Preparation method of large-size perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a large-size perovskite solar cell. The preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a hole transport layer on a substrate; 2, moving the substrate to pass through the SAM layer immersion liquid, and immersing the hole transport layer in the SAM layer immersion liquid; 3, annealing the substrate treated in the step 2 to form an SAM layer; 4, preparing a perovskite layer on the SAM layer; step 5, moving the substrate to pass through the passivation layer immersion liquid, immersing the perovskite layer in the passivation layer immersion liquid, taking out the substrate and annealing; step 6, preparing an electron transport layer on the passivation layer; and 7, preparing a back electrode layer on the electron transport layer. According to the technical scheme, through the innovative functional layer liquid immersion method, the uniformity and the covering effect of the functional layer of the perovskite solar cell are improved, the production cost is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic module production, and in particular to a method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell. Background Art

[0002] In the field of perovskite solar cell production, the functional layers of perovskite solar cells, such as the self-assembled monomolecule (SAM) layer and the passivation layer, are currently widely used by inkjet printing, blade coating, slit coating, etc. Among them, the film thickness obtained by inkjet printing is uneven, which affects the quality of the film; the blade coating method is contact-type, which may damage the substrate layer and cause some waste of solution; slit coating is a contactless operation, and the film thickness is highly controllable, which is the mainstream of wet film preparation technology. However, the slit coating equipment is expensive, and the cost of large-size perovskite solar cells is high; in addition, the slit coating process is slow, which greatly affects the production time and reduces production efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to design a preparation method for large-size perovskite solar cells to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell to improve the uniformity of the perovskite functional layer and promote uniform coverage of the perovskite film layer.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell, which comprises the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: preparing a hole transport layer on a substrate;

[0007] Step 2: moving the substrate through the SAM layer immersion liquid, wherein the hole transport layer is immersed in the SAM layer immersion liquid;

[0008] Step 3: annealing the substrate processed in step 2 to form a SAM layer;

[0009] Step 4: Preparing a perovskite layer on the SAM layer;

[0010] Step 5: moving the substrate through the passivation layer immersion solution, the perovskite layer is immersed in the passivation layer immersion solution, taking out the substrate and annealing;

[0011] Step 6: preparing an electron transport layer on the passivation layer;

[0012] Step 7: Prepare a back electrode layer on the electron transport layer.

[0013] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the SAM layer immersion liquid includes a SAM material and a solvent, and the concentration of the SAM material is 0.5 to 2 mg / mL.

[0014] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, the SAM material is selected from one or more of 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), [2-(3,-6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), and the solvent is selected from one or more of DMSO, ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and propanol.

[0015] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, in step 2, the moving speed of the substrate is 0.5 mm / s to 10 mm / s, and the time for which the substrate is immersed in the SAM layer immersion liquid is 30 s to 60 s.

[0016] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, step 2 is carried out in a roller immersion tank, which includes a tank body and at least two rows of rollers arranged in the tank body, wherein the rollers form a conveying plane for conveying the substrate, the liquid level of the SAM layer immersion liquid in the tank body is higher than the conveying plane, and the upper surface of the substrate is higher than the liquid level of the SAM layer immersion liquid.

[0017] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, in step 3, the annealing temperature is 90-110° C., and the annealing time is 1-10 min.

[0018] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, in step 4, the perovskite layer is prepared by slit coating deposition, and the thickness of the perovskite layer is 500-700nm.

[0019] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, in step 5, the passivation layer immersion liquid includes a passivation material and a solvent, the passivation material is selected from one or more of PEAI, PEABr, and PEACl, the solvent of the passivation layer immersion liquid is selected from one or more of DMSO, ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and propanol, and the concentration of the passivation layer material is 0.5 to 2 mg / mL.

[0020] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, in step 6, the electron transport layer is prepared by evaporation deposition, and the electron transport layer includes a BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-biphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Bathocuproine) layer and a C 60 (fullerene) layer, BCP layer thickness is 5-10nm, C 60 The layer thickness is 20-30 nm.

[0021] As a further improved technical solution of the present invention, in step 7, the back electrode layer is prepared by high-temperature evaporation deposition, and the thickness of the back electrode layer is 90-110 nm.

[0022] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell of the present invention has the following effects:

[0023] 1. Improving film-forming effect: The technical solution of the present invention effectively improves the uniformity of the functional layer of the perovskite solar cell by adopting the method of SAM layer immersion, thereby improving the performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell; further, through the uniform formation of the SAM layer, the uniform coverage of the perovskite film layer on the substrate is promoted, and the overall performance of the battery is enhanced; in addition, by precisely controlling the process of SAM layer immersion, a high-quality film-forming effect is achieved, which helps to improve the performance of the battery.

[0024] 2. Reduce costs: Compared with traditional blade coating and slit coating methods, this method reduces solution waste, improves solution utilization, and helps reduce the production cost of large-size perovskite solar cells.

[0025] 3. Simplified equipment and high flexibility: The pulley and tank equipment used in the present invention has a simple structure and can be adjusted according to different production conditions and requirements. It has high flexibility and adaptability, reducing equipment investment and maintenance costs. In addition, during the production process, the solvent and solute in the tank can be replaced at will as needed, and the solution can be added and supplemented at any time, reducing the waste of raw materials. At the same time, the equipment is also more convenient to clean.

