Loess tableland region vibroseis point location layout and driving route design method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vibroseis point location layout and driving route design method. The layout method comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a GIS geographic information database; (2) carrying out theoretical point location layout; (3) generating a buffer area; (4) removing hidden danger point locations; (5) creating line elements, and generating point elements along the line at equal intervals; (6) performing complementary design on the area meeting the vibroseis construction condition by adopting a mode of replacing a well shot with a vibroseis point location; (7) issuing the preset point location to a field site re-check point location team; (8) field team site rechecking and point position increasing and decreasing; and (9) carrying out measurement lofting on the re-checking point positions. The driving route design method comprises the following steps: (1) accurately partitioning according to daily collection task load; (2) grouping planning; and (3) planning a route and issuing the route to a field working group. According to the method, the repeated workload of field on-site rechecking can be effectively reduced, and the point position pre-design period is shortened; the exploration period is further shortened, and the exploration cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for efficiently and accurately designing controllable seismic source points and travel routes for seismic exploration on a complex surface with multiple obstacles on a loess plateau, and belongs to the technical field of geophysical exploration. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the in-depth development of oil and gas exploration and development in the complex loess mountain area in the southern part of the Ordos Basin, the efficient and high-precision layout of blast points in seismic exploration projects has become an important process in construction. Due to the complex surface conditions in the loess plateau area, the uniform layout of blast points is extremely unfavorable, resulting in insufficient actual coverage of some construction areas and data gaps, which cannot meet the construction design requirements. At present, the pre-design of seismic exploration projects is time-sensitive, labor-intensive, and requires high precision; how to quickly, effectively and reasonably arrange the excitation points has become an important factor affecting the construction progress. At the same time, due to the vibrator's vibrator's vibrator point layout and driving route planning in the loess plateau area in recent years, it has also become an important task in the pre-design of the point.

[0003] In 2022, Yan Guanyu et al. proposed a three-dimensional excitation point rapid layout technology suitable for the densely populated obstacle areas of the loess plateau. This technology improves the calculation efficiency of the buffer zone and the application of aerial survey images to improve the judgment of indoor point designers on the terrain of complex areas, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the efficiency of excitation point layout. In subsequent actual work area applications, the efficiency of field excitation point layout was improved, the work steps were simplified, and the workload was reduced.

[0004] In 2019, Bai Zhihong and others conducted relevant research on the construction of source trajectories for three-dimensional seismic acquisition in complex urban areas. By optimizing the layout of source points and construction paths, they improved the efficiency of controllable seismic source acquisition operations in urban areas and solved the problem of difficulties in controlled seismic source operations in complex urban areas.

[0005] Regarding the layout of seismic exploration points in complex loess mountain areas, although there have been similar studies, and there have been innovations in the automatic obstacle avoidance link of the excitation point layout, and the efficiency of the point layout based on the slope data of drone aerial satellite images has also been improved, there is no systematic process from the point layout process to the field production process, and the accuracy of the designed points after field investigation has not been explained, and the work steps of the point pre-design link are not detailed enough. In addition, this method mainly applies certain technologies in the layout of points using explosive sources (i.e. traditional wells and guns) as excitation points, while the selection of layout points for vibroseis as excitation points and wells and guns is different. Many locations that can be used for wells and guns as excitation points, such as ravines, river beaches, and half slopes, are not suitable as vibroseis excitation locations due to the limitations of the vibroseis itself and poor passability. At the same time, many locations that can be used for vibroseis as excitation points, such as urban main roads, densely built areas, highways, etc., are not suitable as wells and guns excitation points because the explosive sources are highly destructive and cause great damage to buildings such as houses. In addition, the planning of vibrator driving routes and grouping is mainly aimed at densely populated areas such as towns and flat terrain areas. The planning of vibrator driving routes in complex terrain areas is not perfect, and the production efficiency of vibrator acquisition in complex near-surface and obstacle areas of the loess plateau is low.

[0006] In summary, the existing technical solutions have the following main disadvantages in the deployment of vibroseis points in complex areas:

[0007] (1) The pre-design of vibrator points is not efficient enough, and the rate of missed points in field review is high, which increases the repetitive workload of reviewers;

[0008] (2) The system process for efficiently deploying vibrator points is not perfect, and the existing methods are cumbersome and not stable enough;

[0009] (3) There are not many studies on the layout of vibroseis points, but more research on the application of rapid layout technology for traditional well and gun excitation points;

[0010] (4) The planning scheme for the earthquake source route is not perfect.

