High-precision guiding and retesting system and method for narrow originating underground long-distance linear tunnel pipe jacking construction

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-precision guiding and retesting system and method for narrow originating underground long-distance linear tunnel pipe jacking construction. The high-precision guiding and retesting system comprises a double-total-station guiding system, an elevation retesting system and an azimuth retesting system. The double-total-station guiding system comprises a laser target, an out-hole total station, an in-well single-face prism, an in-hole total station and a work control center. The elevation remeasurement system comprises an out-hole graduated scale, an in-hole graduated scale and a U-shaped pipe of which the two ends are fixedly connected with the out-hole graduated scale and the in-hole graduated scale respectively; the azimuth angle remeasurement system comprises two groups of plumb lines, an outside-well total station, an outside-well single-sided prism, a wellhead total station, a control point total station, an inside-well single-sided prism, an outside-well gyroscopic total station and an inside-well gyroscopic total station. The problems that the precision of a single total station guiding system is reduced during long-distance linear tunnel pipe jacking construction, and the measurement error is increased due to the fact that the rearview distance between a total station and a prism in a narrow starting well is limited are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel jacking and top shield engineering guidance measurement, and specifically relates to a high-precision guidance and re-measurement system and method for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well. Background Art

[0002] As my country's urban development becomes more and more saturated, the demand for underground space development continues to increase, and the use of pipe jacking for the construction of various water conservancy and power pipelines is becoming more and more common. During pipe jacking construction, the jacking device is located at the tunnel entrance. The jacking device needs to push the pipe section forward as a whole, which is different from the shield method. Therefore, the first pipe section located at the entrance during pipe jacking construction is not fixed. As the pipe section continues to push forward, the pipe section at the entrance is continuously sent into the tunnel. Under this working condition, the measurement control point cannot be directly arranged in the tunnel. The conventional single total station guidance system is to set up a total station base station and a rear-view prism at a known control point in the starting well. However, as the tunnel jacking distance increases, the signal between the total station and the laser target set on the pipe jacking machine weakens, and the guidance measurement accuracy will become lower and lower, which is prone to quality accidents. In addition, since the space in the starting well is usually small, the rear-view distance between the total station and the prism will also be limited, which further reduces the guidance measurement accuracy of the total station. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a high-precision guidance and re-measurement system and method for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting shaft, so as to solve the problem that the accuracy of the single total station guidance system is reduced during the long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction, and the rear-sight distance between the total station and the prism in the narrow starting shaft is limited, resulting in increased measurement errors.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0005] On the one hand, the present invention provides a high-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well, which is characterized by comprising: a dual total station guidance system, an elevation re-measurement system, and an azimuth re-measurement system; The dual total station guidance system includes a laser target arranged on the head of the pipe jacking machine, an out-of-tunnel total station and a single-sided prism in the well respectively arranged at known control points on both sides of the starting well, an in-tunnel total station arranged in the tunnel close to the laser target, a plurality of rear-view base stations arranged at different positions of the tunnel segments and located between the out-of-tunnel total station and the in-tunnel total station, and a working control center connected in communication with the laser target, the out-of-tunnel total station and the in-tunnel total station; The elevation re-measurement system comprises an outer-hole scale vertically arranged above the elevation reference point in the starting well, an inner-hole scale vertically arranged on the laser target, and a U-shaped tube with two ends fixedly connected to the outer-hole scale and the inner-hole scale respectively, wherein clean water is injected into the U-shaped tube, and the water level lines at both ends of the U-shaped tube are within the scale range of the outer-hole scale and the inner-hole scale; The azimuth re-measurement system includes two sets of plumb lines, the top of which is fixedly suspended above the starting well and the bottom of which is connected to a plumb line immersed in barreled oil, an outside-well total station arranged at a near-well control point, an outside-well single-sided prism arranged at a far-well control point or a near-well control point, a wellhead total station arranged near the wellhead position in the tunnel, a control point total station arranged at an in-tunnel measurement control point near a laser target, an in-tunnel single-sided prism arranged between the wellhead total station and the control point total station, an outside-well gyro total station arranged at a far-well control point, and an in-tunnel gyro total station arranged at an in-tunnel measurement control point.

[0006] Preferably, the rear-view base station is a double-sided or 360° prism.

[0007] Preferably, the number of the rear-view base stations is 2 to 4.

