Modular connector assembly

Abstract

Modular connectors and methods are disclosed that provide both sides of a connector in a modular and interchangeable manner. The modular design may be enhanced to add various useful features to one or both sides of the connector, including the use of rods, hooks, rod receivers, etc. of various configurations. This modular approach may allow various unique connectors to be assembled from a library of interchangeable components while minimizing manufacturing costs and complexity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to surgical implants and, more particularly, to modular connector assemblies used in various surgical procedures, such as posterior fixation techniques used in spinal surgery. Background Art

[0002] Typically, the surgical connector used in posterior fixation spinal surgery is a bilateral device configured to connect various spinal fixation components. A type of connector of this type is a transverse connector, which is characterized by a first side and a second side, the first side being configured to capture a rod, and the second side being characterized by a rod extending at an angle to the axis of the captured rod. Various other types of connector assemblies are also possible. The manufacture of such connectors may be challenging, because forming such connectors from a single piece of raw material may require removal of a large amount of material, and the size of the implant may limit the available manufacturing technology. In addition, the connection strength between the two sides of the connector may be limited by profile and geometric factors.

[0003]

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for improved surgical connectors, including improved transverse connectors and other connectors that address the shortcomings of prior approaches. Summary of the invention

[0004] A modular connector is disclosed herein that addresses the shortcomings of existing approaches by providing both sides of the connector in a modular and interchangeable manner. The modular design can be enhanced to add various useful features to one or both sides of the connector. This modular approach can allow a user to assemble a variety of unique connector assemblies from a library of interchangeable parts.

[0005] In one aspect, a modular connector assembly may include a first connector and a second connector, the first connector having a first opening therein, the first opening being configured to receive a spinal fixation element, the second connector extending into the first connector through a second opening formed therein. The second connector may have a hole formed in a first end thereof, the first end being disposed within the first connector. The assembly may also include a coupler disposed within the first connector and passing through the hole of the second connector to prevent the first connector and the second connector from being separated.

[0006] Any of a variety of alternative or additional features may be included and considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the assembly may further include a set screw threadedly coupled to the first connector. In some embodiments, the assembly may further include a spinal fixation element disposed within the first opening of the first connector, and the set screw may push the spinal fixation element toward the coupler.

[0007] In some embodiments, the second end of the second connector may extend through the first opening of the third connector, and the second coupler may be disposed within the third connector and through a hole formed in the second end of the second connector to prevent the second connector and the third connector from being separated. In some embodiments, at least one of the first connector and the third connector may be configured to pivot relative to the second connector.

[0008] In certain embodiments, the first opening can be generally U-shaped with an open proximal end and defined by the spaced-apart arms of the first connector.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first opening can be formed through opposing side walls of the first connector and have a closed proximal end.

[0010] In certain embodiments, the first connector can include an internally threaded surface configured to interface with external threads of the set screw.

[0011] In some embodiments, the shape of the second opening of the first connector can substantially match the shape of the portion of the second connector that extends through the second opening.

[0012] In some embodiments, the shape of the second opening of the first connector can be larger in one dimension than the shape of the portion of the second connector extending through the second opening, so that the second connector can pivot in one direction relative to the first connector. In some embodiments, the assembly can also include a spring disposed within the first connector and configured to apply a drag force upon pivotal movement of the second connector relative to the first connector.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second connector may include a rod extending from the first connector. In certain embodiments, the second end of the rod may have a flange.

[0014] In certain embodiments, the second connector may include spaced apart arms defining a generally C-shaped opening having an open end opposite a first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second connector can include an opening formed through a sidewall thereof having a closed proximal end.

[0016] In certain embodiments, the second connector may include a hook formed opposite to the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0017] In some embodiments, the second connector may include a plurality of auxiliary fixing openings formed opposite to the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0018] In certain embodiments, the second connector may include a rectangular body having a plurality of holes formed therein opposite the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0019] In some embodiments, the coupler may include a proximally facing rod receiving surface.In certain embodiments, the rod receiving surface may include any of a curved surface and opposing planar surfaces that are angled toward each other.

[0020] In certain embodiments, the coupler can include a distally extending post configured to extend through a hole formed in the second connector.

[0021] In some embodiments, the coupler may include spaced-apart arms configured to interface with retention features on an inner surface of the first connector to prevent removal of the coupler from the first connector.

[0022] In another aspect, a method of assembling a modular connector may include inserting a first connector through an opening of a second connector to dispose a first end of the first connector within the second connector. The method may also include inserting a coupler through a second opening of the second connector and a hole formed in the first end of the first connector to prevent the first connector and the second connector from being separated.

[0023] As with the above-described apparatus, the methods disclosed herein may include any of a variety of additional or alternative steps that are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure. For example, in some embodiments, the method may further include screwing a set screw into the first connector. In certain embodiments, the method may further include inserting a spinal fixation element into the first connector and rotating the set screw to push the spinal fixation element toward the coupler.

[0024] In some embodiments, the method may further include inserting the second end of the first connector into the opening of the third connector, and inserting the second coupler into the third connector and through the hole formed in the second end of the first connector to prevent the first connector and the third connector from being separated. In some embodiments, the method may include pivoting at least one of the second connector and the third connector relative to the first connector.

[0025] In some embodiments, the method may further include inserting a spring into the second connector to apply a drag force when the first connector moves relative to the second connector. In certain embodiments, the method may further include inserting a coupler through a hole formed in the spring.

[0026] In certain embodiments, the method may further include pivoting the first connector relative to the second connector.

[0027] Any of the features or variations described herein may be applied to any particular aspect or embodiment of the present disclosure in a variety of different combinations. Any particular combination is not explicitly described only to avoid unnecessary length or redundancy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure will be more fully understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1A is a front perspective view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 1B yes Figure 1A A rear perspective view of a modular assembly;

[0031] Figure 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a connector rod;

[0032] Figure 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a connector body;

[0033] Figure 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a rod base;

[0034] Figure 5 is an exploded perspective view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure, illustrating the sequence of assembly;

[0035] Fig. 6A is a top view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 6B yes Fig. 6A a cross-sectional side view of a modular assembly;

[0037] Figure 6C yes Fig. 6A A front view of a modular assembly;

[0038] Fig. 7A is a side view of one embodiment of a connector body;

[0039] Figure 7B yes Fig. 7A A front view of a connector body;

[0040] Figure 7C yes Fig. 7A A top view of a connector body;

[0041] Fig.7D yes Fig. 7A The connector body is along Figure 7BA cross-sectional top view taken along line 705;

[0042] Figure 8 is a top view of one embodiment of a connector rod;

[0043] Fig.9A is a top view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0044] Fig. 9B yes Fig.9A A side view of a modular assembly;

[0045] Fig. 9C yes Fig.9A A front view of a modular assembly;

[0046] Fig. 10A is a cross-sectional side view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0047] Fig. 10B yes Fig. 10A A side view of a modular assembly;

[0048] Fig.11A is a side view of one embodiment of a connector body;

[0049] Fig. 11B yes Fig.11A A front view of a connector body;

[0050] Fig. 11C yes Fig.11A A top view of a connector body;

[0051] Fig.11D yes Fig.11A The connector body is along Fig. 11B A cross-sectional top view taken along line 1105;

[0052] Fig.12 is a top view of one embodiment of a connector rod;

[0053] Fig.13A is a top view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0054] Fig. 13B yes Fig.13A A side view of a modular assembly;

[0055] Fig. 13C yes Fig.13A A front view of a modular assembly;

[0056] Fig.14A is a side view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0057] Fig. 14B yes Fig.14A a cross-sectional side view of a modular assembly;

[0058] Fig.15A is a perspective view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0059] Fig. 15B yes Fig.15A An exploded perspective view of the modular components of the

[0060] Fig.16A is a cross-sectional detail view of one embodiment of a stem base partially inserted into a connector body;

[0061] Fig. 16B is fully inserted into Fig.16A A cross-sectional detail of a rod seat in a connector body;

[0062] Fig.17A is a top view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0063] Fig. 17B yes Fig.17A An alternative top view of a modular assembly;

[0064] Fig. 17C yes Fig.17A A perspective view of the modular components of

[0065] Fig.17D yes Fig.17A A top view of a connector rod of a modular assembly;

[0066] Fig.17E yes Fig.17A a cross-sectional side view of a modular assembly;

[0067] Fig.18A is a perspective view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure having a connector body and a hook in a first orientation;

[0068] Fig.18B yes Fig.18A A perspective view of a modular assembly of wherein the hook is in a second orientation;

[0069] Fig. 18C yes Fig.18A A perspective view of a modular assembly of wherein the hook is in a third orientation;

[0070] Fig.18D yes Fig.18A A perspective view of a modular assembly of wherein the hook is in a fourth orientation;

[0071] Fig.19Ais a perspective view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure having a connector body and a multi-point securing component;

[0072] Fig.19B yes Fig.19A Alternative perspective view of the modular components of;

[0073] Fig.19C yes Fig.19A A perspective view of a modular assembly of the invention, wherein the multi-point fixation adapter includes an extended connecting rod portion;

[0074] Fig.19D yes Fig.19C Alternative perspective view of the modular components of;

[0075] Fig. 20A is a top view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure having a first connector body and a second in-line connector;

[0076] Fig. 20B yes Fig. 20A A perspective view of the modular components of

[0077] Fig. 20C yes Fig. 20A Another perspective view of the modular assembly of;

[0078] Fig.21 is a side view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure having a first connector body and a second C-shaped connector body;

[0079] Fig.22A yes Fig.21 A perspective view of the modular components of

[0080] Fig. 22B yes Fig.21 A perspective view of a C-shaped connector body;

[0081] Fig.23 is a side view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure having a first connector body and a second O-ring connector body;

[0082] Fig.24A yes Fig.23 A perspective view of the modular components of

[0083] Fig. 24B yes Fig.23 A perspective view of an O-ring connector body;

[0084] Fig.25A is a side view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0085] Fig.25B yes Fig.25A A perspective view of the modular components of

[0086] Fig.26A is a perspective view of one embodiment of a modular connector assembly according to the present disclosure;

[0087] Fig.26B yes Fig.26A A side view of a modular assembly;

[0088] Fig.26C yes Fig.26A A bottom view of a modular assembly;

[0089] Fig.27A Connected to the spinal rod Fig.26A A top view of a modular assembly;

[0090] Fig.27B Connected to the spinal rod Fig.26A A side view of a modular assembly;

[0091] Fig.28 is a top view of one embodiment of a rear fixing structure utilizing a modular connector assembly;

[0092] Fig.29 is a top view of one embodiment of a rear fixing structure utilizing a modular connector assembly;

[0093] Fig.30 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a modular assembly according to the present disclosure having a flanged connector bar;

[0094] Fig.31A yes Fig.30 A side view of a modular assembly;

[0095] Fig.31B yes Fig.30 A bottom view of a modular assembly;

[0096] Fig.32 Connected to the spinal rod Fig.30 A top view of a modular assembly;

[0097] Fig.33 Connected to the spinal rod Fig.30 A side view of a modular assembly;

[0098] Fig.34 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a rear securing structure utilizing a modular connector assembly; and

[0099] Fig.35is a top view of one embodiment of a rear securing structure utilizing a modular connector assembly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0100] Certain exemplary embodiments will now be described to understand the structure, function, manufacture and use principles of the devices, systems and methods disclosed herein as a whole. One or more examples of these embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The devices, systems and methods specifically described herein and shown in the accompanying drawings are non-restrictive embodiments. The features shown or described in conjunction with one embodiment can be combined with the features of other embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included in the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, with respect to the use of linear dimensions, circular dimensions or other dimensions in the description of the disclosed devices and methods, such dimensions are not intended to limit the type of shape that can be used in combination with such devices and methods. The equivalent of such dimensions can be determined for different geometric shapes, etc. In addition, similarly numbered components of the embodiments may generally have similar features. In addition, the size and shape of the device and its components may depend at least on the anatomical structure of the subject in which the devices will be used, the size and shape of the object in which the devices will be used, and the methods and procedures in which the devices will be used.

