A biodiesel microchannel reactor and its reaction method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of chemical reactors, and discloses a biodiesel microchannel reactor and a reaction method thereof. The key technical points of the technical solution are as follows: A biodiesel microchannel reactor includes: a reactor housing; a plurality of connection channels provided in the reactor housing, a heat exchange channel is formed in the connection channels, and every two adjacent heat exchange channels are connected and communicated; Through reasonable feed amount control, an efficient material replacement mechanism and precise reaction time management, the present application can effectively improve the reaction efficiency, reduce raw material waste, and optimize the production process of biodiesel. At the same time, without changing the overall structural dimensions, the flow rate and reaction requirements can be flexibly adjusted according to the material characteristics. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the channel length, the structure is more compact, and material residue is effectively avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of chemical reactors, and particularly to a biodiesel microchannel reactor and its reaction method. Background Art

[0002] Biodiesel is a renewable fuel, usually prepared by transesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats or waste oils. Microchannel reactors have been widely used in biodiesel production due to their high mass and heat transfer performance. However, existing microchannel reactors have certain limitations in dealing with different flow rate conditions and solution characteristics, especially in the regulation of reaction time.

[0003] During the transesterification reaction, the residence time of the reactants directly affects the conversion rate and the quality of the final product. When the flow rate is fast, the residence time of the material in the reactor is shortened, which may lead to incomplete reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the reaction time to ensure sufficient reaction. On the contrary, when the flow rate is slow, the material has completed the reaction in a shorter channel. If the reaction time is too long, it may lead to an increase in side reactions or a decrease in production efficiency. Therefore, an ideal microchannel reactor should be able to flexibly adjust the flow rate and reaction time according to the material characteristics to improve production efficiency and product quality.

[0004] In the prior art, a common method is to change the reaction time by adjusting the channel length, such as using a telescopic pipeline or a variable path structure. However, this method has many drawbacks. First, increasing or adjusting the channel length often leads to an increase in the overall volume of the reactor, which is not conducive to compact design and affects the equipment integration in industrial applications. Second, when using a telescopic pipeline structure, the connection between the pipelines is prone to form a stepped structure, resulting in discontinuous fluid flow and easy formation of material residues, which affects the product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a biodiesel microchannel reactor and its reaction method, aiming to alleviate the above problems to at least a certain extent.

[0006] The above technical object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A biodiesel microchannel reactor, comprising:

[0008] A reactor housing;

[0009] A plurality of connection channels provided in the reactor housing, a heat exchange channel is formed in the connection channel, and every two adjacent heat exchange channels are connected to each other;

[0010] The first microchannel, the second microchannel and the third microchannel are arranged in the connection channel. Among them, between adjacent connection channels, the first microchannels communicate with each other, the second microchannels communicate with each other, and the third microchannels communicate with each other;

[0011] The first connection cavity and the second connection cavity arranged in the reactor housing are respectively located on the left and right sides of the reactor housing, and a plurality of the connection channels are located between the first connection cavity and the second connection cavity;

[0012] The feed pipe and the discharge pipe arranged on the reactor housing, the feed pipe communicates with the leftmost first microchannel, and the discharge pipe communicates with the rightmost first microchannel;

[0013] The feeding component arranged in the first connection cavity is used to convey materials into the feed pipe and make the materials flow in the feed pipe;

[0014] The rotating component arranged between the first connection cavity and the second connection cavity is used to rotate a plurality of the connection channels.

[0015] Preferably, a first communication pipe is connected between each adjacent connection channel. Each first communication pipe is used to communicate adjacent first microchannels, communicate adjacent second microchannels, and communicate adjacent third microchannels to form a plurality of reaction channels, and the volumes of the plurality of reaction channels are the same;

[0016] Spiral diversion grooves are arranged on the inner walls of the bent parts of the first microchannel, the second microchannel and the third microchannel.

[0017] Preferably, heat exchange pipes are respectively connected to both ends of the reactor housing. The left heat exchange pipe communicates with an adjacent heat exchange channel, and the right heat exchange pipe communicates with an adjacent heat exchange channel. A second communication pipe is fixedly connected between every two adjacent heat exchange channels. The leftmost heat exchange pipe is rotatably connected to the heat exchange channel, and the rightmost heat exchange pipe is fixed to the heat exchange channel;

[0018] Two partitions are connected in the reactor housing. The feed pipe communicates with the nearest first microchannel through an opening in one of the partitions, and the discharge pipe communicates with the nearest first microchannel through an opening in the other partition. A plurality of sealing gasket rings are arranged on the connection channel adjacent to the partition and are in contact with the partition.

[0019] Preferably, the angle by which the rotating component drives the connection channel to rotate is a preset angle;

[0020] The rotating component includes a rotating shaft rotatably connected to the partition plate. A connecting cylinder is connected to the rotating shaft and is located within the first connection cavity. A guide rail groove is formed on the outer wall of the connecting cylinder. A first gear is connected to the heat exchange tube within the second connection cavity. A connecting shaft is rotatably connected within the second connection cavity. A second gear meshing with the first gear is connected to the connecting shaft. The second gear is an incomplete gear. One end of the rotating shaft extends into the second connection cavity, and a chain drive mechanism is provided between the rotating shaft and the connecting shaft. A guide rod is provided within the first connection cavity, and the guide rod is inserted into the guide rail groove.

