Intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system with precise fracture forming function and implementation method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fracturing sliding sleeve systems, in particular to an intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system with a precise fracture forming function and an implementation method. Each stage of intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve capable of being opened and closed is opened for the first time, when the implementation mode of independently opening or closing any stage of intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve or when a multi-layer-section sliding sleeve needs to be opened or closed in the production process, different intelligent labels and matched tools are adopted, and unlimited-stage, more efficient and accurate fracturing fracture forming of an unconventional oil and gas well can be achieved; therefore, the exploitation effect of the oil-gas well is optimized. Meanwhile, water plugging-free operation of a production layer in the later period of production is achieved, and repeatable opening and closing control of the production layer is achieved under the conditions that the inner drift diameter of the well completion pipe string is not changed and production liquid is not produced for throttling through a switchable intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve preset in the well completion pipe string and a continuous oil pipe is used for carrying a switching tool; and the regulation and control flexibility of oil and gas storage from the initial development to the later oil stabilizing and water controlling stage is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fracturing sleeve systems, and more specifically to a precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sleeve system and an implementation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] According to geological conditions and reservoir characteristics, in order to further improve the development effect, on the one hand, it is necessary to achieve dense and uniform fracture fracturing in the horizontal section, maximize the single well production, and set the sandblasting holes in the most favorable geological layer. This method can effectively avoid the blindness and randomness that may occur in traditional perforating technology, ensure that the sandblasting holes and fractures are more accurately connected, thereby improving the fracturing effect.

[0003] The fracturing technology with directional setting of sandblasting holes will become an important means to increase production capacity in oil and gas production. This technology combines the directional setting of sandblasting holes with fracturing operations, and optimizes the production effect of oil and gas wells by accurately controlling the direction of sandblasting holes and the expansion direction of fracturing cracks. On the other hand, it is necessary to achieve repeatable switch control after water-producing layer plugging and production layer management in the later stage of development, so as to ensure the controllable transformation and development of oil and gas wells throughout their life cycle. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sleeve system and an implementation method, aiming to improve the precision of fracturing seam-making.

[0005] The above purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A smart tag includes a central body, a movable body and a shrinking and expanding structure are slidably connected to the central body, a tail is fixedly connected to the left part of the central body, a cavity is formed between the central body and the tail, and a driving mechanism is used to control the axial displacement of the movable body, the axial displacement of the movable body is used to push the shrinking and expanding structure to expand, the central body, the movable body and the tail are coaxially arranged, and the shrinking and expanding structure can protrude from the central body, the movable body and the tail after expansion.

[0007] The smart label is a smart label with a rubber plug, the central body is a guided central body, the right part of the guided central body is a column, the left part is a cone, and the diameter of the cone decreases from left to right, a shoulder is formed between the cone and the column, the movable body is an external movable body, the external movable body is slidably connected to the column, in the initial state, the left end of the external movable body abuts on the shoulder, the shrinkage structure is a sealing ring, the sealing ring is sleeved and fitted on the cone, the left end of the sealing ring is fixedly connected with an open ring fitted on the cone, the left end of the external movable body is fixedly connected to the right end of the sealing ring, the right end of the guided central body is fixedly connected to a limiting member, the left end of the limiting member abuts against the right end of the external movable body, thereby limiting the freedom of the external movable body to move rightward, the tail part includes a rear cover fixedly connected to the left end of the external movable body, and a rubber plug fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rear cover; a first execution unit and a first electronic control unit for controlling the first execution unit are fixedly connected in the guided central body;

[0008] The guiding central body, the external movable body, the rear cover and the limiting member are connected to form a central liquid passage.

[0009] The rubber plug protrudes from the expanded rear sealing ring and the open ring in the radial direction, and can shrink to not protrude from the guide center body, the external movable body and the rear cover when the rubber plug is squeezed by radial pressure.

[0010] A fracturing ball is arranged inside the rear cover. When the fracturing ball moves rightward inside the rear cover and abuts against the right end inside the rear cover, the central liquid passage can be blocked.

[0011] The inner diameter of the central liquid passage on the left part of the rear cover is smaller than the diameter of the fracturing ball.

[0012] Alternatively, the smart tag is an opening tool, the central body includes a universal central body, and a guide head threadedly connected to the right end of the universal central body, an inner movable body as a movable body is slidably connected in the guide head, a window is arranged on the radial wall surface of the guide head, the inner movable body forms a conical surface with a decreasing diameter from left to right, and a claw is slidably connected on the conical surface of the inner movable body;

[0013] The left end of the universal center body is fixedly connected with a rear cover as a tail, the universal center body is fixedly connected with a first electric control unit, the right end of the universal center body is fixedly connected with an electromagnet, the left end of the internal movable body is fixedly connected with a magnet, and the first electric control unit controls the start and stop of the electromagnet.

[0014] Axial relative movement is generated between the internal movable body and the clamping claw, so that the internal movable body is used to push the clamping claw to move radially in the window.

