Ice layer constraint and laser-induced area-selective electrochemical synergistic processing method and device

Abstract

The application discloses a method and device for region-selective electrochemical machining based on ice layer constraint and laser induction, and relates to the field of special machining. A solid ice sealing layer is constructed on the surface of a machining sample by a refrigeration module, a transparent cathode head in an integrated cathode is heated by a laser irradiation module to make the ice layer in the machining area phase change and melt to form a micro channel; then under the action of a pulse electric field, electrolyte is transported to the machining area of the machining sample through the internal flow channel of the integrated cathode to trigger localized electrochemical machining. A machining device is designed to realize the machining method. Under cold conditions, the workpiece to be machined is first sealed by ice, and then laser irradiation and electrochemical dissolution are cooperatively coupled to enhance the energy density of the machining area, so that the ice sealing of the machining area surface is melted, the non-machining area is continuously ice-sealed, and the purpose of localized electrolytic machining without stray corrosion is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of composite machining in special processing, and in particular to a method and device for region-selective electrochemical synergistic machining based on ice layer constraint and laser induction. BACKGROUND

[0002] In modern manufacturing, from aerospace to biomedical, from 3C electronics to automobile industry, whether it is precision instruments or conventional equipment, mechanical manufacturing is an indispensable link. With the development of materials science, traditional mechanical processing methods have been difficult to meet the processing requirements of mechanisms in many aspects, especially in some complex and precise mechanical systems such as aircraft engines, in order to ensure the integrity and functionality of the structure in harsh working environment, high requirements and high standards are required for materials and processing precision. The traditional processing method will bring about manufacturing defects such as cutting heat and tool extrusion leading to cracks under the surface. With the development of special processing, this problem is being gradually solved. Electrochemical machining is a relatively mature special processing method.

[0003] Electrochemical machining is a processing mode that realizes material removal by electrochemical reaction between the cathode tool and the anode workpiece in an electrolyte environment. As a kind of special processing technology, it can realize high-efficiency processing without tool wear. However, due to the influence of stray current, the affected area of the processing is difficult to control, and the non-processing area is seriously affected by stray corrosion, reducing the localization of the processing. In view of the problem of stray corrosion in electrochemical machining, many experts and scholars have put forward different solutions. Chinese patent "Preparation method of coating for preventing stray corrosion during electrolytic machining of metal parts", application number 202210653573.9 discloses a method of preparing a pure aluminum coating on the surface of the metal part to be machined, and then converting the coating into a dense and insulating aluminum oxide coating through anodic oxidation technology, thereby ensuring that the non-processing surface is not affected by stray corrosion. However, the method of adding a coating has certain difficulty in operation when facing the machining of complex surface parts. Some scholars have also proposed a special processing mode of low-temperature electrochemical machining. Chinese patent "Low-temperature electrolytic precision machining method", application number 201910608284.5 discloses that by using a refrigeration device to reduce the temperature of the electrolyte, the movement ability of ions in the electrolyte is reduced, the nonlinearity and localization of the electrolyte are improved, and the stray corrosion effect is weakened. At the same time, pure water is used to freeze ice on the workpiece, covering the non-processing area of the workpiece. Since pure water is not conductive, it can isolate the non-processing area from the electrolyte, thereby avoiding the generation of stray corrosion in the non-processing area and protecting the non-processing area. In this invention, the reduction of electrolyte temperature will also reduce the electrochemical reaction rate, reducing the processing efficiency. Therefore, there is still room for improvement in the localization and efficiency of low-temperature electrolytic machining.

[0004] The existing problems are that the traditional electrochemical processing has stray corrosion, which greatly affects the surface precision; and has a high requirement for the electric conductivity of the material. The addition of the low-temperature environment slows down the electrochemical reaction rate, reduces the processing efficiency, and causes ice crystal cracks to damage the surface and reduce the processing quality. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the prior art, the application provides a regional selective electrochemical cooperative processing method and device based on ice layer constraint and laser induction. In a cold state, the workpiece to be processed is first sealed by ice, and through the cooperative coupling of laser irradiation and electrochemical dissolution, the energy density of the processing region is enhanced, the ice seal of the processing region is melted, the non-processing region is continuously sealed by ice, and the purpose of localized electrolytic processing without stray corrosion is achieved.

