Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation and Resource Scheduling Method in 5G Network

Abstract

The present invention is based on a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network, which includes: S1, the base station collects service requests, network loads, and channel information of 5G network user equipment, and classifies the services into real-time services, big data services, critical services, and regular services; S2, the real-time services calculate the bandwidth using deep learning; the big data services are allocated according to the proportion of idle bandwidth and data volume; the critical services are allocated bandwidth for primary and backup links; the regular services are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis; S3, the base station uses multi-carrier and dynamic sub-carrier algorithms to map bandwidth resources, and combines beamforming technology to optimize signal transmission; S4, processes service data according to the priority scheduling queue, and adjusts the coding method according to the channel quality to verify signal transmission; S5, updates data according to user feedback and evaluates the effect, and re-optimizes the scheduling strategy as needed. The present invention realizes the efficient, flexible, and reliable transmission of different types of services through intelligent dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling, improving network resource utilization and service quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of 5G network bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling, and particularly to a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on 5G network. Background Art

[0002] With the popularization of 5G networks and the growing demand for emerging applications such as the Internet of Things, intelligent transportation, and telemedicine, users' requirements for network bandwidth and service quality are increasing day by day. Existing 4G networks and previous communication technologies are unable to cope when faced with a large number of connected devices and diverse service requirements, especially in terms of real-time performance, large data transmission, and critical task guarantee. Therefore, in order to meet the high requirements in the future network environment, a technical solution that can dynamically adapt to different service requirements and efficiently allocate resources is urgently needed.

[0003] Most traditional bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling methods are based on static or semi-static strategies, that is, fixed bandwidth allocation rules are set at the initial stage of network deployment and only slightly adjusted during subsequent operation. The advantage of this method is that it is simple to implement and easy to manage, but it cannot flexibly respond to the rapid changes in network load and the different demands of different types of services (such as video streaming, online games, autonomous driving, etc.) for network performance. In addition, traditional methods lack a real-time monitoring and response mechanism for network status, resulting in low resource utilization and poor user experience.

[0004] Existing technologies have begun to introduce some improvement measures, such as using predefined priority queues to handle different service types, or using simple feedback mechanisms for bandwidth fine-tuning. However, these methods are still limited by the pre-set parameters, fail to make full use of the large bandwidth and low latency characteristics of 5G networks, and cannot accurately predict and meet the traffic peak demands within a specific time period. More importantly, when encountering emergencies such as network congestion or partial node failures, existing technologies often have difficulty making effective responses quickly to ensure service quality.

[0005] The present invention proposes a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on 5G network, which overcomes the deficiencies in the above-mentioned existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on 5G network of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. The base station obtains the service request information of all user devices within the coverage of the 5G network; monitors the overall load status of the current 5G network, the channel idle rate and interference level information of each frequency band; classifies the services into real-time services, big data services, critical services, and regular services according to the obtained information;

[0008] S2. For the real-time services, analyze the traffic fluctuation pattern through deep learning algorithms, and calculate the bandwidth resources required for the lowest latency requirement in combination with network load and channel conditions; for the big data services, allocate bandwidth resources proportionally according to the total amount of idle network bandwidth and the data volume ratio of each big data service request; for the critical services, adopt the primary and backup link method. While allocating the basic bandwidth on the primary link, reserve redundant bandwidth on the backup link; for the regular services, allocate them in the remaining idle bandwidth resources according to the first-come, first-served principle.

[0009] S3. The base station, based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithms, maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and sub-carriers, optimizes the signal transmission direction and power through beamforming technology according to the location information and channel quality status of the user equipment, so that the user equipment receives the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources; at the same time, establish a priority scheduling queue, and arrange different types of services into the queue in turn according to their priorities and urgencies.

[0010] S4. According to the order of the priority scheduling queue, the base station sequentially retrieves service data from the head of the queue, and adjusts the modulation and coding method in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment, verifies data transmission through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, and monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service.

[0011] S5. After all user equipment receives the service data, it feeds back confirmation information, the integrity status of data reception, and the current channel quality measurement report to the base station; the base station updates the service transmission records and channel quality historical data of all user equipment according to the feedback information of all user equipment, and evaluates the effect of this bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling; if it is found that there is a large deviation between the actual transmission performance of the service and the expected service quality requirements, or there is local congestion or resource idleness in the network, re-execute steps S1 - S4 to optimize and adjust the bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling strategy to adapt to the dynamic changes of the network and the diverse needs of services.

[0012] Preferably, the initial service classification is based on latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements, and general requirements; the initial service classification is carried out by classifying latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements, and general requirements; among the initial service classification, services sensitive to latency are classified as real-time services, services with high bandwidth requirements are classified as big data services, services with high reliability requirements are classified as critical services, and services with general requirements are regular services.

[0013] Preferably, in S2, by obtaining the traffic data sequence of the real-time service in the past time periods , training through a long short-term memory network, and the model after training predicts the traffic sequence in the future time periods as ; The base station monitors in real time that the total available bandwidth resource of the current network is and the signal-to-noise ratio, and calculates the effective transmission rate of each channel , represents different channels, and the formula is: , where is the channel bandwidth, is the th channel signal-to-noise ratio, is the noise power spectral density; the real-time service is classified according to the sensitivity to delay, and the reserved bandwidth resource is calculated to obtain the lowest delay requirement, and the formula is: , where is the number of available channels, is the redundancy coefficient.

[0014] Preferably, in S2, the big data service allocates bandwidth resources proportionally according to the total idle bandwidth of the network and the proportion of the data volume requested by the data service. The base station statistically monitors the total idle bandwidth of the 5G network in real time , obtains the data service request volume , , calculates the initially allocated bandwidth resource , and the formula is: , where is the th data service request volume; a bandwidth adjustment threshold is set, and when the service transmission progress reaches a set ratio or the network idle bandwidth changes, the bandwidth is reallocated.