[0021] Preferably, the feeding component can intermittently convey materials to the feeding pipe, and the amount of materials conveyed by the feeding component to the feeding pipe is the total capacity after the feeding pipe is connected to the reaction channel.

[0022] The feeding component includes a push plate slidably connected within the first connection cavity. A guide ring is slidably connected to the heat exchange tube within the first connection cavity. A connecting rod rotatably connected to the push plate is rotatably connected to the guide ring. A first spring is connected between the push plate and the heat exchange tube.

[0023] Preferably, the rotating component can stop the rotating connection channel when the feeding component performs the work of conveying materials, and rotate the connection channel when the feeding component stops performing the work of conveying materials.

[0024] The guide rod is connected to the guide ring.

[0025] The chain drive mechanism includes a first sprocket connected to the rotating shaft, a second sprocket connected to the connecting shaft, a chain provided between the first sprocket and the second sprocket, and a ratchet mechanism provided between the first sprocket and the rotating shaft.

[0026] Preferably, the feeding component can regulate the feeding speed to adjust the flow rate of the materials, and the rotating component can regulate the rotating speed of the connection channel to adjust the reaction time of the materials.

[0027] A linear driving member is connected to one side of the reactor housing, and the linear driving shaft of the linear driving member is connected to the guide ring.

[0028] Preferably, the feed pipe includes a liquid inlet pipe connected to the reactor shell and a guide pipe connected to the first connecting cavity, the guide pipe is connected to the opening on the partition and communicates with one of the reaction channels, a baffle is provided at the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe, a limit frame is connected to the top of the baffle and is slidably connected to the liquid inlet pipe, a second spring is connected between the limit frame and the liquid inlet pipe, a separator pipe is connected inside the guide pipe, a plurality of connecting openings are provided on the separator pipe, a retaining ring is slidably connected to the separator pipe, and a third spring is connected between the retaining ring and the separator pipe.

[0029] Preferably, a guide plate is provided in the heat exchange channel, a plurality of arc-shaped guide strips are connected to the guide plate, and the guide plate is connected to the second connecting pipe.

[0030] A biodiesel reaction method, applicable to any of the above-mentioned biodiesel microchannel reactors, characterized in that the specific steps are as follows:

[0031] Step 1: The liquid material to be reacted is transported to the first connecting cavity for temporary storage, and the cold liquid in the heat exchange channel flows through multiple connecting channels to perform heat exchange with the material in the reaction channel;

[0032] Step 2: transporting the material in the first connecting cavity to the reaction channel formed by the feed pipe and the first microchannel through the feed component;

[0033] Step 3: The feeding component suspends the conveying of the material, and the rotating component rotates the connecting channel to a preset angle, so that the reaction channel formed by connecting the plurality of second microchannels is connected with the feeding pipe and the discharging pipe;

[0034] Step 4: the feeding component starts to transport materials to the reaction channel connected to the second microchannel;

[0035] Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 to allow all reaction channels to store the reaction solution;

[0036] Step 6: In each reaction channel, the material reacts according to the set reaction time. After the first reaction channel completes the reaction within the predetermined time, steps 3 and 4 are repeated to transport new materials to be reacted to the reaction channel, and the new solution to be reacted is used to push out the materials that have completed the reaction and discharge them through the discharge pipe.

[0037] In summary, the present invention mainly has the following beneficial effects:

[0038] By setting up a heat exchange channel in this application, the cold liquid flows through multiple connecting channels to conduct heat exchange with the materials in the reaction channel, ensuring the stability of the reaction temperature. Through the control of the rotating component, each rotation makes a new reaction channel communicate with the feed pipe and the discharge pipe, realizing the sequential transportation and reaction of the materials, thus ensuring the continuity and efficiency of the reaction process. The amount of materials transported by the feeding component to the feed pipe matches the total capacity of the reaction channel, enabling the newly introduced materials to completely fill the currently connected reaction channel, while pushing out the materials that have completed the reaction, avoiding the mixing of inadequately reacted materials into the final product, and improving the conversion rate of biodiesel synthesis and the stability of product quality;

[0039] In summary, through reasonable feeding amount control, an efficient material replacement mechanism, and precise reaction time management, this application can effectively improve the reaction efficiency, reduce raw material waste, and optimize the production process of biodiesel. At the same time, without changing the overall structural dimensions, it can flexibly adjust the flow rate and reaction requirements according to the material characteristics. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the channel length, the structure is more compact, and material residue is effectively avoided. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the reactor housing structure of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is the partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the reactor housing structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 is the schematic diagram of the connecting channel structure of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 is another schematic diagram of the connecting channel structure of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 is the schematic diagram of the first, second, and third micro-channel structures of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 is the cross-sectional schematic diagram of the first micro-channel structure of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 is the schematic diagram of the baffle structure of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 is the schematic diagram of the rotating component structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 is the schematic diagram of the connecting cylinder structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11It is a schematic structural diagram of the ratchet mechanism of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 12 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the feed pipe of the present invention.