[0006] The application achieves the above technical purpose through the following technical means.

[0007] A regional selective electrochemical cooperative processing method based on ice layer constraint and laser induction, comprising the following steps: using a refrigeration module to construct a solid ice seal layer on the surface of a processing sample, heating the processing sample through a transparent cathode head in an integrated cathode by a laser irradiation module to make the ice layer in the processing region phase change and melt to form microchannels; then under the action of a pulse electric field, the electrolyte is transported to the processing region of the processing sample through the internal flow channel of the integrated cathode, triggering localized electrochemical processing, and the non-processing region is maintained in a solid state under the continuous cooling effect; by dynamically adjusting the laser energy and the cooling intensity, real-time balance control of the solid-liquid boundary is realized.

[0008] The above scheme specifically comprises the following steps:

[0009] Step S1: clamp the processing surface of the processing sample in the working cavity by placing it under the lower side of the integrated cathode and pressing it with an anode; the integrated cathode is connected to the negative electrode of the pulse power source through a wire, and the processing sample is connected to the positive electrode of the pulse power source through a wire; the temperature of the refrigeration module is set by a computer, so that the electrolyte condenses into ice and wraps the surface of the processing sample;

[0010] Step S2: set the scanning parameters of the laser and the electrical parameters of the electrolytic processing by the instructions sent by the computer, turn on the pulse power source, and supplement the electrolyte lost by the laser beam irradiation; the laser beam irradiates the processing region of the processing sample surface through the transparent cathode head; a local transient high-temperature region is formed at the processing region position to melt the ice layer of the scanned region and locally enhance the electric conductivity, and the laser-enhanced localized electrolytic processing is started;

[0011] Step S3: with the scanning of the laser, the ice layer in the laser irradiation area is melted and vaporized, electrolyte is supplied to the laser irradiation area to form a processing area, and the material in the melted area is electrolytically processed with the transparent cathode head; after the laser scanning path passes, the processed area is frozen, a solid electrolyte layer is formed on the surface again, and the electrolytic processing is terminated; after the scanned area is subjected to the electrochemical test, it is frozen to achieve the dynamic balance between the melted area and the solidified area, and the solid-liquid boundary runs smoothly during the processing; since the solid electrolyte area is difficult to be electrolytically processed, local electrolytic processing is realized; at the same time, the stray corrosion of the unprocessed area is well inhibited.

[0012] Step S4: after the processing is completed, the computer sends a command to the control cabinet to stop working, the processed sample is removed, and the localized electrolytic processing under freezing is completed.

[0013] The processing device based on the ice layer constraint and the laser-induced area-selective electrochemical cooperative processing method comprises an integrated cathode, an integrated cathode movement module, a laser irradiation module and a refrigeration module; the refrigeration module is used to refrigerate the electrolyte; the integrated cathode comprises a transparent cathode head, an insulating left cathode shaft and an insulating right cathode shaft; the transparent cathode head is arranged on the insulating left cathode shaft and the insulating right cathode shaft respectively; the insulating left cathode shaft and the insulating right cathode shaft are respectively provided with a return flow groove and a liquid inlet groove; the electrolyte enters through a liquid inlet and flows out to the surface of the processed sample and then flows out through a liquid outlet; the integrated cathode can be positionally adjusted in two directions along the X-axis and the Y-axis under the driving of the integrated cathode movement module; the laser irradiation module comprises a laser, a reflector, a galvanometer and a lens; the laser beam emitted by the laser passes through the reflector, the galvanometer and the lens and irradiates the processed area of the processed sample.

[0014] In the above scheme, the refrigeration module comprises a condenser pipe and a compressor, and the condenser pipe is arranged in the working cavity and below the processed sample.