[0015] Preferably, in S2, the critical service adopts the main and standby link method. The main link in the main and standby links is allocated the basic bandwidth according to the basic traffic demand of the critical service and the conventional service quality standard; the standby link in the main and standby links is a reliable backup established to cope with network emergencies, and a proportion of redundant bandwidth is preset according to the importance of the critical service; while the basic bandwidth is allocated to the main link, a proportion of redundant bandwidth is reserved for the standby link, and the redundant bandwidth ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the network stability. The stability dynamics is through the real-time monitoring of the packet loss rate, delay, and channel signal-to-noise ratio stability indicators. When it is found that the network shows unstable signs, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is started to increase the redundant bandwidth ratio of the standby link. On the contrary, if the network is stable for a long time, the redundant bandwidth ratio is reduced.

[0016] Preferably, for the conventional services, they are allocated among the remaining idle bandwidth resources according to the first-come, first-served principle; after the base station completes the bandwidth allocation for real-time services, big data services, and critical services, it calculates the remaining idle bandwidth resources. When multiple conventional service requests arrive, they are processed according to the first-come, first-served principle; for the conventional services, by sending a service request to the base station, the base station will record its request time, then record other conventional service requests, and queue them up in the order of arrival; for the allocated bandwidth of the conventional services, the base station sequentially allocates bandwidth to the conventional services at the front of the queue from the remaining idle bandwidth resources. Initially, the remaining idle bandwidth is , and the requested bandwidth of the conventional service is . If , then bandwidth is allocated to the conventional service, and then the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to . The , and the next conventional service in the processing queue is processed, and so on, until the remaining idle bandwidth cannot meet the requirements of the next conventional service or all conventional services have been allocated bandwidth, to allocate bandwidth resources for the conventional services.

[0017] Preferably, in S3, the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm; the base station divides the carrier resources in the 5G network into multiple carrier sets through multi-carrier technology, and a large number of mutually orthogonal sub-carriers are divided on each carrier set according to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology; the base station maps using the dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm according to the amount of bandwidth resources allocated to various services, combined with the available bandwidth and transmission performance of carriers and sub-carriers;

[0018] The dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm maps the allocated bandwidth resources to sub-carriers by evaluating the channel state of each sub-carrier in the network, measuring the signal-to-noise ratio and fading characteristics of each sub-carrier to determine the transmission quality; for the real-time services with high requirements for transmission quality, sub-carriers with excellent channel quality and less interference are preferentially selected for allocation.

[0019] Preferably, in S3, a priority scheduling queue is established, and different types of services are queued in order of their priorities and urgencies; the base station determines the priority rules for various services. Real-time services are given the highest priority due to their extremely high requirements for latency; critical services are at the second-highest priority due to their importance and requirements for reliability; big data services are ranked behind according to the size of their data volume and urgent transmission requirements; conventional services have the relatively lowest priority; the establishment of the priority scheduling queue is achieved by setting multiple priority queue levels in the base station. When a service request arrives, the base station quickly identifies the service type and classifies it into the corresponding priority queue according to the pre-set priority judgment criteria.

[0020] Preferably, in S4, the modulation and coding scheme is adjusted in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment; when the channel quality is good, a high-order modulation and coding scheme is adopted to improve the transmission rate, and when the channel quality is poor, the modulation and coding order is reduced; the base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding scheme by continuously monitoring the channel quality information of the user equipment. When the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the set high-quality threshold, a high-order modulation and coding scheme is adopted to improve the transmission rate; when the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the low-quality threshold, the base station quickly switches to a low-order modulation and coding scheme.

[0021] Preferably, in S4, the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism is used to ensure the accurate transmission of data. The hybrid automatic repeat request sends data from the base station to the user equipment, checks the received data, and sends an acknowledgement message or a negative acknowledgement message to the base station through the feedback channel; if the base station receives the acknowledgement message, it indicates that the data transmission is successful and subsequent data can be sent continuously; if the negative acknowledgement message is received, the retransmission process is immediately triggered;

[0022] The retransmission process is carried out according to the pre-set retransmission strategy, and the bandwidth resource allocation and coding scheme for transmission are dynamically adjusted according to the number of times of the retransmission strategy.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present application has the following technical effects:

[0024] In the present invention, services are initially classified into real-time services, big data services, critical services and regular services, and specific resource allocation strategies are adopted for different types of services, solving the problem that the traditional bandwidth allocation method cannot flexibly adapt to diverse service requirements; for real-time services sensitive to delay, this solution uses a deep learning algorithm to analyze the traffic fluctuation law and dynamically reserve bandwidth resources to meet the minimum delay requirements; for big data services, bandwidth resources are allocated proportionally according to the total amount of idle network bandwidth; critical services use primary and backup links to ensure high reliability; while regular services are allocated in the remaining idle bandwidth according to the first-come-first-served principle. This not only improves resource utilization, but also ensures the service quality of various services, realizing more accurate and efficient bandwidth allocation.

[0025] In the present invention, the long short-term memory network (LSTM) is used to train real-time services to predict the traffic sequence in the future time period, and the effective transmission rate of each channel is calculated by combining the total amount of available network bandwidth resources and the signal-to-noise ratio at present, solving the problem of unstable service quality caused by large traffic changes of real-time services in different time periods. By predicting the traffic trend in advance and reasonably planning bandwidth resources, this solution can maximize the utilization of existing network resources while ensuring low latency of real-time services, avoiding resource waste caused by insufficient or excessive bandwidth, thereby improving the satisfaction of users with the experience of real-time services.

