Peak shaving system and method for coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal generator set

Abstract

A peak regulation system of a thermal generator set coupled with multiple energy sources and carbon capture comprises a power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources, a chemical adsorption carbon capture subsystem and an electrolyzed water subsystem, and the power generation subsystem generates power through coal, biomass and solid waste mixed incineration and wind and light renewable energy source cooperation; the carbon capture subsystem captures CO2 in incineration flue gas through a chemical adsorbent, and recovers waste heat through a multi-stage heat exchanger; the electrolyzed water subsystem is used for storing surplus electric power and converting the surplus electric power into H2 and O2 and preparing an active adsorbent when the electrical load is reduced, so as to cooperatively reduce the output of the unit; when the electrical load is increased, the stored electric power is transmitted to a power grid, the carbon capture process and waste heat recovery are enhanced by supplementing H2 and O2 and an active adsorbent, and the unit output is synergistically improved. The invention further provides a peak regulation method for coupling the multiple energy sources and the carbon capture thermal generator set. According to the method, the power grid peak regulation challenge caused by grid connection of fluctuating renewable energy sources such as high-proportion wind and light and user load fluctuation is effectively relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of peak load regulation of thermal power generation units, and in particular relates to a peak load regulation system and method for a thermal power generation unit coupled with multiple energy sources and carbon capture. Background Art

[0002] Wind and photovoltaic power generation are intermittent and volatile, and users' electricity demand varies greatly in different time periods, making it difficult for renewable energy power supply to change synchronously with the load of grid users, increasing the difficulty of peak load regulation of the power system. Therefore, thermal power units need a more flexible operation mode to adapt to the high proportion of renewable energy grid connection, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system.

[0003] The chemical adsorption method uses solid adsorbents to efficiently separate CO2 from the flue gas of thermal power generating units. It has the characteristics of low energy consumption cost, simple operation, and reusable adsorbents. It is an important technical means to reduce carbon emissions from thermal power units.

[0004] Some solid wastes have high calorific value and contain organic components, which have certain recycling value. Incinerating such organic solid wastes with coal provides an environmentally friendly and economical solution for their resource utilization, realizing the energy, volume reduction and harmless treatment of solid wastes.

[0005] In the future, thermal power units will not only need to be coupled with a variety of zero-carbon and low-carbon energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaics, biomass, and various types of organic solid waste, but also need to be coupled with advanced low-energy carbon capture systems. Under the premise of absorbing a high proportion of renewable energy such as wind and solar power, frequent changes in user-side electricity load, and the urgent need to reduce the energy consumption cost of carbon capture systems, building a peak-shaving system and method that adapts to future thermal power units will become an important challenge for the successful transformation of the energy system. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a peak-shaving system and method for coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal power generating units. The system and method are based on the mixed combustion of multiple carbon-containing fuels, combined with renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, and thermal power generating units with low-energy carbon capture technology. The system effectively solves the peak-shaving problem brought to future thermal power generating units by high proportions of random renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power and load fluctuations of power users. On the premise of realizing large-scale utilization of zero-carbon and low-carbon energy such as wind, solar power, biomass, and organic solid waste and reducing CO2 emissions, the system promotes efficient and stable operation of the power system.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is:

[0008] A peak-shaving system coupling multiple energy sources and a carbon capture thermal power generating unit comprises a power generation subsystem coupling multiple energy sources, a carbon capture subsystem and a water electrolysis subsystem.

[0009] The power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources includes a coal bunker, a biomass and organic solid waste bunker, an incineration boiler, a superheater, an economizer, an air preheater, a steam turbine, a condenser, a feed water pump, a generator, a booster station, an air mixer, a primary air fan and a secondary air fan; the coal bunker and the biomass and organic solid waste bunker outlets are connected to the inlet of the incineration boiler, the air mixer is connected to the inlet of the primary air fan and the secondary air fan, and the primary and secondary air fan outlets are connected to the primary and secondary air inlets of the incineration boiler; the incineration boiler is sequentially arranged with a superheater, an economizer and an air preheater; the superheater output pipeline is connected to the turbine inlet; the turbine output pipeline, the condenser and the feed water pump inlet are sequentially connected; the turbine outlet, the generator, the booster station and the power grid inlet are sequentially connected;

