Synergistic disinfection method for aquaculture bottom mud

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sludge treatment, and particularly discloses an aquaculture bottom mud collaborative disinfection method which comprises the following steps: detecting the water quality of water in a culture pond, selecting a beneficial microbial preparation according to a detection result, uniformly putting the microbial preparation into the culture pond, and draining the water in the culture pond to expose bottom mud; ozone is introduced into the bottom mud; adding a chemical disinfectant into the bottom mud; carrying out physical disinfection on the bottom mud of which the moisture is drained; and scattering a repairing agent on the physically disinfected bottom mud, sealing for 10-15 days, putting the bottom mud into the culture pond again, and putting aquatic plants and benthic organisms into the culture pond. According to the collaborative disinfection method for the aquaculture bottom mud, the advantages of a biological disinfection method, a chemical disinfection method and a physical disinfection method are integrated, harmful organisms such as pathogenic bacteria and parasites in the bottom mud can be effectively killed, the content of organic matter in the bottom mud is reduced, and the quality of the bottom mud is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture bottom mud. Background Art

[0002] In the process of aquaculture, the quality of sediment is crucial to the growth and health of farmed organisms. A large amount of organic matter, pathogens and parasites may accumulate in the sediment. If not effectively disinfected, it will lead to the occurrence of diseases in farmed organisms and affect the breeding benefits. At present, the commonly used sediment disinfection methods include chemical disinfection and physical disinfection, but these methods have certain limitations. For example, chemical disinfection may cause pollution to the breeding environment, and physical disinfection is more expensive. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sediment, which combines the advantages of biological, chemical and physical disinfection methods, can effectively kill harmful organisms such as pathogens and parasites in the sediment, reduce the organic matter content in the sediment, and improve the sediment quality.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge, comprising the following steps: S1. Test the water quality of the water in the breeding pond, select beneficial microbial preparations based on the test results, and evenly place the microbial preparations in the breeding pond to ensure that the entire breeding pond is covered. Closely monitor the changes in the water body in the breeding pond, maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water body at 4-6 mg / L for 7-10 days, and then drain the water in the breeding pond to expose the bottom mud; S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud. Then, introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles through the ozone diffusion device and diffused. The ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. S3. Add chemical disinfectants into the bottom mud, and select the appropriate amount according to the different types of chemical disinfectants; S4. Collect the sediment and remove excess water from it by filtering or centrifuging, and physically disinfect the drained sediment; S5. Sprinkle the repair agent on the physically disinfected sludge, seal it for 10-15 days, put the sludge back into the breeding pond, and add aquatic plants and benthic organisms.

[0005] Preferably, in step S1, a protective film or a matrix tank is provided at the bottom of the culture pond, the bottom mud and water are located on the protective film or the matrix tank, and the dissolved oxygen, pH value and temperature indexes of the water quality are detected.

[0006] Preferably, in step S1, after the water in the culture pond is drained to expose the bottom mud, a high-pressure water gun is used to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof membrane or the matrix groove to make the bottom mud in a soft state.

[0007] Preferably, in step S2, the time for introducing ozone is 30-60 minutes.

[0008] Preferably, in step S3, the chemical disinfectant is one or more of quicklime, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide.

[0009] Preferably, in step S4, the physical disinfection is to use solar energy, air energy or steam energy to perform high-temperature disinfection on the drained sludge.

[0010] Preferably, in step S5, the repair agent is composed of biochar, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of (5-12): (2-5): (20-25): (15-25): (20-30).

[0011] Preferably, in step S5, the bottom mud is stacked layer by layer, and a layer of repair agent is evenly sprinkled on each layer of the bottom mud. After stacking, it is covered and sealed with a plastic film.

[0012] Preferably, in step S5, the sludge needs to be wetted with water before being stacked, and the water content is 45-65%.

