Cold-proof and heat-insulating polyurethane composite material applied to door and window assembly

Abstract

The invention discloses a polyurethane composite material applied to cold protection and heat insulation of door and window components. The polyurethane composite material is prepared from the following components: 50 to 70 parts of bio-based polyether polyol, 30 to 60 parts of bio-based isocyanate, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a catalyst, 5 to 10 parts of a foaming agent, 6 to 10 parts of graphene nanosheets, 6 to 10 parts of expanded graphite, 4 to 8 parts of silicon dioxide aerogel, 0.5 to 1.5 parts of a silane coupling agent, 3 to 6 parts of hard filler, 5 to 15 parts of a toughening agent and 2 to 4 parts of a processing aid. By optimizing the formula and process parameters, the cold-proof and heat-insulating properties are remarkably improved, meanwhile, good mechanical properties and durability are kept, and the use requirements of door and window assemblies in extreme environments are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of building materials and composite materials, and in particular to a polyurethane composite material used for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components. Background Art

[0002] Polyurethane composite materials are widely used in the construction field due to their excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties. However, the existing polyurethane composite materials used in door and window assemblies still have the problem of insufficient cold-proof and heat-insulating properties, especially in extremely cold or high temperature environments. Traditional polyurethane materials have high thermal conductivity and tend to become brittle at low temperatures, which limits their application in door and window assemblies.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the thermal insulation performance and durability of polyurethane materials. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a polyurethane composite material used for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies. By optimizing the formula and process parameters, its cold-proof and heat-insulating properties are significantly improved while maintaining good mechanical properties and durability, thereby meeting the use requirements of door and window assemblies in extreme environments and effectively solving the problems of insufficient cold-proof and heat-insulating properties and durability of existing polyurethane materials mentioned in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a polyurethane composite material used for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies. The polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of bio-based polyether polyol, 30-60 parts of bio-based isocyanate, 0.5-1.5 parts of catalyst, 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 6-10 parts of graphene nanosheets, 6-10 parts of expanded graphite, 4-8 parts of silica aerogel, 0.5-1.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 3-6 parts of hard filler, 5-15 parts of toughening agent and 2-4 parts of processing aid.

[0007] The addition of graphene nanosheets can significantly improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties of polyurethane composites. The two-dimensional structure of graphene can effectively block the heat conduction path and improve the thermal stability of the material; at the same time, the interface interaction between graphene and the polyurethane matrix can improve the stress transfer efficiency, thereby significantly improving the tensile strength and impact resistance of the material.

[0008] The addition of expanded graphite can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of polyurethane composites and improve thermal insulation performance. Expanded graphite has good thermal insulation properties and can effectively reduce heat conduction. Expanded graphite plays a role in heat insulation and flame retardancy in polyurethane. It can expand to form a porous structure at high temperatures, effectively blocking heat transfer, thereby significantly improving the thermal insulation and flame retardancy of polyurethane. In addition, expanded graphite can also improve the dimensional stability and compressive strength of polyurethane.

[0009] Silica aerogel has low thermal conductivity. Adding an appropriate amount of silica aerogel can further improve the thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength of polyurethane composites.

[0010] Furthermore, the bio-based polyether polyol is selected from at least one of castor oil-based polyether polyol, soybean oil-based polyether polyol, cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol, straw-based polyether polyol and polytrimethylene ether glycol.

[0011] Bio-based polyether polyols, such as vegetable oil-based polyols, are derived from renewable resources and have good environmental protection and thermal insulation properties. The use of bio-based polyether polyols gives the material good renewability and excellent physical and chemical stability. Its introduction not only reduces dependence on petroleum-based polyols, but also improves the flexibility, thermal insulation and degradation properties of polyurethane.

[0012] Castor oil-based polyether polyol is a polyether polyol synthesized from castor oil as raw material, which has good flexibility and chemical stability, and can significantly improve the compressive strength and thermal stability of polyurethane foam. As an example, castor oil-based polyether polyol can be selected from BASF's SOVERMOL 815 polyether and polyester castor oil modified polyol (superior grade), Nantong Qinruiyang Chemical Co., Ltd.'s HSH-204 polyether polyol, Shanghai Huanyang Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.'s ALBODUR 941 (a VOC-free castor oil-based polyurethane polyol), and Guangzhou Haoyi New Materials Technology Co., Ltd.'s Vantelus series products (including D1000, POLYCIN D-290, D-140 and M-280 models of modified castor oil polyols, all of which are superior grades and heat-resistant and hydrolysis-resistant).