[0010] The carbon capture subsystem includes a CO2 adsorption reactor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a chimney, a CO2 desorption reactor, an active adsorbent storage tank, a deactivated adsorbent storage tank, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a condenser, a CO2 compressor and a CO2 storage tank; the CO2 adsorption reactor inlet is simultaneously connected to the CO2 desorption reactor solid outlet, the active adsorbent storage tank outlet and the flue of the power generation subsystem; the CO2 adsorption reactor gas outlet, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the chimney inlet are sequentially connected; the CO2 adsorption reactor solid outlet is simultaneously connected to the CO2 desorption reactor inlet and the deactivated adsorbent storage tank inlet; the CO2 desorption reactor inlet is also connected to the deactivated adsorbent storage tank outlet, the CO2 storage tank outlet and the water electrolysis subsystem; the CO2 desorption reactor gas outlet, the third heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger, the condenser, the CO2 compressor and the CO2 storage tank inlet are sequentially connected; the CO2 desorption reactor solid outlet is also connected to the active adsorbent storage tank inlet;

[0011] The water electrolysis subsystem includes a rectifier, an energy storage battery, an electrolytic cell, an H2 storage tank and an O2 storage tank. The rectifier is connected to the energy storage battery inlet and the wind-solar generator set at the same time, and the energy storage battery outlet is connected to the electrolytic cell inlet; the electrolytic cell outlet is connected to the H2 storage tank inlet, the O2 storage tank inlet and the carbon capture subsystem at the same time.

[0012] Furthermore, the power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources also includes thermal power generating sets and renewable energy generating sets such as wind power and photovoltaic power. The fuel of the thermal power generating sets is coal or biomass or organic solid waste such as waste plastic, waste cloth, sludge and a mixture of the above fuels.

[0013] Furthermore, the active absorbent is a metal oxide having CO2 capture function, including CaO, MgO, etc., and the deactivated absorbent is a carbonate corresponding to the metal oxide, including CaCO3, MgCO3, etc.

[0014] Furthermore, the turbine output pipeline is connected to the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger respectively through two branch pipelines, and the two branch pipelines are respectively provided with a third one-way control valve and a fourth one-way control valve for adjusting the feed water flow distribution; the superheater output pipeline receives the heat exchange steam from the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger through another two branch pipelines; the preheated air pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger respectively through two more branch pipelines, and the two more branch pipelines are respectively provided with a first one-way control valve and a second one-way control valve for adjusting the air flow distribution; the air mixer is connected to the preheated air pipeline and two more branch pipelines to realize preheated air mixing.

[0015] Preferably, the rectifier is connected to the generator, the wind-solar generator set, the energy storage battery and the booster station at the same time, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery and the wind-solar generator set is connected to the power grid through the rectifier; the electrolyzer is connected to the energy storage battery, and electrolyzes water to generate H2 and O2 which are stored in the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank; the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank are connected to the CO2 desorption reactor through a pipeline to provide oxygen-rich combustion conditions for the CO2 desorption reaction, and the CO2 desorption reactor is connected to the CO2 adsorption reactor, and the CO2 adsorption reactor is connected to the tail flue gas of the incineration boiler (3).

[0016] A peak-shaving method for coupling multiple energy sources and a carbon capture thermal power generating set, the method is implemented based on the peak-shaving system for coupling multiple energy sources and a carbon capture thermal power generating set, and the process of the method is as follows:

[0017] When the power load is stable, the incineration boiler maintains stable fuel delivery and air input, and the generated high-temperature steam drives the turbine to generate electricity. The tail flue gas enters the CO2 adsorption reactor to complete the carbonation adsorption reaction. The heat released by the CO2 adsorption reaction is preheated to the water and air respectively through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger with the flue gas after CO2 removal; the deactivated adsorbent of the CO2 adsorption reactor enters the CO2 desorption reactor for oxygen-enriched combustion with H2, O2, CO2 and supplementary fuel, decomposes carbonate and desorbs CO2, and the high-temperature CO2 is preheated to the water and air respectively through the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger to recover the waste heat. The cooled pure CO2 is compressed and stored, and the active adsorbent regenerated in the CO2 desorption reactor returns to the CO2 adsorption reactor. The power of the wind turbine and photovoltaic generator is sent to the power grid through the rectifier, and the excess wind and solar power is sent to the energy storage battery. The energy storage battery power drives the electrolyzer to produce H2 and O2 for the carbonate decomposition of the CO2 desorption reactor.