[0013] The advantages and beneficial effects of the above-mentioned aquaculture sludge coordinated disinfection method adopted by the present invention are: 1. The disinfection method of the present invention combines the advantages of biological, chemical and physical disinfection methods, can effectively kill pathogens, parasites and other harmful organisms in the sediment, reduce the organic matter content in the sediment, and improve the quality of the sediment.

[0014] 2. The biological pretreatment of the present invention can reduce the use of chemical disinfectants and reduce pollution to the breeding environment. The physical disinfection method is low-cost, simple to operate, and will not cause harm to the breeding organisms. Ecological restoration can promote the material cycle of the bottom mud and improve the ecological stability of the breeding pond.

[0015] 3. Add the repair agent to the physically disinfected bottom mud and seal it to further disinfect and repair the soil. The bottom mud plays a dual role of disinfection and fertilization, is safe and non-toxic, sterilizes thoroughly, and can effectively repair the bottom mud so that it can be recycled.

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0018] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in the present invention shall have the common meanings understood by one having ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.

[0019] A method for collaborative disinfection of aquaculture sludge comprises the following steps: S1. Biological pretreatment: A protective film or matrix tank is installed at the bottom of the breeding pond, and the bottom mud and water are located on the protective film or matrix tank to facilitate the loosening of the bottom mud in preparation for subsequent disinfection. The water in the breeding pond is tested for dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature indicators. Based on the test results, beneficial microbial preparations are selected and evenly placed in the breeding pond to ensure that the entire breeding pond is covered.

[0020] When the dissolved oxygen content in the water is low, choose Bacillus with oxygen production ability; when the pH deviates from the appropriate range, choose lactic acid bacteria that can adjust the pH. Accurately calculate the amount of release, and release about 1 kg of Bacillus preparation or about 1.5 kg of lactic acid bacteria preparation per mu of pond. When releasing, spread it evenly into the pond to ensure that the entire breeding area is covered.

[0021] Closely monitor the changes in the water in the breeding pond, keep the dissolved oxygen in the water at 4-6mg / L, and the water temperature at 20-25℃. Maintain suitable environmental conditions through aeration equipment and water level adjustment to promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms. Continue for 7-10 days to allow the beneficial microorganisms to fully play their role, decompose the organic matter in the bottom mud, and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Then drain the water in the breeding pond to expose the bottom mud, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof membrane or substrate tank to make the bottom mud soft.

[0022] S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it, remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud, and introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud for 30-60 minutes. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles by the ozone diffusion device and diffused, and the ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. The bottom mud has been processed into a soft state by a high-pressure water gun, which is conducive to the full and uniform mixing of ozone microbubbles in the bottom mud. The ozone diffusion device belongs to the prior art, and the ozone diffusion device converts ozone into ozone microbubbles and diffuses and mixes them in the aquaculture bottom mud.

[0023] S3. Chemical disinfection: Add chemical disinfectants into the bottom mud, and choose the appropriate amount according to the different types of chemical disinfectants; chemical disinfectants are one or more of quicklime, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide. Chemical disinfectants can quickly kill harmful organisms such as pathogens and parasites in the bottom mud. When adding chemical disinfectants, pay attention to controlling the dosage to avoid excessive residues that may cause damage to subsequent aquaculture organisms.

[0024] S4. Collect the sediment and remove the excess water in the sediment by filtering or centrifugation, and perform physical disinfection on the drained sediment. Physical disinfection is to use solar energy, air energy or steam energy to perform high-temperature disinfection on the drained sediment. Combined with the mechanical tillage method, the sediment is tilled to the surface to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0025] S5. Sprinkle the repair agent on the physically disinfected sludge and seal it for 10-15 days. The repair agent is composed of biomass charcoal, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of (5-12): (2-5): (20-25): (15-25): (20-30). Stack the sludge layer by layer. The sludge needs to be wetted with water before stacking. The water content is 45-65%. Sprinkle a layer of repair agent evenly on each layer of sludge. After stacking, cover and seal it with plastic film. After sealing, put the sludge back into the breeding pond and add aquatic plants and benthic organisms. Aquatic plants can absorb nutrients in the sludge and purify the water quality; benthic organisms can turn over the sludge and promote the material circulation of the sludge.