[0015] A switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve comprises a sleeve body, a first gland and a second gland are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sleeve body, a rotary sandblaster is rotatably connected to the second gland, a cement slow-release agent is arranged in the rotary sandblaster, an upper joint and a lower joint are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the sleeve body, a sleeve inner core is slidably connected in the sleeve body, a retainer is fixedly connected to the sleeve body, a retaining groove is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve inner core, the retainer is located in the retaining groove to retain the sleeve inner core, and the sleeve inner core can be against the lower joint after being released from retaining.

[0016] The rotary sandblaster includes an execution module and a rotary sandblasting body. The execution module includes a reduction gear. The reduction gear motor is fixed in the first pressure cover. The output shaft of the reduction gear motor is transmission-connected to the rotary sandblasting body. The rotary sandblasting body is coaxially arranged with the motor output shaft. The rotary sandblasting body is rotationally connected to the second pressure cover. Sandblasting holes are arranged on the wall of the rotary sandblasting body. The sandblasting holes are perpendicular to the axis of the rotary sandblasting body. When the inner core of the sliding sleeve is clamped by the clamp, the inner core of the sliding sleeve blocks the sandblasting holes. After the inner core of the sliding sleeve is released from the clamp of the clamp, the sandblasting holes connect the sliding sleeve body to the outside world.

[0017] A method for implementing a precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sleeve system. As the rotary sandblaster rotates continuously during the lowering of the intelligent fracturing sleeve into the well, a horizontal position detection device installed in the first pressure cap feeds back information to the second electronic control unit, so that the second execution unit drives the rotary sandblasting body to rotate, and adjusts the corresponding angle between the axis of the sandblasting hole on the rotating sandblasting body and the horizontal plane. When the intelligent fracturing sleeve is lowered to its designated position, the angle between the sandblasting hole and the horizontal plane is adjusted to the designated position required by the design.

[0018] Implementation method of precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve system:

[0019] Implementation method of first opening of switchable intelligent fracturing sleeves at all levels:

[0020] Each downhole tool is connected by casing and uses a smart tag with a rubber plug. When the sealing ring and the opening ring expand, they are locked and sealed inside the smart fracturing sleeve. With the pressurization of the pump truck, the first opening of the sleeve and the fracturing operation are completed.

[0021] When any level of intelligent fracturing sleeve is opened or closed separately:

[0022] The opening tool is carried by the coiled tubing and transported downhole through the casing. After receiving the signal, the first electronic control unit quickly changes the current direction of the electromagnet so that the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet is changed, so that the electromagnet and the magnet with the same poles repel each other, which is used to push the claw to move radially to complete the diameter change, so that it is stuck in the switchable intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve, and the switchable intelligent fracturing sliding sleeve is driven by dragging the coiled tubing to complete the opening action of the intelligent sliding sleeve;

[0023] When the intelligent fracturing sleeve needs to be opened and closed repeatedly during the production process, the opening tool carried by conventional tubing or continuous tubing can be used to open or close the intelligent fracturing sleeve of a single layer or multiple layers.

[0024] When sealing is required between the accessories, a sealing ring can be installed in the groove to achieve sealing between the two accessories. For example, a sealing ring is provided on the outer periphery of the rear cover and is close to the inner wall of the guided center body. The guided center body is provided with two sealing rings, one of which is sealed with the center hole of the rear cover, and the other is sealed with the inner wall of the gland. A sealing ring is provided on the inner wall of the gland and is close to the right end of the guided center body.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sleeve system and implementation method of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] The purpose is to achieve unlimited, more efficient and accurate fracturing and seam creation in unconventional oil and gas wells, thereby optimizing the production effect of oil and gas wells. At the same time, it has the flexibility of regulation without water plugging in the late production layer, through the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve preset in the completion string, and the use of continuous tubing to carry the switch tool without changing the diameter of the completion string and producing liquid water.

[0027] With the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve throttling preset on the casing completion string, repeatable switch control of the production layer is achieved, which greatly improves the oil and gas storage effect of stabilizing oil and controlling water from the initial development to the later stage.

[0028] The device is provided with an automatic adjustment device for the orientation of the rotating sandblasting body, so that the sandblasting hole is oriented and set in the most favorable geological layer direction.

[0029] During the fracturing process, smart tags with automatic positioning, identification and diameter-changing functions are used as unlimited-level intelligent fracturing sleeve opening tools pre-installed on the casing completion string. The opening and fracturing operations of all levels of fracturing sleeves in the well can be completed only by automatically dropping them through the wellhead and pumping them. While achieving full-diameter, efficient and intensive fracturing in the entire well section, it avoids the use of pyrotechnics, cables and other measures.

[0030] During the pumping process, the smart tag uses a ground high-frequency pressure sensor to monitor the pressure changes generated when the rubber plug passes through pipes of different diameters to determine whether the specific number of tags passing through the fracturing sleeve has reached the designated sleeve.