[0018] The method also includes the following process: when the electricity load decreases, the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler are reduced to maintain the boiler in a high-efficiency load range, and the excess wind and solar power or thermal power is stored in an energy storage battery through a rectifier or the excess power is further converted into H2, O2, and an active adsorbent. The fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler are reduced. The reduction of the flue gas flow of the incineration boiler leads to a decrease in the CO2 adsorption amount, and the heat released by the adsorption reaction is reduced. The opening of the third one-way control valve and the first one-way control valve is reduced simultaneously to reduce the steam output at the outlet of the CO2 adsorption reactor and the temperature of the waste heat air. When the energy storage battery stores electricity and reaches the rated capacity, the excess electricity drives the electrolyzer to produce excess H2 and O2 and stores them in the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank. When the gas stored in the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank reaches the rated capacity, the output of the deactivated adsorbent from the deactivated adsorbent storage tank to the CO2 desorption reactor is increased, and the output of H2 and O2 from the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank to the CO2 desorption reactor is increased, and the carbonate calcination amount is increased. The excess active adsorbent after calcination is stored in the active adsorbent storage tank, and energy storage peak regulation when the user load is reduced is realized in the form of electricity, H2, O2, and active adsorbent.

[0019] The method also includes the following processes: when the power load increases, the power of the wind and solar units is sent to the power grid first, and the power load of the boiler is increased by increasing the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler, while consuming the stored power, H2, O2, and active adsorbent, and controlling the energy storage battery to transmit the stored power to the power grid through the rectifier, thereby increasing the power sent by the system to the power grid and realizing energy release peak regulation when the user load increases; increasing the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler of the thermal power unit, increasing the flue gas flow of the incineration boiler, increasing the CO2 flow entering the CO2 adsorption reactor, and increasing the output of the active adsorbent from the active adsorbent storage tank to the CO2 adsorption reactor, ensuring The CO2 in the flue gas is fully adsorbed, and the heat released by the adsorption reaction increases, which correspondingly increases the opening of the third one-way control valve and the first one-way control valve, thereby increasing the steam production and the boiler air supply temperature; the output of the deactivated adsorbent output from the CO2 adsorption reactor to the CO2 desorption reactor increases, and the amount of H2 and O2 output from the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank to the CO2 desorption reactor is dynamically increased, thereby increasing the amount of carbonate calcination and the amount of desorbed CO2 in the CO2 desorption reactor, and simultaneously increasing the opening of the fourth one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve, thereby increasing the output of steam generated by the CO2 flue gas waste heat recovery at the outlet of the CO2 desorption reactor and the temperature of the high-temperature air, thereby synergistically enhancing the output of the thermal power unit.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are mainly manifested in:

[0021] (1) A composite peak-shaving system based on solid fuel, electricity, hydrogen and adsorbent was constructed. Through the flexible adjustment of the storage and consumption of solid fuel, electricity, hydrogen and adsorbent, the peak-shaving of the units was achieved in a coordinated manner, thereby improving the large-scale access capacity of renewable energy.

[0022] (2) The water electrolysis subsystem and the carbon capture subsystem are effectively connected. The hydrogen generated by the excess electricity through water electrolysis can provide energy for the calcination of the deactivated adsorbent in the carbon capture subsystem, thereby realizing the conversion and storage of electrical energy into chemical energy.

