Efficient crown-changing grafting method and grafting device for idesia polycarpa

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient crown-changing grafting method and grafting device for idesia polycarpa, and belongs to the technical field of plant grafting, the grafting method comprises the steps of carefully selecting stocks and scions, reasonably processing notches of the stocks and the scions, accurately grafting, fixing by using a special clamp, covering with a moisturizing film and the like, and subsequent management is emphasized. The grafting device is mainly composed of an adjustable grafting clamp, a moisturizing film with good air permeability and a stable operation platform. The method can effectively improve the grafting survival rate of the idesia polycarpa, simplifies the operation process, overcomes the defects of a traditional grafting method, and has positive significance on the development of the idesia polycarpa planting industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, and in particular to a high-efficiency crown-changing grafting method and a grafting device for Castanopsis sylvestris. Background Art

[0002] Ailanthus altissima (scientific name: Ailanthus altissima) is an important economic crop, and its fruit has rich nutritional and medicinal value. However, the current Ailanthus altissima grafting technology has obvious limitations. Traditional grafting methods such as cleft grafting and cut grafting have low survival rates and complicated operation processes in Ailanthus altissima grafting practice. These methods are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also require high skills from the operators. In addition, due to the complexity of the grafting operation and the influence of environmental factors, the healing process after grafting is prone to problems, such as long healing time and susceptibility to bacterial infection, which seriously restricts the development of the Ailanthus altissima planting industry and the improvement of economic benefits. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative, efficient and easy-to-operate Ailanthus altissima crown grafting method and supporting device. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention is intended to provide a method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A high-efficiency crown replacement grafting method for Castanopsis sylvestris, comprising the following specific steps:

[0006] S1: Prepare tools and materials, including grafting knife, grafting device, moisturizing film, sprayer and cleaning cloth; S2: Select healthy tung oil tree rootstock with a diameter of 1-2 cm, ensure that it is free of diseases and insect pests and grows robustly, and select tung oil tree scion that is healthy and free of diseases and insect pests. The scion should be a branch of the current year, with a length of about 15-20 cm;

[0007] S3: Make an incision 10-15 cm above the ground. The incision is about 3-5 cm long and 1 / 3 of the diameter of the rootstock. Use a grafting knife to make sure the incision is smooth and burr-free.

[0008] S4: Cut the scion into branches about 8 cm long, retain 3 buds, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape. The wedge surface should be smooth and without cracks, and the length should be about 2-3 cm. Use a clean cloth to wipe the scion to remove dust and dirt on the surface;

[0009] S5: Insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock, making sure that the cambium of the scion and the rootstock are aligned. After alignment, gently press the scion to make it closely contact the rootstock;

[0010] S6: Use the grafting device to fix the scion to the rootstock, adjusting the width of the clamp to ensure that the clamp arms are close to the rootstock but not too tight;

[0011] S7: Cover the grafting site with a moisturizing film, making sure that the entire cut and scion are covered, and use a sprayer to spray water to maintain humidity;

[0012] S8: Check the grafted site regularly, maintain humidity, and prevent diseases and insect pests. Check once a day within 7-10 days after grafting to ensure that the moisturizing film is intact.

[0013] Preferably, the post-grafting management also includes appropriately reducing the frequency of watering during the healing process to avoid root rot caused by excessive moisture.

[0014] Preferably, a grafting device for the high-efficiency crown-changing grafting method of Castanopsis schrenkiana according to claim 1, the grafting device comprises an adjustable clamping arm and a fixing seat, the adjustable clamping arm is arranged on the fixing seat;

[0015] The adjustable clamping arm is composed of a pair of clamping plate assemblies and an adjusting bolt. A threaded hole is arranged at one end of the clamping plate assembly, and the adjusting bolt is threadedly connected in the threaded hole of the clamping plate assembly.

