Firecracker type controllable nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device and power generation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a firecracker type controllable nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device and a power generation method.The power generation device comprises a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system and other accessories, and the fission-fusion reaction system comprises a neutron gun, a fuel ball, a fuel ball storing and putting device and a vacuum reactor; the circulating cooling system comprises a circulating fan, a pressure stabilizer, a steam turbine, a steam generator, a conveying pipeline and a water pump, and the other accessories comprise an energy storage regulation and control system and a vacuum pump. A starting mechanism is creatively fused, a firecracker type multi-pile relay concept is used for reference, nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are fused, nuclear fusion is started by high temperature and high pressure generated by nuclear fission, and starting difficulty and cost are reduced; meanwhile, efficient energy conversion and utilization are achieved, helium is used for heat transfer, and the helium is high in heat conductivity, low in density, high in specific heat capacity and chemical inertness, so that heat stored in the phase change microspheres can be effectively brought out, nuclear reaction heat energy is collected and converted in an all-around mode, and the energy conversion efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of controlled nuclear fusion, and in particular to a firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device and a power generation method. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of the accelerated transformation of the global energy structure, traditional fossil energy reserves are limited and harmful to the environment, making it difficult to meet the needs of sustainable development. Therefore, the development of clean, efficient and sustainable new energy has become a top priority in the global energy field. Nuclear energy has attracted much attention due to its high energy density and low carbon emissions. Nuclear fusion energy has great potential in nuclear energy, and its fuel deuterium has almost unlimited reserves in seawater, which can provide security for global energy supply. Moreover, nuclear fusion energy has less radioactive waste than nuclear fission, and is more environmentally friendly and safer, so it has attracted much attention from the global scientific and industrial communities and has been studied in depth.

[0003] However, achieving controlled nuclear fusion and converting it into energy technology that can be used on a large scale for commercial applications still faces many complex and arduous technical challenges: 1. The reaction conditions are extreme, requiring extremely high temperatures and high pressures. Existing material technologies are difficult to maintain, and conventional materials are prone to failure. 2. Energy input and coupling are poor, startup energy consumption is high and efficiency is low, and the technology is complex and costly. 3. Plasma stability is difficult to control, and instability is prone to occur, leading to reaction interruptions, and control technology needs to be broken through. 4. The durability of materials is greatly tested. Strong radiation can cause internal structural damage and performance degradation in materials, while thermal stress can cause surface cracks, deformation and other damage to materials, posing great challenges to material performance and structural design. 5. The energy conversion efficiency is low, and there are multiple energy losses, which are far from the requirements of economic feasibility, and technology and systems need to be optimized.

[0004] As an advanced nuclear reactor technology, the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor uses helium as a coolant. Helium has the characteristics of chemical inertness, good high-temperature stability, and excellent heat transfer performance. Its fuel uses fully ceramic-coated particle fuel, which can effectively contain radioactive fission products. The core outlet temperature can reach 800°C, which can achieve high thermoelectric conversion efficiency. It has great potential in the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy, such as high-temperature process heat supply, hydrogen production, etc. The characteristics of nuclear fission that it is easy to start and can quickly produce a high-temperature and high-pressure environment help to break through the high energy input barriers and technical complexity difficulties of traditional nuclear fusion startup, and reduce the difficulty and cost of startup.

[0005] The firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion principle hopes to solve some of the problems existing in traditional controlled nuclear fusion technology in terms of energy output continuity, stability, and device operation durability through innovative system architecture design, such as the use of multi-pile relay operation mechanism and flywheel energy storage control technology. Specifically, its relay operation mode in which multiple piles trigger fusion reactions in sequence in a predetermined sequence can alleviate the intermittent and fluctuating energy output caused by the limited duration of a single pile reaction to a certain extent, and achieve relatively more continuous and stable energy output. At the same time, with the help of a flywheel energy storage device, the pulsed energy output during the nuclear fusion reaction is controlled and stored in real time, effectively realizing energy peak shaving and valley filling, improving the energy management and utilization efficiency of the entire system, and providing new ideas and directions for the feasibility exploration of controlled nuclear fusion technology in actual application scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the difficulties that controlled nuclear fusion technology is difficult to achieve continuous power supply and difficult to achieve net gain in energy output, the present invention proposes a firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission collaborative power generation device and power generation method.