[0023] (3) The carbon capture subsystem and the power generation subsystem are effectively connected. The heat from the carbon capture cycle is used to generate steam and / or high-temperature air through heating, and is further used in thermal power units, which is beneficial to improving the overall thermal efficiency of future power plants and assisting in achieving rapid peak regulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a peak-shaving system coupling multiple energy sources and high-temperature carbon capture thermal power generating units, including: 1. coal bunker; 2. biomass and organic solid waste bunker; 3. incineration boiler; 4. superheater; 5. economizer; 6. air preheater; 7. first one-way control valve; 8. second one-way control valve; 9. steam turbine; 10. condenser; 11. feed water pump; 12. third one-way control valve; 13. fourth one-way control valve; 14. generator; 15. booster station; 16. rectifier; 17. CO 2 adsorption reactor; 18. first heat exchanger; 19. second heat exchanger; 20. chimney; 21. CO2 desorption reactor; 22. active adsorbent storage tank; 23. deactivated adsorbent storage tank; 24. third heat exchanger; 25. fourth heat exchanger; 26. condenser; 27. CO2 compressor; 28. CO2 storage tank; 29. ​​energy storage battery; 30. electrolyzer; 31. H2 storage tank; 32. O2 storage tank; 33. air mixer; 34. primary air fan; 35. secondary air fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Reference Figure 1 , a peak-shaving system coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal power generating units, including a power generation subsystem coupling multiple energy sources, a carbon capture subsystem and a water electrolysis subsystem.

[0027] The power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources includes a coal bunker 1, a biomass and organic solid waste bunker 2, an incineration boiler 3, a superheater 4, an economizer 5, an air preheater 6, a steam turbine 9, a condenser 10, a feed water pump 11, a generator 14, a booster station 15, an air mixer 33, a primary air fan 34 and a secondary air fan 35; the outlets of the coal bunker 1 and the biomass and organic solid waste bunker 2 are connected to the feed inlet of the incineration boiler 3, the air mixer 33 is connected to the inlet of the primary air fan 34 and the secondary air fan 35, and the outlets of the primary and secondary air fans are connected to the primary and secondary air inlets of the incineration boiler 3; the incineration boiler 3 is sequentially arranged with a superheater 4, an economizer 5 and an air preheater 6; the output pipe s1 of the superheater 4 is connected to the inlet of the steam turbine 9; the output pipe s2 of the steam turbine 9, the condenser 13 and the inlet of the feed water pump 11 are sequentially connected; the outlet of the steam turbine 9, the generator 14, the booster station 15 and the power grid inlet are sequentially connected.

[0028] The carbon capture subsystem includes a CO2 adsorption reactor 17, a first heat exchanger 18, a second heat exchanger 19, a chimney 20, a CO2 desorption reactor 21, an active adsorbent storage tank 22, a deactivated adsorbent storage tank 23, a third heat exchanger 24, a fourth heat exchanger 25, a condenser 26, a CO2 compressor 27 and a CO2 storage tank 28; the inlet of the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 is connected to the solid outlet of the CO2 desorption reactor 21, the outlet of the active adsorbent storage tank 22, and the flue of the power generation subsystem; the gas outlet of the CO2 adsorption reactor 17, the first heat exchanger 18, the second heat exchanger 25, the condenser 26, the CO2 compressor 27 and the CO2 storage tank 28; 19 and the chimney 20 inlet are connected in sequence; the solid outlet of the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 is simultaneously connected to the CO2 desorption reactor 21 inlet and the deactivated adsorbent storage tank 23 inlet; the CO2 desorption reactor 21 inlet is also connected to the deactivated adsorbent storage tank 23 outlet, the CO2 storage tank 28 outlet, and the water electrolysis subsystem; the CO2 desorption reactor 21 gas outlet, the third heat exchanger 24, the fourth heat exchanger 25, the condenser 26, the CO2 compressor 27, and the CO2 storage tank 28 inlet are connected in sequence; the CO2 desorption reactor 21 solid outlet is also connected to the active adsorbent storage tank 22 inlet.

[0029] The water electrolysis subsystem includes a rectifier 16, an energy storage battery 29, an electrolytic cell 30, an H2 storage tank 31, and an O2 storage tank 32; the rectifier 16 is connected to the inlet of the energy storage battery 29 and the wind-solar generator set at the same time, and the outlet of the energy storage battery 29 is connected to the inlet of the electrolytic cell 30; the outlet of the electrolytic cell 30 is connected to the inlet of the H2 storage tank 32, the inlet of the O2 storage tank 33, and the carbon capture subsystem at the same time.