[0101] Figure 1A-1B One embodiment of a modular connector assembly is shown that utilizes a statically positioned connector stem extending from one side of a connector body that is configured to capture a spinal fixation element within a U-shaped recess thereof. Figure 1A In the embodiment, the modular connector assembly 100 may include a connector body 104 and a connector rod 102, the connector rod having a first end (at Figure 1A Not shown, see Figure 2 ). The connector body 104 may have a proximal portion defined by a pair of spaced-apart arms 108a, 108b, between which a U-shaped recess or opening 106 (also referred to as a rod receiving recess) is formed to receive a spinal fixation element (not shown), such as a spinal rod. The interior surfaces of the spaced-apart arms 108a, 108b may include a threaded surface 114 that may engage a set screw or other locking element received therebetween to lock the spinal rod within the connector body 104. As discussed in detail below, the connector body 104 may have a plurality of different engagement or attachment features to facilitate coupling the connector body 104 to a surgical instrument during use.

[0102] For example, the proximal end of the connector body 104 may include a groove or channel 110 located in the outer surface of the proximal end of the connector body 104 (i.e., on each of the spaced arms 108a, 108b). The groove 110 may define a "top notch" feature that may engage with a corresponding portion of an instrument (such as a protrusion) to facilitate coupling the instrument to the connector body 104. The connector body 104 may also include a proximal rocker feature or recess 112 formed in the connector body 104 that may facilitate distal reduction of a rod or other spinal fixation element into the U-shaped recess 106 of the connector body 104. The proximal rocker feature 112 may allow a rocker instrument to be pivotally coupled to the connector body 104 to reduce the spinal fixation element into the connector body 104 via a levering or rocking motion. The proximal rocker feature 112 may be a double-sided circular depression or recess that intersects the top notch feature 110. Additionally or alternatively, the connector body 104 may include a more distal recess 113 (at the distal end) formed in the connector body 104 by a swaging operation. Figure 1B ), the swaging operation is used to retain the rod seat within the connector body 104. In some embodiments, this more distal recess can also be used as a rocker feature to facilitate resetting the spinal fixation element into the U-shaped recess 106 of the connector body 104. Additional disclosure of rockers and other features that can be included in the connector body 104 (which can be similar to the polyaxial screw receiver head) is provided in U.S. Patent Publication No. 2022 / 0280200, entitled "Multi-feature Polyaxial Screw," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0103] Figure 2-Figure 4 shows a connector assembly (like Figure 1A The various modular components of the connector assembly shown in FIG. Figure 2 The rod in Figure 3 The connector body and Figure 4 The rod seat in the. Figure 2 2 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a connector stem 202 of the present disclosure. The connector stem 202 may include a first end 222 configured for coupling to a socket of a connector body and a second end 224 that may be coupled to other surgical components or instruments, such as being receivable within a stem receiving recess of a polyaxial bone screw, etc. The first end 222 may have a generally cylindrical shape with a flat surface 226 for securely coupling the connector stem 202 to the connector body 304 via a complementary shaped socket. The first end 222 may also include a slot or hole 228 for receiving a stem seat 440 within the connector body 304, thereby securing the components together.

[0104] The connector rod 202 may include a tapered portion 230 between the first end 222 and the second end 224 of the connector rod 202. In some embodiments, the first end 222 may include opposing flat surfaces for coupling to the connector body. Thus, in some embodiments, the diameter of the first end 222 may be greater than the diameter of the second end 224.

[0105] Figure 3 One embodiment of a connector body 304 is shown having a connector body configured to couple to Figure 2 The opening or receptacle 316 of the connector rod 202. The opening 316 can have a shape complementary to the first end 222 of the connector rod 202. Figure 3 The connector body 304 may also include any of the features described herein, such as those described above with respect to Figure 1A Those features discussed above for the connector body 104 .

[0106] Figure 4 4 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a rod seat 440. The rod seat 440 may include a proximal end 442 having a generally U-shaped, V-shaped, or other similarly shaped surface on which a spinal rod may be placed. For example, in some embodiments, the proximal surface 442 may have a U-shaped surface having a radius of curvature that matches the radius of curvature of a spinal fixation rod to be received thereon. In some embodiments, the surface may have opposing planes or flat surfaces that are angled relative to each other, which may facilitate docking with spinal fixation rods of various diameters. On an outer surface 443 of the proximal end 442, the rod seat 440 may include a depression or indentation 444 that is used to lock the rod seat 440 into the connector body via a swaging operation. The rod seat may include a distal post 446 that is configured to pass through the hole or slot 228 of the connector rod 202. For example, when the stem seat 440 is inserted into the connector body 304 and the connector stem 202 is inserted into the socket 316 of the connector body, the distal post 446 can couple the components together by passing through the slot 228 of the connector stem 202 and then being locked into place within the connector body 304 by a swaging operation. The stem seat 440 can be locked into the connector body in a variety of ways, including a swaging lock as described herein or a press fit lock, as described below.

[0107] Figure 5 Shows something like Figure 1A1. The assembly process of one embodiment of the modular assembly of the modular assembly shown. First, the connector rod 502 can be inserted laterally into the socket 516 formed in the connector body 504. In some embodiments, the size of the connector rod 502 and the socket 516 can be set to provide a press fit or at least some temporary retention when the connector rod 502 is inserted into the socket 516. After the connector rod 502 is inserted into the socket 516 of the connector body 504, the rod seat 540 can be advanced distally from its proximal end into the U-shaped opening 506 of the connector body 504. The distally extending column 546 on the rod seat 540 can pass through the hole 528 formed in the first end 522 of the connector rod 502 to prevent the connector rod 502 from separating from the connector body 504. In some embodiments, the rod seat 540 can then be locked in place in the U-shaped opening 506 of the connector body 504 by a swaging operation or a press fit connection.

[0108] Figure 6A-6C Another embodiment of a modular connector assembly is shown, the modular connector assembly including a connector body and a statically positioned connector lever extending from a socket formed in the connector body. Fig. 6A , a top view of the modular connector assembly 600 is shown, wherein the rod seat 640 is positioned within the connector body 604. The connector rod 602 extends vertically from the central longitudinal axis of the rod seat 640. Figure 6B In Fig. 6A 600 of a modular assembly 600. The connector body 604 may include a pair of spaced arms 608a, 608b at the proximal end of the connector body 604, the pair of spaced arms forming a U-shaped recess 606. The inner surface of each spaced arm 608a, 608b includes a thread 616 for coupling to a set screw. The outer surface of each spaced arm 608a, 608b may include a top notch feature 610 and various rocker features for engaging various instruments. The connector body 604 may also include an end slot 618 located on the distal end of the connector body 604. The end slot 618 may receive a distal post 646 of a rod seat 640 and help strengthen the connection between the connector rod 602, the connector body 604 and the rod seat. In certain embodiments, the distal post 646 of the stem base 640 has a length that allows the end of the distal post 646 to be flush with the bottom of the connector body 604 when the connector body 604 and the stem base 640 are coupled.

[0109] The connector body 604 can receive the connector rod 602 through the distal socket 616. The first end 622 of the connector rod 602 can include opposing flat surfaces 626a, 626b for coupling to the socket 616 of the connector body 604, and the socket 616 can have corresponding surfaces so that the interface between the connector body 604 and the rod 602 resists relative movement therebetween.

[0110] Figure 6C Shows Fig. 6A 602 extends from the connector body 604 at an angle perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis of the connector body 604. The exterior surface of the proximal end 608 of the connector body 604 (i.e., the exterior surface of one of the pair of spaced arms) may include a top notch feature 610 and a proximal rocker feature 612 for coupling various instruments to the connector body 604. As described above, various other features may also be incorporated into the connector body 604, such as various tapers or other shapes, features that facilitate engagement with instruments via one or both of the spaced arms, and the like. Additional disclosure regarding such features may be found in the aforementioned U.S. Patent Publication No. 2022 / 0280200, which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0111] Figure 7A-7D In more detail, a diagram similar to Fig. 6A One embodiment of a connector body of the connector body shown. Fig. 7A , the connector body 704 includes a pair of spaced apart arms 708a, 708b at the proximal end of the connector body 704, the pair of spaced apart arms forming a U-shaped recess 706. The outer surface of each spaced apart arm 708a, 708b includes a top recess feature 710 for engaging various instruments. Near the distal end of the connector body 704 is a socket 716 for receiving a connector rod. Notably, the socket 716 for receiving a connector rod does not extend through the opposing outer surface 704" of the connector body 704. Figure 7B In the Fig. 7AThe front side 704' of the connector body 704 includes a socket 716. As described above, the proximal end of the connector body 704 may include a top notch feature 710. Additionally or alternatively, the proximal end may include a proximal rocker feature 712. The shape of the socket 716 may be complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the connector rod to be used therewith. In some embodiments, the shape of the socket 716 may be generally circular or elliptical. In some embodiments, the socket 716 may include at least one flat surface 716a, which corresponds to the flat surface on the first end of the connector rod. Including a non-circular feature (such as a flat surface 716a) can ensure proper assembly of the connector body with the connector rod (i.e., the rod can only be inserted in a desired orientation relative to the body), and once assembled, it can help resist relative movement between the rod and the body.