[0015] In the above scheme, the integrated cathode movement module comprises a right movable side wall, a right servo motor, a lead screw, a sliding block, a Y-axis lifting platform, a left movable side wall, a base, a left servo motor, a worm gear and a worm; the left movable side wall and the right movable side wall are driven to move upward or downward by the worm and the Y-axis lifting platform respectively; the left servo motor drives the worm gear to drive the worm to move upward or downward, and the right servo motor drives the lead screw to drive the sliding block to move along the X-axis, thereby driving the integrated cathode to move along the X-axis.

[0016] In the above scheme, the left movable side wall and the right movable side wall are arranged in the groove of the base; and sealing rings are arranged at the connection positions of the left movable side wall and the right movable side wall with the groove.

[0017] In the scheme, the liquid inlet is arranged at the lower side of the tail of the insulating right cathode rod body, the outflow port is arranged at the tail of the insulating left cathode rod body, and the jet port and the backflow port are arranged on the transparent cathode head at a certain angle; the jet port is connected with the outlet end of the liquid inlet groove, and the backflow port is connected with the inlet end of the backflow groove.

[0018] In the scheme, the inlet end of the liquid inlet groove is communicated with the liquid inlet, the liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe, the liquid inlet pipe guides the electrolyte in the liquid tank to the liquid inlet; the outlet end of the backflow groove is communicated with the outflow port, the outflow port is communicated with the backflow pipe, and the backflow pipe guides the electrolyte in the working cavity to the waste liquid tank; the outflow port on the left movable side wall is communicated with the outflow pipe, and the outflow pipe guides the used electrolyte to the waste liquid tank.

[0019] In the scheme, the transparent cathode head is made of ITO glass.

[0020] In the scheme, the gap between the processed sample and the lower side of the transparent cathode head is the working cavity; during the laser composite electrolytic machining process, the working cavity is filled with electrolyte; the processed area is rapidly frozen, and the transparent cathode head, the insulating left cathode rod body, the insulating right cathode rod body and the solid-liquid boundary are all the outer walls of the working cavity. Beneficial effects

[0021] 1. The method of the present application is under cold conditions, first, the workpiece to be processed is frozen, and then through the synergistic coupling of laser irradiation and electrochemical dissolution, the energy density of the processing area is enhanced, the surface of the processing area is melted, and the non-processing area is continuously frozen, thereby realizing the purpose of localized electrolytic machining without stray corrosion. At the same time, by designing an electrolyte transportation circuit in the integrated ITO cathode, the low-temperature electrolyte is tangentially injected into the processing surface, forming a stable jet on the processing surface, which is conducive to carrying away bubbles and other electrolytic products, and at the same time, the electrolyte vaporized by the laser in the processing area is supplemented. The device is combined with a numerical control platform through the design of an electrolyte depth adjusting device and an integrated cathode, and the integrated cathode can be processed by reciprocating vibration. Through the synergistic arrangement of the cathode and the laser, stable synergistic processing of the laser thermal effect and electrochemical anodic dissolution in the material surface processing area is ensured; thereby obtaining a processing surface with strong localization, good surface quality, high processing efficiency and small thermal damage.

[0022] 2. Compared with the traditional electrolytic machining mode, the cold state can reduce the electrical conductivity and reduce the stray corrosion of the non-processing area, thereby improving the processing quality; at the same time, the addition of the laser can melt the electrolyte in the processing area from solid to liquid, thereby improving the electrical conductivity in the processing area, and realizing efficient electrochemical anodic dissolution in the position with localized enhanced electrical conductivity, thereby achieving the purpose of localized electrolytic machining without stray corrosion.

[0023] 3. Compared with the traditional electrolyte stirring flow mode in the static state of the anode and cathode, the integrated cathode head designed in the method realizes the following advantages through the dynamic effect of directional jetting of electrolyte fluid: first, the tangential jetting can effectively remove bubbles and electrolysis by-products in the processing area; second, the uniform electric field distribution established based on the fluid mechanics characteristics ensures the dynamic balance of the laser-induced area and the electrochemical dissolution process; and more importantly, the technology breaks through the processing defects of local over-etching or under-etching of the processing surface caused by uneven current density distribution in the traditional stirring electrolyte mode, thereby obtaining a high-quality processing surface.