[0008] Preferably, the multi-total station guidance system also includes multiple shielding boxes, and the multiple rear-view base stations are installed in the multiple shielding boxes one by one. When the total station outside the cave or the total station inside the cave transmits a laser signal to one of the rear-view base stations, the corresponding shielding box opens, and the remaining shielding boxes are closed.

[0009] Preferably, the multi-total station guidance system also includes an automatic leveling device, the in-tunnel total station is installed on the automatic leveling device, and the automatic leveling device is used to adjust the in-tunnel total station to a horizontal state in real time during tunnel jacking construction.

[0010] Preferably, the elevation re-measurement system also includes a camera for observing the water level scale values ​​at both ends of the U-shaped tube in real time.

[0011] On the other hand, the present invention provides a high-precision guidance and re-measurement method for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. When the tunnel jacking length is close to the wellhead, a conventional single total station guidance system is used to guide the tunnel jacking construction; S2. As the tunnel jacking distance increases, when the guidance accuracy of the single total station guidance system decreases, a dual total station guidance system is used, that is, a single-sided prism in the well, a total station outside the tunnel, a total station inside the tunnel and multiple rear-view base stations are used to relay control points to measure the coordinates of the laser target, thereby guiding the tunnel jacking construction; S3. Elevation re-measurement: After the tunnel is advanced a certain distance by using the dual total station guidance system, the tunnel advancement construction is stopped, and multiple elevation reference points are measured and set outside the underground tunnel. A vertical scale outside the tunnel is set at any reference point, and an internal scale inside the tunnel is set at the laser target. A U-shaped tube is connected between the external scale and the internal scale, and clean water is injected into the U-shaped tube. The elevation inside the tunnel is measured by the height difference of the water level in the U-shaped tube on the external scale and the internal scale. S4, azimuth re-measurement: set up an outside total station and an outside single-sided prism at the near-well control point and the far-well control point that are known and verified, set up two sets of plumb lines in the starting well, use the wellhead total station at the wellhead position, the wellhead single-sided prism and the control point total station, and sequentially perform ground control point measurement, above-ground and underground connection measurement and in-hole connection measurement to the laser target, so as to measure the coordinates of the in-hole measurement control point and the azimuth of the laser target edge; set up an outside single-sided prism and an outside gyro total station at the near-well control point and the far-well control point that are known and verified, set up an in-hole gyro total station at the in-hole measurement control point, and measure the gyro azimuth of the laser target; S5, guidance correction: compare and analyze the in-tunnel elevation measured in step S3 with the design elevation, and compare and analyze the coordinates of the in-tunnel measurement control points measured in step S3, the laser target edge azimuth and the gyro azimuth of the laser target, so as to correct the current tunnel jacking guidance parameters, and then resume the tunnel jacking construction; S6. Repeat steps S2 to S5 to perform a cycle to carry out high-precision guidance and re-measurement correction of the tunnel jacking construction.

[0012] Preferably, the specific method of control point relay in step S2 is to first send a command through the working control center to control the single-sided prism in the rear-view well of the total station outside the cave to measure the coordinates of one of the rear-view base stations, and transmit the coordinate data to the working control center, and then the working control center sends a command to control the total station in the cave to reciprocate and measure the point, and measure the coordinates of the remaining rear-view base stations in turn according to the above method, and control the total station in the cave to reciprocate and measure to complete the reciprocation orientation operation of the total station in the cave, and then control the total station in the cave to measure the coordinates of the laser target.

[0013] Preferably, in step S4, the ground control point measurement is specifically to measure the angle and distance between the single-sided prism outside the well and the two sets of plumb lines by using the angle measurement method of the total station outside the well; the above-ground and underground connection measurement is specifically to measure the angle and distance between the single-sided prism inside the well and the two sets of plumb lines by using the angle measurement method of the wellhead total station; the connection measurement inside the cave to the laser target is specifically to measure the coordinates of the measurement control point inside the cave by using the control point total station to rear-view the single-sided prism inside the well, and use the full circle method to measure the azimuth of the laser target edge.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the method for determining the gyro azimuth of the laser target is specifically as follows: an off-hole single-sided prism and an off-hole gyro total station are respectively set up at the near-well control point and the far-well control point which are known and verified to be correct, so as to measure the due north angle of the control side; an in-hole gyro total station is set up at the measurement control point in the hole to measure the due north angle of the side of the laser target, and then a constant is calculated by the azimuth of the known point on the ground and the measured angle, and the meridian convergence angle is calculated by the local latitude, and finally the gyro azimuth is calculated.