[0052] Reference numerals:

[0053] 100, reactor housing; 101, connection channel; 102, heat exchange channel; 103, first microchannel; 104, second microchannel; 105, third microchannel; 106, first connection cavity; 107, second connection cavity; 108, feed pipe; 109, discharge pipe;

[0054] 200, spiral flow guide groove; 201, first communication pipe; 202, heat exchange pipe; 203, second communication pipe; 204, partition board; 205, sealing gasket ring; 206, flow guide plate; 207, arc-shaped flow guide strip;

[0055] 300, rotating shaft; 301, connecting cylinder; 302, guide rail groove; 303, first gear; 304, connecting shaft; 305, second gear; 306, guide rod; 307, first sprocket; 308, second sprocket; 309, chain; 310, ratchet mechanism;

[0056] 400, push plate; 401, guide ring; 402, connecting rod; 403, first spring; 404, linear drive member;

[0057] 500, liquid inlet pipe; 501, flow guide pipe; 502, baffle; 503, limit frame; 504, second spring; 505, partition pipe; 506, connection opening; 507, retaining ring; 508, third spring. Detailed implementation manners

[0058] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0059] Refer to Figures 1 - 12 , a biodiesel microchannel reactor, comprising:

[0060] Reactor housing 100;

[0061] A plurality of connection channels 101 provided in the reactor housing 100, a heat exchange channel 102 is formed in the connection channel 101, and every two adjacent heat exchange channels 102 are connected and communicated;

[0062] The first microchannel 103, the second microchannel 104, and the third microchannel 105 are provided in the connection channel 101. Among them, between adjacent connection channels 101, the first microchannels 103 communicate with each other, the second microchannels 104 communicate with each other, and the third microchannels 105 communicate with each other. Multiple first microchannels 103 communicate to form a reaction channel, multiple second microchannels 104 communicate to form a reaction channel, and multiple third microchannels 105 communicate to form a reaction channel. The volumes of the multiple reaction channels are the same.

[0063] The first connection cavity 106 and the second connection cavity 107 provided in the reactor housing 100 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the reactor housing 100. Multiple connection channels 101 are located between the first connection cavity 106 and the second connection cavity 107;

[0064] The feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109 provided on the reactor housing 100. The feed pipe 108 communicates with the leftmost first microchannel 103, and the discharge pipe 109 communicates with the rightmost first microchannel 103;

[0065] The feeding component provided in the first connection cavity 106 is used to convey the material into the feed pipe 108 and make the material flow in the feed pipe 108. The feeding component can intermittently convey the material to the feed pipe 108, and the amount of material conveyed by the feeding component to the feed pipe 108 is the total capacity after the feed pipe 108 is connected to the reaction channel.

[0066] The rotating component provided between the first connection cavity 106 and the second connection cavity 107 is used to rotate multiple connection channels 101. The rotating component can stop rotating the connection channels 101 when the feeding component performs the material conveying work, and rotate the connection channels 101 when the feeding component stops performing the material conveying work. The angle by which the rotating component drives the connection channels 101 to rotate is a preset angle.

[0067] Among them, the feeding component can regulate the feeding speed to adjust the flow rate of the material. The rotating component can regulate the rotation speed of the connection channels 101 to adjust the reaction time of the material.

[0068] By setting up the heat exchange channels 102, during application, the liquid used for heat exchange during the reaction with the material can be connected to the heat exchange channels 102. The cold liquid enters the heat exchange channels 102 from the left side of the reactor housing 100, flows through multiple heat exchange channels 102 to form hot liquid, and then flows out from the right side of the reactor housing 100. The operator can transport the liquid material to be reacted into the first connection channel 101, and the first connection cavity 106 temporarily stores the solution to be reacted. In the initial state, the reaction channels formed by the first microchannels 103 are connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. During operation, the set feeding component can transport the solution in the first connection cavity 106 into the feed pipe 108 and the first microchannels 103. As the solution flows, it can reach the tail of the reaction channels formed by the first microchannels 103. The feeding component pauses the transportation of the material. At the same time, the set rotating component rotates the connection channel 101 by a preset angle, so that the reaction channels formed by the connection of multiple second microchannels 104 are connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. The feeding component starts to transport the material to this reaction channel, and in this way, the reactive solution can be transported and filled into multiple reaction channels in turn. During the reaction, the cold liquid in the heat exchange channels 102 continuously flows through multiple connection channels 101, and exchanges heat with the material in the reaction channels to ensure a stable reaction temperature. Specifically, each time the rotating component rotates the connection channel 101, one of the reaction channels will be connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. In this application, three reaction channels are set up. After two rotations of the rotating component, the third reaction channel will be connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. When the material has completed the set reaction time in the currently connected reaction channel, the feeding component stops transporting new material, and the rotating component rotates the connection channel 101 again, so that the next reaction channel (such as the reaction channel formed by the first microchannels 103) is connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. Subsequently, the feeding component transports the material to be reacted to the next reaction channel (the reaction channel formed by the first microchannels 103), and the material that has completed the previous round of reaction is discharged through the discharge pipe 109. In this way, the material enters each reaction channel in turn and is gradually replaced after the reaction is completed, ensuring that the entire reaction process is continuous and efficient. And the amount of material transported by the feeding component to the feed pipe 108 is the total capacity after the feed pipe 108 is connected to the reaction channel, ensuring that the material transported each time can completely fill the currently connected reaction channel. The function of this setting is that the newly entered material can push out the material that has completed the previous round of reaction, and the outlet discharges the solution that has completed the set reaction time, preventing the material that has not been fully reacted from mixing into the final product, thereby ensuring the conversion rate of biodiesel synthesis and the stability of product quality. In addition, the precise control of the rotating component ensures that each reaction channel is connected to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109 in turn within a predetermined time, so that the flow and reaction process of the material are carried out strictly according to the set time and sequence, eliminating quality fluctuations caused by insufficient or excessive reaction time.In this way, through reasonable feed rate control, an efficient material replacement mechanism, and precise reaction time management, the reaction efficiency can be effectively improved, raw material waste can be reduced, and the production process of biodiesel can be optimized. In this manner, the present application can flexibly adjust the material flow rate and reaction requirements according to the material characteristics without changing the overall structural dimensions. Compared with the traditional method of adjusting the channel length, it has a more compact structure and effectively avoids material residue.