[0024] 4. The liquid level control module and the movement module of the integrated cathode designed in the method can be specifically set according to processing requirements, so as to realize personalized setting of parameters such as the thickness of the ice layer, the laser defocusing amount and the inter-electrode distance of the two electrodes; the composite regulation system can optimize the laser-electrochemical energy coupling efficiency and maintain the stability of the microenvironment of the processing area through intelligent matching of the process parameters, so as to achieve controllable processing of an ultra-precision complex surface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A device schematic diagram for the region-selective electrochemical cooperative processing based on ice layer constraint and laser induction;

[0026] Figure 2 A process schematic diagram for the laser-induced electrochemical processing under ice;

[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram for the laser-induced electrochemical processing under ice.

[0028] REFERENCE NUMERALS:

[0029] 1 - left movable sidewall; 2 - first check valve; 3 - liquid outlet; 4 - backflow pipe; 5 - test piece support seat; 6 - anode pressing sheet; 7 - inner hexagonal bolt; 8 - outflow port; 9 - left insulated cathode rod body; 10 - backflow groove; 11 - processed test piece; 12 - working cavity; 13 - transparent cathode head; 14 - reflector; 15 - galvanometer; 16 - lens; 17 - right insulated cathode rod body; 18 - laser beam; 19 - beam expander; 20 - right movable sidewall; 21 - X-axis sealing ring; 22 - connecting rod block; 23 - laser; 24 - connecting rod; 25 - first support seat; 26 - sliding block; 27 - lead screw; 28 - second support seat; 29 - coupling; 30 - pulse power supply; 31 - right servo motor; 32 - control cabinet; 33 - computer; 34 - Y-axis lifting platform; 35 - liquid inlet; 36 - liquid inlet pipe; 37 - centrifugal pump; 38 - liquid inlet tank; 39 - first filter; 40 - first pressure gauge; 41 - second check valve; 42 - Y-axis sealing ring; 43 - base; 44 - liquid inlet groove; 45 - jet port; 46 - backflow port; 47 - condenser pipe; 48 - waste liquid tank; 49 - second filter; 50 - second pressure gauge; 51 - third check valve; 52 - worm gear; 53 - left servo motor; 54 - sealing ring; 55 - liquid outlet pipe; 56 - valve; 57 - worm; 58 - liquid electrolyte; 59 - solid electrolyte; 60 - processed profile; 61 - solid-liquid boundary; 62 - laser scanning path; 63 - processing area; 64 - processing product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiments of the present application are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar components are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and should not be understood as limiting the present application.

[0031] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0032] In this application, unless otherwise clearly indicated and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be connected inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings Figure 1 As shown, the device based on ice layer constraint and laser-induced region-selective electrochemical synergistic processing includes a computer 33, a control cabinet 32, a Y-axis lifting platform 34, a right servo motor 31 and a left servo motor 53; the computer 33 is connected with the control cabinet 32, and the control cabinet 32 is connected with the right servo motor 31, the left servo motor 53, the Y-axis lifting platform 34 and the laser 23; the computer 33 controls the movement of the right servo motor 31, the left servo motor 53, the Y-axis lifting platform 34 and the laser 23 through the control cabinet 32; wherein the output end of the right servo motor 31 is connected with a lead screw 27 through a shaft coupling 29, the lead screw 27 is supported at both ends by a first support seat 25 and a second support seat 28 respectively, and the lead screw 27 is used to drive a slider 26 arranged above; one end of the slider 26 is hingedly connected with a connecting rod 24, and the other end of the connecting rod 24 is connected with a connecting rod block 22 through a hexagonal bolt, so as to drive the integrated cathode to move along the X-axis direction. The Y-axis lifting platform 34 drives the integrated cathode to move along the Y-axis direction under the instruction of the control cabinet 32. The output end of the left servo motor 53 drives a worm 57 through a connecting worm wheel 52, so as to drive the left movable side wall to move along the Y-axis direction, and realize the adjustment of the liquid level height; the control cabinet 32 adjusts each movement device, and controls the defocusing amount of laser irradiation on the processing surface during processing.