[0112] Figure 7C Depicted Fig. 7A 704. From this view, the pair of spaced arms 708a, 708b form a recess 706. An end slot 718 can be seen at the distal end 719 of the connector body 704. Fig.7D Shows from Figure 7B The distal receptacle 716 does not extend through the opposite side 704″ of the connector body 704, showing a stop for inserting the first end of the connector rod into the connector body 704. In addition, the width 707 of the receptacle 716 can closely conform to the diameter or width of the rod to be used therewith, so that once the rod is inserted into the receptacle 716, it cannot be moved. Fig.7D These features can help maintain the connector lever in a desired orientation relative to the connector body 704 after assembly. In addition, at least the socket width 707 can be contrasted with the embodiments described below that provide for some lever movement after assembly, such as pivoting about the central axis of the connector body.

[0113] Figure 8 In more detail, a diagram similar to Fig. 6A An embodiment of a connector rod 802 of a rod. Figure 7B and Fig.7DAs shown, its shape can be configured to match the contour of the socket formed in the connector body so that once they are connected by inserting the connector rod into the socket of the connector body, relative movement between the connector rod and the connector body can be resisted. As shown, the connector rod 802 may include a first end 822 and a second end 824. The first end 822 may have at least one flat surface 826 for matching the socket of the connector body. The first end 822 may also include a hole or slot 828 for receiving the distal post of the rod seat. In some embodiments, the first end 822 of the connector rod may include a rounded end 823. The rounded end 823 may match the shape of the interior surface of the connector body (e.g., Fig.7D The connector rod 802 may also include a tapered portion 830 that allows the first end 822 and the second end 824 of the connector rod 802 to have different diameters. The second end 824 of the connector rod 802 may be generally cylindrical (although other shapes are possible) and may be used to couple to additional or alternative instruments or tools. For example, in some embodiments, the posterior fixation construct may include capturing the second end 824 of the connector rod 802 within the receiver head of a polyaxial bone screw implanted in a patient.

[0114] Figure 9A-9C One example of an alternative modular connector body type that may be used is shown. In particular, the connector body shown is a top closure body 904, which may be referred to as an "O" type connector body, in contrast to the above-described embodiment having a U-shaped recess that is open at its proximal end (which may be referred to as a "U" type connector). As such, Figure 9A-9CThe modular assembly shown may be referred to as an "OR" assembly (i.e., an "O"-shaped connector body on one side of the assembly and a connecting rod on the other side), while the above-described embodiment may be referred to as a "UR" assembly (i.e., a "U"-shaped connector body on one side of the assembly and a connecting rod on the other side). The top-enclosed connector body 904 may include a rod capture hole 962 formed along a horizontal or medial-lateral axis 901 of the top-enclosed connector body 904 (i.e., perpendicular to the longitudinal or proximal-distal axis 903 of the connector body). The connector body 904 may also include a set screw hole 905 formed in the proximal end 904p or closed top of the connector body 904 for coupling a set screw 950 to the top-enclosed connector body 904. The top-enclosed connector body 904 may include a socket 916 for receiving a statically positioned connector rod 902 that extends perpendicular to the axis of the rod capture hole 962 formed in the body of the top-enclosed connector 904. The top closure connector body 904 can capture the spinal rod 960 by sliding the spinal rod 960 through the rod capture hole 962 and securing the spinal rod 960 with the set screw 950, rather than loading from the top into the U-shaped rod seat as is possible in the above-described embodiments.

[0115] Fig.9A A top view of a modular connector assembly utilizing a top closure connector body 904 is depicted. The top closure connector body 904 may include a generally planar proximal end 904p. A set screw hole 905 in the proximal end 904p may allow a set screw 950 to be coupled to the top closure connector body 904. A spinal rod 960 may extend through a rod capture hole in the top closure connector body 904. The connector rod 902 may be coupled to the top closure connector body 904 via a socket 916. Fig. 9B Shows Fig.9A 901 through the top closure connector body 904. The set screw 950 can be coupled to the top closure connector body 904 through the proximal end 904p of the top closure connector body 904, thereby fixing the spinal rod 960 in the rod capture hole 962. The socket 916 in the top closure connector body 904 can receive the connector rod 902 so that the rod extends perpendicular to the horizontal axis 901 of the rod capture hole 962. However, in some embodiments, the socket 916 can be rotated 90 degrees or any other angle about the axis 903 so that the connector rod 902 can extend parallel to the rod 960, or extend at any desired angle relative to the rod. Such modifications are possible for any of the various embodiments disclosed herein. Fig. 9C Also shown are the rod capture aperture 962 and the vertical axes 901 , 903 of the connector rod 902 . Figure 9A-9C The connector body 904 may also include any of the features described herein, such as those described above with respect to Figure 1A Those feature parts described in the connector body, etc.

[0116] Figure 10A-10B An embodiment of a modular connector assembly 1000 is shown, wherein the connector rod can pivot a range of motion relative to the connector body. For example, when implanted in the patient's spine, this can cause the connector rod to be able to pivot or move in the coronal plane. In these figures, a side view of a modular connector assembly with a pivotable connector rod is shown. The modular connector assembly 1000 may include a connector body 1004, a connector rod 1002, a rod seat 1040 and a spring or biasing element 1048. The connector body 1004 may include any of the features described herein, including a socket 1016 for receiving a first end 1022 of the connector rod 1002. As further described below, the width of the socket 1016 may be greater than the width of the first end 1022 of the connector rod 1002, so that the connector rod 1002 can pivot between the boundary ends of the socket 1016. The connector rod 1002 may include at least one flat surface 1026 to facilitate coupling to the socket 1016 of the connector body 1004 in the correct orientation and to resist relative rotation of the connector rod relative to the connector body beyond the pivoting motion allowed by the wider socket. The spring 1048 may be positioned within the connector body 1004 such that when the connector rod 1002 is coupled to the connector body 1004, a hole (not shown) in the spring is aligned with a hole in the connector rod 1002 and an end hole in the connector body 1004. As such, when the rod seat 1040 is coupled to the modular connector system 1000, the distal post 1046 of the rod seat 1044 may pass through a corresponding hole in the spring 1048 and a hole in the connector rod 1002 and an end slot in the connector body 1004. The spring 1048 may apply a preload or drag force to the connector rod 1002 such that pivoting the connector rod 1002 relative to the connector body 1004 requires overcoming the preload or drag force.

[0117] Figures 11A-11D In more detail, a diagram similar to Figure 10A-10B An embodiment of a connector body 1104 of a connector body 1004. Similar to Figure 7A-7D implementation plan, Fig.11AThe connector body of includes a pair of spaced apart arms 1108a, 1108b at the proximal end 1104p of the connector body 1104, the pair of spaced apart arms forming a U-shaped recess 1106. The outer surface of each spaced apart arm 1108a, 1108b includes a top recess feature 1110 for engaging various instruments. Near the distal end of the connector body is a socket 1116 for receiving a connector rod. Fig. 11B , a front end portion 1104f of a connector body 1104 is shown, including a socket 1116. The socket 1116 formed in the connector body 1104 has an outer profile that enables the rod to pivot relative to the connector body 1104. For example, the socket 1116 may have an elongated oval shape, whose width is greater than the width of the connector rod, thereby allowing space within the socket 1116 for the connector rod to pivot. Figure 7A-7D Comparison of the width 707 of the middle socket 716 also highlights this difference between the embodiments. The socket 1116 may include at least one flat surface 1116a that corresponds to the flat surface on the first end of the connector rod. In some embodiments, the socket 1116 may include opposing proximal-distal flat surfaces 1116a, 1116b that correspond to opposing flat surfaces on the first end of the connector rod. Dashed line 1105 indicates Fig.11D A cross section of the connector body is shown.

[0118] Fig. 11C Shows Fig.11A The pair of spaced arms form a recess 1106 in the connector body 1104. The connector body 1104 may include an end slot or hole 1118 located on the distal end 1104d of the connector body 1104. In addition, the distal inner surface of the connector body 1104 may include a recess 1117 surrounding the hole 1118, which may receive a spring 1048 or other element configured to apply a preload or drag force to the connector rod. Fig.11D Shown from Fig. 11B 1105. As shown, the socket 1116 does not extend through both sides of the connector body 1104, and the inner surface of the connector body 1104 opposite the opening of the socket 1116 may have a curved side wall 1109. Fig. 11B and Fig.11D The socket 1116 shown is connected to Figure 7B and Fig.7D The illustrated receptacle, by comparison, highlights the greater opening width 1107 of the connector body 1104 to allow for a range of pivotal motion between the connector lever 1102 and the connector body 1104 .

[0119] Fig.12 In more detail, a diagram similar to Figure 10A-10B An embodiment of a connector rod of a connector rod 1002. Fig. 11B and Fig.11D As shown, its shape can be configured to match the profile of the socket 1116 formed in the connector body 1104 to allow pivotal movement between the connector rod and the connector body. For example, the connector rod 1202 can have a first end 1222 having a curved shape to match the curved inner surface 1109 of the connector body 1104. The diameter of the curved shape of the first end 1222 can be larger than the diameter of the rest of the connector rod 1202, which can help fix the first end 1222 in the connector body 1104. The first end 1222 of the connector rod 1202 can have at least one flat surface 1226 to match the shape of the socket 1116 in the connector body 1104, which can help ensure proper assembly, provide a bearing surface to dock with a rod seat (e.g., rod seat 1040), and resist unwanted relative movement between the two components. The first end 1222 can also include a slot or hole 1228 for receiving the rod seat therethrough. The second end 1224 of the connector rod 1202 may be generally cylindrical in shape, although various other shapes and sizes are possible.

[0120] Figure 13A-13C One example of an alternative modular connector body type that may be used is shown. In particular, the connector body 1304 shown is a top-enclosed body (a so-called "O" type connector) having a socket 1316 that allows a pivoting connector rod 1302 to extend transversely to the axis 1301 of a rod capture hole 1362 formed in the body of the connector 1304. Such a connector body 1304 captures the rod 1360 by allowing it to be introduced through the rod capture hole 1362 along its longitudinal axis, rather than being loaded from the top into a U-shaped rod seat as is possible in the "U" type embodiment described above. The rod 1360 is then secured in the rod capture hole 1362 with a set screw 1350. This embodiment may be similar to Figure 9A-9C connector shown, but may provide Figure 10A-Figure 12 The range of pivotal motion of the rod of the connector assembly. Fig.13A A top view of a modular connector system 1300 is shown having a set screw 1350 securing a post 1360 in a connector body 1304 . Fig. 13B A side view of the modular connector assembly 1300 is shown, illustrating the rod 1360 within the rod capture aperture 1362 and the rod 1302 extending perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis 1303 of the connector body 1304 . Fig. 13CA socket 1316 in the connector body 1304 is depicted as being wide enough to allow pivotal movement of the connector rod about the longitudinal axis 1303 of the connector body, and a spherical shape of a first end 1322 of the connector rod disposed within the connector body that is wider than the diameter of a second end 1324 of the rod extending therefrom. Fig. 13C Also shown is a vertical configuration of the rod capture hole axis 1301, the connector body longitudinal axis 1303 and the longitudinal axis of the connector rod (extending out of the plane of the page in this figure). However, the connector rod 1302 can deviate from this vertical configuration at least relative to the axis 1301 because it can pivot around the axis 1303.