[0031] The smart label opening ring can increase the label's fixing force during the fracturing process to ensure that the label can be firmly fixed in the required position.

[0032] The intelligent label return channel ensures reliable blowdown and unblocking when sand blockage occurs during the fracturing construction. On the other hand, it can meet the requirements of rapid drainage by wear-free drilling after the fracturing construction is completed and the well is blocked.

[0033] In the later stage of reservoir development, there is no need for mechanical water-plugging tools, chemical water-plugging operations and other means. By using continuous oil tubing to carry electric-controlled switching tools, the intelligent fracturing sleeve corresponding to the production layer can be repeatedly closed or opened without changing the formation properties and the inner diameter of the casing. Combined with the profile adjustment process, flexible control of production layer water plugging can be achieved, greatly reducing the complexity and cost of the operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a smart label with a rubber plug is shown;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the rear cover is shown;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the expansion of the sealing ring is shown;

[0037] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the opening tool is shown;

[0038] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the claws extended;

[0039] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the guide head is shown;

[0040] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a split ring is shown;

[0041] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the poles of an electromagnet and a magnet;

[0042] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve is shown;

[0043] Fig.10 A schematic diagram showing the blast hole opening;

[0044] Fig.11 Shows Fig. 9 The enlarged schematic diagram at A in the middle;

[0045] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a rotating sandblasting body is shown;

[0046] Fig.13 A circuit diagram of a smart label with a rubber plug is shown;

[0047] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of the opening tool is shown;

[0048] Fig.15 The schematic diagram of the first opening of the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeves at various levels is shown;

[0049] Fig.16A schematic diagram of closing any one-stage intelligent fracturing sleeve individually is shown;

[0050] Fig.17 The schematic diagram of the one-time operation multi-stage intelligent fracturing sleeve switch control is shown;

[0051] Fig.18 and 19 A schematic diagram showing the addition of a sensing switch to the opening tool is shown.

[0052] In the figure: 1-1a, guided center body; 1-1b, universal center body; 1-1c, guide head; 1-1d, center tube; 1-2a, external movable body; 1-2b, internal movable body; 1-3, limiter; 1-4a, sealing ring; 1-4b, open ring; 1-4c, claw; 1-5a, first execution unit; 1-5b, electromagnet; 1-5c, magnet; 1-6, first electric control unit; 1-7, induction device; 1-8, back cover; 1-9, rubber plug; 1-10, fracturing ball; 1-11, induction switch; 2-1, sleeve body; 2-1a, guide groove; 2-2, first pressure cover; 2-2a, second execution unit; 2-2b, second electric control unit; 2-3, second pressure cover; 2-4 rotary sandblaster; 2-4a, rotary sandblasting body; 2-5, upper joint ; 2-6, lower joint; 2-7, inner core of the sliding sleeve; 2-7a, inner core protrusion; 2-7b, groove; 2-8, retainer; 2-9, induction ring installation sleeve; 2-10, induction ring; 3-1, serial communication circuit; 3-2, induction module; 3-3, first microcontroller; 3-4, first state display circuit; 3-5, power supply circuit; 3-6, first driver circuit; 3-7, first actuator; 5-1, industrial computer; 5-2, microcontroller; 5-3, carrier communication circuit; 5-4, carrier power supply circuit; 5-5, carrier communication cable; 6-1, carrier communication circuit; 6-2, induction unit; 6-3, second microcontroller; 6-4, second state display circuit; 6-5, carrier power supply circuit; 6-6, second driver circuit; 6-7, second actuator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Implementation of smart label 1: Smart label with rubber plug for the first opening of switchable smart fracturing sleeve, e.g. Figures 1 to 3, including a guide type central body 1-1a, the right part of the guide type central body 1-1a is a column, the left part is a cone, and the diameter of the cone decreases from left to right, and a shoulder is formed between the cone and the column. An external movable body 1-2a is slidably connected to the column of the guide type central body 1-1a, a sealing ring 1-4a is sleeved and attached to the cone of the guide type central body 1-1a, an open ring 1-4b attached to the cone is fixedly connected to the left end of the sealing ring 1-4a, the left end of the external movable body 1-2a is fixedly connected to the right end of the sealing ring 1-4a, or the left end of the external movable body 1-2a is fixedly contacted with the right end of the sealing ring 1-4a. The right end of the guide central body 1-1a is fixedly connected to a limiter 1-3, which can be a nut, threadedly connected to the right end of the column, and the left end of the limiter 1-3 abuts against the right end of the external movable body 1-2a, thereby limiting the freedom of the external movable body 1-2a to move rightward. An electric control cavity is formed between the guide central body 1-1a and the rear cover 1-8, and the first execution unit 1-5a located in the electric control cavity, the first electric control unit 1-6 for controlling the first execution unit 1-5a, and the induction device 1-7 are fixedly connected to the guide central body 1-1a. The first actuator 1-5a can be an electric cylinder or an electric hydraulic cylinder, the end of the piston rod is supported on the inner end face of the external movable body 1-2a, the piston rod of the first actuator 1-5a contracts according to the set stroke, and the external movable body 1-2a moves to the left under the pressure in the casing, when the first actuator 1-5a contracts and drives the external movable body 1-2a to move to the left, the external movable body 1-2a pushes the sealing ring 1-4a and the opening ring 1-4b to move to the left along the conical surface of the guide center body 1-1a, the sealing ring 1-4a and the opening ring 1-4b expand, and the left end of the external movable body 1-2a is threadedly connected to the rear cover 1-8, and the outer periphery of the rear cover 1-8 is threadedly connected with a rubber plug 1-9. In the radial direction, the sealing ring 1-4a and the opening ring 1-4b expand and protrude from the guide center body 1-1a, the external movable body 1-2a and the rear cover 1-8. In the radial direction, the rubber plug 1-9 protrudes from the expanded rear sealing ring 1-4a and the open ring 1-4b. When the rubber plug 1-9 is squeezed by radial pressure, it can shrink to not protrude from the guide center body 1-1a, the external movable body 1-2a and the rear cover 1-8. Among them, the guide center body 1-1a, the external movable body 1-2a, the rear cover 1-8 and the limiter 1-3 are connected to form a central liquid passage. A fracturing ball 1-10 is arranged inside the rear cover 1-8. When the fracturing ball 1-10 moves to the right inside the rear cover 1-8 and abuts against the right end inside the rear cover 1-8, the central liquid passage can be blocked. The inner diameter of the central liquid passage on the left side of the rear cover 1-8 is smaller than the diameter of the fracturing ball 1-10, so as to prevent the fracturing ball 1-10 from detaching from the rear cover 1-8. The back cover 1-8 may be composed of two parts, one on the left and one on the right, forming a spliced ​​structure. The two parts of the back cover 1-8 are threadedly connected so that the fracturing ball 1-10 can be loaded into the back cover 1-8.