[0034] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings Figure 1As shown, the integrated cathode includes a transparent cathode head 13, an insulating left cathode shaft 9 and an insulating right cathode shaft 17; the jet port 45, the backflow port 46, the liquid inlet groove 44, the backflow groove 10, the liquid inlet 35 and the outflow port 8 are designed on the integrated cathode; the liquid inlet pipe 36 is connected with the liquid inlet tank 38 at one end and with the liquid inlet 35 at the other end, along the liquid inlet direction of the electrolyte, the liquid inlet pipe 36 is sequentially provided with the centrifugal pump 37, the first pressure gauge 40, the first filter 39 and the second one-way valve 41; the backflow pipe 4 is connected with the backflow port 4 at one end, along the backflow direction of the electrolyte, the electrolyte flows into the liquid outlet pipe 55 through the first one-way valve 2 in the backflow pipe 4; the liquid outlet pipe 55 is connected with the liquid outlet 3 at one end and with the waste liquid tank 48 at the other end, along the liquid outlet direction of the electrolyte, the liquid outlet pipe 55 is sequentially provided with the third one-way valve 51, the second pressure gauge 50 and the second filter 49; the first one-way valve 2 and the third one-way valve 51 are connected with the valve 56 at the outlet end.

[0035] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. Figure 1 As shown, the working cavity 12 is slotted above the base 43, and a blind hole is formed in the slot; the blind hole and the anode pressing sheet 6 are connected by the inner hexagonal bolt 7 to fix the anode pressing sheet 6 on the test piece support seat 5; the anode pressing sheet 6 is provided with a countersunk hole and a through groove, the anode pressing sheet 6 is placed on the upper surface of the anode, the inner hexagonal bolt 7 is used to guide and position the processed test sample 11, and the through groove is used to expose the electrolytic machining area of the processed test sample 11. The processed test piece 11 is suspended above the condenser tube 47, and the condenser tube 47 is fixed on the base 43; the processed test sample 11 is fixed in the working cavity 12 by the anode pressing sheet 6, and is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply 30, and the cathode is connected with the negative electrode of the pulse power supply 30.

[0036] The transparent cathode head 13 is made of ITO glass, the insulated left cathode shaft 9 and the insulated right cathode shaft 17 are made of 304 stainless steel and are externally covered with an insulation layer, and the insulated left cathode shaft and the insulated right cathode shaft are arranged to be insulated to realize local power supply and precise local electrochemical machining; the lower side of the tail of the insulated left cathode shaft 9 is provided with a liquid inlet 35, the rear part is provided with a blind hole connected with the connecting rod block 22 through an internal hexagonal bolt, and the inside is provided with a liquid inlet groove 44; the tail of the insulated right cathode shaft 17 is provided with an outflow port 8, and the inside is provided with a backflow groove 10; the lower side of the transparent cathode head 13 is provided with a jet port 45 and a backflow port 46; the liquid inlet 35 is connected with the liquid inlet groove 44, and the liquid inlet groove 44 is connected with the jet port 45; the outflow port 8 is connected with the backflow groove 10, and the backflow groove 10 is connected with the backflow port 46; the electrolyte enters through the liquid inlet 35 through the liquid inlet pipe 36; the jet port 45 is located below the transparent cathode head 13 and at the rear end of the working cavity 12, and the electrolyte is injected into the working cavity 12 at the tangential direction of the machining surface; the liquid outlet 3 is located on the left movable side wall, in the preparation stage, the valve 56 is closed, the electrolyte is injected into the working cavity 12, and after passing through the machining surface, the electrolyte enters the second filter 49 through the liquid outlet 3; the backflow port 46 is located below the transparent cathode head 13 and at the front end of the working cavity 12, and in the machining stage, the valve 56 is opened, the electrolyte is injected into the working cavity 12, and after passing through the machining surface, the electrolyte enters the backflow pipe 4 through the backflow port 46.