[0121] The above modular assemblies have been generally described with respect to "OR" or "UR" type connectors, where the connector stem constitutes one half of the assembly and a "U" or "O" type connector body constitutes the other half of the assembly. However, other connector assembly configurations are possible, and Figures 14A-24B Certain alternatives are disclosed. The present disclosure contemplates a modular platform for assembling connectors having any of a variety of configurations. The disclosed embodiments are examples that can be combined in various ways and with other types of connector components within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0122] Fig.14A - Figure 14C shows an embodiment of a modular connector assembly having a first connector body and a second connector body connected by a rod. The connector body can be similar to the "U" shaped connector body described above. Thus, Fig.14A -The connector assembly shown in Figure 14C may be referred to as a "UU" connector. Fig.14A 14 is a side view of a modular connector assembly 1400 having a first connector body 1404 and an opposing second connector body 1404'. A statically positioned connector stem 1402 may be coupled to each of the first connector body 1404 and the second connector body 1404' via opposing ends of the stem 1402 extending into respective sockets 1416, 1416' on each connector body 1404, 1404' and captured within the connector body by respective stem seats 1440, 1440'. Each of the first connector body 1404 and the second connector body 1404' may include any of the features described herein.

[0123] For example, in Fig. 14B middle, Fig.14AA cross-sectional view of the modular connector assembly 1400 of FIG. 1 shows a second connector body 1404' having substantially the same features as the first connector body 1404. The first connector body 1404 may include a pair of spaced apart arms 1408a, 1408b proximal to a U-shaped opening or recess 1406 formed in the first connector body 1404. The outer surface of the pair of spaced apart arms 1408a, 1408b may include a top notch feature 1410 for coupling to various instruments. The inner surface of the pair of spaced apart arms 1408a, 1408b may include threads 1414 for coupling to a set screw. A retaining surface or lip 1441 may be positioned distal to the threads 1414, and once the rod seat 1440 is inserted distally into the first connector body 1404 so that the proximal end of the rod seat passes distally over the lip 1441, the retaining surface or lip may prevent the rod seat 1440 from moving proximally. The rod seat 1440 may have a distal post 1446 that extends distally through a hole formed in the connector rod 1402 and the connector body 1404. The rod seat 1440 may include any of the features described herein. For example, the end of the rod 1402 may include opposing flat surfaces 1425a, 1425b, 1425a', 1425b' at each end thereof, which are received in recesses of complementary shapes in the connector bodies 1404, 1404' to help with proper assembly and prevent unwanted relative movement between the components. In addition, the first connector body 1404 and the second connector body 1404' may have internal recesses 1407, 1407' that are configured to receive the ends of the first end 1422 and the second end 1424 of the connector rod 1402. The ends 1422, 1424 may include one or more flat surfaces that may interface with flat surfaces formed in the recesses 1407, 1407', respectively, to help resist relative movement or flexing of the connector rod 1402 and the connector bodies 1404, 1404', such as rotation of the connector rod 1402 relative to the connector bodies 1404, 1404' about the longitudinal axis of the rod. In general, the configuration of the features of the second connector body 1404' may be generally mirrored with the features of the first connector body 1404. For example, the second connector body 1404' may be coupled to the second end 1424 of the connector rod 1402 when the features of the second end 1424 are mirrored with respect to the first and second connector bodies and the features of the first end 1422 of the connector rod 1402, respectively.

[0124] Fig.15A A perspective view of an embodiment of a modular connector assembly 1500 is shown having a first connector body 1504 and a second connector body 1504 ′. Fig.15A The implementation scheme can be Fig.14A and Fig. 14B The embodiments shown are similar or identical. The first connector body 1504 may include a first pair of spaced arms 1508a, 1508b on the proximal side, forming a U-shaped opening 1506 between the first pair of spaced arms on the proximal side. The outer surface of the first pair of spaced arms 1508a, 1508b may include a top notch feature 1510 and a proximal rocker feature 1512. The inner surface of the first pair of spaced arms 1508a, 1508b may include a thread 1514 and a retaining feature 1541. The retaining feature 1541 may lock the first rod seat 1540 in the first connector body 1504 to prevent it from being removed proximally after the rod seat has been inserted distally past the retaining feature. The connector rod 1502 connects the first connector body 1504 and the second connector body 1504'. The connector rod 1502 is fixed to the connector body 1504, 1504' by the rod seat 1540, 1540'. The second connector body 1504' includes the same features as the first connector body 1504, namely, a second pair of spaced apart arms 1508a', 1508b' having a top notch feature 1510', a proximal rocker feature 1512', threads 1514', and a retention feature 1541'.

[0125] Fig. 15B Shows Fig.15A An exploded view of the modular connector assembly 1500. Fig. 15B , more details of the components of the modular connector assembly can be seen. For example, the first connector body 1504 includes a socket 1516 for receiving a corresponding first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502. The first connector body 1504 also includes an internal recess 1507 that is shaped relative to the tip 1523 of the first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502 so that the tip 1523 couples to the internal recess 1507 when the connector rod 1502 is inserted into the first connector body 1504. The tip 1523 may include one or more flat surfaces that may interface with a flat surface formed in the recess 1507 to help resist relative movement or bending of the connector rod 1502 and the connector body 1504, such as rotation of the connector rod 1502 relative to the connector body 1504 about the longitudinal axis of the rod. The first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502 also includes a flat surface 1526 extending toward the midline of the rod to facilitate coupling to the first connector body 1504 and resist certain movements, such as rotation of the rod 1502 about the longitudinal axis of the rod relative to the connector body 1504. The hole 1528 in the first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502 allows the distal post 1546 of the first rod seat 1540 to pass through the first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502.

[0126] The second connector body 1504' includes substantially the same features as the first connector body 1504. The second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502 includes a flat surface 1526' to aid in coupling to the second connector body 1504' when inserted through the receptacle 1516' and to resist certain movements, such as rotation of the rod 1502 relative to the connector body 1504 about the longitudinal axis of the rod. The hole 1528' in the second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502 allows the distal post 1546' of the second rod seat 1540' to pass through the second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502 and the second connector body 1504'. The tip 1523' of the second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502 mates with an internal recess in the second connector body 1504' (not shown in FIG. 15, see Fig. 14B 1407 in the recess and assist in coupling the second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502 when the connector rod 1502 is inserted into the second connector body 1504'. For example, the end 1523' may include one or more flat surfaces that may abut against a flat surface formed in the recess of the connector body 1504' to help resist relative movement or bending of the connector rod 1502 and the connector body 1504', such as rotation of the connector rod 1502 relative to the connector body 1504' about the longitudinal axis of the rod.

[0127] In assembling the modular connector system 1500, the first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502 can be laterally inserted into the socket 1516 of the first connector body 1504. After the first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502 is inserted, the first rod seat 1540 can be advanced distally into the U-shaped opening 1506 of the first connector body 1504. The distal post 1546 on the first rod seat 1540 can pass through the hole 1528 in the first end 1522 of the connector rod 1502 to prevent the connector rod 1502 from separating from the first connector body 1504 (see Fig. 14B ). The rod seat 1540 may have a transition fit through the hole 1528 in the connector rod 1502. Fig.16A and Fig. 16B As explained in more detail, the first rod seat 1540 can be locked in place within the first connector body 1504 by snapping into the retention feature 1541. The second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502 can be inserted into the socket 1516' of the second connector body 1504'. The second rod seat 1540' can be advanced distally into the U-shaped opening 1506' of the second connector body 1504', and the distal post 1546' of the second rod seat 1540' passes through the hole 1528' in the second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502. The rod seat 1540' can have a transition fit through the hole 1528' in the connector rod 1502. As described below in conjunction with Fig.16A and Fig. 16B As explained, the second rod seat 1540' can be locked in place within the second connector body 1504' in the same manner as the first rod seat 1540 (i.e., by snapping into the retention feature 1541'). In some embodiments, assembly can begin with inserting the components associated with the second connector body 1504'. In some embodiments, the first end 1522 and the second end 1524 of the connector rod 1502 can be inserted into the first connector body 1504 and the second connector body 1504' before the first rod seat 1540 and the second rod seat 1540' are advanced distally into the respective connector bodies 1504, 1504'.

[0128] Figure 16A-16B The rod base and the connector body (like Figure 15A-15B A detailed view of one embodiment of the present invention (such as the rod seat and connector body shown in FIG. Fig.16A In the embodiment, the rod seat 1640 is partially inserted into the connector body so that its proximal end is disposed proximal to the retaining feature 1641 of the connector body. Fig. 16B , the rod seat is fully inserted downwardly into the connector body so that its proximal end is disposed distally of the retaining feature 1641 of the connector body. The rod seat 1640 includes a proximal end having a generally U-shaped or V-shaped rod seating surface 1642 upon which a spinal rod may be seated. In some embodiments, the shape of the proximal rod seating surface may precisely match the diameter of the rod to be used with the rod seat. In other embodiments, a generally V-shaped surface or a surface having opposing planar surfaces that are angled toward each other (which may or may not meet at a center point) may accommodate the use of a variety of rods having different diameters. The proximal end of the rod seat may form a resilient arm 1642a, 1642b that may include an outward protrusion 1643a, 1643b having a distally facing bevel and a proximally facing planar surface 1644a, 1644b. In use, as the rod seat is moved from the proximal end of the connector body, the proximal end of the rod seat may be retracted from the proximal end of the connector body. Fig.16A The position of the distal Fig. 16B, the outward projections 1643a, 1643b with the distally facing bevel may contact the proximally facing bevel surface 1645 of the retaining feature 1641. As the stem seat is further advanced distally, the resilient arms 1642a, 1642b may deflect inwardly until they pass distally over the retaining feature 1641, which may be a vertical lip or shoulder formed just distal to the proximally facing bevel surface 1645. Once past the retaining feature 1641, the resilient arms 1642a, 1642b may return outwardly to their resting position, and the outward projections 1643a, 1643b may be disposed within a recess 1647 in the inner side wall of the connector body. At this point, the stem seat can be locked to prevent proximal withdrawal from the connector body because if the stem seat is moved sufficiently proximally, the proximally facing planar surfaces 1644a, 1644b of the stem seat will interfere with the distally facing surface of the retention feature 1641. The proximal-distal extension height of the groove 1647 can allow some movement of the stem seat relative to the connector body while preventing complete removal of the stem seat. The stem seat 1640 includes a distal post 1646 that is configured to pass through the hole 1628 in the connector stem 1602. In Fig. 16B , the rod seat 1640 is coupled to the connector body 1604 and the connector rod 1602. In particular, the planar proximal ends 1642a, 1642b contact the retaining features 1641 of the connector body 1604, thereby preventing the rod seat 1640 from moving proximally within the connector body 1604. The distal surface 1640d of the rod seat 1640 contacts the flat surface 1626 of the connector rod 1602. The distal post 1646 of the rod seat 1640 securely passes through the hole 1628 of the connector rod 1602.