[0026] The present invention solves the risk of key service interruption in case of network emergencies by establishing a primary and backup link mechanism for key services. While allocating basic bandwidth on the primary link, redundant bandwidth is reserved on the backup link, and the redundant bandwidth ratio is dynamically adjusted according to network stability. This solution can continuously monitor stability indicators such as packet loss rate and latency, and can increase the redundant bandwidth of the backup link in a timely manner when early signs of network instability are detected, and vice versa, reduce the redundant bandwidth ratio, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing resource utilization. This not only enhances the reliability and continuity of key services, but also reduces unnecessary resource occupancy, ensuring that key services can maintain a high-quality service level even under poor network conditions.

[0027] The present invention solves the problems of inflexible carrier resource allocation and inappropriate handling of different types of services in traditional 5G networks by introducing multi-carrier technology and dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithms, and establishing a priority scheduling queue. The base station can divide multiple carrier sets based on multi-carrier technology and further subdivide them into a large number of mutually orthogonal sub-carriers, and then map the bandwidth resources to the most suitable sub-carriers according to the channel state evaluation results of each sub-carrier. At the same time, according to the priority and urgency of different services, they are arranged in the scheduling queue in turn to ensure that high-priority services such as real-time services are processed first. This method greatly improves the allocation efficiency of network resources and service quality, enabling multiple types of services to coexist harmoniously and without affecting each other in the same network environment, thus providing a better user experience.

[0028] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to be able to understand the technical means of this application more clearly, so as to be implemented in accordance with the content of the specification, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following takes the preferred embodiments of this application and combines them with the drawings to describe in detail as follows.

[0029] Those skilled in the art will understand the above and other purposes, advantages and features of this application more clearly according to the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of this application in conjunction with the drawings. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of this application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to actual scale.

[0031] Figure 1This is a flowchart of the dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on the 5G network in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on the 5G network in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a scheduling diagram of the dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method based on the 5G network in the present invention. Specific embodiments

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application. Apparently, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of this application. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided only to assist in a comprehensive understanding of the embodiments of this application. Therefore, those skilled in the art should clearly understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. Additionally, descriptions of known functions and structures are omitted for clarity and conciseness in the embodiments.

[0035] It should be understood that the term "one embodiment" or "this embodiment" mentioned throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, the appearances of the term "one embodiment" or "this embodiment" throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in one or more embodiments in any suitable manner.

[0036] In addition, this application may repeat reference numerals and / or letters in different examples. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not in itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0037] The term "and / or" in this document is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" in this document describes another association relationship of associated objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can represent: A exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0038] The term "at least one" in this document is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, at least one of A and B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone.

[0039] It should also be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] This embodiment mainly describes a dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network, including the following steps:

[0042] S1. The base station obtains the service request information of all user equipment within the 5G network coverage; monitors the overall load status of the current 5G network, the channel idle rate and interference level information of each frequency band; classifies the services into real-time services, big data services, critical services and regular services according to the obtained information;

[0043] S2. For real-time services, analyze the traffic fluctuation law through a deep learning algorithm, and calculate the bandwidth resources with the lowest latency requirement in combination with the network load and channel conditions; for big data services, allocate bandwidth resources proportionally according to the total amount of network idle bandwidth and the data volume ratio of each big data service request; for critical services, adopt the primary and backup link method, while allocating the basic bandwidth on the primary link, reserve redundant bandwidth on the backup link; for regular services, allocate them in the remaining idle bandwidth resources according to the first-come, first-served principle;

[0044] S3. The base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm, optimizes the signal transmission direction and power through beamforming technology according to the location information and channel quality status of the user equipment, so that the user equipment receives the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources; at the same time, establish a priority scheduling queue, and arrange different types of services into the queue in turn according to their priorities and urgencies;

[0045] S4. According to the order of the priority scheduling queue, the base station sequentially extracts service data from the head of the queue, and adjusts the modulation and coding mode in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment, verifies the data transmission through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, and monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service;

[0046] S5. After all user devices receive the service data, they feed back confirmation information, the integrity status of data reception, and the current channel quality measurement report to the base station. The base station updates the service transmission records and channel quality historical data of all user devices according to the feedback information of all user devices, and evaluates the effect of this bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling. If it is found that there is a large deviation between the actual transmission performance of the service and the expected service quality requirements, or there is local congestion or resource idleness in the network, steps S1 - S4 are re - executed to optimize and adjust the bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling strategy to meet the needs of network dynamic changes and service diversification.

[0047] Furthermore, in S1, according to the obtained information, the services are initially classified into real - time services, big - data services, critical services, and regular services. The initial classification of services is carried out by classifying according to delay sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements, and general requirements. In the initial classification of services, services that are delay - sensitive are classified as real - time services, services with high bandwidth requirements are classified as big - data services, services with high reliability requirements are classified as critical services, and services with general requirements are classified as regular services.

[0048] Furthermore, in S2, by obtaining the traffic data sequence of real - time services in the past time periods , training is carried out through a long - short - term memory network. After training, the model predicts that the traffic sequence in the future time periods is . The base station real - time monitors that the total amount of available bandwidth resources in the current network is and the signal - to - noise ratio, calculates the effective transmission rate of each channel , represents different channels, and the formula is: , where is the channel bandwidth, is the signal - to - noise ratio of the th channel, is the noise power spectral density; real - time services are classified according to delay sensitivity. By calculating the reserved bandwidth resource , the minimum delay requirement is obtained, and the formula is: , where is the number of available channels, is the redundancy coefficient; when it is predicted that the traffic of real - time services will increase significantly in the future and the quality of some channels in the current network has decreased to a certain extent, the reserved bandwidth calculated by this formula will increase accordingly to ensure that even under adverse network conditions, real - time services can complete data transmission within the specified minimum delay, thus guaranteeing the service quality of real - time services.