[0037] The drawings are combined Figure 2 The machining surface of the test piece 11 is first wrapped by the liquid electrolyte 58, and then refrigerated by the condenser pipe 47 until the electrolyte is solidified; the scanned area is converted from solid state to liquid state or gaseous state by the laser beam 18, and the electrolyte is supplemented through the transparent cathode head 13, the melting area forms an electrochemical machining condition and becomes a machining area 63; with the scanning path 62 of the laser, the scanned area is frozen after the electrochemical test, and the dynamic balance between the melting area and the solidification area is achieved, and the solid-liquid boundary 61 moves smoothly with the machining.

[0038] The drawings are combined Figure 3 The laser beam 18 irradiates an electrolytic channel below the transparent cathode head 13, forming a dynamic machining area 63.

[0039] The jet of the integrated cathode is tangentially emitted from the jet port, which is beneficial to carry away bubbles and other electrolytic products, and makes the current on the machining surface uniform.

[0040] The drawings are combined Figure 1, laser beam 18 is below the processing sample 11, the laser beam 18 emitted by the laser 23 passes through the beam expander 19, is reflected by the 45°-arranged mirror 14, and is irradiated on the ice-enclosed region to be processed of the processing sample 11 through the galvanometer 15 and the lens 16. The laser 23 can be a conventional nanosecond pulse laser or a picosecond / femtosecond ultrashort pulse laser. The use of the ultrashort pulse laser helps to concentrate the temperature field in the material, further enhances the locality of the surface electrolytic processing of the material, and improves the processing quality.

[0041] Specifically, the implementation method of the ice layer constraint and the laser-induced region-selective electrochemical cooperative processing is as follows:

[0042] Step S1: The processing surface of the processing sample 11 is clamped in the working cavity 12 on the integrated cathode side through the anode pressing sheet 6; the liquid level is controlled by adjusting the left movable side wall 1 through the control of the left servo motor 53 by the control cabinet 32, and the spatial position of the integrated cathode head 13 is adjusted through the right servo motor 31 and the Y-axis lifting platform 34; according to the instruction of the computer 33, the control cabinet 32 adjusts the laser 23 to the initial processing position, so that the surface to be processed of the processing sample 11 is below the integrated cathode head 13, and the left liquid outlet 3 is higher than the lower surface of the integrated cathode head 13; the processing sample 11 is connected to the positive electrode of the pulse power supply 30, and the integrated cathode is connected to the negative electrode of the pulse power supply 30; the temperature of the refrigeration module is set by the computer 33; the valve 56 is closed, the power supply of the centrifugal pump 37 is turned on, the electrolyte flows into the working cavity 12 from the liquid inlet tank 38 through the liquid inlet groove 44; when the electrolyte reaches the expected height, the centrifugal pump 37 is turned off, and the refrigeration module is turned on to refrigerate the electrolyte until the electrolyte is frozen to wrap the processing sample surface;

[0043] Step S2: The scanning parameters of the laser 23 and the electrical parameters of the electrolytic processing are set by the instruction of the computer 33; the pulse power supply 30, the valve 56 and the centrifugal pump 37 are turned on to supplement the electrolyte lost by the irradiation of the laser beam 18; the laser beam 18 can irradiate the surface to be processed through the transparent cathode head 13; the laser beam 18 emitted by the laser 23 passes through the mirror 14, the galvanometer 15 and the lens 16, and irradiates the processing region 63 of the processing sample 11, thereby forming a local transient high-temperature region at the specified position of the processing sample 11, melting the ice layer of the scanned region, and enhancing the conductivity of the region, so that the laser-enhanced localized electrolytic processing is started;