[0129] Figure 17A-17B An embodiment of a modular connector assembly of the present disclosure is shown having first and second connector bodies and a pivotable connector lever. Fig.17AA top view of a modular assembly 1700 is shown having a first connector body 1704 and a second connector body 1704'. Each of the first connector body 1704 and the second connector body 1704' may include any of the features described herein, particularly a socket 1716, 1716' for receiving a first end or a second end of a connector rod 1702, respectively. The width of each socket 1716, 1716' may be greater than the width of a middle portion of the connector rod 1702 so that the connector rod 1702 may pivot through the width of each socket 1716, 1716'. Each of the first end and the second end of the connector rod 1702 may include at least one flat surface 1726 for complementarily coupling to the socket 1716, 1716' of each of the first connector body 1704 and the second connector body 1704'. A spring (not shown in FIG. 17, see Fig. 10A The spring 1048 in the connector rod 1702 may apply a preload or drag force on the connector rod 1702 such that moving the connector rod 1702 relative to the first connector body 1704 or the second connector body 1704' requires overcoming the preload or drag force. Fig.17A As shown, each of the first and second ends of the connector lever 1702 can pivot independently, i.e., the first end can pivot within the socket 1716 of the first connector body 1704 while the second end pivots within the socket 1716' of the second connector body 1704' simultaneously but separately. However, in some embodiments, only one of the connectors can be capable of pivotal movement while the other connector is fixed. Fig. 17B Further describing Fig.17A A top view of the pivotable connection of the modular connector assembly 1700. Fig.17A and Fig. 17B , the second end of the connector rod 1702 can be Fig.17A The first side 1716i of the socket 1716' of the second connector body 1704' is pivoted to Fig. 17B In addition, the first end of the connector rod 1702 can be moved from the second side 1716k of the socket 1716'. Fig.17A The first side 1716h of the socket 1716 of the first connector body 1704 is pivoted to Fig. 17B A second side 1716j of the socket 1716 of the first connector body 1704 is provided.

[0130] Fig. 17C Shown in more detail Fig.17A A perspective view of the modular connector system 1700. Fig. 17C, a first rod seat 1740 couples a first end 1722 of the connector rod 1702 to the first connector body 1704. A second rod seat 1740' couples a second end 1724 of the connector rod 1702 to the second connector body 1704'. The width of each of the sockets 1716, 1716' of the first connector body 1704 and the second connector body 1704' is greater than the width of the central portion of the connector rod 1702, thereby allowing the connector rod 1702 to pivot within a limited range within each of the sockets 1716, 1716' of the first connector body 1704 and the second connector body 1704'.

[0131] Fig.17D Shows Fig.17A 1700 of the modular connector system 1700. Each of the first end 1722 and the second end 1724 of the connector rod 1702 has a substantially similar Fig.12 In particular, each of the first end 1722 and the second end 1724 of the connector rod 1702 has a profile configured to match the profile of each socket formed in the connector body. The first end 1722 and the second end 1724 may have a curved shape with a diameter greater than the diameter of the central portion of the connector rod 1702. Each of the first end 1722 and the second end 1724 may have at least one flat surface 1726 to match the shape of the sockets of the first connector body and the second connector body. Each of the first end 1722 and the second end 1724 may also include a hole 1728, 1728' for receiving the distal post of the rod seat.

[0132] Fig.17E1700. A cross-sectional view of a modular assembly 1700 is shown. Shown is a configuration of a connector rod 1702 having a first end 1722 coupled to a first connector body 1704 and a second end 1724 coupled to a second connector body 1704'. The first end 1722 and the second end 1724 of the connector rod 1702 may have generally mirrored features, as described above. For example, the first end 1722 may include a pair of opposing flat surfaces 1726a, 1726b that may match the shape of the interior surface of the first connector body 1704. The first end 1722 may also have a profile, such as a curved surface 1727 extending between the flat surfaces 1726a, 1726b, that is configured to match the profile of a receptacle formed in the connector body 1704. The diameter of the curved surface may be greater than the diameter of the central portion of the connector rod 1702. The first end 1722 may include a hole 1728 that allows the distal post 1746 of the rod seat 1740 to pass therethrough and couple the connector rod 1702 and the first connector body 1704. Similarly, the second end 1724 of the connector rod 1702 may include a pair of opposing flat surfaces 1726a', 1726b' to help couple to the second connector body 1704' and resist certain movements, such as rotation of the rod 1702 relative to the connector body 1704' about the longitudinal axis of the rod. The second end 1724 may also have a profile, such as a curved surface 1727' extending between the flat surfaces 1726a', 1726b', which is configured to match the profile of the socket formed in the connector body 1704'. The diameter of the curved surface may be greater than the diameter of the central portion of the connector rod 1702. The second end portion 1724 may further include a hole 1728' for passing a distal post 1746' of a stem seat 1740' through the connector stem 1702 and coupling the stem seat 1740' to the second connector body 1704'.

[0133] Figures 18A-18D Another embodiment of a modular connector assembly is shown. Fig.18A In the illustrated embodiment, the assembly 1800 includes a first connector body 1804 having a generally U-shaped opening 1806 and a generally hook-shaped second connector body 1870. The first connector body 1804 may be similar to, for example, Figures 14A-16B, and may include any of the features of the present disclosure. The second connector body 1870 or hook body includes a convex side 1872 opposite to a concave side 1874 that forms a hook shape. The concave side 1874 may be configured to be coupled to a rod, a stick, or a portion of a patient's anatomical structure. The hook body 1870 may include a connector rod portion 1802 located on the second end of the connector rod 1802, so that the hook body 1870 and the second end of the connector rod 1802 are integrally or integrally formed, but in some embodiments they may be formed by separate components coupled to each other. The tapered portion 1830 may connect the hook body 1870 to the connector rod portion 1802, so that the hook body 1870 may have a size different from the diameter of the connector rod portion 1802.

[0134] The connector stem portion 1802 may include a first end 1822 configured to be coupled to the first connector body 1804. The first end 1822 of the connector stem portion 1802 may include a hole (not shown, see Figure 2 The hole 228 in the first end 1822 of the connector rod portion 1802 can be passed through the hole, thereby connecting the hook body 1870 to the first connector body 1804. In some embodiments, the hole in the first end 1822 of the connector rod portion 1802 can extend parallel to the plane of the hook. In some embodiments, the hole can be perpendicular to the plane of the hook. In certain embodiments, the first end 1822 of the connector rod portion 1802 may include a hole parallel to the plane of the hook and a hole perpendicular to the plane of the hook, so that the parallel hole and the vertical hole intersect at a right angle within the first end 1822 of the connector rod portion 1802. Fig.18A , the first end 1822 of the connector rod 1802 includes a hole perpendicular to the plane of the hook, which allows the concave side 1874 of the hook body 1870 to face in an inboard or outboard direction relative to the first connector body 1804.

[0135] Figure 18B-Figure 18D Shown in another orientation when connected to the first connector body Fig.18A The hook body. Fig.18B In the embodiment, the first end 1822 of the connector stem portion 1802 includes a hole parallel to the plane of the hook, which allows the concave side 1874 of the hook body 1870 to face in a distal direction relative to the first connector body 1804. Fig. 18C middle, Fig.18B The hook body 1870 and the connector stem portion 1802 are rotated 180 degrees so that the concave side 1874 of the hook body 1870 faces in the proximal direction relative to the first connector body 1804. Fig.18D middle, Fig.18A The hook body 1870 and the connector rod portion 1802 are rotated 180 degrees so that the concave side 1874 of the hook body 1870 faces the Fig.18AOpposite medial or lateral direction. Figures 18A-18D The modular assembly 1800 may also be referred to as a "UH" connector.

[0136] Figures 19A-19D Another embodiment of a modular connector assembly is shown having additional holes for inserting auxiliary fixation or multi-point bone screws. Fig.19A In the illustrated embodiment, the assembly 1900 includes a first connector body 1904 having a generally U-shaped opening 1906 and a second connector body 1980 as a multi-point or auxiliary fixing adapter. The first connector body 1904 is similar to, for example, Figures 14A-16B 1980 , and may include any of the features of the present disclosure. The second connector body 1980 or multi-point adapter may have a flat, generally oval shape with a proximal side 1980p and a distal side 1980d. The multi-point adapter 1980 may include at least one anchor hole 1982a capable of receiving a bone anchor. In some embodiments, the multi-point adapter 1980 may include a pair of anchor holes 1982a, 1982b passing through in a proximal-distal direction. The pair of anchor holes 1982a, 1982b may be parallel so that inserting a pair of bone anchors into the pair of anchor holes 1982a, 1982b will allow the pair of anchors to be parallel when coupled to the bone. In other embodiments, the anchor holes 1982a, 1982b may be angled in the same manner or in different manners so that an auxiliary fixation screw inserted therethrough may enter the patient's anatomical structure at different trajectories. Still further, in some embodiments, the anchor holes 1982a, 1982b may include threads that can receive screws at different trajectories. Additional details regarding possible multi-point or auxiliary fixation hole features and screws for use therewith can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 9,962,192; 10,898,232; 11,426,210; and 11,304,728. The entire contents of each of these patents are incorporated herein by reference.

[0137] The multi-point adapter 1980 may include a connector stem portion 1902 as an integral or integrally formed portion or a separate component coupled thereto. The proximal surface 1980p and the distal surface 1980d of the multi-point adapter 1980 may transition to the cylindrical shape of the connector stem portion 1902 at a transition point 1980t. The connector stem portion 1902 may include a first end 1922 configured to couple to the first connector body 1904. The first end 1922 may include one or more flat portions and a hole (not shown, as described above) that may allow the distal post of the stem seat 1940 to pass through the connector stem 1902 and couple it to the first connector body 1904.

[0138] Fig.19B Shows Fig.19A 19. An alternative view of a modular connector assembly of FIG. 19. In this view, it can be seen that the first connector body 1904 can include features discussed throughout the present disclosure, such as the top notch feature 1910, the proximal rocker feature 1912, and the distal rocker feature 1913.