[0030] The power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources also includes thermal power generating sets and renewable energy generating sets such as wind power and photovoltaic power. The fuel of the thermal power generating sets is coal or biomass or organic solid waste such as waste plastic, waste cloth, sludge, and a mixture of the above fuels.

[0031] The active absorbent is a substance containing a metal oxide with CO2 capture function, and the metal oxide includes CaO, MgO, etc. The deactivated absorbent is a substance containing a carbonate corresponding to the metal oxide, and the carbonate includes CaCO3, MgCO3, etc.

[0032] The steam turbine output pipeline (s2) is connected to the first heat exchanger 18 and the third heat exchanger 24 respectively through two branch pipelines (h1, h2), and the two branch pipelines (h1, h2) are respectively provided with a third one-way control valve 12 and a fourth one-way control valve 13 for adjusting the feed water flow distribution; the superheater output pipeline (s1) receives the heat exchange steam from the first heat exchanger 18 and the third heat exchanger 24 through another two branch pipelines (h3, h4); the preheated air pipeline (k1) is connected to the second heat exchanger 19 and the fourth heat exchanger 25 respectively through another two branch pipelines (a1, a2), and the two branch pipelines (a1, a2) are respectively provided with a first one-way control valve 7 and a second one-way control valve 8 for adjusting the air flow distribution; the air mixer 33 is connected to the preheated air pipeline (k1) and another two branch pipelines (a3, a4) to achieve preheated air mixing.

[0033] The rectifier 16 is connected to the generator 14, the wind-solar generator set, the energy storage battery 29 and the booster station 15 at the same time. The electric energy of the energy storage battery 29 and the wind-solar generator set is connected to the power grid through the rectifier; the electrolyzer 30 is connected to the energy storage battery 29, and electrolyzes water to generate H2 and O2 which are stored in the H2 storage tank 31 and the O2 storage tank 32; the H2 storage tank 31 and the O2 storage tank 32 are connected to the CO2 desorption reactor 21 through a pipeline to provide oxygen-rich combustion conditions for the CO2 desorption reaction. The CO2 desorption reactor 21 is connected to the CO2 adsorption reactor 17, and the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 is connected to the tail flue gas of the incineration boiler 3.

[0034] A peak-shaving method for coupling multiple energy sources and a carbon capture thermal power generating set, the method is implemented based on the peak-shaving system for coupling multiple energy sources and a carbon capture thermal power generating set, and the process of the method is as follows:

[0035] When the power load is stable, the incineration boiler 3 maintains stable fuel delivery and air input, and the generated high-temperature steam drives the steam turbine 9 to generate electricity; the tail flue gas enters the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 to complete the carbonation adsorption reaction, and the heat released by the CO2 adsorption reaction is preheated by the first heat exchanger 18 and the second heat exchanger 19 with the flue gas after CO2 removal to preheat the feed water (h1) and air (a1) respectively; the deactivated adsorbent of the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 enters the CO2 desorption reactor 21 to carry out oxygen-enriched combustion with H2, O2, CO2 and supplementary fuel, and is divided into The carbonate is desorbed and CO2 is desorbed. The high-temperature CO2 is preheated to feed water (h2) and air (a2) through the third heat exchanger 24 and the fourth heat exchanger 25 respectively to recover the waste heat. The cooled pure CO2 is compressed and stored. The active adsorbent regenerated in the CO2 desorption reactor 21 returns to the CO2 adsorption reactor 17; the power of the wind turbine and the photovoltaic generator is sent to the power grid through the rectifier, and the excess wind and solar power is sent to the energy storage battery 29. The power of the energy storage battery drives the electrolyzer 30 to produce H2 and O2 for carbonate decomposition in the CO2 desorption reactor 21.