[0069] As a further aspect of the present invention, spiral flow guiding grooves 200 are provided on the inner walls of the bent portions of the first microchannel 103, the second microchannel 104, and the third microchannel 105.

[0070] By providing the spiral flow guiding grooves 200, the fluid can be guided to flow along a spiral path, improving the mixing effect of the material in the reaction channel, thereby promoting the uniformity of the reaction. The design of the spiral flow guiding grooves 200 can optimize the flow of the fluid in the channel, enabling the liquid to advance along a spiral path instead of forming a turbulent flow or stagnant areas. This can reduce the flow dead zones, that is, the areas where the fluid stays still, and avoid material deposition or accumulation in these areas. At the same time, since the liquid always flows uniformly along the spiral flow guiding grooves 200 and does not stay in certain areas for too long, the stable operation of the reactor is ensured. In addition, the volumes of the first microchannel 103, the second microchannel 104, and the third microchannel 105 are made the same so that the volumes of multiple reaction channels are the same, thereby achieving the balance of material processing for each reaction channel. Reaction channels with the same volume can ensure that the processing time and reaction conditions of the material in each channel are consistent, avoiding uneven reaction efficiency caused by volume differences. Such a design can ensure that in each reaction channel, under the setting control of the feeding component and the setting control of the rotating component, the flow rate, reaction time, and reaction process of the material in multiple reaction channels are uniformly controlled, thereby improving the overall reaction effect and ensuring the stability of the product quality.

[0071] As a further aspect of the present invention, a first connecting pipe 201 is connected between each adjacent connecting channel 101. Each first connecting pipe 201 is used to connect adjacent first microchannels 103, connect adjacent second microchannels 104, and connect adjacent third microchannels 105 to form multiple reaction channels.

[0072] By providing a first connecting pipe 201 connected between each adjacent connecting channel 101, adjacent first microchannels 103, second microchannels 104, and third microchannels 105 can be effectively connected to form multiple reaction channels. This setting ensures that the flow path of the material between each reaction channel is unobstructed, and the material can flow smoothly from one reaction channel to the next.

[0073] As a further solution of the present invention, heat exchange tubes 202 are respectively connected to both ends of the reactor housing 100. The heat exchange tube 202 on the left is communicated with an adjacent heat exchange channel 102, and the heat exchange tube 202 on the right is communicated with an adjacent heat exchange channel 102. A second connecting pipe 203 is fixedly connected between every two adjacent heat exchange channels 102. The leftmost heat exchange tube 202 is rotatably connected to the heat exchange channel 102, and the rightmost heat exchange tube 202 is fixed to the heat exchange channel 102;

[0074] By providing the heat exchange tubes 202, during application, the inlet of the cold liquid can be communicated with the heat exchange tube 202 on the left, and the heat exchange liquid can enter the heat exchange channel 102 through the heat exchange tube 202, thereby keeping the reaction temperature in the reactor stable. After heat exchange, the hot liquid flows out from the rightmost heat exchange tube 202 to complete the transfer and dissipation of heat. In addition, the first connecting pipes 201 provided between the respective connecting channels 101 can connect the multiple connecting channels 101. When the rotating member is about to drive the connecting channel 101 to rotate, by rotating the rightmost heat exchange tube 202, the purpose of synchronously rotating the multiple connecting channels 101 to rotate the respective reaction channels can be achieved.

[0075] As a further solution of the present invention, two partition plates 204 are connected inside the reactor housing 100. The feed pipe 108 is communicated with the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening in one of the partition plates 204, and the discharge pipe 109 is communicated with the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening in the other partition plate 204. A plurality of sealing gasket rings 205 are provided on the connecting channel 101 adjacent to the partition plate 204 and are in contact with the partition plate 204;

[0076] By setting the partition 204 and the sealing gasket 205, effective material isolation and sealing functions are achieved in the reactor. Specifically, the feed pipe 108 is connected to the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening on one of the partitions 204, ensuring smooth material flow between the feed pipe 108 and the reaction channel; and the discharge pipe 109 is connected to the nearest first microchannel 103 through an opening on another partition 204, thereby ensuring that the materials after the reaction are discharged in time and avoiding material retention. The sealing gasket 205 provided on the connecting channel 101 adjacent to the partition 204 can effectively seal the contact area between the connecting channel 101 and the partition 204, prevent material leakage, and ensure that the pressure inside the reactor remains stable. When the rotating part rotates the connecting channel 101, the first microchannel 103 can be staggered to form a reaction channel and the opening on the partition 204. At this time, the sealing gasket 205 plays a sealing role, and the materials in this reaction channel are closed to prevent leakage, thereby ensuring that the materials in the reaction process will not contaminate other parts or the external environment due to leakage. When the rotating member rotates the connecting channel 101 again, the reaction channel formed by the second microchannel 104 can be connected with the opening on the partition 204 and the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109, so as to achieve the purpose of switching each reaction channel.