[0016] Preferably, the material of the clamping plate assembly and the adjusting bolt is stainless steel.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. Improve the survival rate of grafting, and handle the stock and scion carefully, including the clear requirements for the position, length, depth of the stock incision and the cutting of the scion, to ensure the precise alignment of the cambium of the scion and the stock, and improve the success rate of cambium cell fusion. The special grafting device can firmly fix the scion to prevent displacement, and the moisturizing membrane has good air permeability, creating a suitable humidity environment for the grafting site, reducing water loss and bacterial growth, and promoting wound healing.

[0019] 2. Simplify the operation process, with complete standardized grafting steps, reduce the skill requirements for operators, and make it easy to use. The adjustable clamp arm of the grafting device can adapt to different rootstock diameters, reduce operation adjustment time, improve grafting efficiency, and reduce complexity.

[0020] 3. Promote industrial development, improve grafting survival rate, reduce costs and increase the number of successfully grafted plants, which is conducive to expanding the planting scale and increasing fruit yield, thereby increasing economic benefits. The method and device are easy to master and promote, which can promote the technological upgrading and sustainable development of the Castanopsis chinensis planting industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the steps of a highly efficient crown replacement grafting method for Castanopsis sylvestris;

[0022] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the grafting device.

[0023] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include:

[0024] 1. Grafting device; 2. Adjustable clamp arm; 3. Fixed seat; 4. Clamp assembly; 5. Adjusting bolt; 6. Threaded hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the specific operation process of a high-efficiency crown replacement grafting method for Castanopsis sylvestris includes:

[0027] S1: Prepare tools and materials, including grafting knife, grafting device 1, moisturizing film, sprayer and cleaning cloth;

[0028] S2: Select healthy tung oil tree rootstock with a diameter of 1-2 cm, ensure that it is free of diseases and insect pests and grows robustly, and select tung oil tree scion that grows robustly and is free of diseases and insect pests. The scion should be a branch grown in the current year, with a length of about 15-20 cm;

[0029] S3: Make an incision 10-15 cm above the ground. The incision is about 3-5 cm long and 1 / 3 of the diameter of the rootstock. Use a grafting knife to make sure the incision is smooth and burr-free.

[0030] S4: Cut the scion into branches about 8 cm long, retain 3 buds, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape. The wedge surface should be smooth and without cracks, and the length should be about 2-3 cm. Use a clean cloth to wipe the scion to remove dust and dirt on the surface;

[0031] S5: Insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock, making sure that the cambium of the scion and the rootstock are aligned. After alignment, gently press the scion to make it closely contact the rootstock;

[0032] S6: Use the grafting device 1 to fix the scion on the rootstock, and adjust the width of the clamp to ensure that the clamp arm is close to the rootstock but not too squeezed;

[0033] S7: Cover the grafting site with a moisturizing film, making sure that the entire cut and scion are covered, and use a sprayer to spray water to maintain humidity;

[0034] S8: Check the grafted site regularly, maintain humidity, and prevent diseases and insect pests. Check once a day within 7-10 days after grafting to ensure that the moisturizing film is intact.

[0035] Post-grafting management also includes reducing the frequency of watering appropriately during the healing process to avoid excessive moisture that can cause root rot.

[0036] The grafting device 1 comprises an adjustable clamping arm 2 and a fixing seat 3, wherein the adjustable clamping arm 2 is arranged on the fixing seat 3;

[0037] The adjustable clamp arm 2 consists of a pair of clamp plate assemblies 4 and an adjusting bolt 5. A threaded hole 6 is provided at one end of the clamp plate assembly 4. The adjusting bolt 5 is threadedly connected to the threaded hole 6 of the clamp plate assembly 4. The opening and closing of the clamp plate assembly 4 can be adjusted by tightening or loosening the adjusting bolt 5, thereby realizing the adjustment of the clamp arm to clamp stock of different diameters.

[0038] The adjustable clamp arm 2 is made of a light and corrosion-resistant material, and the fixing seat 3 is made of a stable and non-deformable material. The present invention uses stainless steel as the main material.