[0015] 1) The present invention uses the single-sided prism in the well, the total station outside the tunnel, the total station in the tunnel and multiple rear-view base stations in the dual total station guidance system to relay control points, and can measure the coordinate information of the top shield machine at the laser target in real time to provide precision guidance for the long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction; at the same time, after the jacking construction for a certain distance, the present invention uses the elevation re-measurement system and the azimuth re-measurement system to re-measure and correct the elevation and azimuth in the jacking construction, which can solve the problem of increased measurement errors due to the limited rear-view distance between the total station and the prism in the narrow starting well, thereby realizing precise guidance for the long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction.

[0016] 2) The method of the present invention can not only measure the coordinates of the top shield machine at the laser target in real time through the dual total station guidance system, but also can use the elevation re-measurement system and the azimuth re-measurement system to quickly re-measure the elevation and azimuth data in the tunnel. It not only has high measurement efficiency and high measurement accuracy, but also can reduce the pressure of manual measurement. It has good promotion and application value in the field of tunnel jacking and top shield construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a single total station guidance system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a dual total station guidance system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the elevation re-measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of an azimuth re-measurement system in an embodiment of the present invention; The meanings of the symbols in the above figure are: 1- dual total station guidance system, 101- work control center, 102- laser target, 103- total station outside the cave, 104- single-sided prism inside the well, 105- total station inside the cave, 106- rear-view base station, 107- central control box, 108- signal receiver, 109- shielding box, 110- automatic leveling device; 2-elevation re-measurement system, 201-scale outside the cave, 202-scale inside the cave, 203-U-shaped tube, 204-elevation reference point; 3-azimuth re-measurement system, 301-plumb line, 302-outside well total station, 303-outside well single-sided prism, 304-wellhead total station, 305-inside well single-sided prism, 306-outside well gyro total station, 307-inside well gyro total station, 308-control point total station; 4-Measurement control points in the cave; 5-Starting well; 6- Pipe jacking machine; 7- Barrels of oil; 8-Near wellbore control point; 9- Far well control point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are given in the drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in the text. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the content disclosed in the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0020] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Example 1