[0077] As a further solution of the present invention, the rotating component includes a rotating shaft 300 rotatably connected to the partition 204, a connecting tube 301 is connected to the rotating shaft 300 and is located in the first connecting cavity 106, a guide rail groove 302 is provided on the outer wall of the connecting tube 301, a first gear 303 is connected to the heat exchange tube 202 in the second connecting cavity 107, a connecting shaft 304 is rotatably connected in the second connecting cavity 107, a second gear 305 meshing with the first gear 303 is connected to the connecting shaft 304, and the second gear 305 is an incomplete gear, one end of the rotating shaft 300 extends into the second connecting cavity 107 and a chain 309 transmission mechanism is provided between the connecting shaft 304, a guide rod 306 is provided in the first connecting cavity 106, and the guide rod 306 is inserted into the guide rail groove 302;

[0078] By setting the guide rod 306, the guide rod 306 can be driven to slide linearly in the first connection cavity 106 during application, and can cooperate with the guide groove 302 to rotate the connection tube 301, thereby transmitting the rotation of the rotating shaft 300. When the rotating shaft 300 rotates, the connecting shaft 304 can be rotated through the chain 309 transmission mechanism, and the second gear 305 and the heat exchange tube 202 can be driven to rotate through the first gear 303 to achieve sequential switching of multiple reaction channels. In addition, the second gear 305 is set as an incomplete gear, and the first gear 303 can be driven to a predetermined angle when the second gear 305 follows the rotation of the rotating shaft 300 and the connection tube 301, so as to stably switch multiple reaction channels in sequence, so that the solution can be smoothly carried out in different reaction channels.

[0079] As a further aspect of the present invention, the feeding component includes a push plate 400 slidably connected within the first connection cavity 106. A guide ring 401 is slidably connected to the heat exchange tube 202 within the first connection cavity 106. A connecting rod 402 rotatably connected to the guide ring 401 is rotatably connected to the push plate 400. A first spring 403 is connected between the push plate 400 and the heat exchange tube 202;

[0080] By providing the push plate 400, the guide ring 401, the connecting rod 402 and the spring, the feeding component can achieve precise intermittent feeding of materials. Specifically, the push plate 400 is connected to the guide ring 401 through the connecting rod 402. When driving the guide ring 401 to slide along the heat exchange tube 202, the push plate 400 can be driven to move upward by using the connecting rod 402, allowing the push plate 400 to freely slide within the first connection cavity 106. Whenever feeding is required, the guide ring 401 is driven to slide along the heat exchange tube 202, forcing the push plate 400 to move upward, and the first spring 403 stretches to generate potential energy. The movement of the push plate 400 enables the reaction solution to be fed above the push plate 400 into the reaction channel. By using the limited sliding distance of the push plate 400, the volume of the solution pushed into the reaction channel can be limited, ensuring that the amount of material transported each time is equal to the total capacity after the feed pipe 108 is connected to the reaction channel. The material transported each time can completely fill the currently connected reaction channel, thereby ensuring the replacement of the reacted solution and effectively controlling the reaction quality. After the feeding is completed, the guide rod 306 can be driven to move linearly. During this process, the push plate 400 causes the guide ring 401 to move back to its original position and the push plate 400 to move downward and reset, and the connecting channel 101 rotates by a predetermined angle. When the guide ring 401 returns to the origin, the next reaction channel corresponds to the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109. At this time, the guide ring 401 is moved again, thereby realizing the intermittent feeding and discharging process, ensuring that the solution in the reactor is replaced according to the set cycle and maintaining a stable reaction environment. This design ensures that each reaction channel can be fed, reacted and discharged in sequence according to the established order, thereby forming an efficient and controllable continuous reaction mode.

[0081] As a further aspect of the present invention, the guide rod 306 is connected to the guide ring 401;

[0082] The chain 309 transmission mechanism includes a first sprocket 307 connected to the rotating shaft 300, a second sprocket 308 connected to the connecting shaft 304. A chain 309 is provided between the first sprocket 307 and the second sprocket 308. A ratchet mechanism 310 is provided between the first sprocket 307 and the rotating shaft 300;

[0083] By setting the guide rod 306, when driving the guide ring 401 to slide on the heat exchange tube 202, while pushing the push plate 400 to move upward through the connecting rod 402 to feed the reaction channel, the guide rod 306 can be linearly moved accordingly, and then the connecting cylinder 301 can be rotated through the guide rail groove 302. When the connecting cylinder 301 rotates, it can idle inside the first sprocket 307 due to the ratchet mechanism 310 provided. The state at this time is that the connecting channel 101 is stationary and the reaction channel receives the feed. After the feeding is completed, the position of the guide ring 401 is reset. During this process, the push plate 400 is reset downward by the potential energy of the first spring 403 to prepare for the next feeding, the guide rod 306 is reset and moved, and the connecting cylinder 301 is reset and rotated through the guide rail groove 302. The state at this time is that the rotating shaft 300 makes the first sprocket 307 rotate through the ratchet mechanism 310, and the heat exchange tube 202 in the second connecting cavity 107 is rotated through the chain 309, the second sprocket 308, the connecting shaft 304, the second gear 305, and the first gear 303. The connecting channel 101 rotates accordingly to switch the reaction channel. After the connecting channel 101 completes the rotational switching, the feeding component prepares to feed the next reaction channel again, thus forming a continuous reaction process. In the whole working cycle, the rhythm of each feeding and channel switching can be kept consistent to ensure that all reaction channels experience the same reaction time. In addition, only three microchannels are provided in this application. During specific applications, the parameters of the first gear 303 and the second gear 305 can be adjusted to adapt to different numbers of microchannels and reaction channels, thereby improving the applicability and flexibility of the system.

