 8×16 array to form a planar array antenna to optimize wide-angle scanning capabilities.

[0034] Furthermore, the installation method of the radiation patch includes designing the lower radiation patch as an exponential curve enclosing area and installing it corresponding to the upper rectangular radiation patch to optimize the radiation performance.

[0035] Furthermore, the widths of the four sections of microstrip feed lines gradually increase to improve signal transmission performance, wherein the input end is connected to the antenna feed port, and the output end is respectively connected to the center points of the upper and lower radiation patches.

[0036] Furthermore, the double-sided FR4 dielectric substrate is installed by bonding with the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate to enhance the low-frequency gain and improve the standing wave ratio performance.

[0037] Furthermore, the 8×16 array arrangement of the planar array antenna achieves a wide-angle scanning capability of plus or minus 45 degrees by precisely controlling the spacing and direction of the antenna units, which is used to meet broadband communication or radar detection requirements.

[0038] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0039] First, in order to avoid the generation of grating lobes, the size of the designed antenna unit is less than half of the highest frequency wavelength. Based on the antipodal Vivaldi antenna, the ultra-wideband characteristics are guaranteed by designing 4 sections of progressive microstrip line feeding. At the same time, the standing wave is optimized by loading resistors and double-sided dielectric plates, so that the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is less than 2 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%) without scanning, and the size of the antenna unit is 17.6mm×17.6mm×88mm. The final array achieves a VSWR of less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%) without scanning, and the size is 281.6×140.6×88mm 3 , achieving broadband and miniaturization.

[0040] The designed antenna unit improves the beam width by loading double-sided dielectric plates, and realizes a wide beam of the four frequency points of concern through an 8*16 array.

[0041] The designed antenna unit improves the influence of the scanning angle on the array standing wave by loading the double-sided dielectric plate, and realizes a voltage standing wave ratio VSWR of less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-6.7GHz (relative bandwidth 155%) under the condition of ±45° azimuth plane scanning angle. Through the 8*16 array method, the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 2.11GHz-8.03GHz (relative bandwidth 116%) under the condition of ±45° azimuth plane scanning angle, realizing broadband and ±45° wide-angle scanning.

[0042] The designed antenna has a simple structure and is easy to process. It uses commonly used FR4 dielectric boards and F4BME217 dielectric boards and has a low cost.

[0043] Second, the expected benefits and commercial value of the technical solution of the present invention after transformation are: Due to its ultra-wideband and wide-angle scanning capabilities, this antenna can improve the target recognition ability and anti-interference performance of the radar system, and has important value in the military and avionics fields. By using the commonly used FR4 dielectric substrate and F4BME217 dielectric substrate, the traditional antipodal Vivaldi antenna is improved, the manufacturing cost and complexity are reduced, thereby providing a more cost-effective solution. This technology is expected to meet the market demand for high-performance, low-cost solutions.

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention solves the technical problem that people have been eager to solve but have never succeeded in solving: the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is less than 2 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%) without scanning, and the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-6.7GHz (relative bandwidth 155%) under the condition of positive and negative 45° azimuth plane scanning angle, and the size of the antenna unit is 17.6mm×17.6mm×88mm. The array finally formed realizes that the VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%) without scanning, and the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 2.11GHz-8.03GHz (relative bandwidth 116%) under the condition of positive and negative 45° azimuth plane scanning angle, realizing broadband, miniaturization and wide-angle scanning.

[0045] Third, it is difficult for traditional phased array antenna designs to achieve both wideband and high gain performance. Bandwidth expansion usually leads to a decrease in gain. The solution of the present invention is to use an exponential curve design in the radiation patch, combined with a gradually increasing structure of resistor loading and microstrip feed line width, to effectively improve the bandwidth and gain performance of the antenna, especially in the low frequency band, where the gain is significantly improved.

[0046] In the design of ultra-wideband antennas, it is difficult to balance standing wave ratio control and impedance matching performance, which usually leads to performance degradation in high frequency bands or low frequency bands. The solution of the present invention is to improve the standing wave ratio of the low frequency band by using a double-sided FR4 dielectric substrate, and optimize the impedance matching by combining the resistor loading technology to achieve excellent performance with a standing wave ratio lower than 2.0.