[0044] Step S3: With the scanning of the laser, the ice layer of the irradiated area melts and vaporizes under the influence of the heat, the transparent cathode head 13 replenishes the electrolyte to the area, forming a processing area 63, and the melted area material is electrolytically processed with the integrated cathode head 13; after the laser scanning path 62 passes, the area is frozen, and a solid electrolyte layer 59 is formed on the surface again, and the electrolytic processing of the area is terminated; the scanned area is electrolytically processed, and then frozen, achieving a dynamic balance between the melted area and the solidified area, and the solid-liquid boundary 61 is smoothly operated with the processing; the solid electrolyte area 59 is difficult to electrolytically process, and thus local electrolytic processing is achieved; at the same time, stray corrosion in the unprocessed area is well inhibited;

[0045] Step S4: After the processing is completed, the computer sends a command to the control cabinet to stop working, and the processed sample is removed, completing the localized electrolytic processing under freezing.

[0046] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily mean the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0047] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present application, and those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, replacements and variations to the above-described embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method of laser-induced synergistic processing based on ice layer confinement and regional selectivity electrochemistry, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: constructing a solid ice layer on the surface of the processing sample (11) by using a refrigeration module, heating the processing sample (11) through a transparent cathode head (13) in an integrated cathode by a laser irradiation module, and making the ice layer in the processing area phase change and melt to form micro-channels; then, under the action of a pulse electric field, the electrolyte is transported to the processing area of the processing sample (11) through the internal flow channel of the integrated cathode, and the localized electrochemical processing is triggered, and the non-processing area is maintained in a solid state under the continuous refrigeration effect; By dynamically adjusting the laser energy and the cooling intensity, the real-time balance control of the solid-liquid boundary (61) is realized; the integrated cathode can be positionally adjusted in two directions along the X axis and the Y axis under the driving of an integrated cathode movement module, so that the thickness of the ice layer, the laser defocusing amount and the inter-electrode distance of the integrated cathode and the processing sample (11) can be individually set; specifically, the method comprises an integrated cathode, an integrated cathode movement module, a laser irradiation module and a refrigeration module; the refrigeration module is used for refrigerating the electrolyte; the integrated cathode comprises a transparent cathode head (13), an insulating left cathode shaft (9) and an insulating right cathode shaft (17); the transparent cathode head (13) is arranged on the insulating left cathode shaft (9) and the insulating right cathode shaft (17) respectively; the insulating left cathode shaft (9) and the insulating right cathode shaft (17) are respectively provided with a backflow groove (10) and a liquid inlet groove (44); the electrolyte enters the surface of the processing sample (11) through a liquid inlet (35) and then flows out through a liquid outlet (8); the laser irradiation module comprises a laser (23), a reflector (14), a galvanometer (15) and a lens (16); the laser beam (18) emitted by the laser (23) is irradiated on the processing area (63) of the processing sample (11) through the reflector (14), the galvanometer (15) and the lens (16); and the specific processing method comprises the following steps: Step S1: the processing surface of the processing sample (11) is arranged below the integrated cathode and clamped in the working cavity (12) through an anode pressing sheet (6); the integrated cathode is connected with the negative electrode of a pulse power supply (30) through a wire, the processing sample (11) is connected with the positive electrode of the pulse power supply (30) through a wire, and the temperature of the refrigeration module is set through a computer (33), so that the electrolyte is condensed into ice and wrapped on the surface of the processing sample (11); Step S2: the scanning parameters of the laser (23) and the electrical parameters of the electrochemical processing are set through the instructions sent by the computer (33), the pulse power supply (30) is started, and the electrolyte lost by the laser beam (18) is supplemented; the laser beam (18) is irradiated on the processing area (63) of the processing sample (11) through the transparent cathode head (13); a local transient high-temperature area is formed at the position of the processing area (63), so that the ice layer in the scanned area is melted to locally enhance the conductivity, and the localized electrochemical processing enhanced by the laser is started; Step S3: with the scanning of the laser, the ice layer in the laser irradiation area is melted and vaporized, the electrolyte is replenished in the laser irradiation area, a processing area (63) is formed, and the material in the melted area is processed by electrolysis with the transparent cathode head (13); after the laser scanning path (62) passes, the processed area is frozen, a solid electrolyte (59) is formed on the surface again, and the electrolytic processing is terminated; the scanned area is subjected to electrochemical test and then frozen, so that the dynamic balance between the melted area and the solidified area is achieved, and the solid-liquid boundary (61) runs smoothly during the processing; since the solid electrolyte (59) area is difficult to be electrolyzed, local electrolysis is realized; at the same time, the stray corrosion of the unprocessed area is well inhibited; Step S4: after the processing is completed, the computer (33) sends a command to the control cabinet to stop working, and the processed sample (11) is removed, thereby completing the localized electrolytic processing under freezing.