[0054] Implementation of Smart Label II:

[0055] For example Figures 4 to 8 The opening tool for the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve includes a universal center body 1-1b, a guide head 1-1c is threadedly connected to the right end of the universal center body 1-1b, an internal movable body 1-2b is slidably connected inside the guide head 1-1c, the internal movable body 1-2b can only slide along the axis, a window is arranged on the radial wall surface of the guide head 1-1c, the window has the function of guiding the radial movement of the claw 1-4c, the internal movable body 1-2b forms a conical surface with a diameter decreasing from left to right, the claw 1-4c is slidably connected on the conical surface of the internal movable body 1-2b by means of a key and a groove, the inner diameter of the claw 1-4c increases from left to right, the claw 1-4c and the conical surface of the internal movable body 1-2b can be in surface contact to fit and slide, so that the internal movable body 1-2b and the claw 1-4c generate axial relative movement, thereby using the internal movable body 1-2b to push the claw 1-4c to move radially in the window.

[0056] The left end of the universal center body 1-1b is threadedly connected to the back cover 1-8, and an electric control cavity is formed between the universal center body 1-1b and the back cover 1-8. The first electric control unit 1-6 located in the electric control cavity and the induction device 1-7 are fixedly connected to the universal center body 1-1b. The first electric control unit 1-6 controls the start and stop of the electromagnet 1-5b. The electromagnet 1-5b is fixedly connected to the universal center body 1-1b by structural glue. The electromagnet 1-5b closes the right part of the electric control cavity. The universal center body 1-1b is connected to the back cover 1-8, and the left end of the internal movable body 1-2b is fixedly connected to the magnet 1-5c by glue.

[0057] In this embodiment, the function of the central hole on the rear cover 1-8 connected to the electric control chamber is: when closing the multi-layer switchable intelligent fracturing at the same time, a cable power supply is required, but the use of the cable requires the use of a continuous oil pipe, so the central hole is connected by the oil pipe to achieve sealing.