[0049] Further, in S2, the big data service allocates bandwidth resources proportionally according to the total idle bandwidth of the network and the proportion of the data volume requested by the data service. The base station performs real-time statistics on the total idle bandwidth of the 5G network , obtains the data service request volume , , calculates the initial bandwidth resources to be allocated , and the formula is: , where is the th data service request volume; a bandwidth adjustment threshold is set, and the bandwidth is re-allocated when the service transmission progress reaches the set proportion or the idle bandwidth of the network changes;

[0050] During the service transmission process, a bandwidth adjustment threshold is set. For example, when the service transmission progress reaches 50%, the base station will re-evaluate the network condition. If the idle bandwidth of the network at this time increases or decreases by more than 30% compared with the initial allocation (the proportion can be set according to the actual network situation), the bandwidth re-allocation mechanism will be triggered. When re-allocating, the bandwidth resources of each big data service will still be recalculated according to the updated total idle bandwidth of the network and the proportion of the remaining untransmitted data volume, ensuring that the big data service can efficiently and fairly utilize the bandwidth resources and maintain good transmission performance under the dynamic change of network resources.

[0051] Further, in S2, the critical services adopt the primary and backup link method. The primary link in the primary and backup links is allocated the basic bandwidth according to the basic traffic demand of the critical service and the conventional service quality standard; the backup link in the primary and backup links is a reliable backup established to cope with network emergencies, and a redundant bandwidth with a pre-set proportion is reserved according to the importance of the critical service; while the basic bandwidth is allocated to the primary link, a proportion of redundant bandwidth is reserved in the backup link, and the redundant bandwidth proportion is dynamically adjusted according to the network stability. The network stability is dynamically monitored through real-time monitoring of indicators such as packet loss rate, latency, and channel signal-to-noise ratio stability. When signs of network instability are found, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is started to increase the redundant bandwidth proportion of the backup link. On the contrary, if the network is stable for a long time, the redundant bandwidth proportion is reduced;

[0052] During network operation, the network stability indicators are continuously monitored, such as packet loss rate, delay jitter, and fluctuations in channel quality. When the network stability is poor, such as when the packet loss rate exceeds a certain threshold (such as 5%) or the delay jitter amplitude is greater than the set limit value, it indicates that the current network condition is not good. At this time, the redundant bandwidth ratio will be dynamically increased. The redundant bandwidth will be increased according to a certain step size (such as 10% each time) to enhance the guarantee capability of the backup link and ensure the reliable transmission of key services. On the contrary, if the network remains stable for a long time and all indicators are within a good range, after a certain period of observation and evaluation, the redundant bandwidth ratio can be appropriately reduced to release more bandwidth resources for other services, but a minimum redundant bandwidth will always be maintained to cope with sudden network conditions.

[0053] Furthermore, for conventional services, the remaining idle bandwidth resources are allocated on a first-come, first-served basis. After the base station completes bandwidth allocation for real-time services, big data services, and key services, it counts the remaining idle bandwidth resources. When multiple conventional service requests are received, they are processed on a first-come, first-served basis. Conventional services send service requests to the base station, which records the request time and then other conventional service requests, queuing them in the order in which the requests arrive. For the allocation of bandwidth for conventional services, the base station allocates bandwidth to the conventional services at the front of the queue in order from the remaining idle bandwidth resources. Initially, the remaining idle bandwidth is , the bandwidth requested by regular services is ,like , bandwidth is allocated to regular services, and then the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to , , and then process the next regular service in the queue, and so on, until the remaining idle bandwidth cannot meet the needs of the next regular service or all regular services have been allocated bandwidth, and bandwidth resources are allocated for regular services.

[0054] Furthermore, in S3, the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm; the base station divides the carrier resources in the 5G network into multiple carrier sets through multi-carrier technology, and divides a large number of mutually orthogonal subcarriers on each carrier set according to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology; the base station uses a dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm for mapping based on the amount of bandwidth resources allocated to various services, combined with the available bandwidth and transmission performance of the carriers and subcarriers;

[0055] The dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithm evaluates the channel status of each subcarrier in the network, measures the signal-to-noise ratio and fading characteristics of each subcarrier to determine the transmission quality, and maps the allocated bandwidth resources to the subcarriers. For real-time services with high transmission quality requirements, subcarriers with good channel quality and less interference are preferentially allocated.

[0056] For the bandwidth resources allocated for real-time services, subcarriers with stable channel quality and low latency are preferentially selected for allocation, and the subcarriers are concentrated on some high-quality frequency bands of the low-frequency carriers; for big data services, due to their large bandwidth requirements, more continuous subcarriers will be allocated on the high-frequency carriers to meet their transmission requirements; through the above methods, the bandwidth resources of different services are reasonably and efficiently mapped to the corresponding carriers and subcarriers, giving full play to the resource advantages of multi-carriers and subcarriers in the 5G network and achieving high-quality transmission of various services.

[0057] Furthermore, in S3, a priority scheduling queue is established, and different types of services are queued in sequence according to their priorities and urgencies; the base station determines the priority rules for various services. Real-time services are given the highest priority because of their extremely high latency requirements; critical services are at the second highest priority due to their importance and requirements for reliability; big data services are ranked behind according to the size of their data volume and urgent transmission requirements; regular services have the relatively lowest priority; the establishment of the priority scheduling queue is achieved by setting multiple priority queue levels in the base station. When a service request arrives, the base station quickly identifies the service type and classifies it into the corresponding priority queue according to the pre-set priority judgment criteria.