[0047] While ensuring the performance, the antenna size is usually large, which affects the integration and portability in practical applications. The solution of the present invention is to reduce the antenna unit size through the resistor loading technology while maintaining stable performance, and the final unit size is only 17.6mm×17.6mm×88mm.

[0048] Significant technological advancements:

[0049] The design of the present invention achieves ultra-wideband coverage from 840 MHz to 8.77 GHz, effectively overcoming the limitation of traditional antennas operating in a single narrow frequency band and meeting the requirements of modern communications and radars for multi-band compatibility.

[0050] The antenna unit standing wave ratio is controlled below 2.0 in the entire frequency band and below 1.8 in some frequency bands, which is far superior to the existing technical level. Through resistor loading and microstrip line width optimization, efficient impedance matching is achieved and power reflection loss is reduced.

[0051] The unit size is optimized to 17.6mm×17.6mm×88mm, which significantly reduces the volume of traditional broadband antennas and improves the integration and flexibility in application scenarios. It is particularly suitable for airborne, shipborne and space-constrained equipment.

[0052] The combination of the high dielectric constant F4BME217 substrate and the FR4 substrate improves the temperature and environmental adaptability of the antenna, ensuring stable operation in harsh environments.

[0053] The present invention significantly improves the antenna's operating bandwidth, gain, scanning capability and impedance matching performance by optimizing the design of antenna structural parameters (such as resistance loading and gradually increasing width of microstrip lines), solves the technical bottlenecks of prior arts in performance trade-offs, size optimization and wide-angle coverage, and provides innovative solutions for airborne communications, radar detection and other high-demand scenarios. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a diagram of the F4BME217 dielectric substrate on the rear side of the antenna unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3It is a VSWR diagram of the antenna unit at a scanning angle of positive and negative 45 degrees in the azimuth plane provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 It is a gain curve diagram of the antenna unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention that varies with frequency.

[0058] Figure 5 It is the gain pattern of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention at the frequency point of 0.96 GHz.

[0059] Figure 6 It is the gain pattern of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention at the 1.6 GHz frequency point.

[0060] Figure 7 It is the gain pattern of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention at the 3.4 GHz frequency point.

[0061] Figure 8 It is the gain pattern of the antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present invention at the frequency point of 8.4 GHz.

[0062] Fig. 9 This is an active VSWR diagram of the array provided by an embodiment of the present invention at a scanning angle of positive and negative 45 degrees in the azimuth plane.

[0063] Fig.10 It is the normal gain pattern of the array provided by the embodiment of the present invention at 0.96 GHz.

[0064] Fig.11 : is the normal gain pattern of the array provided by the embodiment of the present invention at 1.6 GHz.

[0065] Fig.12 This is the normal gain pattern at 3.4 GHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0066] Fig.13 This is the normal gain pattern at 8.4 GHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0067] Fig.14 This is a graph showing gain reduction at a scanning angle of plus or minus 45 degrees at a 0.96 GHz plane provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Fig.15 This is a graph showing gain reduction at a scanning angle of plus or minus 45 degrees at 1.6 GHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0069] Fig.16 This is a graph showing gain reduction at a scanning angle of plus or minus 45 degrees at a 3.4 GHz plane provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0070] Fig.17This is a graph showing gain reduction at a scanning angle of plus or minus 45 degrees at 8.4 GHz provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0071] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0072] The detailed structure of an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 He Ru Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the antenna is an antipodal Vivaldi antenna, which includes three dielectric substrates, four front and rear radiation patches, four microstrip feed lines and two resistors, wherein the dielectric substrate includes a middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate and two double-sided FR4 dielectric substrates. The dimensions of the antenna unit are 17.6mm×17.6mm×88mm (x direction, y direction, z direction).

[0073] Reference Figure 1 The F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle of the front side of the antenna unit consists of an upper rectangular radiation patch, a resistor, a lower radiation patch and four microstrip feed lines. The lower radiation patch is surrounded by an exponential curve and is the main radiation area of ​​the antenna. The resistor connects the upper and lower radiation patches. The purpose of using resistor loading is mainly to increase the bandwidth of the antenna and reduce the size. The width of the four microstrip lines gradually increases, and the main purpose is to achieve ultra-wideband antenna. The main purpose of the double-sided FR4 dielectric substrate is to improve the low-frequency gain of the antenna and improve standing waves.