[0011] Therefore, how to use indoor technical means to reduce the workload of field vibrator point site reviewers, how to efficiently and accurately lay out points while ensuring uniform coverage and filling in data gaps, and how to reasonably plan source grouping and driving routes during the production process to achieve efficient production have become the key issues of concern for most seismic exploration projects that carry out well-seismic joint construction in complex loess plateau areas. To this end, we designed a systematic layout process and grouping and driving route planning method for vibrator point sites in complex loess plateau areas. Summary of the invention

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently and accurately designing the location of vibrator points and travel routes for seismic exploration on complex surfaces with multiple obstacles on loess plateaus.

[0013] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0014] A method for arranging vibroseis points in a loess plateau region comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Load the drone aerial photos into the GIS software, and enter various geographic information according to the due diligence results to form a GIS geographic information database;

[0016] Step 2: Layout the theoretical points. Layout the observation system in Seisway and KLseis acquisition software for the proposed observation system, and then load the generated theoretical points into the GIS software.

[0017] Step 3: Vectorize various obstacles and generate buffer zones according to corresponding safety distances;

[0018] Step 4: Eliminate potential danger points based on the relative positions of the established buffer zone and theoretical points;

[0019] Step 5: Create line elements, and generate point elements at equal intervals along the newly created line elements. The generated point element layer is the pre-designed vibroseis point position;

[0020] Step 6: For areas that meet the construction conditions of vibroseis, complementary design is performed by using vibroseis points instead of wells and guns;

[0021] Step 7: Field point review personnel conduct on-site assessment of the feasibility of pre-designed points, mark points that cannot be implemented and points to be added on site, and provide feedback to indoor point design technicians;

[0022] Step 8: Conduct coverage times and data gap seismic attribute demonstration for the verified points, add more shot points to the areas that do not meet the coverage times requirements and data gap zones after demonstration, and reasonably reduce the excitation intensity according to the actual situation;

[0023] Step 9: When the verified points meet the requirements of coverage times and workload, submit the theoretical coordinate information of the points to the surveying team for surveying and layout.

[0024] Furthermore, in the step one, a 3D surface pre-design model is established based on a combination of drone aerial satellite images and due diligence; terrain slope and obstacle information are extracted based on DOM and DEM data bodies, and combined with the due diligence results, the safety range of various obstacles and the terrain slope range are delineated to provide a basis for the layout of controllable vibrator points.

[0025] Furthermore, in the step five, based on the drone aerial satellite images, ArcGIS Pro software is used to perform 2D+3D linkage design, and the terrain cliffs and steep slopes information is judged from multiple angles in the 3D mode. In the 2D mode, the excitation points are arranged and adjusted according to the obstacles and slope range, taking into account the rationality of the points arranged in the 3D mode and the efficiency of the points arranged in the 2D mode.

[0026] A method for designing a vibrator driving route in a loess plateau region comprises the following steps:

[0027] Step 1: Summarize the measured results of the verified feasible points mentioned above, and rationally divide the daily construction area according to the daily collection workload, terrain, and overall construction efficiency during the formal production collection period, and submit the divided tasks to the field production construction team to facilitate the construction team to understand the construction area;

[0028] Step 2: During the acquisition and production period, the vibrator points to be acquired the next day are grouped according to the distribution of the points to be acquired that day and the terrain, so as to avoid the same group working across ditches and rivers, and to shorten the acquisition time of the vibrator to the maximum extent. The grouping plan task book is submitted to the field production and construction team;

[0029] Step 3: According to the daily grouping plan and drone aerial satellite images, connect the points in the same group in Arcmap according to the shortest distance, design the shortest driving route for the day of vibroseis acquisition construction, convert it into kml / kmz file and submit it to the field production and construction team.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention has developed a method for arranging the points of controlled seismic sources with high efficiency and high precision based on drone aerial satellite images and GIS geographic information software, as well as a method for reasonably grouping the workload and planning the construction route according to various types of terrain. Through several key steps, the point design and construction route planning form a complete process, which effectively solves the point accuracy problem in the point pre-design link of the traditional loess plateau seismic exploration project, and the engineering quality problems such as reduced workload and delayed construction period due to the inability to implement the points during the construction process. The workload of the field team in the seismic exploration project is reduced, and at the same time, the cycle of the point pre-design link in the well-seismic joint construction project in complex surface areas is reduced. The present invention has ensured the efficient operation of such projects and has broad prospects in similar well-seismic joint seismic exploration projects in the loess plateau area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a flow chart for the efficient and high-precision layout of controllable vibrator points.

[0033] Figure 2 It is a flow chart for planning the route for efficient operation of controllable vibrator.