[0021] A high-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well, which includes: a dual total station guidance system 1, an elevation re-measurement system 2, and an azimuth re-measurement system 3; See also Figure 2The dual total station guidance system 1 includes a laser target 102 arranged on the head of the pipe jacking machine, an out-of-tunnel total station 103 and an in-tunnel single-sided prism 104 respectively arranged at known control points on both sides of the starting well, an in-tunnel total station 105 arranged in the tunnel near the laser target 102, a plurality of rear-view base stations 106 arranged at different positions of the tunnel segment and located between the out-of-tunnel total station 103 and the in-tunnel total station 105, and a working control center 101 connected to the laser target 102, the out-of-tunnel total station 103 and the in-tunnel total station 105 in communication; specifically, the out-of-tunnel total station 103 and the laser target 102 are both connected to a central control box 107, and the central control box 107 is connected to the working control center 101 via a data line, and a signal receiver 108 is also installed on the in-tunnel total station 105 and the central control box 107 connected to the laser target 102, so as to realize the in-tunnel total station 1 05 and the data transmission between the laser target 102; when the dual total station guidance system 1 is working, the work control center 101 first issues a command to control the total station 103 outside the hole to automatically search and locate one of the rear-view base stations 106, and the single-sided prism 104 in the rear-view well measures the coordinates of the rear-view base station 106, and transmits the coordinate data to the work control center 101, and then the work control center 101 issues a command to control the total station 105 in the hole to reciprocate and measure the point, and measures the coordinates of the remaining rear-view base stations 106 in turn according to the above method, and controls the total station 105 in the hole to reciprocate and measure the corresponding rear-view base station 106, until the reciprocation orientation operation of the total station 105 in the hole is completed, and then controls the total station 105 in the hole to measure the coordinates of the laser target, thereby realizing the control point relay, and at the same time, the above-mentioned measured data can be fed back to the work control center 101 to guide the forward direction of the pipe jacking machine; See also Figure 3 The elevation re-measurement system 2 comprises an outer-hole scale 201 vertically arranged above the elevation reference point 4 in the starting well, an inner-hole scale 202 vertically arranged on the laser target 102, and a U-shaped tube 203 whose two ends are respectively fixedly connected to the outer-hole scale 201 and the inner-hole scale 202, wherein clean water is injected into the U-shaped tube 203, and the water level lines at both ends of the U-shaped tube 203 are both within the scale range of the outer-hole scale 201 and the inner-hole scale 202; after the pipe jacking construction has been completed for a certain distance, the pipe jacking construction is stopped, and the elevation re-measurement system can be used to measure the inner-hole elevation through the height difference of the water level in the U-shaped tube 203 on the outer-hole scale 201 and the inner-hole scale 202, so as to re-measure and correct the elevation after the pipe jacking construction is guided by the dual total station guidance system; See also Figure 4The azimuth re-measurement system 3 includes two sets of plumb lines 301 with the top of the plumb line fixedly suspended above the starting well and the bottom of the plumb line connected to the plumb line immersed in the barreled oil 7, an outside-well total station 302 set on the near-well control point 8, an outside-well single-sided prism 303 set on the far-well control point 9 or the near-well control point 8, a wellhead total station 304 set in the tunnel near the wellhead position, a control point total station 308 set on the in-hole measurement control point 4 in the tunnel near the laser target 102, an in-hole single-sided prism 305 set between the wellhead total station 304 and the control point total station 105, an outside-well gyro total station 306 set on the far-well control point and an in-hole gyro total station 307 set on the in-hole measurement control point 4; after the pipe jacking construction for a certain distance is stopped, the pipe jacking construction can be stopped by using the azimuth re-measurement system, and the near-well control point 9 handed over by the third-party measurement agency is known and verified to be correct. An outside total station 302 and an outside single-sided prism 303 are respectively set up on the near-well control point and the far-well control point, two sets of plumb lines 301 are set up in the starting well, and the wellhead total station 304 at the wellhead position, the wellhead single-sided prism 305 and the control point total station 308 are used to successively carry out ground control point measurement, above-ground and underground connection measurement and in-hole connection measurement to the laser target to measure the coordinates of the in-hole measurement control point 4 and the azimuth of the laser target edge; thereafter, an outside single-sided prism 303 and an outside gyro total station 306 are respectively set up on the near-well control point and the far-well control point that are known to be verified and correct, and an in-hole gyro total station 307 is set up on the in-hole measurement control point 4 to measure the gyro azimuth of the laser target, and the gyro azimuth is compared and analyzed with the measured coordinates of the in-hole measurement control point 4 and the laser target edge azimuth, so as to be used for re-measurement and correction of the azimuth after the dual total station guidance system guides the pipe jacking construction.

[0022] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the rear-view base station 106 is a double-sided or 360° prism.

[0023] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the U-shaped tube 203 is a transparent plastic hose.

[0024] When the tunnel diameter is large or the jacking length is long, the number of rear-view bases in the tunnel can be gradually increased according to actual conditions to improve the accuracy of rear intersection orientation. Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment, the number of rear-view base stations 106 is 2 to 4.

[0025] Further, in a preferred embodiment, see Figure 2The multi-total station guidance system 1 also includes a plurality of shielding boxes 109, and the plurality of rear-view base stations 106 are installed in the plurality of shielding boxes 109 one by one. When the total station 103 outside the cave or the total station 105 inside the cave transmits a laser signal to one of the rear-view base stations 106, the corresponding shielding box 109 is opened, while the remaining shielding boxes 109 are closed to prevent the remaining rear-view base stations 106 from interfering with the measurement and positioning of the total station 103 outside the cave or the total station 105 inside the cave.

[0026] Further, in a preferred embodiment, see Figure 2 The multi-total station guidance system 1 also includes an automatic leveling device 110, and the in-tunnel total station 105 is installed on the automatic leveling device 110. The automatic leveling device 110 is used to adjust the in-tunnel total station 105 to a horizontal state in real time during tunnel jacking construction.