[0013] Cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol is a polyether polyol synthesized from cashew nut shell oil as raw material. As an example, cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol can be selected from cashew nut shell oil bio-based modified polyols of Guangzhou Haoyi New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., with models such as FX-9001LV, LITE 9001, FX-9008, FX-9014, etc. These cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol products have excellent water resistance, chemical resistance and balanced mechanical strength.

[0014] Soybean oil-based polyether polyols are bio-based polyether polyols derived from soybean oil, which are renewable and have good physical and chemical properties.

[0015] Straw-based polyether polyols are polyether polyols prepared by straw liquefaction and have good environmental performance.

[0016] Polytrimethylene ether glycol (PO3G) is a 100% bio-based, high-performance polyether polyol with a unique helical molecular structure. SK Chemical's ECOPROL H2000 is an environmentally sustainable bio-based specialty polyether polyol. Thanks to ECOPROL's unique helical molecular structure, it has unique properties such as elasticity, flexibility and processability in various PU applications compared to PTMG, and can be used to make elastomers, textile coatings, synthetic leather, performance coatings and jet inks. ECOPROL has a lower carbon footprint than other petroleum-based polyols, saving 40% of energy and 42% of greenhouse gas emissions in the production process.

[0017] Preferably, the bio-based polyether polyol comprises castor oil-based polyether polyol and cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol in a weight ratio of 1:2.

[0018] Furthermore, the bio-based isocyanate includes L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate in a weight ratio of 3:2.

[0019] Bio-based isocyanates are synthesized from natural renewable resources (such as fatty acids, lignin, amino acids, etc.) and have comparable performance to traditional petroleum-based isocyanates. Bio-based isocyanates (such as L-lysine diisocyanate, LDI) partially replace traditional petroleum-based isocyanates, which can significantly increase the bio-based content of polyurethane and reduce dependence on petroleum resources. At the same time, the introduction of bio-based isocyanates can improve the degradation performance and hydrophilicity of polyurethane, making it more suitable for the needs of environmentally friendly materials.

[0020] L-Lysine diisocyanate (LDI) is a bio-based isocyanate with good biocompatibility.

[0021] 1,5-Pentamethylenediisocyanate (PDI) is a new type of aliphatic diisocyanate, usually synthesized from bio-based 1,5-pentamethylenediamine (PDA) by phosgenation. PDI has high gloss stability and wear resistance.

[0022] Furthermore, the catalyst is selected from at least one of dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, triethylenediamine, an organic bismuth catalyst, and sodium hydroxide. These catalysts have a high catalytic effect and are conducive to accelerating the reaction of isocyanate and polyol.

[0023] Furthermore, the foaming agent is selected from at least one of cyclopentane, azodicarbonamide, and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine. These foaming agents have high foaming capacity and good foaming effect, and further reduce thermal conductivity by forming a microporous structure.

[0024] Further, the silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of mercaptosilane coupling agent, aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (i.e., silane coupling agent KH560). These silane coupling agents can improve the compatibility of graphene nanosheets and expanded graphite in polyurethane composite materials, and improve the chemical resistance and mechanical properties of polyurethane to a certain extent.

[0025] Furthermore, the toughening agent includes glass fiber, aramid fiber and polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber in a weight ratio of 1:1:1. By adding a toughening agent, the glass fiber, aramid fiber and polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber are compounded and reinforced, which can improve the toughness and low temperature resistance of the material. Among them, glass fiber can improve the thermal insulation and mechanical strength of the material. Aramid fiber has high strength and high modulus, high temperature resistance and inherent flame retardant properties, significantly improves the mechanical properties and impact resistance of the material, while maintaining good thermal insulation performance. Polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber is a bio-based toughening agent with good environmental performance.