[0084] As a further solution of the present invention, a linear driving member 404 is connected to one side of the reactor housing 100, and the linear driving shaft of the linear driving member 404 is connected to the guide ring 401;

[0085] By setting the linear drive 404 so that its linear drive shaft is connected to the guide ring 401, when the linear drive 404 is driven to work, the sliding of the guide ring 401 along the heat exchange tube 202 can be precisely controlled, realizing the motion control of the push plate 400 and the guide rod 306. Specifically, when the linear drive 404 pushes the guide ring 401 to move forward, the connecting rod 402 drives the push plate 400 to slide upward, thereby controlling the operation of the feeding component and enabling the material to enter the reaction channel at a predetermined speed. Conversely, when the linear drive 404 drives the guide ring 401 to reset in the reverse direction, the push plate 400 slides downward under the reset action of the first spring 403, completing the preparation work for the feeding cycle, and rotating the connecting channel 101 through the action of the guide rod 306 and the guide rail groove 302 to switch the reaction channel. The linear drive 404 can be a cylinder or an oil cylinder. In this embodiment, an oil cylinder is taken as an example. The operator can adjust the speed of the oil cylinder shaft when extending and when retracting according to the different characteristics of the reaction solution. According to different characteristics such as the viscosity, fluidity, and chemical reaction rate of the reaction solution, the operator can adjust the extending and retracting speeds of the oil cylinder shaft to optimize the feeding and reaction processes. For example, for a high-viscosity solution: appropriately reduce the extending speed of the oil cylinder shaft to make the feeding process smoother and avoid material accumulation or uneven filling of the reaction channel due to poor fluidity. At the same time, the shaft retracting time can be appropriately extended to ensure that after the feeding is completed, the reaction solution can fully diffuse and react. For a low-viscosity solution: the extending speed of the oil cylinder shaft can be appropriately increased to improve the feeding efficiency and accelerate the speed of material replacement. At the same time, adjust the retracting speed to make the switching of the reaction channel more efficient to meet the process requirements of rapid reactions. For a solution that requires a long reaction time: reduce the feeding rate, and at the same time control the rotation speed of the connecting channel 101 to make the material stay in the reaction channel for a longer time to ensure sufficient reaction. For a solution with a fast reaction rate: increase the feeding rate, and at the same time accelerate the rotation of the connecting channel 101 to reduce the material residence time and avoid overreaction or by-product generation. Using one drive, the feeding speed and the speed of reaction channel switching can be independently regulated, making the reaction time variable. Different reaction systems (such as fast reactions or slow reactions) can optimize the reaction process by adjusting the feeding rate and the switching time of the rotating channel, improving the ability of the reactor to adapt to different chemical processes. This design can enhance the automation level of the reactor, improve the accuracy of feeding and reaction control, enable the equipment to meet the requirements of different chemical processes, and at the same time improve the reaction efficiency, reduce energy consumption and by-products, and improve the quality of the final product.

[0086] It should be noted that setting the extension speed and retraction speed of the telescopic shaft of the oil cylinder to be different can be achieved in the following way: Flow control valves (one-way throttle valves or proportional flow valves) are respectively arranged on the oil inlet and oil return circuits of the oil cylinder to adjust the flow rates of the oil inlet and oil return. For example, a dual-loop control is adopted, and independent oil supply circuits are respectively designed at the oil inlet and oil return ends of the oil cylinder, and flow valves or proportional valves of different specifications are configured. In this way, large-flow rapid driving can be adopted when the oil cylinder extends, while small-flow control is adopted when retracting, so that the oil cylinder extends slowly. At the same time, an adjustable throttle valve is installed at the oil return end to make the retraction speed relatively faster or slower to meet the requirements of different working conditions. The above technology is commonly seen in excavators, hydraulic lifting equipment, and injection molding machines. The above method is the prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0087] As a further solution of the present invention, the feed pipe 108 includes a liquid inlet pipe 500 connected to the reactor housing 100 and a diversion pipe 501 connected to the first connection cavity 106. The diversion pipe 501 is connected to an opening on the partition plate 204 and communicates with one of the reaction channels. A baffle 502 is provided at the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe 500. The top of the baffle 502 is connected with a limit frame 503 slidably connected to the liquid inlet pipe 500. A second spring 504 is connected between the limit frame 503 and the liquid inlet pipe 500. A partition pipe 505 is connected in the diversion pipe 501. A plurality of connection openings 506 are formed on the partition pipe 505. A retaining ring 507 is slidably connected to the partition pipe 505. A third spring 508 is connected between the retaining ring 507 and the partition pipe 505;