[0058] Furthermore, in S4, the modulation and coding scheme is adjusted in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment; a high-order modulation and coding scheme is adopted to improve the transmission rate when the channel quality is good, and the modulation and coding order is reduced when the channel quality is poor; the base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding scheme by continuously monitoring the channel quality information of the user equipment. When the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the set high-quality threshold, a high-order modulation and coding scheme is adopted to improve the transmission rate; when the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the low-quality threshold, the base station quickly switches to a low-order modulation and coding scheme.

[0059] Furthermore, in S4, the accurate transmission of data is ensured through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism. The hybrid automatic repeat request sends data from the base station to the user equipment and checks the received data, and sends an acknowledgement message or a negative acknowledgement message to the base station through the feedback channel; if the base station receives the acknowledgement message, it indicates that the data transmission is successful and subsequent data can be sent continuously; if the negative acknowledgement message is received, the retransmission process is immediately triggered;

[0060] The retransmission process performs retransmission according to the pre-set retransmission strategy, and dynamically adjusts the allocation of bandwidth resources and the coding scheme for transmission according to the number of times of the retransmission strategy;

[0061] When performing the first retransmission, if the channel quality assessment is still within an acceptable range, a certain percentage (e.g., 10%) of the bandwidth resources is increased for retransmitting the data, and the original coding method is maintained while increasing the coding redundancy; as the number of retransmissions increases, if the channel quality does not improve, such as after the number of retransmissions reaches 3 times, the bandwidth resource allocation will be significantly increased (by 30% - 50%), and at the same time, it will switch to a lower-order coding method with stronger error correction ability to enhance the coding redundancy and ensure that the data can be accurately transmitted eventually, effectively coping with the complex and changeable 5G network transmission environment.

[0062] In this embodiment, by implementing the intelligent dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method, the contradiction between different types of service requirements and the flexibility of resource allocation in traditional networks is effectively solved. For the different characteristics of real-time services, big data services, critical services, and regular services, advanced means such as using deep learning algorithms to predict traffic, primary and backup link redundancy design, multi-carrier technology, and dynamic sub-carrier allocation are adopted to ensure low latency and high-reliability transmission of high-priority services, while maximizing the utilization efficiency of network resources. In addition, by monitoring the channel quality in real time and adaptively adjusting the modulation and coding method, this solution not only optimizes the data transmission rate but also enhances the network's response ability to sudden situations, thus significantly improving the overall service quality and user experience.

[0063] Embodiment 2

[0064] Based on Embodiment 1, this embodiment details how the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and sub-carriers through multi-carrier technology and dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithms, specifically including:

[0065] The base station evaluates the available carrier resources. If the available carrier set is , each carrier has different frequency band characteristics and transmission capabilities. For the already allocated bandwidth resources , they are mapped to the carriers; let the bandwidth allocated to carrier be , and the bandwidth ratio allocated to each carrier can be determined through the formula , where is the bandwidth of carrier , is the bandwidth of carrier , and then it is subdivided in combination with the dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm.

[0066] In terms of dynamic sub-carrier allocation, sub-carriers, as the subdivision units of carriers, can divide multiple mutually orthogonal sub-carrier sets on each carrier . The channel quality of each sub-carrier is evaluated, and represents the sub-carrier The channel quality indicator, for the carrier allocated Bandwidth , is proportionally allocated according to the channel quality of subcarriers. For example, for subcarrier Allocated bandwidth Can be calculated by the formula to ensure that high-quality subcarriers can carry more service data.

[0067] Based on the location information and channel quality status of the user equipment, the base station obtains the location coordinates of the user equipment and measures the channel quality parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio and signal strength, to calculate the optimal beam direction and power, so that the signal energy is concentrated on the target user equipment, enhancing the signal reception effect and ensuring that the user equipment can successfully receive the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources.

[0068] When establishing the priority scheduling queue, the base station sorts according to the priority and urgency of the service type. Real-time services have extremely strict requirements for latency, and their priority Is set to the highest level, such as ; Critical services are next, with the priority set to 4; Big data services are assigned priorities according to their data volume and urgency , with values ranging from 2 to 3; Regular services have the lowest priority Set to 1; When there is a service request, the services are queued in order from highest to lowest priority, and services with the same priority are arranged in the order of request time, ensuring that high-priority and urgent services can obtain processing and transmission resources first.

[0069] This embodiment details the coordinated operation of the above multi-carrier and dynamic sub-carrier allocation, beamforming technology, and priority scheduling queue, achieving significant technical effects in 5G network dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling. In terms of bandwidth allocation, the fine allocation of multi-carriers and sub-carriers makes full use of the network spectrum resources, improves the resource utilization rate, and ensures that various services can obtain bandwidth as needed; The beamforming technology effectively overcomes the problems of interference and attenuation in signal transmission, enhances the signal strength and stability, enables the user equipment to reliably receive the signal, reduces the transmission error rate and interruption risk; The priority scheduling queue ensures the efficient processing of real-time and critical services, reduces the service transmission delay, optimizes the 5G network performance as a whole, improves the user experience, meets the network service quality requirements in diverse service scenarios, and strongly promotes the wide application and efficient operation of 5G networks in various fields.

[0070] Embodiment 3

[0071] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 and details the optimization technology of the base station successively extracting service data from the head of the queue according to the priority scheduling queue order and dynamically adjusting the modulation and coding method in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment, specifically including:

[0072] The base station first focuses on the service data at the head of the queue because it represents the service requirements with higher priority or urgency. Let the service data queue be represented as , where is located at the head of the queue; the base station will preferentially extract for processing to ensure that high-priority services can obtain transmission resources in a timely manner and reduce their waiting time. This is crucial for services sensitive to time delay, ensuring the smoothness and immediacy of these services.