[0026] Example 1 A method for collaborative disinfection of aquaculture sludge comprises the following steps: S1. Biological pretreatment: A protective film is installed at the bottom of the breeding pond, and the bottom mud and water are located on the protective film. The water quality of the water in the breeding pond is tested, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water quality is 2.1 mg / L. Bacillus preparations are put into the breeding pond, and 1 kg is put into each acre of pond. Keep the dissolved oxygen content of the pond water above 5 mg / L and the water temperature at around 25°C for one week, so that the beneficial microorganisms can fully play their role, decompose the organic matter in the bottom mud, and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Then drain the water in the breeding pond to expose the bottom mud, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof film or matrix tank to make the bottom mud soft.

[0027] S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud. Then, introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud for 40 minutes. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles through the ozone diffusion device and diffused. The ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. The bottom mud has been processed into a soft state by a high-pressure water gun, which is conducive to the full and uniform mixing of ozone microbubbles in the bottom mud.

[0028] S3. Chemical disinfection: Add chlorine dioxide disinfectant into the bottom mud, 200 grams per mu of breeding pond, to quickly kill pathogens, parasites and other harmful organisms in the bottom mud.

[0029] S4. Collect the sediment and remove excess water from the sediment by filtering or centrifugation, and physically disinfect the drained sediment. Use solar energy to disinfect the drained sediment at high temperature. Combined with mechanical tillage, the sediment is tilled to the surface to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0030] S5. Seal the physically disinfected bottom mud. Before sealing, wet the bottom mud with water to make the water content of the bottom mud 50%. Stack the bottom mud layer by layer, and evenly sprinkle a layer of repair agent on each layer of bottom mud. After stacking, spray EM biological bacteria agent, and then cover and seal with plastic film for 10-15 days. After sealing, put the bottom mud back into the breeding pond, put in Yin Le Algae and snails. Put 10 kg of Elodea and 50 kg of snails per acre of pond. Yin Le Algae can absorb nutrients in the bottom mud and purify the water quality; snails can turn over the bottom mud and promote the material circulation of the bottom mud. The repair agent is composed of biomass charcoal, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of 10:2:20:20:25.

[0031] Example 2 A method for collaborative disinfection of aquaculture sludge comprises the following steps: S1. Biological pretreatment. A matrix tank is provided at the bottom of the breeding pond, and the bottom mud and water are located on the matrix tank. The water quality in the breeding pond is tested. The dissolved oxygen content of the water quality is 3.5 mg / L and the pH is 8.2. Lactic acid bacteria preparations are put into the breeding pond, and 1.5 kg is put into each acre of pond. The dissolved oxygen content of the pond water is kept above 4 mg / L and the water temperature is around 20°C for ten days. Let the beneficial microorganisms play their full role, decompose the organic matter in the bottom mud, and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Then drain the water in the breeding pond to expose the bottom mud, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof membrane or the matrix tank to make the bottom mud soft.

[0032] S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud. Then, introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud for 50 minutes. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles through the ozone diffusion device and diffused. The ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. The bottom mud has been processed into a soft state by a high-pressure water gun, which is conducive to the full and uniform mixing of ozone microbubbles in the bottom mud.

[0033] S3. Chemical disinfection: Add quicklime disinfectant into the bottom mud, 100 kg per mu of breeding pond, to quickly kill pathogens, parasites and other harmful organisms in the bottom mud.