[0058] For example Figures 9 to 11The switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve includes a sleeve body 2-1, a first pressure cover 2-2 and a second pressure cover 2-3 are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sleeve body 2-1 by bolts, the first pressure cover 2-2 and the second pressure cover 2-3 are sealed and spliced, and a sealed cavity is formed between the first pressure cover 2-2 and the second pressure cover 2-3 and the sleeve body 2-1, a second execution unit 2-2a and a second electronic control unit 2-2b for controlling the second execution unit 2-2a are arranged in the sealed cavity, a rotary sandblaster 2-4 which is connected to the sleeve body 2-1 is arranged on the second pressure cover 2-3, a cement slow-release agent is arranged in the rotary sandblaster 2-4, an upper joint 2-5 and a lower joint 2-6 are respectively threadedly connected at the left and right ends of the sleeve body 2-1, a sleeve inner core 2-7 is slidably connected in the sleeve body 2-1, a retainer 2-8 is fixedly connected to the sleeve body 2-1, a retaining groove is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve inner core 2-7, and the retainer 2-8 is located in the retaining groove to retain the sleeve inner core 2-7. The retainer 2-8 can be a shear pin or an elastic retaining mechanism, which cooperates with the arc-surface retaining groove so that the retaining mechanism contacts the retaining groove surface. When the inner core 2-7 of the sliding sleeve is subjected to axial force, the elastic retaining mechanism is not enough to maintain the position of the inner core 2-7 of the sliding sleeve, so it shrinks, so that the inner core 2-7 of the sliding sleeve is out of engagement. An induction ring mounting sleeve 2-9 is arranged between the sliding sleeve body 2-1 and the upper joint 2-5. The induction ring mounting sleeve 2-9 is threadedly connected to the left end of the sliding sleeve body 2-1. An induction ring 2-10 is fixedly connected in the induction ring mounting sleeve 2-9. The induction ring 2-10 is located between the upper joint 2-5 and the induction ring mounting sleeve 2-9. The inner wall of the sleeve body 2-1 is provided with two guide grooves 2-1a, one on the left and the other on the right. The outer wall of the sleeve inner core 2-7 is fixedly connected with an inner core protrusion 2-7a. The initial position of the inner core protrusion 2-7a is located in the left guide groove 2-1a. At this time, the rotary sandblaster 2-4 is closed. A plurality of grooves 2-7b are evenly distributed on the circumference of the right end of the sleeve inner core 2-7. The inner core protrusion 2-7a is located at the groove 2-7b in the axial direction. When the sleeve inner core 2-7 moves to the right, the inner core protrusion 2-7a is located at the groove 2-7b. The diameter of the protrusion 2-7a decreases from left to right to form an inclined surface, and the inner core protrusion 2-7a is in surface contact with the radial wall surface of the inner core 2-7 of the sleeve, so the inner core protrusion 2-7a is subjected to a radial force when it is squeezed on the radial wall surface of the sleeve body 2-1 in the guide groove 2-1a, so the right part of the inner core 2-7 of the sleeve contracts radially, the slot 2-7b becomes smaller, and the inner core protrusion 2-7a can enter the guide groove 2-1a on the right from the left guide groove 2-1a. Preferably, when the inner core 2-7 of the sleeve is locked, its left end abuts against the shoulder of the inner wall of the sleeve body 2-1.

[0059] Specific, combined Fig.12The rotary sandblaster 2-4 includes an execution module and a rotary sandblasting body 2-4a. The execution module is used to drive the rotary sandblasting body 2-4a. The execution module can be a motor and a reducer. Preferably, a first convex key is formed on the outer wall of the motor. The first convex key of the motor cooperates with the first keyway on the first gland 2-2, and the two are fixed. The right end of the reducer is fixedly connected with a second convex key, and the left end of the rotary sandblasting body 2-4a is provided with a second keyway. The second convex key cooperates with the second keyway to realize transmission. The rotary sandblasting body 2-4a is coaxially arranged with the motor output shaft, so that the rotary sandblasting body 2-4a rotates around the output shaft of the motor. After the second electronic control unit 2-2b sends a signal, the motor drives the reducer to output a rotary motion, and drives the rotary sandblasting body 2-4a to rotate to a specified position through the convex key on the end face of the reducer. Among them, the axis of the rotary sandblasting body 2-4a is parallel to the axis of the sleeve body 2-1, so that the sandblasting holes on the wall of the rotary sandblasting body 2-4a are perpendicular to the axis of the rotary sandblasting body 2-4a. The sandblasting holes are opened and closed by the sliding sleeve inner core 2-7.

[0060] Implementation method of first opening of switchable intelligent fracturing sleeves at all levels:

[0061] The downhole tubing mainly includes the first to Nth level switchable intelligent fracturing sleeves. According to the reservoir fracturing position corresponding to the construction design, each tool is connected by a casing; when the sealing ring 1-4a and the opening ring 1-4b are expanded, they are locked and sealed inside the inner core 2-7 of the sleeve, and the first opening and fracturing operation of the sleeve is completed with the pressurization of the pump truck. The above operation is repeated, and each set of smart tags is put in to complete the opening and fracturing construction of the first level switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve, and fracturing is carried out step by step from the toe end to the heel end until the construction of the whole well is completed.

[0062] Preferably, the smart label with rubber plug used for the first opening of the switchable smart fracturing sleeve is made of a fully soluble material and automatically dissolves within a certain period of time after the fracturing construction is completed.

[0063] Further explanation of the working principle:

[0064] First, combination Fig.13 The circuit of the smart tag with rubber plug includes a serial communication circuit 3-1, a sensing module 3-2, a first microcontroller 3-3, a first state display circuit 3-4, a power supply circuit 3-5, a first driver circuit 3-6 and a first actuator 3-7. The arrows also indicate that there is an electrical connection between the features. The ground controller 1-1 and the smart tag communicate via the serial port 3-1 to query the tag status and set the target address information. The smart tag senses the magnetic signal of the induction ring 2-10 through the sensing module 3-2 to count, and drives the actuator 3-7 to act after reaching the target sliding sleeve. The actuator 3-7 is the first execution unit 1-5a.