2. The ice layer constraint and laser-induced zone-selective electrochemical synergic processing method according to claim 1, wherein, The refrigeration module comprises a condenser pipe (47) and a compressor, and the condenser pipe (47) is arranged in the working cavity (12) and below the processed sample (11).

3. The ice layer constraint and laser-induced zone-selective electrochemical synergic processing method according to claim 1, wherein, The integrated cathode movement module comprises a right movable side wall (20), a right servo motor (31), a lead screw (27), a sliding block (26), a Y-axis lifting platform (34), a left movable side wall (1), a base (43), a left servo motor (53), a worm wheel (52) and a worm (57); the left movable side wall (1) and the right movable side wall (20) are driven to move upward or downward through the worm (57) and the Y-axis lifting platform (34) respectively; the left servo motor (53) drives the worm wheel (52) to drive the worm (57) to move upward or downward, and the right servo motor (31) drives the lead screw (27) to drive the sliding block (26) to move along the X-axis, thereby driving the integrated cathode to move along the X-axis.

4. The ice layer constraint and laser-induced zone-selective electrochemical synergic processing method according to claim 3, wherein, The left movable side wall (1) and the right movable side wall (20) are arranged in the groove of the base (43); and sealing rings (54) are arranged at the connection positions of the left movable side wall (1) and the right movable side wall (20) and the groove.

5. The ice layer constraint and laser-induced zone-selective electrochemical synergic processing method according to claim 1, wherein, The liquid inlet (35) is arranged at the lower side of the tail of the insulated right cathode shaft (17), the outflow port (8) is arranged at the tail of the insulated left cathode shaft (9), and the jet port (45) and the backflow port (46) are arranged on the transparent cathode head (13) at a certain angle; the jet port (45) is connected with the outlet end of the liquid inlet groove (44), and the backflow port (46) is connected with the inlet end of the backflow groove (10).

6. The ice layer constraint and laser-induced zone-selective electrochemical synergic processing method according to claim 5, wherein, The inlet end of the liquid inlet groove (44) is communicated with the liquid inlet (35), the liquid inlet (35) is communicated with the liquid inlet pipe (36), the liquid inlet pipe (36) leads the electrolyte in the liquid inlet tank (38) into the liquid inlet (35); the outlet end of the backflow groove (10) is communicated with the outflow port (8), the outflow port (8) is communicated with the backflow pipe (4), and the backflow pipe (4) leads the electrolyte in the working cavity (12) into the waste liquid tank (48); the liquid outlet (3) on the left movable side wall (1) is communicated with the liquid outlet pipe (55), and the liquid outlet pipe (55) leads the used electrolyte into the waste liquid tank (48).

7. The ice layer constraint and laser-induced zone-selective electrochemical synergic processing method according to claim 5, wherein, The transparent cathode head (13) is made of ITO glass.

8. The ice layer constraint and laser-induced zone-selective electrochemical synergic processing method according to claim 5, wherein, The gap between the processing sample (11) and the lower part of the transparent cathode head (13) is the working cavity (12); during the process of ice layer constraint and laser-induced area-selective electrochemical collaborative processing, the working cavity (12) is filled with electrolyte; the processed area is rapidly frozen, and the transparent cathode head (13), the insulating left cathode shaft (9), the insulating right cathode shaft (17) and the solid-liquid boundary (61) are all the outer sidewalls of the working cavity (12).

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