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of establishing a geographic information database.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a point verification map based on the GIS platform and drone aerial satellite images; (a) is the obstacle vectorization, and (b) is the formation of a buffer zone.

[0036] Figure 5 It is a map for eliminating potential danger points.

[0037] Figure 6 It is the generated map of the pre-designed points of the controllable seismic source; (a) is to create line elements for selecting the constructible area of ​​the controllable seismic source, and (b) is the 2D+3D linkage design.

[0038] Figure 7 It is a well-seismic joint complementary design; (a) is the deployment of controllable seismic source points in the flat river beach area, and (b) is to replace the river beach well gun to reduce the drilling cost;

[0039] Figure 8 It is a map of the number of times coverage is compensated by the point design of dynamic excitation factors in special areas.

[0040] Fig. 9 It is the demonstration of seismic attributes of the verification points; among them, (a) is the distribution map of shot points in the whole area of ​​the 2022 seismic exploration project, (b) is the demonstration of the number of coverage, (c) is the distribution map of shot points in the whole area of ​​the 2023 seismic exploration project, and (d) is the demonstration of the number of coverage.

[0041] Fig.10 This is a map of the daily construction area division, where (a) is the division of tasks based on the day's deadline for blasting, and (b) is a detailed division of tasks that takes into account the terrain and construction efficiency.

[0042] Fig.11 It is a grouping diagram for efficient construction of controllable seismic sources.

[0043] Fig.12 It is a route map for efficient construction of controllable seismic sources. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] To design the vibroseis point for seismic exploration projects, especially in areas with complex surface types and obstacles such as loess plateaus, GIS-related software (Arcgis Pro, Arcmap, etc.) can be used in combination with drone aerial satellite image data to edit, update, store and manage the basic geographic information collected during the due diligence period in the work area. Specifically, a method for setting the vibroseis point in the loess plateau area has the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Load drone aerial satellite images into GIS-related software, and enter various types of geographic information based on due diligence results to form a GIS geographic information database to facilitate subsequent point pre-design work.

[0048] A 3D surface pre-design model based on drone aerial satellite images and due diligence. The terrain slope, obstacles and other information are extracted based on the DOM and DEM data bodies. Combined with the due diligence results, the safety range of various obstacles and the terrain slope range are delineated to provide a basis for the layout of controllable vibrator points.

[0049] Step 2: Layout of theoretical points. Layout of the observation system in Seisway, KLseis and other acquisition software according to the proposed observation system of the project, and then load the generated theoretical points into the GIS software.

[0050] According to the observation system to be adopted in the work area, the theoretical point layout is carried out using seismic acquisition software such as Seisway and KLseis, and then the theoretical coordinates are added to the GIS software to define the coordinate system. After the definition, the position of each physical point can be displayed on the drone aerial satellite image. Then, the various geographic information databases that have been established are used for point pre-design work.

[0051] Step 3: Vectorize various obstacles (such as houses, pipelines, farms, factories, etc.) and generate buffer zones based on the corresponding safety distances.

[0052] Step 4: Eliminate potential danger points based on the relative position between the established buffer zone and the theoretical points.

[0053] In seismic exploration projects, the main work of point pre-design is to delete and offset points for various obstacles. There are many types and quantities of obstacles in a work area (such as cemeteries, houses, pipelines, railways, highways, farms, factories, etc.), and the construction safety distances are also different, so the offset of the points is also different. By classifying different obstacles, different buffers (i.e., safety distances) are established according to the different safety distances of various obstacles, and each buffer is merged, so that the areas where points cannot be deployed (i.e., forbidden areas) can be intuitively displayed on drone aerial satellite images. Arcmap software is used to intersect and invert the buffer layer (surface element shp) and the theoretical point (point element shp), and then the newly obtained point element layer is exported. The points in the new layer are all constructible points that meet the safety distance. At this time, the pre-designed points obtained are traditional well and gun excitation points.

[0054] Step 5: Based on the aerial satellite images taken by drones, ArcGIS Pro software is used for 2D+3D linkage design. In 3D mode, terrain cliffs, steep slopes and other information are judged from multiple angles. In 2D mode, the excitation points are arranged and adjusted according to obstacles and slope ranges, taking into account the rationality of the points arranged in 3D mode and the efficiency of the points arranged in 2D mode. Line elements are created in the software, and point elements are generated at equal intervals along the newly created line elements. The generated point element layer is the pre-designed controllable source point.

[0055] Since some well and blast points have been deleted due to various obstacles, there will definitely be a reduction in the planned workload and coverage times. The workload, coverage times and data gaps can be effectively compensated by deploying controllable vibrator points.