[0065] Second, combination Fig.15When the target sliding sleeve for fracturing is the Nth-level sliding sleeve, the target address is set to "N" through the first electronic control unit 1-6, and the smart tag with a rubber plug is transported to the bottom of the well through the casing. When the sensing device 1-7 passes through the first smart fracturing sliding sleeve and detects the magnetic signal emitted by the sensing ring 2-10, the count is "one". When the smart tag with a rubber plug continues to pass through the magnetic signal emitted by the sensing ring 2-10 in the second-level sliding sleeve, the count is "two". When it passes through the Nth-level sliding sleeve in this way, the count is "N". At this time, after the first electronic control unit 1-6 receives the signal, the first execution unit 1-5a is executed, and the sealing ring 1-4a and the opening ring 1-4b move relative to the guide center body 1-1a inclined surface under the action of pressure. The diameters of the sealing ring 1-4a and the opening ring 1-4b are continuously expanded and fixed in the inner core 2-7 of the sleeve by the continuous increase of the outer diameter of the inclined surface. The ground is pressurized, and the pressure drives the inner core 2-7 of the sleeve to be subjected to force through the arc surface of the end of the shear pin, so that the shear pin is sheared. Then, the inner core protrusion 2-7a slides from the left guide groove 2-1a to the right guide groove 2-1a, and the inner core protrusion 2-7a changes from the state of blocking the rotating sandblasting body 2-4a to the rotating sandblasting body 2-4a being exposed, and the intelligent sleeve completes the opening action. Preferably, a center tube 1-1d and an inductive switch 1-11 can be added to the opening tool for the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve. The left and right ends of the center tube 1-1d can be fixedly connected to the universal center body 1-1b and the guide head 1-1c respectively. The inductive switch 1-11 is fixedly connected in the guide head 1-1c, so that the center tube 1-1d passes through the electromagnet 1-5b, the magnet 1-5c and the internal movable body 1-2b, so that the inductive switch 1-11 is electrically connected to the first electronic control unit 1-6. When the protrusion of the sleeve inner core 2-7 slides out of the guide groove 2-1a on the left, the right end of the sleeve inner core 2-7 will shrink in diameter. At this time, the induction switch 1-11 fixed inside the guide head 1-1c will detect the shrinkage of the sleeve inner core 2-7. When the continuous oil pipe continues to be dragged, the protrusion of the sleeve inner core 2-7 will enter the guide groove 2-1a on the right. At the same time, the inner diameter of the right end of the sleeve inner core 2-7 returns to its initial size, and the induction switch 1-11 returns to its initial state. After receiving the signal, the electronic control unit 1-6 changes the current direction of the electromagnet 1-5b and thus changes the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet 1-5b, so that the electromagnet 1-5b and the magnet 1-5c are attracted to each other with opposite poles, and the claw 1-4c is contracted to an unexpanded state, completing the above-mentioned opening action of the intelligent sleeve, and dragging the continuous oil pipe to remove the tool from the well.

[0066] In the later stage of production, the implementation method of closing any level of intelligent fracturing sleeve separately is as follows:

[0067] For example, a switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve is carried by a continuous tubing and transported downhole through the casing, and an opening tool is used in combination with Figure 4 , 5and 16, when the target sleeve to be opened or closed is the second switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve, the target address is set to "two" through the first electronic control unit 1-6 of the opening tool, and the sensing device 1-7 passes through the first intelligent fracturing sleeve, reaches the second intelligent fracturing sleeve and detects the magnetic signal emitted by the induction ring 2-10 in the second intelligent fracturing sleeve, then the count is "two". At this time, after receiving the signal, the first electronic control unit 1-6 quickly changes the current direction of the electromagnet 1-5b so that the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet 1-5b is changed, so that the electromagnet 1-5b and the magnet 1-5c repel each other with the same poles, so as to push the claw 1-4c to move radially to complete the diameter change, thereby being stuck in the sleeve inner core 2-7, and the sleeve inner core 2-7 is driven by dragging the continuous oil pipe to complete the opening or closing action of the above-mentioned intelligent sleeve.

[0068] In the repeated opening and closing operation of the intelligent fracturing sleeve in the later stage of production, conventional tubing or coiled tubing can be used regardless of single-layer or multi-layer sections, instead of following the conventional single-layer section opening and closing intelligent fracturing sleeve only with conventional tubing and multi-layer section opening and closing intelligent fracturing sleeve only with coiled tubing:

[0069] For example, the implementation method of one-time operation multi-stage intelligent fracturing sleeve switch control is as follows:

[0070] For example Fig.17 When the multi-layer sliding sleeve needs to be opened or closed during the production process, the opening or closing work is performed through an opening tool connected to a cable carried by a conventional oil pipe or a continuous oil pipe.