[0036] When the electricity load is reduced, the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler 3 are reduced to maintain the boiler in the high-efficiency load range, and the excess power of the wind and solar units or the thermal power units is stored in the energy storage battery 29 through the rectifier 16, or the excess power is further converted into H2, O2, and active adsorbent; the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler 3 are reduced, the flue gas flow of the incineration boiler 3 is reduced, resulting in a decrease in the CO2 adsorption amount, and the heat released by the adsorption reaction is reduced. The opening of the third one-way control valve 12 and the first one-way control valve 7 is simultaneously reduced, and the steam output at the outlet of the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 and the temperature of the waste heat air are reduced; when the energy storage battery 29 stores electricity and reaches the rated capacity, the excess electricity still drives the electrolyzer 30 to produce excess H2 and O2 and store them in the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank. When the gas stored in the H2 storage tank 31 and the O2 storage tank 32 reaches the rated capacity, the output of the deactivated adsorbent from the deactivated adsorbent storage tank 22 to the CO2 desorption reactor 21 is increased. At the same time, the output of H2 and O2 from the H2 storage tank 31 and the O2 storage tank 32 to the CO2 desorption reactor 21 is increased, the amount of carbonate calcination is increased, and the excess active adsorbent after calcination is stored in the active adsorbent storage tank 22, so as to realize energy storage peak regulation when the user load is reduced in the form of electricity, H2, O2 and active adsorbent.

[0037] In some cases, there are other embodiments. For example, when the power load is reduced to a small extent, the fuel input, air input and output of the thermal power unit are maintained unchanged, and the excess power is stored through the energy storage battery 29, or the stored excess power is decomposed into H2 and O2 through the electrolytic cell 30, or the power is used to prepare active adsorbents, and the obtained H2, O2 or active adsorbents are respectively stored in the H2 storage tank 31, the O2 storage tank 32, and the active adsorbent storage tank 22 to achieve energy storage peak regulation.

[0038] When the electricity load increases, the electricity from the wind and solar units is sent to the power grid first. By increasing the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler 3, the stored electricity, H2, O2, and active adsorbent are consumed at the same time, the boiler power load is increased, and the energy storage battery 29 is controlled to transmit stored electricity to the power grid through the rectifier 16, thereby increasing the power sent by the system to the power grid and realizing energy release and peak regulation when the user load increases. The fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler 3 of the thermal power unit are increased, the flue gas flow of the incineration boiler is increased, the CO2 flow entering the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 is increased, and the output of the active adsorbent from the active adsorbent storage tank 23 to the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 is increased to ensure that CO2 in the flue gas is fully adsorbed. The heat released by the adsorption reaction is increased, and the opening of the third one-way control valve 12 and the first one-way control valve 7 is correspondingly increased to increase the steam production and the boiler air supply temperature; the output of the deactivated adsorbent output from the CO2 adsorption reactor 17 to the CO2 desorption reactor 21 is increased, and the output of H2 and O2 from the H2 storage tank 31 and the O2 storage tank 32 to the CO2 desorption reactor 21 is dynamically increased, the carbonate calcination amount and the desorbed CO2 amount of the CO2 desorption reactor 21 are increased, and the opening of the fourth one-way control valve 13 and the second one-way control valve 8 are simultaneously increased to increase the steam production and the temperature of the high-temperature air generated by the CO2 flue gas waste heat recovery at the outlet of the CO2 desorption reactor 21, so as to synergistically enhance the output of the thermal power unit.

[0039] In some cases, there are other embodiments. For example, when the increase in power load is small, the fuel input, air input and output of the thermal power unit are maintained unchanged, and while the wind and solar power units are sent to the power grid, the energy storage battery 29 is used to reversely supply power to the power grid to increase the load, thereby increasing the power supply load.