[0026] Furthermore, the hard filler is aluminum hydroxide. Aluminum hydroxide has good flame retardant and heat insulation properties. By adding an appropriate amount of aluminum hydroxide as a hard filler into the system, the thermal conductivity can be reduced and the heat insulation performance can be enhanced.

[0027] Further, the processing aid is selected from at least one of calcium stearate, talcum powder and calcium carbonate. By adding the processing aid, the material properties and the processing properties of the material can be improved, and the material cost can be reduced. Calcium stearate has good stability and lubricity, and can improve the material properties and processing properties. Talcum powder can improve the mechanical properties and processing properties of the material. Calcium carbonate can reduce the material cost and improve the processing properties.

[0028] Furthermore, the preparation method of the polyurethane composite material used for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1. Mix and stir the bio-based polyether polyol, graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel evenly, and heat to 60° C. to 80° C.;

[0030] S2, add toughening agent, hard filler, silane coupling agent and processing aid, and continue stirring for 30min to 40min;

[0031] S3, adding bio-based isocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 70°C to 80°C;

[0032] S4, add catalyst and foaming agent, stir evenly and pour into the mold;

[0033] S5. Curing at 80°C to 90°C for 2h to 4h.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] After testing, as shown in the data in Table 1, the present invention adopts bio-based polyether polyols and bio-based isocyanates to provide basic thermal insulation performance, and endows the material with good renewability and excellent physical and chemical stability. The addition of graphene nanosheets can significantly improve the thermal stability and mechanical properties. The addition of expanded graphite can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity and improve the thermal insulation performance. The low thermal conductivity of silica aerogel can further improve the thermal insulation performance and mechanical strength. The addition of toughening agents can improve the toughness and low temperature resistance of the material. The introduction and compounding of these materials can improve the cold-proof and heat-insulating performance and sustainability of polyurethane composite materials, while optimizing their application effect in door and window assemblies.

[0036] The polyurethane composite material provided by the present invention has good improvements in thermal insulation performance, mechanical properties and durability. By optimizing the formula and process parameters, the thermal conductivity of the material is significantly reduced, while maintaining good impact resistance and weather resistance. These characteristics make it particularly suitable for cold-proof and heat-insulating applications of door and window components, which can effectively reduce energy consumption and improve the comfort of buildings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In the embodiments and comparative examples, the experimental methods used are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the materials, reagents, etc. used are all commercially available products and can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] The present embodiment provides a polyurethane composite material for cold protection and heat insulation of door and window assemblies. The polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV by Haoyi New Materials), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of organic bismuth catalyst, 8 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 8 parts of graphene nanosheets, 8 parts of expanded graphite, 6 parts of silica aerogel, 1 part of aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 3 parts of calcium stearate.

[0041] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0043] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0044] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0045] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0046] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0047] Example 2

[0048] The present embodiment provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window assemblies. Compared with Example 1, the selection of catalyst, foaming agent, silane coupling agent and processing aid is changed. Specifically, according to weight parts, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (Obodi resin ALBODUR 941), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (Haoyi New Material FX-9001LV), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate, 8 parts of azodicarbonamide, 8 parts of graphene nanosheets, 8 parts of expanded graphite, 6 parts of silica aerogel, 1 part of mercaptosilane coupling agent, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 3 parts of talc.

[0049] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0051] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, mercaptosilane coupling agent and talcum powder, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0052] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0053] S4, add dibutyltin dilaurate and azodicarbonamide, stir evenly and pour into a mold;

[0054] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] This embodiment provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window assemblies. Compared with Example 1, the selection of catalyst, foaming agent, silane coupling agent and processing aid is changed. Specifically, according to weight parts, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (Obodi resin ALBODUR 941), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (Haoyi New Material FX-9001LV), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 1 part of stannous octoate, 8 parts of cyclopentane, 8 parts of graphene nanosheets, 8 parts of expanded graphite, 6 parts of silica aerogel, 1 part of KH560 silane coupling agent, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 3 parts of calcium carbonate.