[0026] 4. Improve production efficiency: This method has a fast film output speed, which greatly shortens the production cycle and improves the efficiency of the production line.

[0027] 5. Avoiding substrate damage: The non-contact operation mode of the present invention avoids potential damage to the substrate layer and protects the integrity of the substrate.

[0028] In summary, the technical solution of the present invention not only improves the uniformity and coverage effect of the functional layer of perovskite solar cells through an innovative functional layer immersion method, but also reduces production costs, improves production efficiency, and has high adjustability and environmental protection advantages, which is of great significance for promoting the commercial production of large-size perovskite solar cells. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the rolling immersion device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is the IV curve of the perovskite solar cell prepared in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 3This is the IV curve of the perovskite solar cell prepared in Example 3.

[0032] Figure 4 This is the IV curve of the perovskite solar cell without a SAM layer prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0033] Figure 5 This is the IV curve of the perovskite solar cell obtained by preparing the SAM layer by the slit coating method in Comparative Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a rolling immersion device for preparing partial functional layers of large-size perovskite solar cells. The roller immersion tank includes a tank body 1, rollers 5, transmission rollers 3, a driving motor and a conveyor belt 2. The rollers 5 are arranged in two rows in the tank body 1, and the rollers 5 form a conveying plane for conveying the substrate 6. The immersion liquid level in the tank body 1 is higher than the conveying plane to ensure that the immersion liquid can completely contact the glass substrate. The upper surface of the substrate 6 is higher than the immersion liquid level to prevent the immersion liquid from contaminating the upper surface of the substrate 6. The depth of the tank body 1 is 1-2 cm, and the width and length can be customized as needed. The solution can be selected and placed according to the needs of conveying the substrate. The driving motor, the transmission roller 3 and the conveyor belt 2 are arranged outside the tank body 1. The rollers 5 rotate under the drive of the conveyor belt 2. The speed of the rollers 5 is adjustable, and the speed range is 5 mm / s to 100 mm / s.

[0036] The rolling immersion device uses the roller 5 to provide support and rotation transmission. The substrate is placed in the rolling immersion device so that the substrate passes through the immersion liquid. During the rolling immersion process, the lower surface of the substrate is immersed in the functional layer immersion liquid, and the molecules of the immersion material will spontaneously adsorb to the surface of the substrate to form an ordered and evenly distributed single-layer structure.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: Using a 300mm*300mm FTO glass substrate, prepare a 15-20nm NiOx hole transport layer on the substrate;

[0040] Step 2: Place the substrate in a rolling immersion device to prepare a SAM layer, select 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) as the SAM material, the solvent is ethanol, and the solution concentration is 1 mg / mL; the rolling speed is set to 1 cm / s, the contact time between the glass substrate and the SAM solution is 40 s, and the amount of SAM liquid consumed is 0.3 mL.

[0041] Step 3: manually transfer the glass substrate treated in step 2 into an annealing device and anneal at 100° C. for 5 min to form a SAM layer with a compact structure;

[0042] Step 4: Prepare a 600nm perovskite layer on the SAM layer using slit coating deposition;

[0043] Step 5: Preparing a passivation layer on the perovskite layer;

[0044] Step 6: Prepare the electron transport layer BCP / C by evaporation deposition on the passivation layer 60 (8nm / 25nm);

[0045] Step 7: Prepare a 100nm Cu back electrode layer by high-temperature evaporation deposition on the electron transport layer.

[0046] Finally, laser scribing and edge cleaning are performed, busbars are attached and connected, battery preparation is completed, and battery performance is tested (see Figure 2 shown).

[0047] Example 2

[0048] A method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: same as in Example 1;

[0050] Step 2: Place the substrate in a rolling immersion device to prepare a SAM layer, select a mixed solute of 2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), the solvent is ethanol, and the concentrations of the two solutes are 0.5 mg / mL and 0.5 mg / mL; the rolling speed of the rolling immersion device is set to 10 mm / s, the contact time between the glass substrate and the SAM solution is 50 s, and the amount of SAM liquid consumed is 0.4 mL.

[0051] Step 3 to step 7: the same as in Example 1. Finally, laser scribing and edge cleaning are performed, bus bars are attached for conduction, the battery preparation is completed, and the battery performance is tested.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] A method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0054] Step 1-4: the same as in Example 1;

[0055] Step 5: Place the substrate in a rolling immersion device to prepare a passivation layer, select phenylethylammonium bromide (PEAI), the solvent is ethanol, and the concentration is 1 mg / mL; the rolling speed of the rolling immersion device is set to 10 mm / s, and the contact time between the glass substrate and the solution is 30 s; further transfer to the annealing device and anneal at 100° C. for 5 min;

[0056] Step 6-7: the same as in Example 1.

[0057] Finally, laser scribing and edge cleaning are performed, busbars are attached and connected, battery preparation is completed, and battery performance is tested (see Figure 3 shown).