[0071] First, combination Fig.14 , the circuit of the opening tool includes a carrier communication circuit 6-1, a sensing unit 6-2, a second microcontroller 6-3, a second state display circuit 6-4, a carrier power supply circuit 6-5, a second driver circuit 6-6 and a second actuator 6-7, and the arrows also indicate that there is an electrical connection between the features. The carrier ground controller includes an industrial computer 5-1, a microcontroller 5-2, a carrier communication circuit 5-3, a carrier power supply circuit 5-4 and a carrier communication cable 5-5. The industrial computer 5-1 queries the opening tool status and sets the target address information through the carrier communication circuit 6-1 through the microcontroller 5-2, 5-3 carrier communication circuit, and 5-5 carrier communication cable. The opening tool senses the magnetic signal of the induction ring 2-10 through the induction module 3-2. If there is a magnetic signal, the information is transmitted to the industrial computer 5-1. After reaching the target intelligent fracturing sleeve, the industrial computer 5-1 issues a command tag to drive the first driver circuit 3-6 to drive the first actuator 3-7 to act.

[0072] Before the fracturing process, according to the different geological characteristics and engineering designs of different well locations, the flow holes of the intelligent fracturing sleeve, that is, the sandblasting holes on the rotating sandblasting body 2-4a, can be designed with different phases, different numbers and different sandblasting hole diameters. The corresponding phases of different sandblasting holes are designed, and the corresponding angles between the sandblasting holes and the horizontal plane are set before going down the well. As the intelligent fracturing sleeve continues to rotate during the process of going down the well, the horizontal position detection device installed in the first pressure cover 2-2 feeds back information to the second electronic control unit 2-2b, so that the second execution unit 2-2a of the basin drives the rotating sandblasting body 2-4a to rotate, and timely adjusts the corresponding angle set with the horizontal plane. When the intelligent fracturing sleeve is lowered to its designated position, the angle between the sandblasting holes and the horizontal plane is just adjusted to the designated position required by the design, thereby achieving the purpose of precise seam creation during fracturing.

Claims

1. A smart tag comprises a central body, a movable body and a shrinking and expanding structure are slidably connected to the central body, a tail is fixedly connected to the left part of the central body, a cavity is formed between the central body and the tail, and a driving mechanism is used to control the axial displacement of the movable body, the axial displacement of the movable body is used to push the shrinking and expanding structure to expand, the central body, the movable body and the tail are coaxially arranged, and the shrinking and expanding structure can protrude from the central body, the movable body and the tail after expansion.

2. The smart label according to claim 1 is a smart label with a rubber plug, wherein the central body is a guided central body (1-1a), the right part of the guided central body (1-1a) is a column, the left part is a cone, and the diameter of the cone decreases from left to right, and a shoulder is formed between the cone and the column, and the movable body is an external movable body (1-2a), and the external movable body (1-2a) is slidably connected to the column. In the initial state, the left end of the external movable body (1-2a) is against the shoulder, and the shrinkage structure is a sealing ring (1-4a), and the sealing ring (1-4a) is sleeved on the cone, and the left end of the sealing ring (1-4a) is fixedly connected to an open ring (1-4b) that fits on the cone, and the external movable body (1-2a) is slidably connected to the column. The left end of the external movable body (1-2a) is fixedly connected to the right end of the sealing ring (1-4a); the right end of the guiding central body (1-1a) is fixedly connected to the limiting member (1-3); the left end of the limiting member (1-3) abuts against the right end of the external movable body (1-2a), thereby limiting the freedom of the external movable body (1-2a) to move rightward; the tail portion includes a rear cover (1-8) fixedly connected to the left end of the external movable body (1-2a), and a rubber plug (1-9) fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rear cover (1-8); a first execution unit (1-5a) and a first electric control unit (1-6) for controlling the first execution unit (1-5a) are fixedly connected inside the guiding central body (1-1a); The guiding central body (1-1a), the external movable body (1-2a), the rear cover (1-8) and the limiting member (1-3) are connected to form a central liquid passage.

3. According to the smart label of claim 2, the rubber plug (1-9) protrudes from the expanded sealing ring (1-4a) and the opening ring (1-4b) in the radial direction, and the rubber plug (1-9) can shrink to no longer protrude from the guide central body (1-1a), the external movable body (1-2a) and the back cover (1-8) when subjected to radial pressure.

4. According to the smart label of claim 2, a fracturing ball (1-10) is arranged inside the back cover (1-8), and when the fracturing ball (1-10) moves to the right inside the back cover (1-8) and abuts against the right end inside the back cover (1-8), it can block the central liquid passage.

5. According to the smart label of claim 4, the inner diameter of the central liquid passage on the left part of the rear cover (1-8) is smaller than the diameter of the fracturing ball (1-10).