[0034] S4. Collect the sediment and remove the excess water in the sediment by filtering or centrifugation, and physically disinfect the drained sediment. Use air energy to disinfect the drained sediment at high temperature. Combined with mechanical tillage, the sediment is tilled to the surface to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0035] S5. Seal the physically disinfected bottom mud. Before sealing, wet the bottom mud with water to make the water content of the bottom mud 60%. Stack the bottom mud layer by layer, and evenly sprinkle a layer of repair agent on each layer of bottom mud. After stacking, spray EM biological bacteria agent, and then cover and seal with plastic film for 10-15 days. After sealing, put the bottom mud back into the breeding pond, and put in Vallisneria and river clams. Put 15 kg of Vallisneria and 60 kg of river clams per acre of pond. Dead grass can absorb nutrients in the bottom mud and purify water quality; river clams can turn over the bottom mud and promote the material circulation of the bottom mud. The repair agent is composed of biochar, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of 8:3:25:15:30.

[0036] Comparative Example 1 A method for disinfecting aquaculture sludge comprises the following steps: S1. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud. Then, introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud for 40 minutes.

[0037] S2. Chemical disinfection: add chlorine dioxide disinfectant into the bottom mud, 200 grams per acre of breeding pond.

[0038] S3. Collect the sediment and remove excess water from the sediment by filtering or centrifugation, and physically disinfect the drained sediment. Use solar energy to disinfect the drained sediment at high temperature. Combined with mechanical tillage, the sediment is tilled to the surface to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0039] S4. Seal the physically disinfected bottom mud. Before sealing, wet the bottom mud with water to make the water content of the bottom mud 50%. Stack the bottom mud layer by layer, and evenly sprinkle a layer of repair agent on each layer of bottom mud. After stacking, spray EM biological bacteria agent, and then cover and seal with plastic film for 10-15 days. After sealing, put the bottom mud back into the breeding pond. The repair agent is composed of biomass charcoal, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of 10:2:20:20:25.

[0040] Comparative Example 2 A method for disinfecting aquaculture sludge comprises the following steps: S1. Biological pretreatment: A protective film is installed at the bottom of the breeding pond, and the bottom mud and water are located on the protective film. The water quality of the water in the breeding pond is tested, and the dissolved oxygen content of the water quality is 2.1 mg / L. Bacillus preparations are put into the breeding pond, and 1 kg is put into each acre of pond. Keep the dissolved oxygen content of the pond water above 5 mg / L and the water temperature at around 25°C for one week, so that the beneficial microorganisms can fully play their role, decompose the organic matter in the bottom mud, and inhibit the growth of pathogens. Then drain the water in the breeding pond to expose the bottom mud, and use a high-pressure water gun to spray the bottom mud from the waterproof film or matrix tank to make the bottom mud soft.

[0041] S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud. Then, introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud for 40 minutes. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles through the ozone diffusion device and diffused. The ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. S3. Chemical disinfection: Add chlorine dioxide disinfectant into the bottom mud, 200 grams per mu of breeding pond, to quickly kill pathogens, parasites and other harmful organisms in the bottom mud.

[0042] S4. Collect the sediment and remove excess water from the sediment by filtering or centrifugation, and physically disinfect the drained sediment. Use solar energy to disinfect the drained sediment at high temperature. Combined with mechanical tillage, the sediment is tilled to the surface to increase the contact area between the sediment and the air, and promote the oxidation and decomposition of harmful substances in the sediment.

[0043] S5. Return the bottom sludge to the aquaculture pond for recycling.