[0139] Fig.19C and Fig.19D Shows Fig.19A An alternative embodiment of a modular connector assembly of the present invention includes an elongated connector rod 1902'. Fig.19A The modular connector assembly 1900 with Fig.19C Components 1900' are compared with Fig.19A Compared to the multi-point adapter 1980, the connector rod 1902' has a greater length, which can allow the multi-point adapter 1980' to be coupled to different anatomical structures. Fig.19C and Fig.19D In the embodiment, the first connector body 1904 and the multi-point adapter 1980' include Figure 19A-19B The first connector body 1904 and the multi-point adapter 1980 have substantially the same features. One difference is that Fig.19C and Fig.19D The transition point 1980t is at a distance d from the first connector body 1904, which is greater than Fig.19A and Fig.19B The distance separating the transition point 1980t from the connector body 1904. Figures 19A-19D The modular system 1900, 1900' may also be referred to as a "UA" connector.

[0140] Fig. 20A and Fig. 20B Another embodiment of the modular connector assembly of the present disclosure is shown. Fig. 20A , a top view of the modular connector assembly 2000 includes a first connector body 2004 similar to, for example, Figures 14A-16B , and may include any of the features of the present disclosure. The first connector body 2004 may be coupled to a second connector body 2086 as an in-line connector via the connector stem portion 2002 of the in-line connector 2086. For example, the in-line connector 2086 may be used in revision surgery to extend a previous spinal fixation construct in a cranial or caudal direction by coupling to the end of a spinal fixation rod. In particular, the surface 2090 opposite the connector stem portion 2002 may include an opening 2092 formed therein (see Fig. 20C), which can receive a rod therethrough. The in-line connector 2086 can have a generally rectangular shape having a generally planar proximal surface 2086p and a curved distal surface 2086d. The in-line connector 2086 can have a length l that is greater than its width w. The proximal surface 2086p of the in-line connector 2086 can include a pair of holes 2088a, 2088b. The holes 2088a, 2088b can have threads 2089 and be configured to receive a set screw 2091 (see Fig. 20C ), which is used to secure any rod inserted into the in-line connector from moving relative to the connector 2086. In some embodiments, the proximal surface 2086p of the in-line connector 2086 may also include a window 2087 to observe the rod inserted into the in-line connector 2086. The in-line connector 2086 can be integrally formed with the connector stem portion 2002 or coupled to the connector stem portion.

[0141] exist Fig. 20B and Fig. 20C In the Fig. 20A 2088a, 2088b. Each of the pair of holes 2088a, 2088b may include threads 2089 for coupling to a screw or other threaded component, such as the set screw 2091 described above. The connector stem portion 2002 may include a first end 2022 configured to couple to the first connector body 2004. The first end 2022 may include a hole (not shown, as described above) that allows the distal post of the stem seat to pass through the connector stem 2002 and couple the stem to the first connector body 2004. Figure 20A-20C The modular assembly 2000 may also be referred to as a "UI" connector.

[0142] Fig.21 An embodiment of a modular connector assembly is shown having a first connector body and a second connector body of an alternative shape. The modular connector assembly 2100 includes a first connector body 2104 that can have all of the features of the present disclosure. The second connector body 2204 may include a pair of spaced-apart arms 2208p, 2208d, the first arm 2208p extending from the proximal side of the second connector body 2204, and the second arm 2208d extending from the distal side of the second connector body 2204. The pair of spaced-apart arms 2208p, 2208d may define a generally C-shaped opening 2206 in the second connector body 2204. The C-shaped opening 2206 may be capable of receiving a spinal fixation element or rod within the second connector body 2204. The first arm 2208p may include a hole (in the Fig.22A Not shown, see Fig. 22BA set screw 2250 may be threaded into the first arm 2208p so that it secures the rod within the C-shaped opening 2206.

[0143] The C-shaped opening 2206 can allow the rod to be coupled to the second connector body 2204 at an angle perpendicular to the connector rod portion 2202. The connector rod portion 2202 can connect the second connector body 2204 to the first connector body 2104 via the socket 2116 in the first connector body 2104. In some embodiments, the second connector body 2204 can be integrally formed with or coupled to the connector rod portion 2202 at a second end 2224 of the connector rod 2202 opposite the C-shaped opening 2206. The connector rod portion 2202 can include a first end 2222 (at Fig.21 Not shown, as described above and see Fig. 22B The first end portion 2222 may include a hole (in Fig.21 Not shown, as described above and see Fig. 22B ), which allows the distal column of the rod seat 2140 to pass through the connector rod 2202 and connect the second connector 2204 to the first connector body 2104.

[0144] Fig.22A and Fig. 22B Shows Fig.21 Various components of modular connector assemblies. Fig.22A As shown, the first connector body 2104 may include the features discussed in the present disclosure, including the top notch feature 2110, the proximal rocker feature 2112, and the internal threads 2114. The connector body 2104 may be connected to the connector by passing the distal post (not shown, as described above) of the stem seat 2140 through the hole 2228 in the first end of the connector stem 2202 (see Fig. 22B ), the stem seat 2140 can couple the connector stem portion 2202 to the first connector body 2104. The second connector body 2204 can have a pair of spaced arms 2208p, 2208d defining a generally C-shaped opening 2206. A set screw 2250 can be screwed into a hole 2205 in the first arm 2208p on the second connector body 2204.

[0145] Fig. 22BIt is shown that the second connector body 2204 and the connector rod portion 2202 can be an integrated unit. The hole 2205 in the first arm of the second connector body can be threaded for coupling to a set screw 2250. The connector rod portion 2202 can have a first end 2222, which can include at least one flat surface 2226 to help couple and secure the second connector body 2204 to the first connector body 2104. The hole 2228 in the first end 2222 of the connector rod portion 2202 can allow the distal post of the rod seat to pass through the connector rod 2202. The end 2223 on the first end 2222 of the connector rod 2202 can have a threaded connection with an internal recess in the first connector body (see, e.g. Fig. 14B The recess 1407) in the first connector body is complementary in shape to assist in the connection of the connector rod portion 2202 within the first connector body. Figure 21-22B The modular assembly may also be referred to as a "UC" connector.

[0146] Fig.23 An embodiment of a modular connector assembly is shown having a first connector body and a second connector body of an alternative shape. The modular connector system 2300 includes a first connector body 2104 that can have any of the features disclosed herein. The second connector body 2304 may include a first connector body similar to Figure 9A-9C The top closed connector body 2304 may include a rod capture hole 2362 formed along the horizontal axis of the top closed connector body 2304. The hole in the proximal end 2304p of the top closed connector body 2304 may allow for coupling to a set screw 2350. The top closed connector body 2304 may capture the spinal rod by sliding the spinal rod through the rod capture hole 2362 along its longitudinal axis and securing the spinal rod with the set screw 2350, rather than loading from the top into the U-shaped rod seat as the first connector body 2104 may do. The top closed connector body 2304 may be integrally formed with or coupled to the connector rod 2302. The connector rod 2302 may connect the top closed connector body 2304 to the first connector body 2104. The first end of the connector rod 2302 can be inserted into the socket 2116 of the first connector body 2104 and secured within the first connector body 2104 by passing the distal post of the rod seat 2140 through the hole 2328 in the first end of the connector rod 2302 .

[0147] Fig.24A and Fig. 24B Shows Fig.23 The various components of the modular connector assembly. Fig.24AIn the embodiment of the present invention, the second or top closed connector body 2304 can be coupled to the first connector body 2104 via the connector stem portion 2302. The stem seat 2140 within the U-shaped opening 2106 of the first connector body 2104 can secure the first end of the connector stem 2302 within the first connector body 2104. The top closed connector body 2304 may include a stem capture hole 2362 extending along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the connector stem portion 2302. Fig. 24B In the embodiment of the present invention, the top closed connector body 2304 is integrally formed with the connector stem portion 2302. The hole 2305 on the proximal end 2304p of the top closed body 2304 can be threaded for coupling to the set screw 2350. The first end 2322 of the connector stem portion 2302 can include a flat surface 2326 to help assemble and securely couple to the first connector body. The hole 2328 in the first end 2322 of the connector stem 2302 can allow the distal post of the stem seat 2140 to pass through the connector stem 2302 and couple the second connector 2304 to the first connector body. When the first end 2322 of the connector stem 2302 is inserted into the socket of the first connector body, the end 2323 on the first end 2322 of the connector stem portion 2302 can have a shape that matches the internal recess of the first connector body. Figure 23-24B The modular assembly may also be referred to as a "UO" connector.

[0148] Fig.25A and Fig.25B Another embodiment of a modular connector assembly in a UR configuration is shown. Figure 1A and Figure 1B , the modular connector assembly 2500 includes a statically positioned connector rod 2502 extending from one side of a connector body 2504. The connector body 2504 can be configured to capture a spinal rod within a U-shaped recess 2506. The connector body 2504 can include all of the various engagement or attachment features described herein. Fig.25A , a side view of the modular connector system 2500 illustrates the use of Figure 1A A longer connector rod 2502' in a modular connector system. Any of a variety of rod lengths can be used, including, for example, rod lengths of about 20 mm to about 200 mm. Different connector rod diameters can also be used, including, for example, connector rod diameters of about 5.5 mm to about 6 mm, etc. Fig.25B Shows Fig.25A A perspective view of the modular connector system. Fig.25BAs can be seen in FIG. 2 , the elongated connector rod 2502 ′ can omit the taper so that the first end 2522 ′ and the second end 2524 ′ of the connector rod 2502 ′ have a consistent diameter. The omission of the taper can help facilitate receiving the connector rod 2502 ′ into the socket formed in the connector body 2504 . Fig.25A and Fig.25B Components of the modular connector system may include any of the features of the present disclosure.

[0149] Figure 26A-26C Another embodiment of a modular connector assembly in a UR configuration is shown. Fig.26A In the embodiment, the modular connector assembly 2600 may be substantially similar to Fig.25A The modular connector assembly has an elongated connector rod 2602'. Fig.26A , the connector rod 2602' can include a tapered portion 2630' between a first end 2622' and a second end 2624' of the connector rod 2602'. Fig.26B Shows Fig.26A 2 , a side view of a modular connector system having an elongated connector rod 2602' with a tapered portion 2630'. The first end 2622' of the elongated connector rod 2602' can be coupled to the connector body 2604 via a socket 2616 in the connector body 2604. The rod seat (see Fig.26A 2640) can fix the first end 2622' of the connector rod 2602' in the connector body 2604. Fig.26C Shows Fig.26A A bottom view of a modular connector assembly. In particular, Fig.26C An end slot 2618 is shown in the distal end 2604d of the connector body 2604. The distal post 2646 of the stem seat 2640 is seated within the end slot 2618, thereby securing the first end 2622' of the connector stem 2602' to the connector body 2604.

[0150] Fig.27A and Fig.27B Shows Fig.26A A modular connector assembly having a spinal rod coupled thereto. Fig.27A , a top view of modular connector assembly 2600 shows connector body 2604 coupled to connector rod 2602'. Spinal rod 2660 is coupled to connector body 2604 in U-shaped opening 2606. Spinal rod 2660 is secured within U-shaped opening 2606 by set screw 2650. The longitudinal axis of spinal rod 2660 is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of connector rod 2602'.