6. The smart label according to claim 2, or the smart label is an opening tool, the central body comprises a universal central body (1-1b), and a guide head (1-1c) threadedly connected to the right end of the universal central body (1-1b), an inner movable body (1-2b) as a movable body is slidably connected in the guide head (1-1c), a window is arranged on the radial wall surface of the guide head (1-1c), the inner movable body (1-2b) forms a conical surface with a diameter decreasing from left to right, and a claw (1-4c) is slidably connected on the conical surface of the inner movable body (1-2b); The left end of the universal central body (1-1b) is fixedly connected to a rear cover (1-8) serving as a tail, a first electric control unit (1-6) is fixedly connected inside the universal central body (1-1b), an electromagnet (1-5b) is fixedly connected to the right end of the universal central body (1-1b), a magnet (1-5c) is fixedly connected to the left end of the internal movable body (1-2b), and the first electric control unit (1-6) controls the electromagnet (1-5b) to start and stop.

7. According to the smart label of claim 6, an axial relative movement is generated between the internal movable body (1-2b) and the claw (1-4c), so that the internal movable body (1-2b) is used to push the claw (1-4c) to move radially in the window.

8. A switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve comprises a sleeve body (2-1), a first gland (2-2) and a second gland (2-3) are fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sleeve body (2-1), a rotary sandblaster (2-4) is rotatably connected to the second gland (2-3), a cement slow-release agent is arranged in the rotary sandblaster (2-4), an upper joint (2-5) and a lower joint (2-6) are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the sleeve body (2-1), a sleeve inner core (2-7) is slidably connected in the sleeve body (2-1), a retainer (2-8) is fixedly connected to the sleeve body (2-1), a retaining groove is arranged on the outer wall of the sleeve inner core (2-7), the retainer (2-8) is located in the retaining groove to retain the sleeve inner core (2-7), and the sleeve inner core (2-7) can be against the lower joint (2-6) after being released from the retaining.

9. According to the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve described in claim 8, the rotary sandblaster (2-4) includes an execution module and a rotary sandblasting body (2-4a), the execution module includes a reduction motor, the reduction motor is fixed in the first gland (2-2), the output shaft of the reduction motor is transmission-connected to the rotary sandblasting body (2-4a), the rotary sandblasting body (2-4a) is coaxially arranged with the motor output shaft, the rotary sandblasting body (2-4a) is rotationally connected to the second gland (2-3), and a sandblasting hole is arranged on the wall of the rotary sandblasting body (2-4a), the sandblasting hole is perpendicular to the axis of the rotary sandblasting body (2-4a), when the inner core (2-7) of the sleeve is clamped by the retainer (2-8), the inner core (2-7) of the sleeve blocks the sandblasting hole, and after the inner core (2-7) of the sleeve is released from the clamping of the retainer, the sandblasting hole connects the sleeve body (2-1) with the outside world.

10. A method for implementing a precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sleeve system, using the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve described in claim 9, as the rotary sandblaster (2-4) rotates continuously during the lowering of the intelligent fracturing sleeve, the horizontal position detection device installed in the first pressure cover (2-2) feeds back information to the second electronic control unit (2-2b), so that the second execution unit (2-2a) drives the rotating sandblasting body (2-4a) to rotate, adjusts the corresponding angle between the axis of the sandblasting hole on the rotating sandblasting body (2-4a) and the horizontal plane, and when the intelligent fracturing sleeve is lowered to its specified position, the angle between the sandblasting hole and the horizontal plane is just adjusted to the specified position required by the design.

11. Implementation method of the precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sleeve system according to claim 10: Implementation method of first opening of switchable intelligent fracturing sleeves at all levels: Each downhole tool is connected by a casing and uses a smart tag with a rubber plug. When the sealing ring (1-4a) and the opening ring (1-4b) expand, they are locked and sealed inside the smart fracturing sleeve. With the pressurization of the pump truck, the first opening of the sleeve and the fracturing operation are completed.

12. According to the implementation method of the precise seam-making intelligent fracturing sleeve system of claim 10, when any level of intelligent fracturing sleeve implementation is opened or closed separately, the smart label of claim 6 is used: The opening tool is carried by the continuous tubing and transported downhole through the casing. After receiving the signal, the first electric control unit (1-6) quickly changes the current direction of the electromagnet (1-5b) so that the magnetic pole direction of the electromagnet (1-5b) is changed, so that the electromagnet (1-5b) and the magnet (1-5c) repel each other with the same poles, so as to push the claw (1-4c) to move radially to complete the diameter change, thereby being locked in the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve, and the switchable intelligent fracturing sleeve is driven by dragging the continuous tubing to complete the opening or closing action of the intelligent sleeve; When the intelligent fracturing sleeve needs to be opened and closed repeatedly during the production process, the opening tool carried by conventional tubing or continuous tubing can be used to open or close the intelligent fracturing sleeve of a single layer or multiple layers.

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