[0027] Further, in a preferred embodiment, see Figure 3 The elevation re-measurement system 2 also includes a camera 205 for real-time observation of the water level scale values ​​at both ends of the U-tube 203, thereby achieving real-time observation of the elevation. Example 2

[0028] A high-precision guidance and re-measurement method for pipe jacking construction of a long-distance straight tunnel in a narrow starting well comprises the following steps: S1. When the tunnel jacking length is close to the wellhead, a conventional single total station guidance system is used to guide the tunnel jacking construction; Usually, if Figure 1 As shown, the single total station guidance system includes a laser target 102 arranged on the head of the pipe jacking machine, an out-of-hole total station 103 and a single-sided prism 104 in the well respectively arranged on known control points on both sides of the starting well, and a working control center 101 which is communicatively connected to the laser target 102 and the out-of-hole total station 103; at the same time, the laser target 102 is connected to a central control box 107, and the central control box 107 is connected to the working control center 101 through a data line, and a signal receiver 108 is also installed on the out-of-hole total station 103 and the central control box 107 connected to the laser target 102 to realize data transmission between the out-of-hole total station 103 and the laser target 102; however, as the tunnel jacking distance is extended, the distance between the out-of-hole total station 103 and the laser target 102 increases accordingly, resulting in a weakening of the receiving signal of the signal receiver 108 configured for both, and a decrease in the measurement accuracy, thereby requiring the use of the dual total station guidance system of the present invention; S2. As the tunnel jacking distance increases, when the guidance accuracy of the single total station guidance system decreases, a dual total station guidance system is used. Figure 2That is, the single-sided prism 104 in the well, the total station 103 outside the cave, the total station 105 in the cave and multiple rear-view base stations 106 are used to carry out control point relay to measure the coordinates of the laser target 102, so as to guide the tunnel jacking construction. The specific process is: first, the work control center 101 sends a command to control the total station 103 outside the cave to automatically search and locate one of the rear-view base stations 106, and the single-sided prism 104 in the rear-view well measures the coordinates of the rear-view base station 106, and transmits the coordinate data to the work control center 101 , then the work control center 101 issues a command to control the in-hole total station 105 to measure the point by rear intersection, and measures the coordinates of the remaining rear-view base stations 106 in turn according to the above method, and controls the in-hole total station 105 to measure the corresponding rear-view base stations 106 by rear intersection, until the rear intersection orientation operation of the in-hole total station 105 is completed, and then controls the in-hole total station 105 to measure the coordinates of the laser target, thereby realizing the control point relay, and at the same time, the above measured data can be fed back to the work control center 101 to guide the forward direction of the pipe jacking machine; Although the dual total station guidance system can improve the guidance accuracy compared with the single total station guidance system, the backsight distance between the total station 103 outside the tunnel and the single-sided prism 104 inside the well is limited in the narrow starting well, which still causes a large measurement error. Therefore, when the dual total station guidance system is used to guide the jacking for a certain distance, it is necessary to stop the machine to check and correct the elevation and azimuth to ensure the accuracy of the tunnel jacking. S3. Elevation re-measurement: When the dual total station guidance system is used to guide the tunnel to a certain distance, stop the tunnel jacking construction. Please refer to Figure 3 , multiple elevation reference points 204 are measured and set outside the underground hole, an outside hole scale 201 is vertically set at any reference point, an inside hole scale 202 is set at the laser target, a U-shaped tube 203 is pulled and connected between the outside hole scale 201 and the inside hole scale 202, and clean water is injected into the U-shaped tube 203, and the inside hole elevation is measured by the height difference of the water level in the U-shaped tube 203 on the outside hole scale 201 and the inside hole scale 202; S4, azimuth re-measurement: please refer to Figure 4, set up an out-of-hole total station 302 and an out-of-hole single-sided prism 303 at the near-well control point and the far-well control point that are known and verified to be correct, set up two sets of plumb lines 301 in the starting well, use the wellhead total station 304 at the wellhead position, the wellhead single-sided prism 305 and the control point total station 308 to sequentially perform ground control point measurement, ground-underground connection measurement and in-hole connection measurement to the laser target, so as to measure the coordinates of the in-hole measurement control point 4 and the azimuth of the laser target edge; among which, the ground control point measurement is specifically The method of measuring angles by using the total station 302 outside the well is to measure the angle and distance between the single-sided prism 303 outside the well and the two sets of plumb lines 301; the above-ground and underground connection measurement is specifically to use the wellhead total station 304 to measure the angle and distance between the single-sided prism 305 inside the well and the two sets of plumb lines 301; the connection measurement inside the cave to the laser target is specifically to measure the coordinates of the measurement control point 4 inside the cave by looking back at the single-sided prism 305 inside the well through the control point total station 308, and use the full circle method to measure the azimuth of the laser target edge; An out-of-hole single-sided prism 303 and an out-of-hole gyro total station 306 are respectively set up at the near-well control point and the far-well control point that are known and verified to be correct, so as to measure the due north angle of the control side; an in-hole gyro total station 307 is set up at the measurement control point 4 in the cave to measure the due north angle of the laser target 102 side, and then the constant is calculated by the azimuth of the known point on the ground and the measured angle, and the meridian convergence angle is calculated by the local latitude, and finally the gyro azimuth is calculated; S5, guidance correction: compare and analyze the in-tunnel elevation measured in step S3 with the design elevation, and compare and analyze the coordinates of the in-tunnel measurement control point 4 measured in step S3, the laser target edge azimuth and the gyro azimuth of the laser target, so as to correct the current tunnel jacking guidance parameters, and then resume the tunnel jacking construction; S6. Repeat steps S2 to S5 to perform a cycle to carry out high-precision guidance and re-measurement correction of the tunnel jacking construction.