[0151] Fig.27B Shows Fig.26A 26. A side view of a modular connector assembly having a spinal rod coupled thereto. Spinal rod 2660 is secured in U-shaped opening 2606 of connector body 2604 by set screw 2650 having external threads complementary to threads within U-shaped opening 2606 of connector body 2604 (i.e., on the interior surface of a pair of spaced arms). Spinal rod 2660 extends from connector body 2604 with an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of connector rod 2602'.

[0152] Fig.28 One embodiment of a posterior fixation construct 2800 that can be created using the modular connector assembly described above is shown, although any of a variety of different constructs are possible by combining the modular connectors described above with other spinal fixation elements. Fig.28 In the embodiment of the present invention, a modular connector assembly 2700 in a UR configuration is used. The first bone anchor 2802 can be coupled to the second end 2724 of the connector rod 2702 by fixing the second end 2724 of the connector rod 2702 in the recess of the first bone anchor 2802 with a set screw 2850. The first end 2722 of the connector rod 2702 is coupled to the connector body 2704 via a socket 2716 in the connector body 2704. The connector rod 2702 includes a tapered portion 2730 located between the first end 2722 and the second end 2724. The spinal rod 2760 is fixed in a U-shaped opening formed by a pair of spaced arms 2708a, 2708b on the proximal end of the connector body 2704. The spinal rod 2760 is fixed with a set screw 2750. The second bone anchor 2802' can be coupled to the spinal rod 2760 adjacent to the connector body 2704. The spinal rod 2760 is secured within the recess of the second bone anchor 2802' by a set screw 2850'. The spinal rod 2760 is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the connector rod 2702. Any of a variety of different configurations are possible by combining the above-described modular connectors and other spinal fixation elements in different combinations, including combinations of connector bodies with statically positioned connector rods, pivoting connector rods, flanged connector rods, connector rods of different diameters, connector rods of different lengths, different types of connector bodies (e.g., top loading, closed / side loading, etc.), etc.

[0153] Fig.29 Shows something like Fig.28 The rear part of the structure is fixed with the structure 3000. In particular, Fig.29, the second end 2924 of the connector rod includes a flanged end 2925. The first bone anchor 3002 is coupled to the second end 2924 of the connector rod 2902 via a set screw 3050. The first end 2922 of the connector rod 2902 extends into a socket 2916 in the connector body 2904 of the modular connector assembly 2900. The socket 2916 of the connector body 2904 has an enlarged width to allow the connector rod 2902 to pivot when coupled to the connector body 2904. Fig.29 2916, but pivoting in the opposite direction is also possible. The spinal rod 2960 is secured within a U-shaped opening formed by a pair of spaced arms 2908a, 2908b on the proximal end of the connector body 2904. The spinal rod 2960 is secured with a set screw 2950. A second bone anchor 3002' can be coupled to the spinal rod 2960 adjacent the connector body 2904. The second bone anchor 3002' is secured to the spinal rod 2960 by a set screw 3050'. Fig.28 Unlike the spinal rod in FIG. 29, since the connector rod 2902 is pivoted to the first side of the socket 2916, Fig.29 The spinal rod 2960 extends at an oblique angle to the connector rod 2902.

[0154] Fig.30 A perspective view of a UR modular connector assembly of the present disclosure is shown. The modular connector assembly 3100 includes a connector body 3104 and an elongated connector rod 3102 and a rod seat 3140. The connector body 3104 may include the following: Figure 1A The connector rod 3102 may include a first end 3122 configured to be coupled to the connector body 3104 and a second end 3124 having a flanged end 3125. The socket 3116 in the connector body 3104 may have an expanded width that allows the connector rod 3102 to pivot within the socket 3116 of the connector body 3104 when the connector rod 3102 is coupled to the connector body 3104 via the rod seat 3140. The distal post of the rod seat 3140 may couple the first end 3122 of the connector rod 3102 to the connector body 3104 by extending through the hole in the first end 3122 of the connector rod 3102. As described above, the rod seat 3140 may be locked within the connector body 3104 by a press fit connection or a swaged connection.

[0155] Fig.31A and Fig.31B Shows Fig.30 Additional views of the UR modular connector assembly. Fig.31A, a side view of a modular connector assembly 3100 shows an elongated connector rod 3102 having a flange 3125 on a first end 3122 and a second end 3124. The first end 3122 includes a pair of opposing flat surfaces 3126a, 3126b that match the profile of a socket 3116 in a connector body 3104. The pair of opposing flat surfaces 3126a, 3126b can also facilitate pivoting of the connector rod 3102 within the socket 3116. The connector rod 3102 is fixed within the connector body 3104 via a distal post of a rod seat 3140. Fig.31B Shows Fig.30 3104 . In this view, the extended width of the socket 3116 of the connector body 3104 relative to the extended width of the connector rod 3102 is visible. The width of the socket 3116 allows the connector rod 3102 to pivot within a limited range of motion when coupled to the connector body 3104. The distal end 3104d of the connector body includes a hole 3118. When the rod seat is coupled to the connector rod 3102 and the connector body 3104, the hole 3118 receives the distal post 3146 of the rod seat.

[0156] Fig.32 shows the connection to the spinal rod Fig.30 As described above, the modular connector system 3100 includes a connector body 3104, a rod seat (in Fig.32 3104 ), a connector rod 3102 and a set screw 3150. The spinal rod 3160 is positioned within a U-shaped opening defined by a pair of spaced arms 3108a, 3108b of the connector body 3104. The spinal rod 3160 is secured to the connector body 3104 by the set screw 3150. The connector rod 3102 is coupled to the connector body 3104 via a socket 3116 in the connector body 3104 and is secured to the connector body 3104 via a distal post of a rod seat that passes through a hole in a first end 3122 of the connector rod 3102. Fig.32 3160, the connector rod 3102 pivots until one side of the rod contacts the edge of the socket 3116 at point p. In this pivoted configuration, the longitudinal axis of the connector rod 3102 extends obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the spinal rod 3160. In some embodiments, the connector assembly can be configured to provide up to about 48 degrees of pivotal motion between the connector rod 3102 and the connector body 3104, i.e., about 24 degrees in either direction relative to the configuration where the longitudinal axis of the connector rod 3102 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spinal rod 3160. In other embodiments, the socket 3116 of the connector body 3104 and / or the rod 3102 can be configured differently to provide more or less range of pivotal motion therebetween.

[0157] Fig.33 shows the connection to the spinal rod Fig.30 104 and 106. The spinal rod 3160 is shown as being positioned within the U-shaped opening 3106 of the connector body 3104 and is secured to the connector body 3104 by the set screw 3150. The set screw 3150 includes external threads to facilitate coupling to the connector body 3104. The first end 3122 of the connector rod is shown as having opposing flat surfaces 3126a, 3126b to facilitate coupling to the socket 3116 and the interior surface of the connector body 3104. The socket 3116 has an enlarged width to allow the connector rod 3102 to be positioned as shown in FIG. Fig.32 Pivot as shown.

[0158] Fig.34 A perspective view of one embodiment of a fixed structure 3300 that can be created using the modular connector assembly 3200 is shown. Fig.34 In the embodiment, the UR modular connector assembly 3200 includes a connector body 3204, a rod seat (not shown, see Fig.16A The rod seat 1640 in the embodiment of the present invention), the set screw 3250 and the connector rod 3202. The connector rod 3202 may include the present disclosure (such as Fig.29 The second end 3224 of the connector rod 3202 is coupled to the first bone anchor 3302 via a set screw 3350. The first bone anchor 3302 includes a receiving head 3304 for receiving the second end 3224 of the connector rod 3202 and a threaded distal shank 3306 for coupling the bone anchor 3302 to the bone. A spinal rod 3260 is coupled to the connector body 3204, the spinal rod 3260 being positioned within the U-shaped opening 3206 of the connector body 3204 and secured to the connector body 3204 with a set screw 3250. The connector body 3204 may include any of the features disclosed herein, including but not limited to threads, top notch features, and the like. The connector body 3204 includes a socket 3216 having an extended width such that the connector rod 3202 can pivot about the width of the socket 3216. A second bone anchor 3302' is also coupled to the spinal rod 3260. The second bone anchor 3302' includes a receiver head 3304' and a threaded distal post 3306', similar to those of the first bone anchor 3302. The second bone anchor 3302' is coupled to the spinal rod 3260 by a set screw 3350'. The second bone anchor 3302' is positioned adjacent to the connector body 3204 of the modular connector system 3200, however, the second bone anchor 3302' can be coupled to the spinal rod 3260 at any distance from the connector body 3204 along the length of the spinal rod 3260.

[0159] Fig.35 Another embodiment of a rear fixing structure 3500 utilizing the modular connector assembly 3400 of the present disclosure is shown. Fig.35 In the embodiment, the modular connector assembly 3400 includes at least a first connector body 3404, a second connector body 3404' and a connector rod 3402. The "UU" connector can be similar to Fig.17A The connector shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to pivot about the connector rod 3402 because at least one of the connector bodies 3404, 3404' may be configured to pivot about the connector rod 3402. The first connector body 3404 and the second connector body 3404' may include any of the features disclosed herein. The first connector body 3404 is coupled to the first spinal rod 3460 via a set screw 3450. The first spinal rod 3460 includes a bend 3461 at a first end 3464 of the first spinal rod 3460. The first bone anchor 3502 is coupled to the first end 3464 of the first spinal rod 3460 via a set screw 3550 and is disposed at a distance from the first connector body 3404, opposite the bend 3461. The second connector body 3404' is coupled to the second spinal rod 3560 via a set screw 3450'. On opposite sides of the second connector body 3404' are a second bone anchor 3502' and a third bone anchor 3502". Each of the second bone anchor 3502' and the third bone anchor 3502" are coupled to the second spinal rod 3560 via a set screw 3550', 3550".

[0160] In this configuration, the connector rod 3402 pivots about the socket (not shown) of the first connector body 3404 such that the longitudinal axis of the second end 3466 of the first spinal rod 3460 extends obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis of the second spinal rod 3560. Due to the bend 3461 at the first end 3464 of the first spinal rod 3460, the longitudinal axis of the first end 3464 of the first spinal rod 3460 can be positioned parallel and in line with the longitudinal axis of the second spinal rod 3560.

[0161] From this and other illustrations included herein, it is apparent that the modular connector assembly of the present disclosure can enable the production of a variety of fixed structures and provide a versatile tool for surgeons and other users. Various individual components can be combined in various ways to produce a variety of assemblies, all of which can utilize some common basic components (e.g., set screws, rod seats, etc.). In addition, the modular connector assembly of the present disclosure can be manufactured into any of a variety of sizes so that they can be used with spinal fixation rods or other fixation elements, bone screws, etc. of different sizes. For example, larger modular assemblies can be used for lower regions of the spine, such as the lumbar and sacral regions, while smaller modular assemblies can be used for higher regions of the spine, such as the thoracic and cervical regions.