[0040] The contents described in the embodiments of this specification are merely enumerations of implementation forms of the inventive concept and are for illustrative purposes only. The protection scope of the present invention should not be considered to be limited to the specific forms described in this embodiment, and the protection scope of the present invention also extends to equivalent technical means that can be thought of by ordinary technicians in this field based on the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A peak load regulation system coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal power generation units, characterized in that: The peak load regulation system includes a power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources, a carbon capture subsystem and a water electrolysis subsystem. The power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources includes a coal bunker, a biomass and organic solid waste bunker, an incineration boiler, a superheater, an economizer, an air preheater, a steam turbine, a condenser, a feed water pump, a generator, a booster station, an air mixer, a primary air fan and a secondary air fan; the coal bunker and the biomass and organic solid waste bunker outlets are connected to the inlet of the incineration boiler, the air mixer is connected to the inlet of the primary air fan and the secondary air fan, and the primary and secondary air fan outlets are connected to the primary and secondary air inlets of the incineration boiler; the incineration boiler is sequentially arranged with a superheater, an economizer and an air preheater; the superheater output pipeline is connected to the turbine inlet; the turbine output pipeline, the condenser and the feed water pump inlet are sequentially connected; the turbine outlet, the generator, the booster station and the power grid inlet are sequentially connected; The carbon capture subsystem includes a CO2 adsorption reactor, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a chimney, a CO2 desorption reactor, an active adsorbent storage tank, a deactivated adsorbent storage tank, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a condenser, a CO2 compressor and a CO2 storage tank; the CO2 adsorption reactor inlet is simultaneously connected to the CO2 desorption reactor solid outlet, the active adsorbent storage tank outlet and the flue of the power generation subsystem; the CO2 adsorption reactor gas outlet, the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger and the chimney inlet are sequentially connected; the CO2 adsorption reactor solid outlet is simultaneously connected to the CO2 desorption reactor inlet and the deactivated adsorbent storage tank inlet; the CO2 desorption reactor inlet is also connected to the deactivated adsorbent storage tank outlet, the CO2 storage tank outlet and the water electrolysis subsystem; the CO2 desorption reactor gas outlet, the third heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger, the condenser, the CO2 compressor and the CO2 storage tank inlet are sequentially connected; the CO2 desorption reactor solid outlet is also connected to the active adsorbent storage tank inlet; The water electrolysis subsystem includes a rectifier, an energy storage battery, an electrolytic cell, an H2 storage tank and an O2 storage tank. The rectifier is connected to the energy storage battery inlet and the wind-solar generator set at the same time, and the energy storage battery outlet is connected to the electrolytic cell inlet; the electrolytic cell outlet is connected to the H2 storage tank inlet, the O2 storage tank inlet and the carbon capture subsystem at the same time.

2. The peak load regulation system coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal power generation units as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The power generation subsystem coupled with multiple energy sources also includes a thermal power generation unit and a renewable energy unit. The fuel of the thermal power generation unit is one or a mixture of two or more of coal, biomass or organic solid waste.

3. The peak load regulation system coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal power generating units as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The active absorbent is a metal oxide having a CO2 capture function, and the deactivated absorbent is a carbonate corresponding to the metal oxide.

4. The peak load regulation system coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal power generating units as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The turbine output pipeline is connected to the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger respectively through two branch pipelines, and the two branch pipelines are respectively provided with a third one-way control valve and a fourth one-way control valve for adjusting the feed water flow distribution; the superheater output pipeline receives the heat exchange steam from the first heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger through another two branch pipelines; the preheated air pipeline is connected to the second heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger respectively through two more branch pipelines, and the two more branch pipelines are respectively provided with a first one-way control valve and a second one-way control valve for adjusting the air flow distribution; the air mixer is connected to the preheated air pipeline and two more branch pipelines to achieve preheated air mixing.

5. The peak load regulation system coupling multiple energy sources and carbon capture thermal power generation units as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rectifier is connected to the generator, the wind and solar power generating set, the energy storage battery and the booster station at the same time, and the electric energy of the energy storage battery and the wind and solar power generating set is connected to the power grid through the rectifier; the electrolyzer is connected to the energy storage battery, and electrolyzes water to generate H2 and O2 which are stored in the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank; the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank are connected to the CO2 desorption reactor through a pipeline to provide oxygen-rich combustion conditions for the CO2 desorption reaction, and the CO2 desorption reactor is connected to the CO2 adsorption reactor, and the CO2 adsorption reactor is connected to the tail flue gas of the incineration boiler (3).