[0039] The specific implementation process is as follows:

[0040] Stock processing: Use a clean cloth to wipe the bark around the selected position of the stock (10-15 cm from the ground) to remove surface impurities for accurate operation.

[0041] Use the grafting knife to make incisions at the selected location. Keep the knife steady, cut at a 30-45 degree angle between the blade and the stock trunk, and control the incision length to 3-5 cm and the depth to 1 / 3 of the stock diameter. During the cutting process, pay attention to even force to ensure that the incision is smooth and burr-free, and avoid tearing or damage to the tissue at the incision.

[0042] After further completing the incision, gently wipe the surface of the incision again with a clean cloth to remove any impurities such as sawdust that may remain and keep the incision clean.

[0043] Scion processing: further wipe the selected scion branches carefully with a clean cloth to remove surface dust, dirt and possible pathogens.

[0044] Further use a sharp grafting knife to cut the scion into branches about 8 cm long. The cut should be flat and smooth to reduce squeezing and damage to the branch tissue.

[0045] The lower end of the scion is further cut into a wedge shape, and the wedge surface should be smooth and without cracks. When cutting, first cut obliquely from one side of the lower end of the branch, the cutting depth is about 2-3 cm, and then cut at the same angle and depth on the other side to form a symmetrical wedge. The angle between the two inclined surfaces of the wedge is about 30-45 degrees, ensuring that it matches the shape of the rootstock cut for a close fit.

[0046] After further cutting, three full buds are retained on the scion, and the buds are evenly distributed and moderately spaced to ensure that the scion can grow normally and sprout new branches after grafting.

[0047] Grafting operation, further carefully insert the processed scion into the cut of the stock, so that the wedge-shaped surface of the scion fits tightly with the wood of the cut of the stock, and at the same time ensure that the cambium of the scion and the stock are aligned. Cambium alignment is the key to successful grafting. The bark texture of the scion and the stock can be observed by naked eyes, and the cambium of the two should be completely overlapped at the cut as much as possible.

[0048] After further scion insertion, gently press the scion to make it in close contact with the rootstock, ensuring that there is no gap at the interface, which is conducive to the mutual fusion of cambium cells and the transmission of nutrients.

[0049] Fix, further take out the prepared grafting device 1, open the clamp arm, put the clamp on the grafting part, turn the adjusting bolt 5, adjust the opening and closing of the clamp assembly 4, and adjust the width of the adjustable clamp arm 2, so that the adjustable clamp arm 2 is close to the rootstock and the scion, but not too squeezed, so as to firmly fix the scion without affecting its normal growth. By rotating the adjusting bolt 5, gradually reduce the distance between the clamp arms until you feel that the clamp has a moderate clamping force on the grafting part.

[0050] Further check the fixation of the grafting device 1 to ensure that the scion will not shift or shake in the fixture. During the fixation process, attention should be paid to keeping the relative position of the scion and the rootstock unchanged to avoid dislocation of the cambium due to improper operation.

[0051] To keep the skin moist, further unfold the moisturizing film and cover it on the grafting site, making sure that the coverage includes the entire incision and scion part, as well as the 2-3 cm area above and below the rootstock and scion. When covering, make sure that the moisturizing film is flat and wrinkle-free, and fits the grafting site tightly to prevent air from entering and causing water to lose too quickly.

[0052] Further, use a sprayer to spray water evenly on the surface of the moisturizing film to maintain a certain humidity inside the moisturizing film and create an environment conducive to grafting healing. When spraying water, the spray volume should be controlled to avoid excessive water accumulation in the moisturizing film to form water droplets, which will cause the growth of bacteria. Generally, it is appropriate to slightly moisten the surface of the moisturizing film each time you spray water. Depending on the humidity of the environment, spray water every 1-2 days.

[0053] Follow-up management: Check the grafting site regularly. Check the grafting site once a day within 7-10 days after grafting. Check whether the moisture film is intact, whether there is any damage or leakage; whether there are any abnormal changes in the joint between the scion and the rootstock, such as whether there are symptoms such as blackening and rot; observe whether the buds on the scion remain plump and whether there are any signs of shriveling or mildew.