[0057] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0058] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0059] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, KH560 silane coupling agent and calcium carbonate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0060] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0061] S4, add stannous octoate and cyclopentane, stir evenly and pour into a mold;

[0062] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] This embodiment provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window assemblies. Compared with Example 1, the dosage setting of each component is changed. Specifically, in parts by weight, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components: 18 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (Obodi resin ALBODUR 941), 36 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (Haoyi New Material FX-9001LV), 24 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 16 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 0.8 parts of organic bismuth catalyst, 6 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 6 parts of graphene nanosheets, 6 parts of expanded graphite, 4 parts of silica aerogel, 0.8 parts of aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 3 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 2 parts of glass fiber, 2 parts of aramid fiber, 2 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 2 parts of calcium stearate.

[0065] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0066] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0067] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0068] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0069] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0070] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] This embodiment provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window assemblies. Compared with Example 1, the dosage setting of each component is changed. Specifically, in parts by weight, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components: 23 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (Obodi resin ALBODUR 941), 46 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (Haoyi New Material FX-9001LV), 36 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 24 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1.2 parts of organic bismuth catalyst, 10 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 10 parts of graphene nanosheets, 10 parts of expanded graphite, 8 parts of silica aerogel, 1.2 parts of aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 6 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 5 parts of glass fiber, 5 parts of aramid fiber, 5 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 4 parts of calcium stearate.

[0073] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0074] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0075] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0076] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0077] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0078] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0079] Comparative Example 1

[0080] This comparative example provides a polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies, which does not contain graphene nanosheets compared with Example 1. Specifically, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV by Haoyi New Materials), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of organic bismuth catalyst, 8 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 8 parts of expanded graphite, 6 parts of silica aerogel, 1 part of aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 3 parts of calcium stearate.

[0081] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0082] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), expanded graphite and silica aerogel and stir evenly, and heat to 70°C;

[0083] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0084] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0085] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0086] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0087] Comparative Example 2

[0088] This comparative example provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window assemblies, which does not contain expanded graphite compared with Example 1. Specifically, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV of Haoyi New Materials), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of organic bismuth catalyst, 8 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 8 parts of graphene nanosheets, 6 parts of silica aerogel, 1 part of aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 3 parts of calcium stearate.

[0089] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0090] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0091] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0092] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0093] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0094] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0095] Comparative Example 3

[0096] This comparative example provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window assemblies, which does not contain silica aerogel compared with Example 1. Specifically, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV of Haoyi New Materials), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of organic bismuth catalyst, 8 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 8 parts of graphene nanosheets, 8 parts of expanded graphite, 1 part of aminopropyl triethoxysilane, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 3 parts of calcium stearate.

[0097] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0098] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets and expanded graphite, stir well, and heat to 70°C;

[0099] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0100] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0101] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0102] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0103] Comparative Example 4

[0104] This comparative example provides a polyurethane composite material for cold and heat insulation of door and window assemblies, which does not contain aluminum hydroxide as a hard filler compared to Example 1. Specifically, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941 resin from Oubaodi), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of an organic bismuth catalyst, 8 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 8 parts of graphene nanosheets, 8 parts of expanded graphite, 6 parts of silica aerogel, 1 part of aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, and 3 parts of calcium stearate.

[0105] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0106] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0107] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0108] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0109] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0110] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0111] Comparative Example 5

[0112] This comparative example provides a polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies, which does not contain a toughening agent compared with Example 1. Specifically, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV by Haoyi New Materials), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of organic bismuth catalyst, 8 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 8 parts of graphene nanosheets, 8 parts of expanded graphite, 6 parts of silica aerogel, 1 part of aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide and 3 parts of calcium stearate.

[0113] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0114] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941), cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel, stir well, and heat to 70°C.

[0115] S2, add aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyltriethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0116] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0117] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0118] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0119] Comparative Example 6

[0120] This comparative example provides a polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies, which does not contain graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel compared with Example 1. Specifically, the polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941 resin from Oubaodi), 40 parts of cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials), 30 parts of L-lysine diisocyanate, 20 parts of 1,5-pentanediisocyanate, 1 part of organic bismuth catalyst, 8 parts of N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, 1 part of aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 4 parts of aluminum hydroxide, 3 parts of glass fiber, 3 parts of aramid fiber, 3 parts of polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber and 3 parts of calcium stearate.