[0074] Reference Figure 2 The F4BME217 dielectric substrate on the rear side of the antenna unit includes an upper rectangular radiation patch, a resistor, and a lower radiation patch, which are symmetrical with the corresponding radiation patch on the front side about the central mirror image point.

[0075] The design of the present invention is for an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna, so the performance of the unit under periodic boundary conditions is more worthy of attention. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 This is the simulation result of the unit under periodic boundary conditions. Figure 3 This is the VSWR diagram of the antenna unit at a scanning angle of positive and negative 45° in the azimuth plane. Figure 4 is the gain curve of the antenna unit changing with frequency, Figures 5 to 8They are the gain patterns of the antenna unit at the four frequencies of interest: 0.96 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 3.4 GHz, and 8.4 GHz. Figure 3 As shown, the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR of the unit is less than 2 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%) without scanning. As the scanning angle increases, the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-6.7GHz (relative bandwidth 155%) under the condition of a scanning angle of plus or minus 45° in the azimuth plane. Figure 4 As shown, the gain of the antenna element increases as the frequency increases. Figures 5 to 8 The normal gains of the antenna unit at the four frequency points of 0.96 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 3.4 GHz and 8.4 GHz are -16.57 dB, -11.23 dB, -3.89 dB and 3.67 dB respectively.

[0076] An 8×16 planar HFSS periodic finite array simulation model is established to verify the beam scanning capability of the proposed antenna. To ensure that there are no grating lobes during wide-angle scanning, the array element spacing is less than half of the wavelength corresponding to the highest frequency of 8.4 GHz and is set to 17.6 mm, which is consistent with the width of the unit. The final size of the array antenna is 281.6×140.6×88 mm. 3 .

[0077] In the HFSS model, all ports are excited with equal amplitude and in phase.

[0078] Fig. 9 The active VSWR of the array is shown when the azimuth plane scans at a positive or negative 45° angle. The VSWR of the phased array antenna is less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%) when not scanning. As the scanning angle increases, the VSWR deteriorates, and finally the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 2.11GHz-8.03GHz (relative bandwidth 116%) when the azimuth plane scans at a positive or negative 45° angle.

[0079] Fig.10 The normal gain pattern of the array at 0.96 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 5.18 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 50°, and the elevation beamwidth is 137°.

[0080] Fig.11 The normal gain pattern of the array at 1.6 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 10.33 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 33°, and the elevation beamwidth is 63°.

[0081] Fig.12The normal gain pattern of the array at 3.4 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 17.71 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 15°, and the elevation beamwidth is 29°.

[0082] Fig.13 The normal gain pattern of the array at 8.4 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 25.03 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 6°, and the elevation beamwidth is 11°.

[0083] Fig.14 The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of plus or minus 45 degrees in the 0.96 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0084] The gain drops by 2.52dB at 45° in the azimuth plane, and by 2.52dB at -45° in the azimuth plane.

[0085] Fig.15 The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of ±45 degrees in the 1.6 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0086] The gain drops by 2.51dB at 45° in azimuth, and by 2.53dB at -45° in azimuth.

[0087] Fig.16 The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of plus or minus 45 degrees in the 3.4 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0088] The gain drops by 2.41dB at 45° in azimuth and by 3.03dB at -45° in azimuth.

[0089] Fig.17 The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of plus or minus 45 degrees in the 8.4 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0090] The gain drops by 5.64dB at 45° in azimuth, and by 6.67dB at -45° in azimuth.

[0091] This is an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna application. Specific application areas include: military radar systems, aerospace communications, electronic reconnaissance, system remote sensing detection, emergency communication systems, drone cluster communications, intelligent transportation systems, Internet of Things communications, etc.

[0092] Figure 3This is the VSWR diagram of the antenna unit at a scanning angle of positive or negative 45° in the azimuth plane. When not scanning, the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR of the unit is less than 2 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%). With the increase of the scanning angle, the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-6.7GHz (relative bandwidth 155%) under the condition of a scanning angle of positive or negative 45° in the azimuth plane.

[0093] Figure 4 It is the gain curve of the antenna unit changing with frequency. The gain of the antenna unit increases with the increase of frequency.

[0094] Figures 5 to 8 They are the gain radiation patterns of the antenna unit at the four frequency points of interest: 0.96 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 3.4 GHz, and 8.4 GHz. The normal gains of the antenna unit at the four frequency points are -16.57 dB, -11.23 dB, -3.89 dB, and 3.67 dB, respectively.