[0044] According to the disinfection method of Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 (no aquatic plants and aquatic animals are put in Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2), 60 kg of sludge was collected from the same shrimp breeding pond, and the sludge was disinfected by the disinfection method corresponding to Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2. The microbial removal rate and total organic carbon removal rate of the sludge before and after disinfection were determined, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Test results ;

[0046] The shrimp culture pond bottom mud disinfected according to the disinfection method of Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2 was placed back into different culture ponds, water was added to each culture pond, and the same number of Daphnia magna and Algae yin were placed in each culture pond to observe the growth of Daphnia magna and Algae yin. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0047] Table 2 Observation results ;

[0048] As can be seen from Table 1, Comparative Example 1 did not undergo biological pretreatment and ozone did not pass through an ozone diffusion device to convert ozone into ozone microbubbles and diffuse and mix in aquaculture sediments, and the microbial treatment effect of Comparative Example 1 was the worst. Comparative Example 2 did not add a repair agent to the sediment for sealing treatment, and the total organic carbon removal rate in Comparative Example 2 was the highest. Because both Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 1 performed a repair agent sealing treatment on the sediment, adding a repair agent to repair the sediment was to increase the total organic carbon content in the sediment, avoiding the negative impact of too low an organic carbon content on the ecological function of the sediment.

[0049] Too low total organic carbon content in sediments may affect the survival and reproduction of benthic organisms, because some benthic organisms feed on organic carbon in the sediments, and the lack of organic carbon is not conducive to the normal progress of ecological processes such as microbial decomposition, thereby indirectly affecting the stability and recovery capacity of the entire sediment ecosystem.

[0050] As shown in Table 2, in Comparative Example 1, no biological pretreatment was performed on the bottom mud, so the high content of harmful microorganisms had an adverse effect on the growth of Daphnia magna and Yinle Algae. In Comparative Example 2, no restoration agent sealing treatment was performed on the bottom mud, resulting in worse growth of Daphnia magna and Yinle Algae.

[0051] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned aquaculture sediment coordinated disinfection method, which combines the advantages of biological, chemical and physical disinfection methods, can effectively kill pathogens, parasites and other harmful organisms in the sediment, reduce the organic matter content in the sediment, and improve the sediment quality.

[0052] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for collaborative disinfection of aquaculture sludge, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Test the water quality of the water in the breeding pond, select beneficial microbial preparations based on the test results, and evenly place the microbial preparations in the breeding pond to ensure that the entire breeding pond is covered. Closely monitor the changes in the water body in the breeding pond, maintain the dissolved oxygen in the water body at 4-6 mg / L for 7-10 days, and then drain the water in the breeding pond to expose the bottom mud; S2. Collect the bottom mud and filter it to remove the large particles of impurities in the bottom mud. Then, introduce ozone into the filtered bottom mud. The ozone is converted into ozone microbubbles through the ozone diffusion device and diffused. The ozone microbubbles are mixed in the bottom mud. S3. Add chemical disinfectants into the bottom mud, and select the appropriate amount of chemical disinfectants according to different types; S4. Collect the sediment and remove excess water from it by filtering or centrifuging, and physically disinfect the drained sediment; S5. Sprinkle the repair agent on the physically disinfected sludge, seal it for 10-15 days, put the sludge back into the breeding pond, and add aquatic plants and benthic organisms.

2. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a protective film or a matrix tank is provided at the bottom of the culture pond, and bottom mud and water are located on the protective film or the matrix tank.

3. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, after the water in the culture pond is drained to expose the bottom mud, the bottom mud is sprayed from the protective film or the matrix tank using a high-pressure water gun to make the bottom mud in a soft state.

4. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the time for introducing ozone is 30-60 minutes.

5. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the chemical disinfectant is one or more of quicklime, chlorine dioxide, and hydrogen peroxide.

6. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sediment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, physical disinfection is to use solar energy, air energy or steam energy to perform high-temperature disinfection on the drained sludge.

7. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the repair agent is composed of biochar, rice bran, soybean meal, distiller's grains, and zeolite in a mass ratio of (5-12): (2-5): (20-25): (15-25): (20-30).

8. The method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the bottom mud is piled up layer by layer, and a layer of repair agent is evenly sprinkled on each layer of the bottom mud. After the bottom mud is piled up, it is covered and sealed with a plastic film.

9. A method for coordinated disinfection of aquaculture sediment according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S5, the bottom mud needs to be wetted with water before being piled up, and the water content is 45-65%.