Claims

1. High-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in narrow starting wells, characterized by include: Dual total station guidance system (1), elevation re-measurement system (2), azimuth re-measurement system (3); The dual total station guidance system (1) comprises a laser target (102) arranged on the head of the pipe jacking machine, an out-of-tunnel total station (103) and an in-tunnel single-sided prism (104) respectively arranged at known control points on both sides of the starting well, an in-tunnel total station (105) arranged in the tunnel near the laser target (102), a plurality of rear-view base stations (106) arranged at different positions of the tunnel segments and located between the out-of-tunnel total station (103) and the in-tunnel total station (105), and a working control center (101) communicatively connected to the laser target (102), the out-of-tunnel total station (103), and the in-tunnel total station (105); The elevation re-measurement system (2) comprises an outer-hole scale (201) vertically arranged above an elevation reference point (4) in the starting well, an inner-hole scale (202) vertically arranged on a laser target (102), and a U-shaped tube (203) with two ends respectively fixedly connected to the outer-hole scale (201) and the inner-hole scale (202), wherein clean water is injected into the U-shaped tube (203), and the water level lines at both ends of the U-shaped tube (203) are within the scale ranges of the outer-hole scale (201) and the inner-hole scale (202); The azimuth re-measurement system (3) comprises two sets of plumb lines (301) with the top of the plumb lines fixedly suspended above the originating well and the bottom of the plumb lines connected to the plumb lines immersed in the barreled oil, an out-of-well total station (302) arranged at a near-well control point (8), an out-of-well single-sided prism (303) arranged at a far-well control point (9) or at a near-well control point (8), a wellhead total station (304) arranged in the tunnel near the wellhead position, a control point total station (308) arranged at an in-tunnel measurement control point (4) in the tunnel near a laser target (102), an in-tunnel single-sided prism (305) arranged between the wellhead total station (304) and the control point total station (105), an out-of-well gyro total station (306) arranged at a far-well control point, and an in-tunnel gyro total station (307) arranged at an in-tunnel measurement control point (4).

2. The high-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The rear-view base station (106) is a double-sided or 360° prism.

3. The high-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The number of rear-view base stations (106) is 2 to 4.

4. The high-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-total station guidance system (1) further comprises a plurality of shielding boxes (109), wherein the plurality of rear-view base stations (106) are installed in the plurality of shielding boxes (109) in a one-to-one correspondence, and when the total station (103) outside the cave or the total station (105) inside the cave transmits a laser signal to one of the rear-view base stations (106), the corresponding shielding box (109) is opened, while the remaining shielding boxes (109) are closed.

5. The high-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-total station guidance system (1) further comprises an automatic leveling device (110), the in-tunnel total station (105) being mounted on the automatic leveling device (110), and the automatic leveling device (110) being used to adjust the in-tunnel total station (105) to a horizontal state in real time during tunnel jacking construction.

6. The high-precision guidance and re-measurement system for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The elevation re-measurement system (2) further comprises a camera (205) for observing the water level scale values ​​at both ends of the U-shaped tube (203) in real time.