6. A peak-shaving method implemented by a peak-shaving system coupling multiple energy sources and a carbon capture thermal power generating unit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The process of the method is as follows: When the power load is stable, the incineration boiler maintains stable fuel delivery and air input, and the generated high-temperature steam drives the steam turbine to generate electricity; the tail flue gas enters the CO2 adsorption reactor to complete the carbonation adsorption reaction, and the heat released by the CO2 adsorption reaction is preheated with the flue gas after CO2 removal through the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger respectively to preheat the feed water and air; the deactivated adsorbent of the CO2 adsorption reactor enters the CO2 desorption reactor to carry out oxygen-enriched combustion with H2, O2, CO2 and supplementary fuel to decompose carbonate and desorb CO2, and the high-temperature CO2 is preheated through the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger respectively to recover the waste heat, and the cooled pure CO2 is compressed and stored, and the active adsorbent regenerated in the CO2 desorption reactor returns to the CO2 adsorption reactor; The electricity from wind turbines and photovoltaic generators is sent to the grid through rectifiers, and the excess wind and solar power is sent to energy storage batteries. The energy storage battery power drives the electrolyzer to produce H2 and O2 for carbonate decomposition in the CO2 desorption reactor.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The method also The process includes the following: when the electricity load is reduced, the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler are reduced to maintain the boiler in the high-efficiency load range, and the excess wind and solar power or thermal power is stored in the energy storage battery through the rectifier or the excess power is further converted into H2, O2, and active adsorbent; the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler are reduced, the flue gas flow of the incineration boiler is reduced, resulting in a decrease in the CO2 adsorption amount, and the heat released by the adsorption reaction is reduced. The opening of the third one-way control valve and the first one-way control valve is simultaneously reduced to reduce the steam output at the outlet of the CO2 adsorption reactor and the temperature of the waste heat air ; When the energy storage battery stores electricity and reaches the rated capacity, the excess electricity drives the electrolyzer to produce excess H2 and O2 and stores them in the H2 storage tank and O2 storage tank; when the gas stored in the H2 storage tank and O2 storage tank reaches the rated capacity, the output of the deactivated adsorbent from the deactivated adsorbent tank to the CO2 desorption reactor is increased, and the output of H2 and O2 from the H2 storage tank and O2 storage tank to the CO2 desorption reactor is increased, and the amount of carbonate calcination is increased. The excess active adsorbent after calcination is stored in the active adsorbent storage tank, and energy storage peak regulation is achieved in the form of electricity, H2, O2, and active adsorbent when the user load is reduced.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that The method also The process includes the following: when the power load increases, the power of wind and solar units is sent to the power grid first, and the power load of the boiler is increased by increasing the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler, consuming the stored electricity, H2, O2, and active adsorbent at the same time, and controlling the energy storage battery to transmit the stored electric energy to the power grid through the rectifier, thereby increasing the power sent to the power grid by the system and realizing energy release peak regulation when the user load increases; increasing the fuel input and air input of the incineration boiler of the thermal power unit, increasing the flue gas flow of the incineration boiler, increasing the CO2 flow entering the CO2 adsorption reactor, and increasing the output of the active adsorbent from the active adsorbent storage tank to the CO2 adsorption reactor to ensure sufficient absorption. The heat released by the adsorption reaction of CO2 in the attached flue gas increases, and the opening of the third one-way control valve and the first one-way control valve is correspondingly increased, thereby increasing the steam production and the boiler air supply temperature; the output of the deactivated adsorbent outputted from the CO2 adsorption reactor to the CO2 desorption reactor increases, and the output of H2 and O2 from the H2 storage tank and the O2 storage tank to the CO2 desorption reactor is dynamically increased, thereby increasing the amount of carbonate calcination and the amount of desorbed CO2 in the CO2 desorption reactor, and simultaneously increasing the opening of the fourth one-way control valve and the second one-way control valve, thereby increasing the output of steam generated by the waste heat recovery of CO2 flue gas at the outlet of the CO2 desorption reactor and the temperature of the high-temperature air, thereby synergistically enhancing the output of the thermal power unit.

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