[0073] When processing service data, the base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding method closely based on the channel quality of the user equipment. For the channel quality of the user equipment, it is quantitatively evaluated by measuring its signal-to-noise ratio. Let the current signal-to-noise ratio of the user equipment be . When is higher than the set high-quality threshold (such as 30 dB), the base station adopts a high-order modulation method, such as (256QAM) or even a higher-order modulation scheme, to make full use of the good channel conditions to improve the data transmission rate. At this time, the coding method can select the relatively efficient low-density parity-check code (LDPC) to reduce the coding overhead while ensuring a certain error correction ability. And when is lower than the set low threshold (such as 10 dB), the base station switches to a low-order modulation method to enhance the anti-interference ability. At the same time, the coding method is adjusted to the Turbo code with stronger error correction ability and the coding redundancy is increased to ensure the reliable transmission of data in a harsh channel environment.

[0074] After the base station sends data to all devices, all devices will perform integrity verification on the received data and feedback an acknowledgment message (ACK) or a negative acknowledgment message (NACK) to the base station; if the base station receives an ACK, it indicates that the data transmission is successful and it can continue to send subsequent data; if it receives a NACK, it immediately starts the retransmission process. Let the number of retransmissions be . For the first retransmission ( ), the base station increases the transmission power of the retransmitted data , for example, according to the formula (where is the original transmission power, is the power adjustment coefficient set according to the channel condition, such as 0.1), to improve the reception success rate of the retransmitted data, and at the same time maintain the original modulation and coding method but slightly increase the coding redundancy; as the number of retransmissions increases, if the channel quality does not improve, when When this happens, the base station will significantly increase the transmission power (such as , and at the same time switch to a lower-order modulation and coding method to further increase the coding redundancy, ensuring that data can finally be accurately transmitted to all devices, effectively reducing the bit error rate and packet loss rate of data transmission.

[0075] The base station continuously monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service. For the network load, by counting the amount of service data being transmitted in the current network and the available network bandwidth resources , the network load rate is calculated . When exceeds a certain set high-load threshold , the base station will initiate a congestion control mechanism, such as restricting the transmission rate of low-priority services. Let the original transmission rate of low-priority services be , and the formula is: (where is the rate adjustment coefficient set according to the congestion degree, such as 0.2), is the adjusted rate; by reducing the transmission rate, the transmission quality of high-priority services is preferentially guaranteed; at the same time, for the transmission status of each service, the base station records the metrics of the transmission delay and throughput of each service. If it is found that the transmission performance of a certain service is significantly lower than the expected standard (such as the delay of real-time services exceeding the maximum allowable delay), the base station will re-evaluate the priority and resource allocation of this service, temporarily raise its priority, and adjust its bandwidth resource allocation and modulation and coding method to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the entire network and the service quality of various services meet the requirements.

[0076] This embodiment processes service data according to the priority scheduling queue, ensuring the immediate response of high-priority services, and greatly improving the reliability and smoothness of application scenarios with extremely high real-time requirements such as remote medical treatment and autonomous driving. Based on the dynamic adjustment of the modulation and coding method according to the channel quality of the user equipment and the effective operation of the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, data transmission can flexibly adapt to complex and changing channel environments, fully utilize channel resources while ensuring transmission reliability, effectively reducing the bit error rate and the number of retransmissions, and improving the overall transmission efficiency. Continuously monitoring the network load and service transmission status and taking corresponding measures not only avoids network congestion and ensures network stability, but also can dynamically optimize resource allocation according to the actual situation to ensure that various services can obtain appropriate service quality under different network conditions, thereby comprehensively improving the performance and user experience of the 5G network and strongly promoting the wide application and in-depth development of 5G technology in various fields.

[0077] Embodiment 4

[0078] This embodiment is based on Embodiment 1 and details the specific implementation of the dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in the 5G network.

[0079] Suppose a large intelligent factory park has deployed a 5G network. There are a large number of user equipment (UE) such as industrial devices, surveillance cameras, and office terminals in the park. The service data generated by these devices needs to be transmitted through the 5G network.

[0080] During a certain period, the base station collects the service request information of all devices in the park. Among them, 50 industrial automation control devices generate real-time service requests. These devices need to feedback various status information on the production line to the control center in real time and have extremely high requirements for latency. For example, for the precise operation instruction feedback of the robotic arm, the latency must be controlled within 1 millisecond. By analyzing the traffic data sequence of these real-time services in the past 100 periods and training with a long short-term memory network, the traffic fluctuation situation in the next 20 periods is predicted. At the same time, the base station monitors that the total available bandwidth resource of the current network is 1000 Mbps, and the signal-to-noise ratio of each channel is between 20 dB and 40 dB. The effective transmission rate of each channel is calculated according to the formula. Assuming the average effective transmission rate is 50 Mbps and combining with a redundancy factor of 0.2, the bandwidth resource reserved for real-time services is calculated according to the formula as 300 Mbps, ensuring the low-latency transmission of these real-time services. In actual operation, the instruction transmission latency of these industrial automation control devices always remains within 0.8 milliseconds, meeting the production requirements.

[0081] Another 30 high-definition surveillance cameras generate big data service requests. Each camera generates approximately 2 GB of video data per hour. The base station statistics show that the total idle bandwidth of the 5G network at this time is 400 Mbps. The initial bandwidth resource allocated to each surveillance camera is calculated according to the data volume ratio of each big data service request. For example, one of the cameras is allocated a bandwidth of 20 Mbps. During the data transmission process, when the service transmission progress reaches 60%, due to the reduction of the UE traffic volume in some areas, the network idle bandwidth increases by 200 Mbps, triggering the bandwidth reallocation mechanism. The bandwidth resource of this camera is adjusted to 30 Mbps, enabling the video data to be transmitted to the surveillance center quickly and stably. The smoothness of the surveillance video is improved from occasional stuttering to almost no stuttering, effectively ensuring the security surveillance of the park.