7. A high-precision guidance and re-measurement method for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well, characterized by The steps include: S1. When the tunnel jacking length is close to the wellhead, a conventional single total station guidance system is used to guide the tunnel jacking construction; S2. As the tunnel jacking distance increases, when the guidance accuracy of the single total station guidance system decreases, a dual total station guidance system is used, that is, a single-sided prism (104) in the well, a total station (103) outside the tunnel, a total station (105) in the tunnel and multiple rear-view base stations (106) are used to perform control point relay to measure the coordinates of the laser target (102), thereby guiding the tunnel jacking construction; S3, elevation re-measurement: after the tunnel is advanced a certain distance by using the dual total station guidance system, the tunnel advancement construction is stopped, a plurality of elevation reference points are measured and set outside the underground tunnel, an outside tunnel scale (201) is vertically set at any reference point, an inside tunnel scale (202) is set at the laser target, a U-shaped tube (203) is connected between the outside tunnel scale (201) and the inside tunnel scale (202), and clean water is injected into the U-shaped tube (203), and the inside tunnel elevation is measured by the height difference of the water level in the U-shaped tube (203) on the outside tunnel scale (201) and the inside tunnel scale (202); S4, azimuth re-measurement: at the near-well control point and the far-well control point that are known and verified to be correct, an off-hole total station (302) and an off-hole single-sided prism (303) are respectively set up, two sets of plumb lines (301) are set up in the starting well, and the wellhead total station (304) at the wellhead position, the wellhead single-sided prism (305) and the control point total station (308) are used to sequentially perform ground control point measurement, ground-underground connection measurement and in-hole connection measurement to the laser target, so as to measure the coordinates of the in-hole measurement control point (4) and the azimuth of the laser target edge; at the near-well control point and the far-well control point that are known and verified to be correct, an off-hole single-sided prism (303) and an off-hole gyro total station (306) are respectively set up, and an in-hole gyro total station (307) is set up on the in-hole measurement control point (4) to measure the gyro azimuth of the laser target; S5, guidance correction: compare and analyze the tunnel elevation measured in step S3 with the design elevation, and compare and analyze the coordinates of the tunnel measurement control point (4) measured in step S3, the laser target edge azimuth and the gyro azimuth of the laser target, so as to correct the current tunnel jacking guidance parameters, and then resume the tunnel jacking construction; S6. Repeat steps S2 to S5 to perform a cycle to carry out high-precision guidance and re-measurement correction of the tunnel jacking construction.

8. The high-precision guidance and re-measurement method for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The specific method of the control point relay in step S2 is that the work control center (101) first issues a command to control the total station (103) outside the cave to measure the coordinates of one of the rear-view base stations (106) through the single-sided prism (104) in the rear-view well, and transmits the coordinate data to the work control center (101). Then, the work control center (101) issues a command to control the total station (105) inside the cave to perform rear intersection measurement of the point, and measures the coordinates of the remaining rear-view base stations (106) in turn according to the above method, and controls the total station (105) inside the cave to perform rear intersection measurement to complete the rear intersection orientation operation of the total station (105) inside the cave, and then controls the total station (105) inside the cave to measure the coordinates of the laser target.

9. The high-precision guiding and re-measurement method for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the ground control point measurement specifically includes measuring the angle and distance between the single-sided prism (303) outside the well and the two groups of plumb lines (301) by using the angle measurement method of the total station (302) outside the well; the above-ground and underground connection measurement specifically includes measuring the angle and distance between the single-sided prism (305) inside the well and the two groups of plumb lines (301) by using the angle measurement method of the wellhead total station (304); the connection measurement inside the cave to the laser target specifically includes measuring the coordinates of the measurement control point (4) inside the cave by looking back at the single-sided prism (305) inside the well through the control point total station (308), and measuring the azimuth of the laser target edge by using the full circle method.

10. The high-precision guidance and re-measurement method for long-distance straight tunnel jacking construction in a narrow starting well as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: In step S4, the method for determining the gyro azimuth of the laser target is specifically as follows: an off-hole single-sided prism (303) and an off-hole gyro total station (306) are respectively set up at a near-well control point and a far-well control point that are known and verified to be correct, so as to measure the due north angle of the control side; an in-hole gyro total station (307) is set up at the measurement control point (4) in the hole to measure the due north angle of the side of the laser target (102); then a constant is calculated by using the azimuth of a known point on the ground and the measured angle, and the meridian convergence angle is calculated by using the local latitude, and finally the gyro azimuth is calculated.

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