[0056] Normally, because vibroseis causes less damage to ground buildings and underground strata, the safety distance of obstacles when using vibroseis excitation is much smaller than that of well gun excitation. Therefore, based on the safety distance of various obstacles during vibroseis construction, a buffer zone for the safety distance of vibroseis construction can be established for the massive obstacle data, and the buffer zone can be merged. At this point, the area between the pre-designed point obtained in the second step and the new obstacle buffer zone can be used as the vibroseis point layout area.

[0057] In the layout of vibroseis points, due to the large tonnage of vibroseis vehicles, based on drone aerial satellite images in the deployment area, and loaded into Argis pro software, through 2D+3D linkage design, the slope, road width, terrain height difference, etc. can be intuitively judged. Line features are created in the software to select the area where vibroseis can be deployed. Generally, roads are preferred to facilitate the driving of vibroseis during the construction process. Secondly, open spaces and fields in or around villages are selected for deployment. At the same time, in order to reduce the drilling cost and safety factors of explosive transportation during well and blasting construction, vibroseis points can also be used to replace large-area well and blasting points that are relatively flat and can be reached by vibroseis vehicles (such as plateaus that can be reached by vibroseis vehicles, semi-slope areas with gentle slopes, and some river beaches). After the online elements are created, points are generated along the line at equal distances. The point feature layer generated at this time is used as the pre-designed points of the controllable source, which can be sent to the field site review personnel for on-site review. This method relies on drone aerial satellite images and GIS software. The pre-designed points have been greatly guaranteed in terms of point accuracy and feasibility, reducing the workload of field point review personnel. After the field survey review personnel determine the feasibility of the points in the field, they will make notes for individual points that cannot be implemented, mark them in the nearby constructible area, add points on site and feedback to the indoor pre-design personnel.

[0058] Step 6: Taking into account the drilling cost, safety of explosive storage and transportation, etc., for some areas (such as river beaches, plateaus, and relatively flat slopes that can be reached by controllable source vehicles), controllable source points are used instead of well guns for complementary design.

[0059] Step 7: The field point review personnel conduct an on-site assessment of the feasibility of the pre-designed points, mark the points that cannot be implemented and the points to be added on site, and provide feedback to the indoor point design technicians.

[0060] Step 8: Verify the seismic attributes such as the number of coverages and data gaps of the verified points. Add more shot points to the areas that do not meet the coverage requirements and data gaps after verification, and reasonably reduce the excitation intensity based on the actual situation.

[0061] Step 9: When the verified points meet the requirements of coverage times and workload, submit the theoretical coordinate information of the points to the surveying team for surveying and layout.

[0062] Due to the influence of obstacles, usually, the area that needs to add points is the area that does not meet the safety distance of obstacles (i.e., obstacle buffer zone). To set up points in this area, it is necessary to reduce the excitation intensity during the acquisition process, such as reducing the output, number of stations, scanning time, etc. of the vibrator acquisition, and mark these special points. When the formal construction is carried out, the task book is issued to mark the special excitation parameters. After the seismic attribute demonstration, the layout of the vibrator points has been completed, and the verified points can be directly submitted to the measurement team for measurement and layout. At the end of a complete pre-design process, more than 98% of the vibrator points can be determined. While reducing the well and gun points, the vibrator points are increased and determined on site, and the time of the point pre-design link is compressed to the maximum extent.

[0063] In summary, this embodiment formulates a complete plan for the layout of controllable vibrator points under complex surface conditions in the loess plateau area and an efficient and high-precision layout process, which effectively reduces the workload of repeated field review and shortens the point pre-design cycle.

[0064] Embodiment 2

[0065] This embodiment formulates an efficient construction planning method for the loess plateau area based on the source travel route and grouping during the formal production process, which further improves production efficiency, shortens the exploration cycle, and reduces exploration costs while meeting daily production plans.

[0066] During the formal data collection and construction period, due to the complex road conditions in the loess plateau area, the driving speed of the controllable source vehicle itself is not high (the maximum speed of the Nomad65 series controllable source vehicle is only 30km / h). Therefore, it is possible to arrange groups in areas with poor connectivity (such as both sides of rivers and both sides of ravines), and give the source construction team a simple and clear task book to improve production efficiency. The specific steps are as follows:

[0067] Step 1: Summarize the measured results of the verified implementable points in Example 1, and rationally divide the daily construction area according to the daily collection workload, terrain, and overall construction efficiency during the formal production collection period. Submit the divided tasks to the field production and construction team to facilitate the construction team to understand the construction area.