[0082] Meanwhile, there are 10 key business devices, such as the remote diagnosis system of core production equipment, which adopt the primary and backup link mode. The primary link is allocated a basic bandwidth of 100 Mbps according to its basic traffic demand and service quality standard, and the backup link reserves 40% redundant bandwidth, that is, 40 Mbps, according to its importance. During the network operation, at a certain moment, the network has a short-term interference, and the packet loss rate rises to 8%, exceeding the set threshold of 5%. The system immediately starts the dynamic adjustment mechanism, increases the redundant bandwidth ratio of the backup link to 60%, that is, 60 Mbps, ensures the reliable transmission of remote diagnosis data, avoids diagnostic errors caused by network fluctuations, and guarantees the normal operation of core production equipment.

[0083] The remaining 200 office terminals generate regular business requests, such as file downloads, email sending, etc. After the base station completes the bandwidth allocation for the above services, the remaining idle bandwidth is 260 Mbps. When an office terminal sends a business request to the base station, it queues up according to the first-come, first-served principle. For example, the first office terminal requests to download a 100 MB file, and the required bandwidth is 15 Mbps. The base station allocates bandwidth for it from the remaining idle bandwidth. After the download is completed, the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to 245 Mbps, and the business requests of subsequent office terminals are processed in turn, ensuring the orderly progress of office operations and improving office efficiency.

[0084] In the data transmission stage, the base station performs resource mapping based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm. For example, for real-time services, sub-carriers with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 35 dB and less interference are preferentially selected for allocation. These sub-carriers are concentrated in the high-quality frequency bands of the low-frequency band, ensuring the transmission quality of real-time services. At the same time, a priority scheduling queue is established, and real-time services are ranked at the head of the highest-priority queue to ensure priority processing. During the transmission process, the base station continuously monitors the channel quality of the UE. When the channel quality of a certain industrial automation control device is good and the signal-to-noise ratio reaches 38 dB, the 256QAM high-order modulation and coding method is adopted, and the data transmission rate reaches 50 Mbps, efficiently transmitting data; while when an office terminal is in the network edge area and the channel quality is poor, with a signal-to-noise ratio of only 8 dB, the base station quickly switches to the QPSK low-order modulation and coding method. Although the transmission rate is reduced to 10 Mbps, it ensures the reliable transmission of data.

[0085] Through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, if an error occurs in the data block received by a certain monitoring camera, the base station immediately retransmits after receiving the negative acknowledgment message. When retransmitting for the first time, 10% more bandwidth resources are added for retransmission, and the original coding method is maintained but the coding redundancy is increased, and the retransmission is successful. As the network load and service transmission status change, the base station continuously monitors. When the network load rate reaches 80% (the set high-load threshold), the base station restricts the transmission rate of regular services. For example, it reduces the transmission rate of an office terminal that is downloading a file by 20% to give priority to ensuring the transmission quality of high-priority services.

[0086] Through the above actual application cases in the intelligent factory park, this embodiment fully demonstrates the excellent technical effects of this application in 5G network dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling, and can effectively meet the requirements of different service types and ensure the efficient and stable operation of the network.

[0087] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications; all changes, modifications, substitutions, integrations, and parameter changes made to these embodiments by conventional substitutions or capable of achieving the same functions without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. The base station obtains the service request information of all user devices within the 5G network coverage; monitors the overall load status of the current 5G network, the channel idle rate and interference level information of each frequency band; classifies the services into real-time services, big data services, critical services and regular services according to the obtained information. S2. For the real-time services, analyze the traffic fluctuation law through deep learning algorithms, and calculate the bandwidth resources with the lowest latency requirement in combination with the network load and channel conditions; for the big data services, allocate bandwidth resources proportionally according to the total idle network bandwidth and the data volume ratio of each big data service request; for the critical services, adopt the primary and backup link method, while allocating the basic bandwidth on the primary link, reserve redundant bandwidth on the backup link; for the regular services, allocate them in the remaining idle bandwidth resources according to the first-come, first-served principle. S3. The base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic subcarrier allocation algorithms, optimizes the signal transmission direction and power through beamforming technology according to the location information and channel quality status of the user device, so that the user device receives the signal corresponding to the allocated bandwidth resources; at the same time, establish a priority scheduling queue, and arrange different types of services into the queue in sequence according to their priorities and urgencies. S4. According to the order of the priority scheduling queue, the base station sequentially extracts service data from the head of the queue, and adjusts the modulation and coding method in real time according to the channel quality of the user device, verifies the data transmission through the hybrid automatic repeat request mechanism, and monitors the network load and the transmission status of each service. S5. After all user devices receive the service data, they feedback confirmation information, the integrity status of data reception and the current channel quality measurement report to the base station; the base station updates the service transmission records and channel quality historical data of all user devices according to the feedback information of all user devices, and evaluates the effect of this bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling; if it is found that there is a large deviation between the actual transmission performance of the service and the expected quality of service requirements, or there is local congestion or resource idleness in the network, re-execute steps S1 - S4 to optimize and adjust the bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling strategy to adapt to the dynamic changes of the network and the diverse needs of services.

2. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network according to claim 1, wherein The initial service classification is carried out according to latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements and general requirements; the initial service classification is carried out by classifying latency sensitivity, bandwidth requirements, reliability requirements and general requirements; among the initial service classification, the services sensitive to latency are classified as real-time services, the services with high bandwidth requirements are classified as big data services, the services with high reliability requirements are classified as critical services, and the services with general requirements are regular services.

3. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in the 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In S2, by obtaining the traffic data sequence of the real-time service in the past time periods , training through a long short-term memory network, and the traffic sequence in the future time periods is predicted by the trained model as ; The base station monitors the total available bandwidth resources of the current network in real time as and the signal-to-noise ratio, and calculates the effective transmission rate of each channel , represents different channels, and the formula is: , where is the channel bandwidth, is the signal-to-noise ratio of the th channel, is the noise power spectral density; The real-time service is classified as sensitive to delay, and the minimum delay requirement is obtained by calculating the reserved bandwidth resource , and the formula is: , where is the number of available channels, is the redundancy coefficient.

4. The method for dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling in a 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In S2, the big data service allocates bandwidth resources proportionally according to the total idle bandwidth of the network and the proportion of the data volume requested by the data service. The base station performs real-time statistics on the total idle bandwidth of the 5G network , obtains the data service request volume , , calculates the initial bandwidth resources to be allocated , and the formula is: , where is the th data service request volume; a bandwidth adjustment threshold is set, and the bandwidth is reallocated when the service transmission progress reaches a set proportion or the network idle bandwidth changes.

5. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, In S2, the key services adopt the primary and backup link mode. The primary link in the primary and backup links is allocated with basic bandwidth according to the basic traffic demand of the key services and the conventional service quality standard. The backup link in the primary and backup links is a reliable backup established to cope with network emergencies, and redundant bandwidth with a pre-set ratio is reserved according to the importance of the key services. While allocating the basic bandwidth for the primary link, a certain ratio of redundant bandwidth is reserved for the backup link, and the redundant bandwidth ratio is dynamically adjusted according to the network stability. The network stability is dynamically monitored through real-time monitoring of stability indicators such as packet loss rate, latency, and channel signal-to-noise ratio. When signs of network instability are detected, the dynamic adjustment mechanism is activated to increase the redundant bandwidth ratio of the backup link. Conversely, if the network is stable for a long time, the redundant bandwidth ratio is reduced.

6. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in the 5G network according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that For the said regular services, they are allocated among the remaining idle bandwidth resources according to the first-come, first-served principle; after the base station has completed the bandwidth allocation for real-time services, big data services, and critical services, it calculates the remaining idle bandwidth resources. When multiple regular service requests arrive for access, they are processed according to the first-come, first-served principle; the regular services send service requests to the base station, which records their request times, then records other regular service requests, and queues them in the order of arrival; for the allocated bandwidth of the regular services, the base station allocates bandwidth to the regular services at the front of the queue in sequence from the remaining idle bandwidth resources. Initially, the remaining idle bandwidth is , the bandwidth requested by the regular service is , if , then bandwidth is allocated to the regular service, and then the remaining idle bandwidth is updated to , the , and the next regular service in the processing queue is processed, and so on, until the remaining idle bandwidth cannot meet the requirements of the next regular service or all regular services have been allocated bandwidth, to allocate bandwidth resources for the regular services.

7. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in a 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, the base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to carriers and subcarriers based on multi-carrier technology and dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm. The base station divides the carrier resources in the 5G network into multiple carrier sets through multi-carrier technology, and a large number of mutually orthogonal sub-carriers are divided on each carrier set according to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing technology. The base station maps the allocated bandwidth resources to sub-carriers by using the dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm in combination with the available bandwidth and transmission performance of carriers and sub-carriers. The dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm maps the allocated bandwidth resources to sub-carriers by evaluating the channel state of each sub-carrier in the network, measuring the signal-to-noise ratio and fading characteristics of each sub-carrier to determine the transmission quality. For real-time services with high requirements for transmission quality, sub-carriers with good channel quality and less interference are preferentially selected for allocation.

8. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in the 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, a priority scheduling queue is established, and different types of services are arranged in the queue in turn according to their priorities and urgencies. The base station determines the priority rules for various services. Real-time services are given the highest priority because of their extremely high requirements for latency. Key services are at the second highest priority due to their importance and reliability requirements. Big data services are ranked behind according to the size of their data volume and urgent transmission requirements. Conventional services have the relatively lowest priority. The establishment of the priority scheduling queue is achieved by setting multiple priority queue levels in the base station. When a service request arrives, the base station quickly identifies the service type and classifies it into the corresponding priority queue according to the pre-set priority judgment criteria.

9. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in the 5G network according to claim 1, wherein In S4, the modulation and coding mode is adjusted in real time according to the channel quality of the user equipment. When the channel quality is good, a high-order modulation and coding mode is adopted to improve the transmission rate. When the channel quality is poor, the modulation and coding order is reduced. The base station dynamically adjusts the modulation and coding mode by continuously monitoring the channel quality information of the user equipment. When the signal-to-noise ratio is higher than the set high-quality threshold, a high-order modulation and coding mode is adopted to improve the transmission rate. When the signal-to-noise ratio is lower than the low-quality threshold, the base station quickly switches to a low-order modulation and coding mode.

10. The dynamic bandwidth allocation and resource scheduling method in the 5G network according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the accurate transmission of data is ensured through the Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) mechanism. The HARQ sends data from the base station to the user equipment and verifies the received data, and sends an acknowledgment message or a negative acknowledgment message to the base station through the feedback channel. If the base station receives the acknowledgment message, it indicates that the data transmission is successful and subsequent data can be sent continuously. If a negative acknowledgment message is received, the retransmission process is immediately triggered. The retransmission process performs retransmission according to a pre-set retransmission strategy, and dynamically adjusts the allocation of transmission bandwidth resources and the coding method according to the number of times of the retransmission strategy.

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