[0095] Fig. 9 The active VSWR of the array is shown when the azimuth plane scans at a positive or negative 45° angle. The VSWR of the phased array antenna is less than 3 in the range of 0.84GHz-8.77GHz (relative bandwidth 165%) when not scanning. As the scanning angle increases, the VSWR deteriorates, and finally the voltage standing wave ratio VSWR is less than 3 in the range of 2.11GHz-8.03GHz (relative bandwidth 116%) when the azimuth plane scans at a positive or negative 45° angle.

[0096] Fig.10 The normal gain pattern of the array at 0.96 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 5.18 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 50°, and the elevation beamwidth is 137°.

[0097] Fig.11 The normal gain pattern of the array at 1.6 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 10.33 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 33°, and the elevation beamwidth is 63°.

[0098] Fig.12 The normal gain pattern of the array at 3.4 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 17.71 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 15°, and the elevation beamwidth is 29°.

[0099] Fig.13 The normal gain pattern of the array at 8.4 GHz is shown. The normal gain is 25.03 dB, the azimuth beamwidth is 6°, and the elevation beamwidth is 11°.

[0100] Fig.14The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of plus or minus 45 degrees in the 0.96 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0101] The gain drops by 2.52dB at 45° in the azimuth plane, and by 2.52dB at -45° in the azimuth plane.

[0102] Fig.15 The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of ±45 degrees in the 1.6 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0103] The gain drops by 2.51dB at 45° in azimuth, and by 2.53dB at -45° in azimuth.

[0104] Fig.16 The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of plus or minus 45 degrees in the 3.4 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0105] The gain drops by 2.41dB at 45° in azimuth and by 3.03dB at -45° in azimuth.

[0106] Fig.17 The gain drop of the array at a scan angle of plus or minus 45 degrees in the 8.4 GHz prescription plane is shown.

[0107] The gain drops by 5.64dB at 45° in azimuth, and by 6.67dB at -45° in azimuth.

[0108] Example 1: Ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna in airborne communication system

[0109] The antenna is used in airborne communication systems, mainly for multi-band data transmission and wide-angle scanning requirements, such as high-speed data links or aviation wireless communications.

[0110] 1) Antenna materials and structures

[0111] Dielectric substrate:

[0112] Middle: F4BME217 dielectric substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.17, suitable for high-frequency operation.

[0113] Double-sided: FR4 dielectric substrate to improve low-frequency gain and standing wave characteristics.

[0114] Radiant patch:

[0115] There are 4 rectangular radiation patches in the front, back, upper and lower parts. The material is copper-plated film, and the main radiation area is designed by exponential curve.

[0116] resistance:

[0117] The resistance value is 50Ω, which is used to load between the upper and lower radiation patches to improve the bandwidth.

[0118] Microstrip feed line:

[0119] There are four microstrip lines with gradually increasing widths, and the feeding impedance is 50Ω.

[0120] 2) Performance characteristics

[0121] Working frequency band: 0.84GHz to 8.77GHz, meeting the needs of ultra-wideband communication.

[0122] Scanning angle: ±45°, wide-angle scanning capability achieved through phased array technology.

[0123] Standing wave ratio: less than 2.0 when not scanning, less than 3.0 when ±45° scanning, with excellent matching performance.

[0124] Gain: The array has a gain of more than 5dB in the low frequency band and more than 25dB in the high frequency band, meeting the long-distance transmission requirements of airborne communications.

[0125] 3) Functional testing

[0126] Frequency domain testing: Verify S-parameters and standing wave performance via network analyzer.

[0127] Spatial scanning test: Verify the scanning accuracy and gain stability within ±45° in an anechoic chamber.

[0128] Example 2: Ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna in radar system

[0129] The antenna is used in radar systems and is suitable for high-precision target positioning and wide-angle coverage, such as drone detection radar or airborne navigation radar.

[0130] 1) Antenna materials and structures

[0131] Dielectric substrate:

[0132] Middle: F4BME217 dielectric substrate, suitable for microwave and millimeter wave frequency bands.

[0133] Both sides: FR4 dielectric substrate to improve the gain and directivity of low-frequency signals.

[0134] Radiant patch:

[0135] The upper and lower radiation patches are composed of areas surrounded by exponential curves, which are combined with resistors and microstrip lines to achieve wide-band coverage.