[0054] Starting from the 10th day after grafting, check every 2-3 days using the same method as above. At the same time, pay attention to whether there are any pests or diseases around the grafting site. If there are any signs of pests or bacteria, take corresponding prevention and control measures in time.

[0055] Maintain humidity. According to the ambient humidity and humidity inside the moisturizing film, reasonably adjust the frequency of water spraying. In dry weather or when the ambient humidity is low, appropriately increase the number of water spraying; in humid weather or when the ambient humidity is high, reduce the number of water spraying or extend the interval between water spraying. Always keep the relative humidity inside the moisturizing film between 80% and 90% to promote the healing of the grafted part and prevent root rot caused by excessive moisture.

[0056] To prevent pests and diseases, regularly inspect the environment around the grafted seedlings, clean up fallen leaves, weeds and other debris, and reduce the breeding grounds for pests and diseases. Set up insect-proof nets around the grafted seedlings to prevent pests from invading. If pests are found, give priority to biological control methods, such as releasing natural enemies of pests and using biological pesticides; if the pests and diseases are serious, low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides can be used for prevention and control, but care should be taken to avoid pesticides from causing damage to the grafted seedlings.

[0057] The above is only an embodiment of the present invention, and the common knowledge such as the known specific technical solutions and / or characteristics in the solution is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, several modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency crown-changing grafting method for Castanopsis sylvestris, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1: Prepare tools and materials, including grafting knife, grafting device (1), moisturizing film, sprayer and cleaning cloth; S2: Select healthy tung oil tree rootstock with a diameter of 1-2 cm, ensure that it is free of diseases and insect pests and grows robustly, and select tung oil tree scion that grows robustly and is free of diseases and insect pests. The scion should be a branch grown in the current year, with a length of about 15-20 cm; S3: Make an incision 10-15 cm above the ground. The incision is about 3-5 cm long and 1 / 3 of the diameter of the rootstock. Use a grafting knife to make sure the incision is smooth and burr-free. S4: Cut the scion into branches about 8 cm long, retain 3 buds, and cut the lower end into a wedge shape. The wedge surface should be smooth and without cracks, and the length should be about 2-3 cm. Use a clean cloth to wipe the scion to remove dust and dirt on the surface; S5: Insert the scion into the cut of the rootstock, making sure that the cambium of the scion and the rootstock are aligned. After alignment, gently press the scion to make it closely contact the rootstock; S6: Use the grafting device (1) to fix the scion on the rootstock, and adjust the width of the clamp to ensure that the clamp arm is close to the rootstock but not too tight; S7: Cover the grafting site with a moisturizing film, making sure that the entire cut and scion are covered, and use a sprayer to spray water to maintain humidity; S8: Check the grafted site regularly, maintain humidity, and prevent diseases and insect pests. Check once a day within 7-10 days after grafting to ensure that the moisturizing film is intact.

2. The method for high-efficiency crown replacement grafting of Castanopsis affine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The post-grafting management also includes appropriately reducing the frequency of watering during the healing process to avoid excessive moisture that may cause root rot.

3. A grafting device (1) for the high-efficiency crown-changing grafting method of Castanopsis sylvestris according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting device (1) comprises an adjustable clamping arm (2) and a fixing seat (3), wherein the adjustable clamping arm (2) is arranged on the fixing seat (3); The adjustable clamp arm (2) is composed of a pair of clamp plate assemblies (4) and an adjusting bolt (5); a threaded hole (6) is provided at one end of the clamp plate assembly (4), and the adjusting bolt (5) is threadedly connected in the threaded hole (6) of the clamp plate assembly (4).

4. The grafting device (1) for the high-efficiency crown-changing grafting method of Castanopsis sylvestris according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the clamping plate assembly (4) and the adjusting bolt (5) is stainless steel.

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