[0088] By setting the baffle 502 and the retaining ring 507, the baffle 502, the limiting frame 503 and the second spring 504 can form a one-way valve arranged on the liquid inlet pipe 500, and the retaining ring 507 and the third spring 508 can form a one-way valve arranged on the guide pipe 501. When used, the inlet of the solution to be reacted can be connected to the liquid inlet pipe 500. When the guide ring 401 and the push plate 400 move, the space above the push plate 400 forms a positive pressure, forcing the liquid to flow into the guide pipe 501 through the liquid inlet pipe 500. At this time, the baffle 502 is pressed open due to the positive pressure, and the liquid can smoothly enter the guide pipe 501 and be distributed to the reaction channel through the multiple connecting openings 506 in the separation pipe 505. At the same time, the positive pressure can make the baffle 502 closely contact the liquid inlet pipe 500, avoiding the liquid in the liquid inlet pipe 500 from continuously flowing into the space above the push plate 400, affecting the amount of liquid inlet. When the push plate 400 is reset downward, negative pressure appears in the space above the push plate 400. The negative pressure causes the baffle ring 507 to be reset under the action of the third spring 508, allowing the baffle 502 to move downward to open the liquid inlet pipe 500, allowing the liquid to enter the space above the push plate 400 to prepare for the next feeding. The entire feeding process is achieved through the coordinated work of multiple structures such as the baffle 502, the limit frame 503, the second spring 504, the baffle ring 507, and the third spring 508, so as to effectively control the flow of liquid in the liquid inlet pipe 500 and the guide pipe 501. The alternating action of positive and negative pressure ensures the unidirectional flow of the liquid, making the reaction process more stable.

[0089] As a further solution of the present invention, a guide plate 206 is provided in the heat exchange channel 102, a plurality of arc-shaped guide strips 207 are connected to the guide plate 206, and the guide plate 206 is connected to the second connecting pipe 203;

[0090] By providing the guide plate 206 and the plurality of arc-shaped guide strips 207, the flow path of the liquid in the heat exchange channel 102 can be optimized and the heat exchange efficiency can be improved. Specifically, when the heat exchange liquid enters, the guide plate 206 can guide the liquid to flow in a set direction, so that the heat exchange liquid can hit the first microchannel 103, the second microchannel 104 and the third microchannel 105, thereby optimizing the flow path of the heat exchange liquid and improving the heat transfer effect during the heat exchange process.

[0091] A biodiesel reaction method, applicable to any of the above-mentioned biodiesel microchannel reactors, comprises the following specific steps:

[0092] Step 1: The liquid material to be reacted is transported to the first connecting cavity 106 for temporary storage, and the cold liquid in the heat exchange channel 102 flows through the multiple connecting channels 101 to perform heat exchange with the material in the reaction channel;

[0093] Step 2: Convey the materials in the first connection cavity 106 to the reaction channel formed by the feed pipe 108 and the first microchannel 103 through the feeding component;

[0094] Step 3: The feeding component pauses the conveyance of materials, and the rotating component rotates the connection channel 101 to a preset angle to connect the reaction channel formed by connecting multiple second microchannels 104 with the feed pipe 108 and the discharge pipe 109;

[0095] Step 4: The feeding component starts to convey materials to the reaction channel connected by the second microchannels 104;

[0096] Step 5: Repeat Step 3 and Step 4 to enable all reaction channels to store the reaction solution;

[0097] Step 6: In each reaction channel, the materials react according to the set reaction time. After the reaction in the first reaction channel is completed at the predetermined time, repeat Step 3 and Step 4 to convey new materials to be reacted to this reaction channel, use the new solution to be reacted to eject the materials that have completed the reaction, and discharge them through the discharge pipe 109.

[0098] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biodiesel microchannel reactor, characterized in that: include: Reactor housing (100); A plurality of connecting channels (101) are provided in the reactor shell (100), wherein heat exchange channels (102) are formed in the connecting channels (101), and every two adjacent heat exchange channels (102) are connected; A first microchannel (103), a second microchannel (104) and a third microchannel (105) are arranged in the connecting channel (101); Among them, between adjacent connecting channels (101), the first microchannels (103) are connected to each other, the second microchannels (104) are connected to each other, and the third microchannels (105) are connected to each other, and a first connecting pipe (201) is connected between each adjacent connecting channel (101), and each first connecting pipe (201) is used to connect adjacent first microchannels (103), connect adjacent second microchannels (104), and connect adjacent third microchannels (105), so as to form a plurality of reaction channels, and the volumes of the plurality of reaction channels are the same; A first connecting cavity (106) and a second connecting cavity (107) are provided in the reactor shell (100), and are located on the left and right sides of the reactor shell (100), respectively; and a plurality of connecting channels (101) are located between the first connecting cavity (106) and the second connecting cavity (107); A feed pipe (108) and a discharge pipe (109) are arranged on the reactor shell (100), wherein the feed pipe (108) is connected to the first microchannel (103) on the far left, and the discharge pipe (109) is connected to the first microchannel (103) on the far right; A feeding component disposed in the first connecting cavity (106) and used for conveying material into the feeding pipe (108) so that the material flows in the feeding pipe (108); a rotating component provided between the first connecting cavity (106) and the second connecting cavity (107), used for rotating the plurality of connecting channels (101); The rotating component is capable of stopping the rotation of the connecting channel (101) when the feeding component performs the work of conveying materials, and rotating the connecting channel (101) when the feeding component stops performing the work of conveying materials; The feeding component can regulate the feeding speed to adjust the flow rate of the material, and the rotating component can regulate the rotation speed of the connecting channel (101) to adjust the reaction time of the material.

2. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner walls of the curved parts of the first microchannel (103), the second microchannel (104) and the third microchannel (105) are provided with spiral guide grooves (200).

3. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Heat exchange tubes (202) are respectively connected to both ends of the reactor shell (100); the heat exchange tube (202) on the left is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel (102); the heat exchange tube (202) on the right is connected to an adjacent heat exchange channel (102); a second connecting tube (203) is fixedly connected between every two adjacent heat exchange channels (102); the heat exchange tube (202) on the far left is rotatably connected to the heat exchange channel (102); and the heat exchange tube (202) on the far right is fixed to the heat exchange channel (102); Two partitions (204) are connected inside the reactor shell (100); the feed pipe (108) is connected to the nearest first microchannel (103) through an opening on one of the partitions (204); the discharge pipe (109) is connected to the nearest first microchannel (103) through an opening on another of the partitions (204); and a plurality of sealing gaskets (205) are provided on the connecting channel (101) adjacent to the partition (204) and in contact with the partition (204).

4. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle at which the connecting channel (101) is driven by the rotating component to rotate is a preset angle; The rotating component comprises a rotating shaft (300) rotatably connected to the partition (204); a connecting tube (301) is connected to the rotating shaft (300) and is located in the first connecting cavity (106); a guide rail groove (302) is provided on the outer wall of the connecting tube (301); a first gear (303) is connected to the heat exchange tube (202) in the second connecting cavity (107); a connecting shaft (304) is rotatably connected in the second connecting cavity (107); a second gear (305) meshing with the first gear (303) is connected to the connecting shaft (304); the second gear (305) is an incomplete gear; one end of the rotating shaft (300) extends into the second connecting cavity (107) and a chain (309) transmission mechanism is provided between the rotating shaft (300) and the connecting shaft (304); a guide rod (306) is provided in the first connecting cavity (106); the guide rod (306) is plugged into the guide rail groove (302).

5. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The feed component is capable of intermittently conveying material to the feed pipe (108), and the amount of material conveyed by the feed component to the feed pipe (108) is the total capacity of the feed pipe (108) after being connected to the reaction channel; The feeding component comprises a push plate (400) slidably connected to the first connecting cavity (106); a guide ring (401) is slidably connected to the heat exchange tube (202) in the first connecting cavity (106); a connecting rod (402) rotatably connected to the guide ring (401) and rotatably connected to the push plate (400); and a first spring (403) is connected between the push plate (400) and the heat exchange tube (202).

6. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: The guide rod (306) is connected to the guide ring (401); The chain (309) transmission mechanism comprises a first sprocket (307) connected to the rotating shaft (300), a second sprocket (308) connected to the connecting shaft (304), a chain (309) being arranged between the first sprocket (307) and the second sprocket (308), and a ratchet mechanism (310) being arranged between the first sprocket (307) and the rotating shaft (300).

7. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that: A linear drive member (404) is connected to one side of the reactor shell (100), and a linear drive shaft of the linear drive member (404) is connected to the guide ring (401).

8. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feed pipe (108) comprises a liquid inlet pipe (500) connected to the reactor shell (100) and a flow guide pipe (501) connected to the first connection cavity (106); the flow guide pipe (501) is connected to an opening on the partition plate (204) and communicates with one of the reaction channels; a baffle plate (502) is provided at the bottom of the liquid inlet pipe (500); a limit frame (503) slidably connected to the liquid inlet pipe (500) is connected to the top of the baffle plate (502); a second spring (504) is connected between the limit frame (503) and the liquid inlet pipe (500); a separator pipe (505) is connected inside the flow guide pipe (501); a plurality of connection openings (506) are provided on the separator pipe (505); a retaining ring (507) is slidably connected to the separator pipe (505); and a third spring (508) is connected between the retaining ring (507) and the separator pipe (505).

9. A biodiesel microchannel reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that: A guide plate (206) is provided in the heat exchange channel (102), a plurality of arc-shaped guide strips (207) are connected to the guide plate (206), and the guide plate (206) is connected to the second connecting pipe (203).

10. A biodiesel reaction method, applicable to a biodiesel microchannel reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: The liquid material to be reacted is transported to the first connecting cavity (106) for temporary storage, and the cold liquid in the heat exchange channel (102) flows through the plurality of connecting channels (101) to perform heat exchange with the material in the reaction channel; Step 2: transporting the material in the first connecting cavity (106) to the reaction channel formed by the feed pipe (108) and the first microchannel (103) through the feed component; Step 3: the feeding component suspends the conveying of the material, and the rotating component rotates the connecting channel (101) to a preset angle, so that the reaction channel formed by connecting the plurality of second microchannels (104) is connected to the feeding pipe (108) and the discharging pipe (109); Step 4: the feeding component starts to transport materials to the reaction channel connected to the second microchannel (104); Step 5: Repeat steps 3 and 4 to allow all reaction channels to store the reaction solution; Step 6: In each reaction channel, the material reacts according to the set reaction time. After the reaction in the first reaction channel is completed within the predetermined time, steps 3 and 4 are repeated to transport new materials to be reacted to the reaction channel, and the materials that have completed the reaction are pushed out with the new solution to be reacted and discharged through the discharge pipe (109).

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