[0136] resistance:

[0137] Use 50Ω and 50Ω combination resistors to optimize broadband impedance matching.

[0138] Microstrip feed line:

[0139] Four microstrip lines with gradually increasing widths are used, and the feeding impedance is 50Ω.

[0140] 2) Performance characteristics

[0141] Working frequency band: 0.84GHz to 8.77GHz, covering the typical radar band.

[0142] Scanning angle: ±45°, enabling accurate scanning over a large coverage area.

[0143] Standing wave ratio: less than 2.0 when not scanning, less than 3.0 when ±45° scanning, with excellent matching performance.

[0144] Gain: The high-frequency band gain reaches 25dB, meeting the requirements for radar target echo reception.

[0145] Combined with radar systems, target positioning accuracy and spatial resolution are verified in the test field.

[0146] Simulate a scenario where the target moves quickly to verify the scanning speed and angle response performance of the antenna.

[0147] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion can be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portion can be stored in a memory and executed by an appropriate instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or dedicated design hardware. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned devices and methods can be implemented using computer executable instructions and / or contained in a processor control code, such as a carrier medium such as a disk, CD or DVD-ROM, a programmable memory such as a read-only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier. Such code is provided on the carrier medium. The device and its modules of the present invention can be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large-scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, etc., or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., can also be implemented by software executed by various types of processors, and can also be implemented by a combination of the above-mentioned hardware circuits and software, such as firmware.

[0148] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna, characterized in that: include: One F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle and two FR4 dielectric substrates on both sides; The four front and rear radiation patches are fixed on the upper and lower sides of the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate respectively; Four microstrip feed lines of gradually increasing width are connected to the upper and lower radiation patches on the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate; Two resistors are connected to the upper and lower radiation patches of the F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle of the front and rear sides respectively. Among them, the front and rear radiation patches are symmetrical about the central mirror point, and the outer dimensions of the antenna unit are 17.6mm×17.6mm×88mm.

2. The airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The antenna is an antipodal Vivaldi antenna, and the lower radiation patch of the F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle of the front and rear sides is surrounded by an exponential curve and is the main radiation area of ​​the antenna.

3. The airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four sections of microstrip feed lines with gradually increasing widths are used to realize the ultra-wideband function of the antenna, the input ends of which are connected to the antenna feed port, and the output ends are respectively connected to the center points of the upper and lower radiation patches.

4. The airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two double-sided FR4 dielectric substrates are used to improve low-frequency gain and reduce standing wave ratio, and the thickness thereof is 0.8 mm.

5. The airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistor is connected between the upper and lower radiation patches, and has a resistance of 50Ω, and is used to improve the bandwidth performance and reduce the size of the antenna.

6. The airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angular scanning phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planar array antenna composed of the antennas is arranged in an 8×16 array, and the array dimensions are 281.6 mm×140.6 mm×88 mm, for achieving wide-angle scanning capability.

7. A method for realizing broadband communication using an airborne ultra-wide bandwidth angle scanning phased array antenna, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Preparation of antenna unit: The antenna unit is formed by combining a F4BME217 dielectric substrate in the middle and two FR4 dielectric substrates on both sides; Install the radiation patch: fix the front and rear four radiation patches on the upper and lower sides of the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate respectively, and the front and rear radiation patches are symmetrical about the central mirror point; Connecting feed lines: Connect the center points of the upper and lower radiating patches to the antenna feed port through four microstrip feed lines with gradually increasing widths to achieve wideband performance; Resistor loading: Connect two resistors between the upper and lower radiating patches to increase antenna bandwidth and reduce size. Assemble the antenna array: Arrange the antenna units in an 8×16 array to form a planar array antenna to optimize wide-angle scanning capabilities.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The installation method of the radiation patch includes designing the lower radiation patch as an exponential curve enclosing area and installing it corresponding to the upper rectangular radiation patch to optimize the radiation performance.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The widths of the four sections of microstrip feed lines gradually increase to improve signal transmission performance, wherein the input end is connected to the antenna feed port, and the output end is respectively connected to the center points of the upper and lower radiation patches.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The double-sided FR4 dielectric substrate is installed by bonding with the middle F4BME217 dielectric substrate to enhance low-frequency gain and improve standing wave ratio performance.

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