[0162] The various devices and methods disclosed herein can be used in minimally invasive surgery and / or open surgery. Although the various devices and methods disclosed herein are generally described in the context of surgery on human patients, the methods and devices disclosed herein can be used in any of a variety of surgical procedures on any human or animal subject, or in non-surgical procedures.

[0163] The various devices disclosed herein can be constructed from any of a variety of known materials. Exemplary materials include materials suitable for use in surgical applications, including metals (such as stainless steel, titanium, nickel, cobalt-chromium, or alloys and combinations thereof), polymers (such as PEEK), ceramics, carbon fiber, and the like. In addition, various manufacturing methods can be utilized, including 3D printing or other additive manufacturing techniques, as well as more conventional manufacturing techniques, including molding, stamping, casting, machining, and the like.

[0164] The various devices or components disclosed herein may be designed to be discarded after a single use, or they may be designed to be used multiple times. However, in either case, the various devices or components may be used again after being repaired after at least one use. Repair may include any combination of disassembly, cleaning or replacement of specific parts, and subsequent reassembly steps. Specifically, the device or component is detachable, and any number of specific parts or accessories thereof may be selectively replaced or removed in any combination. After cleaning and / or replacing specific accessories, the device or component may be reassembled for subsequent use at a repair facility or by a surgical team just before a surgical operation. The repair of a device or component may utilize various techniques for disassembly, cleaning / replacement, and reassembly. The use of such techniques and the resulting repair device or component are within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0165] Various devices or components described herein can be processed before being used in surgical operations. For example, new or used devices or components can be obtained and cleaned as needed. Devices or components can be sterilized. In a sterilization technique, devices or components can be placed in closed and sealed containers (such as plastic or TYVEK bags). The container and its contents can be placed in a radiation field that can penetrate the container, such as gamma radiation, x-rays or high-energy electrons. Radiation can kill bacteria on devices or components and in containers. Sterilized devices or components can be stored in sterile containers. Sealed containers can keep devices or components sterile until they are opened in medical facilities. Other forms of sterilization can also be used, including beta radiation or other forms of radiation, ethylene oxide, steam or liquid baths (e.g., cold soaking). Due to factors such as the materials used, the presence of electronic components, some forms of sterilization may be more suitable for different devices or components or parts thereof.

[0166] In the present disclosure, phrases such as "at least one of ... " or "one or more of ... " may appear after the connected list of elements or features. The term "and / or" may also appear in a list of two or more elements or features. Unless otherwise implicitly or explicitly contradicted by the context in which it is used, such phrases are intended to mean any of the elements or features listed separately or any of the elements or features combined with any of the elements or features listed with other elements or features. For example, the phrases "at least one of A and B", "one or more of A and B" and "A and / or B" are each intended to mean "single A, single B or A and B together". Similar explanations also apply to lists including three or more items. For example, the phrases "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B and C" and "A, B and / or C" are each intended to mean "single A, single B, single C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together or A and B and C together". In addition, the use of the term "based on" is intended to mean "based at least in part", so that unlisted features or elements are also allowed.

[0167] Additional features and advantages based on the above-described embodiments are possible and within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited by what has been specifically shown and described. All publications and references cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, unless any definition, subject matter waives or denies a claim, and unless the incorporated material is inconsistent with the express disclosure of this article, in which case the language of the present disclosure shall prevail.

[0168] Examples of the above embodiments may include the following:

[0169] 1. A modular connector assembly, comprising:

[0170] a first connector having a first opening therein, the first opening being configured to receive a spinal fixation element;

[0171] a second connector extending into the first connector through a second opening formed therein, the second connector having a hole formed in a first end portion thereof, the first end portion being disposed within the first connector; and

[0172] A coupler is disposed in the first connector and passes through the hole of the second connector to prevent the first connector and the second connector from being separated.

[0173] 2. The assembly of Example 1, further comprising a set screw threadably coupled to the first connector.

[0174] 3. The assembly of Example 2, further comprising a spinal fixation element disposed within the first opening of the first connector, wherein the set screw pushes the spinal fixation element toward the coupler.

[0175] 4. The assembly according to any one of Examples 1 to 3,

[0176] wherein the second end of the second connector extends through the first opening of the third connector; and

[0177] The second coupler is disposed in the third connector and passes through a hole formed in the second end of the second connector to prevent the second connector from being separated from the third connector.

[0178] 5. The assembly of Example 4, wherein at least one of the first connector and the third connector is configured to pivot relative to the second connector.

[0179] 6. An assembly according to any of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the first opening is generally U-shaped with an open proximal end and is defined by spaced-apart arms of the first connector.

[0180] 7. An assembly according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the first opening is formed through opposing side walls of the first connector and has a closed proximal end.

[0181] 8. The assembly of any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein the first connector comprises

[0182] An internal thread surface is configured to interface with an external thread of a set screw.

[0183] 9. An assembly according to any one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein a shape of the second opening of the first connector substantially matches a shape of a portion of the second connector extending through the second opening.

[0184] 10. A component according to any one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein the shape of the second opening of the first connector is larger in one dimension than the shape of the portion of the second connector extending through the second opening, so that the second connector can pivot in one direction relative to the first connector.

[0185] 11. The assembly of Example 10, further comprising a spring disposed within the first connector and configured to apply a drag force upon pivotal movement of the second connector relative to the first connector.

[0186] 12. An assembly according to any of Examples 1 to 11, wherein the second connector includes a rod extending from the first connector.

[0187] 13. The assembly of example 12, wherein the second end of the rod has a flange.

[0188] 14. A component according to any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the second connector includes spaced-apart arms defining a generally C-shaped opening having an open end opposite to the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0189] 15. An assembly according to any of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the second connector includes an opening formed through a side wall thereof having a closed proximal end.

[0190] 16. An assembly according to any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the second connector includes a hook formed opposite to the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0191] 17. A component according to any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the second connector includes a plurality of auxiliary fixing openings, and the plurality of auxiliary fixing openings are formed opposite to the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0192] 18. A component according to any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the second connector includes a rectangular body having a plurality of holes formed therein, the plurality of holes being opposite to the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

[0193] 19. An assembly according to any of Examples 1 to 18, wherein the connector includes a proximally facing rod receiving surface.

[0194] 20. The assembly of Example 19, wherein the rod receiving surface comprises either a curved surface and opposing planar surfaces angled toward each other.

[0195] 21. An assembly according to any of Examples 1 to 20, wherein the connector includes a distally extending post configured to extend through the hole formed in the second connector.

[0196] 22. The assembly of any of Examples 1 to 21, wherein the coupler includes spaced-apart arms configured to engage an inner surface of the first connector.

[0197] The retaining features on the coupling engage to prevent the coupling from being removed from the first connector.

[0198] 23. A method of assembling a modular connector, the method comprising:

[0199] inserting the first connector through the opening of the second connector to dispose the first end of the first connector within the second connector; and

[0200] A coupler is inserted through the second opening of the second connector and the hole formed in the first end of the first connector to prevent the first connector and the second connector from being separated.

[0201] 24. The method of example 23, further comprising threading a set screw into the first connector.

[0202] 25. The method of example 24 further comprising inserting a spinal fixation element into the first connector and rotating the set screw to push the spinal fixation element toward the coupler.

[0203] 26. The method of any one of Examples 23 to 25, further comprising:

[0204] inserting the second end of the first connector into the opening of the third connector;

[0205] as well as

[0206] The second coupling is inserted into the third connector and passes through a hole formed in the second end portion of the first connector to prevent the first connector and the third connector from being separated.

[0207] 27. The method of Example 26, further comprising pivoting at least one of the second connector and the third connector relative to the first connector.

[0208] 28. The method of any one of Examples 23 to 27, further comprising inserting a spring into the second connector to apply a drag force upon pivotal movement of the first connector relative to the second connector.

[0209] 29. The method of Example 28, further comprising inserting the coupler through a hole formed in the spring.

[0210] 30. The method of any one of Examples 23 to 29, further comprising pivoting the first connector relative to the second connector.

Claims

1. A modular connector assembly, comprising: a first connector having a first opening therein, the first opening being configured to receive a spinal fixation element; a second connector extending into the first connector through a second opening formed therein, the second connector having a hole formed in a first end portion thereof, the first end portion being disposed within the first connector; and A coupler is disposed in the first connector and passes through the hole of the second connector to prevent the first connector and the second connector from being separated.

2. The assembly of claim 1, further comprising a set screw threadably coupled to the first connector.

3. The assembly of claim 2, further comprising a spinal fixation element disposed within the first opening of the first connector, wherein: The set screw pushes the spinal fixation element toward the coupler.

4. The assembly according to claim 1, in, The second end of the second connector extends through the first opening of the third connector; and The second coupler is disposed in the third connector and passes through a hole formed in the second end of the second connector to prevent the second connector from being separated from the third connector.

5. The assembly according to claim 4, wherein: At least one of the first connector and the third connector is configured to pivot relative to the second connector.

6. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The first opening is generally U-shaped with an open proximal end and is defined by spaced-apart arms of the first connector.

7. The assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The first opening is formed through opposing side walls of the first connector and has a closed proximal end.

8. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The first connector includes an internal threaded surface configured to interface with external threads of a set screw.

9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The shape of the second opening of the first connector generally matches the shape of a portion of the second connector extending through the second opening.

10. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The second opening of the first connector has a shape that is larger in one dimension than a shape of a portion of the second connector that extends through the second opening, such that the second connector can pivot in one direction relative to the first connector.

11. The assembly of claim 10, further comprising a spring disposed within the first connector and configured to apply a drag force upon pivotal movement of the second connector relative to the first connector.

12. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The second connector includes a rod extending from the first connector.

13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein: The second end of the rod has a flange.

14. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The second connector includes spaced apart arms defining a generally C-shaped opening having an open end opposite the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

15. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The second connector includes an opening formed through a side wall thereof having a closed proximal end.

16. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The second connector includes a hook formed opposite to the first end portion of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

17. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The second connector includes a plurality of auxiliary fixing openings formed opposite to the first end portion of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

18. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The second connector includes a rectangular body having a plurality of holes formed therein, the plurality of holes being opposite to the first end of the second connector disposed within the first connector.

19. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The coupler includes a proximally facing rod receiving surface.

20. The assembly of claim 19, wherein: The rod receiving surface includes any one of a curved surface and opposing planar surfaces that are angled toward each other.

21. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The coupler includes a distally extending post configured to extend through the aperture formed in the second connector.

22. The assembly of claim 1, wherein: The coupler includes spaced-apart arms configured to interface with retention features on an interior surface of the first connector to prevent removal of the coupler from the first connector.

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