[0121] The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps:

[0122] S1. Mix castor oil-based polyether polyol (ALBODUR 941) and cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol (FX-9001LV from Haoyi New Materials) and stir evenly, and heat to 70°C;

[0123] S2, add glass fiber, aramid fiber, polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber, aluminum hydroxide, aminopropyl triethoxysilane and calcium stearate, and continue stirring for 30 minutes;

[0124] S3, adding L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 80°C;

[0125] S4, adding organic bismuth catalyst and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine, stirring evenly and pouring into a mold;

[0126] S5. Curing at 85°C for 3h.

[0127] Experimental testing

[0128] The polyurethane composite materials prepared in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were cut into polyurethane material specimens of equal size to obtain specimens 1 to 11. In addition, pine wood blocks of equal size to the polyurethane material specimens were prepared as control pieces and the following tests were carried out. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0129] Table 1 Test results of each test piece and control piece

[0130]

[0131] From the data in Table 1, it can be seen that compared with pine wood, the polyurethane composite material provided by the present invention has a lower linear thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity and dimensional change rate, and a higher dimensional stability, indicating that it can still maintain a relatively stable size when the extreme temperature changes, has good durability and mechanical properties, and has good cold resistance and heat insulation performance. It can be seen that the polyurethane composite material obtained by compounding graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite, silica aerogel, toughening agent, etc. with bio-based polyether polyols and bio-based isocyanates in the present invention can have good improvements in multiple aspects such as thermal insulation performance, durability, and mechanical properties, making it particularly suitable for cold and heat insulation applications of door and window assemblies.

[0132] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the concept and technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the technology may modify or change the above embodiments without violating the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by a person with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed by the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

[0133] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to implementation modes, not every implementation mode contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each implementation mode may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A polyurethane composite material used for cold and heat insulation of door and window components, characterized in that: The polyurethane composite material is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 50-70 parts of bio-based polyether polyol, 30-60 parts of bio-based isocyanate, 0.5-1.5 parts of catalyst, 5-10 parts of foaming agent, 6-10 parts of graphene nanosheets, 6-10 parts of expanded graphite, 4-8 parts of silica aerogel, 0.5-1.5 parts of silane coupling agent, 3-6 parts of hard filler, 5-15 parts of toughening agent and 2-4 parts of processing aid.

2. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-based polyether polyol is selected from at least one of castor oil-based polyether polyol, soybean oil-based polyether polyol, cashew nut shell oil-based polyether polyol, straw-based polyether polyol and polytrimethylene ether glycol.

3. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bio-based isocyanate includes L-lysine diisocyanate and 1,5-pentane diisocyanate in a weight ratio of 3:

2.

4. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst is selected from at least one of dibutyltin dilaurate, stannous octoate, triethylenediamine, an organic bismuth catalyst and sodium hydroxide.

5. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foaming agent is selected from at least one of cyclopentane, azodicarbonamide and N,N'-dinitrosopentamethylenetetramine.

6. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The silane coupling agent is selected from at least one of mercaptosilane coupling agent, aminopropyltriethoxysilane and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

7. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The toughening agent includes glass fiber, aramid fiber and polyhydroxyalkanoate fiber in a weight ratio of 1:1:

1.

8. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hard filler is aluminum hydroxide.

9. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing aid is selected from at least one of calcium stearate, talc and calcium carbonate.

10. The polyurethane composite material for cold-proof and heat-insulating door and window assemblies according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The preparation method of the polyurethane composite material comprises the following steps: S1. Mix and stir the bio-based polyether polyol, graphene nanosheets, expanded graphite and silica aerogel evenly, and heat to 60° C. to 80° C.; S2, add toughening agent, hard filler, silane coupling agent and processing aid, and continue stirring for 30min to 40min; S3, adding bio-based isocyanate under stirring, maintaining the temperature at 70°C to 80°C; S4, add catalyst and foaming agent, stir evenly and pour into the mold; S5. Curing at 80°C to 90°C for 2h to 4h.

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