[0058] Example 4

[0059] A method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: same as in Example 1;

[0061] Step 2: Place the substrate in a rolling immersion device to prepare a SAM layer. Select a new type of polycarbazole phosphate (Poly-4PACz), use ethanol as the solvent, and prepare a concentration of 0.1 mg / mL. Set the rolling speed of the rolling immersion device to 5 mm / s, the contact time between the glass substrate and the SAM solution to 40 s, and consume 0.4 mL of SAM liquid.

[0062] Step 3 to step 7: the same as in Example 1. Finally, laser scribing and edge cleaning are performed, bus bars are attached for conduction, the battery preparation is completed, and the battery performance is tested.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] A method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell, compared with the preparation method of Example 1, omitting step 2 and step 3, and the other steps are the same. Finally, laser scribing and edge cleaning, attaching busbars for conduction, completing the battery preparation, and testing the battery performance (see Figure 4 shown).

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] A method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps:

[0067] Step 1: same as in Example 1;

[0068] Step 2: The SAM layer is prepared by slit coating. The solvent, solute and solution concentration used are the same as those in Example 1. Existing commercial slit coating equipment is used for slit coating, which will not be described in detail here.

[0069] Step 3 to step 7: the same as in Example 1. Finally, laser scribing and edge cleaning, attaching busbars for conduction, completing battery preparation, and testing battery performance (see Figure 5 shown).

[0070] Table 1 Comparison of the preparation steps and battery efficiency test results in each embodiment and comparative example

[0071]

[0072] Table 1 is a comparison of the steps of the preparation method in each embodiment and comparative example and the battery efficiency test results. Among them, the battery performance of the SAM layer prepared by the immersion method in Examples 1-4 is all greater than 17.5%, among which the battery efficiency of Example 3 is the highest, reaching 17.93% (see Figure 3 As shown), the battery performance of the SAM layer prepared by the slit coating method is slightly higher than that of the comparative example 2 (see Figure 5 As shown); however, the SAM layer material consumption of the battery of Examples 1-4 is much lower than that of Comparative Example 2. In Comparative Example 2, the slit coating method requires a large amount of liquid and time to fill the coating die and clean the die, resulting in a waste of solution; at the same time, the coating time is slow and the coating equipment cost is high, which is not conducive to application and promotion. Therefore, in Example 3, since both the SAM layer and the passivation layer are prepared by the immersion method, a large amount of material is saved in both steps. In addition, please refer to Figure 5 As shown, the cell efficiency of Comparative Example 1 is 16.2%, which is lower than the cell efficiency of Examples 1-4, indicating that the use of the SAM layer can significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

[0073] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention but not to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention. The understanding of this specification should be based on the technicians in the relevant technical field. Although this specification has described the present invention in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that technicians in the relevant technical field can still modify or replace the present invention with equivalents, and all technical solutions and improvements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: preparing a hole transport layer on a substrate; Step 2: moving the substrate through the SAM layer immersion liquid, wherein the hole transport layer is immersed in the SAM layer immersion liquid; Step 3: annealing the substrate processed in step 2 to form a SAM layer; Step 4: Preparing a perovskite layer on the SAM layer; Step 5: moving the substrate through the passivation layer immersion solution, the perovskite layer is immersed in the passivation layer immersion solution, taking out the substrate and annealing; Step 6: preparing an electron transport layer on the passivation layer; Step 7: Prepare a back electrode layer on the electron transport layer.

2. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The SAM layer immersion liquid includes a SAM material and a solvent, and the concentration of the SAM material is 0.5-2 mg / mL.

3. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 2, characterized in that: The SAM material is selected from one or more of [2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, [2-(3,-6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid, and [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, and the solvent is selected from one or more of DMSO, ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and propanol.

4. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 2, the moving speed of the substrate is 0.5 mm / s to 10 mm / s, and the time for which the substrate is immersed in the SAM layer immersion liquid is 30 s to 60 s.

5. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2 is carried out in a roller immersion tank, which includes a tank body and at least two rows of rollers arranged in the tank body, wherein the rollers form a conveying plane for conveying the substrate, the liquid level of the SAM layer immersion liquid in the tank body is higher than the conveying plane, and the upper surface of the substrate is higher than the liquid level of the SAM layer immersion liquid.

6. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the annealing temperature is 90-110° C., and the annealing time is 1-10 min.

7. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the perovskite layer is prepared by slit coating deposition, and the thickness of the perovskite layer is 500-700nm.

8. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the passivation layer immersion liquid includes a passivation material and a solvent, the passivation material is selected from one or more of PEAI, PEABr, and PEACl, the solvent of the passivation layer immersion liquid is selected from one or more of DMSO, ethanol, isopropanol, methanol, and propanol, and the concentration of the passivation layer material is 0.5 to 2 mg / mL.

9. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, an electron transport layer is prepared by evaporation deposition, and the electron transport layer includes a BCP layer and a C 60 layer, the BCP layer thickness is 5-10nm, C 60 The layer thickness is 20-30 nm.

10. The method for preparing a large-size perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 7, the back electrode layer is prepared by high-temperature evaporation deposition, and the thickness of the back electrode layer is 90-110 nm.

Images