[0068] Step 2: During the data collection and production period, the vibrator points to be collected the next day are grouped according to the distribution of the points to be collected that day and the terrain, so as to avoid the same group working across ditches and rivers, minimize the vibrator collection time, and submit the grouping plan task book to the field production and construction team.

[0069] In the above, Arcmap software is used to accurately partition the daily acquisition task volume (cutoff shot row, cutoff beam line) to complete the planning of the day's task. According to the line number and point number coordinates corresponding to the daily cutoff beam line and the cutoff shot row, a line element is created in Arcmap software, and the corresponding line number and point number are connected to obtain the daily cutoff shot row line and beam line. Then, based on the distribution of this line element on the map, combined with the specific point distribution, the task volume is re-planned (the points that are easy to construct on the day are attributed to the daily workload, avoiding secondary construction, solving unnecessary conflicts between workers and farmers, etc.), re-creating line elements to subdivide the daily workload, and then converting the line elements into kml / kmz files and sending them to the field source construction team. It allows the field team to understand the next day's source workload.

[0070] Step 3: According to the daily grouping plan and drone aerial satellite images, connect the points in the same group in Arcmap according to the shortest distance, design the shortest driving route for the day of vibroseis acquisition construction, convert it into kml / kmz file and submit it to the field production and construction team. This work can make a comprehensive plan for vibroseis acquisition in advance indoors, reduce the workload of field team construction personnel, and achieve efficient production

[0071] In summary, this implementation formulates an efficient construction plan for the source travel routes and groupings during the formal production process, which further improves production efficiency, shortens the exploration cycle, and reduces exploration costs while meeting daily production plans.

[0072] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the protection scope of the present invention in any form, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent replacement and the like fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by the prior art.

Claims

1. A method for arranging vibroseis points in loess plateau areas, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: Load the drone aerial photos into the GIS software, and enter various geographic information according to the due diligence results to form a GIS geographic information database; Step 2: Layout the theoretical points. Layout the observation system in Seisway and KLseis acquisition software for the proposed observation system, and then load the generated theoretical points into the GIS software. Step 3: Vectorize various obstacles and generate buffer zones according to corresponding safety distances; Step 4: Eliminate potential danger points based on the relative positions of the established buffer zone and theoretical points; Step 5: Create line elements, and generate point elements at equal intervals along the newly created line elements. The generated point element layer is the pre-designed vibroseis point position; Step 6: For areas that meet the construction conditions of vibroseis, complementary design is performed by using vibroseis points instead of wells and guns; Step 7: Field point review personnel conduct on-site assessment of the feasibility of pre-designed points, mark points that cannot be implemented and points to be added on site, and provide feedback to indoor point design technicians; Step 8: Conduct coverage times and data gap seismic attribute demonstration for the verified points, add more shot points to the areas that do not meet the coverage times requirements and data gap zones after demonstration, and reasonably reduce the excitation intensity according to the actual situation; Step 9: When the verified points meet the requirements of coverage times and workload, submit the theoretical coordinate information of the points to the surveying team for surveying and layout.

2. The method for arranging vibroseis points in loess plateau area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 1, a 3D surface pre-design model is established based on a combination of drone aerial satellite images and due diligence. The terrain slope and obstacle information are extracted based on the DOM and DEM data bodies. Combined with the due diligence results, the safety range of various obstacles and the terrain slope range are delineated to provide a basis for the layout of controllable vibrator points.

3. The method for arranging vibroseis points in loess plateau area according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step five, based on the drone aerial satellite images, ArcGIS Pro software is used to perform 2D+3D linkage design, and the terrain cliffs and steep slopes are judged from multiple angles in the 3D mode. In the 2D mode, the excitation points are arranged and adjusted according to the obstacles and slope range, taking into account the rationality of the points arranged in the 3D mode and the efficiency of the points arranged in the 2D mode.

4. A method for designing a vibrator driving route in a loess plateau region, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1: Summarize the measured results of the verified implementable points in any one of claims 1 to 3, and rationally divide the daily construction area according to the daily collection workload, terrain, and overall construction efficiency during the formal production collection period, and submit the divided tasks to the field production construction team to facilitate the construction team to understand the construction area; Step 2: During the acquisition and production period, the vibrator points to be acquired the next day are grouped according to the distribution of the points to be acquired that day and the terrain, so as to avoid the same group working across ditches and rivers, and to shorten the acquisition time of the vibrator to the maximum extent. The grouping plan task book is submitted to the field production and construction team; Step 3: According to the daily grouping plan and drone aerial satellite images, connect the points in the same group in Arcmap according to the shortest distance, design the shortest driving route for the day of vibroseis acquisition construction, convert it into kml / kmz file and submit it to the field production and construction team.

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