[0007] The technical solution of the present invention is: a firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device, including a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system and other accessories. The fission-fusion reaction system includes a neutron gun, a fuel ball, a fuel ball storage and delivery device and a vacuum reactor. The circulating cooling system includes a circulating fan, a voltage stabilizer, a steam turbine, a steam generator, a conveying pipeline and a water pump. The other accessories include an energy storage control system and a vacuum pump.

[0008] The fuel ball of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention has a neutron transmission shell as the outermost layer, a solid nuclear fission fuel in the center, and a columnar support material is evenly distributed between the nuclear fission fuel and the neutron transmission shell, so that a thin layer is formed between the neutron transmission shell and the nuclear fission fuel. There is a nuclear fusion fuel injection port on the neutron transmission shell of the fuel ball, and the nuclear fusion fuel is injected into the formed thin layer through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port. The nuclear fusion fuel is a high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas. The nuclear fusion fuel is in an ultra-high pressure state between the nuclear fission fuel and the neutron transmission layer. The materials of the nuclear fission fuel include but are not limited to uranium-233, uranium-235, uranium dioxide and plutonium-239. The neutron transmission shell allows high-energy neutrons to penetrate and stimulate nuclear fission reactions. The neutron transmission shell needs to withstand a high temperature and high pressure environment. The materials of the neutron transmission shell include but are not limited to zirconium alloys, nickel-based alloys and tungsten-based alloys.

[0009] The nuclear fission fuel is formed by powder metallurgy and other processes, and the columnar support material is evenly distributed around the nuclear fission fuel and tightly combined by welding and other methods. The neutron transmission shell with a nuclear fusion fuel injection port is made by casting and other processes. The neutron transmission shell is first divided into two hemispheres for casting, and then the two neutron transmission shell hemispheres are welded to the columnar support material. Optionally, the two hemispheres are welded by full penetration; optionally, a locking structure can be set at the weld between the two hemispheres of the neutron transmission shell, and the two hemispheres are locked by mechanical force combination, and then welded at the groove. The locking structure includes but is not limited to a hemispherical locking structure or a conical locking structure. The locking structure facilitates the hemispherical welding positioning, and can make the spherical neutron transmission layer more evenly distributed when subjected to internal pressure, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the container. A high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port. After the high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected to ultra-high pressure, it is sealed. The sealing methods include but are not limited to high-temperature welding and sealant sealing. After sealing, the air tightness of the fuel ball should be checked.

[0010] The fuel ball storage and delivery device of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention is used to store fuel balls. After a fuel ball reaction is completed, a new fuel ball is regularly put into the vacuum reactor. The fuel ball release frequency is set according to the reaction frequency. The fuel ball can be released by gravity, and the fuel ball can also be put into the fuel ball from top to bottom by mechanical action. When the fuel ball moves to the center of the vacuum reactor, the neutrons emitted by the neutron gun bombard the fuel ball, and the nuclear fission fuel inside the fuel ball absorbs neutrons to produce nuclear fission reaction, and the reaction is a chain reaction, which can be carried out spontaneously and continuously. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fission reaction quickly heats the nuclear fusion fuel. At the same time, the high-energy neutrons and high-energy rays generated by the fission reaction assist in compressing and heating the nuclear fusion fuel. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the nuclear fusion fuel undergoes fusion reaction and releases a large amount of energy. The high temperature causes the fuel ball to quickly become plasma, and the plasma is constrained by the magnetic field and moves in the magnetic field area, and releases heat outward by radiation. Then the next fuel ball is put into the vacuum reactor, and the high temperature environment generated by the fuel ball that has completed the reaction can assist the preheating of the next fuel ball.

[0011] The vacuum reactor of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention is spherical, and the first wall of the vacuum reactor is made of high-temperature resistant materials, including but not limited to tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys. The inner wall of the vacuum reactor is lined with a tritium breeding blanket, and the tritium breeding blanket materials include but are not limited to lithium sulfate, lithium silicate, lithium titanate, lithium carbonate and lithium-lead alloys. The tritium breeding blanket can generate tritium for maintaining nuclear fusion reactions by absorbing high-energy neutrons. The high-energy neutrons generated during the reaction are partially absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket, and partially reflected to stimulate nuclear fission reactions.

[0012] The upper and lower ends of the outer part of the vacuum reactor are closely arranged with an upper superconducting coil and a lower superconducting coil, respectively. The upper superconducting coil and the lower superconducting coil use a liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen mixed cooling system to maintain the superconducting state. With the help of magnetic confinement, the direct contact frequency and contact area between the high-temperature plasma and the vacuum reactor wall are reduced, thereby reducing the stringent requirements on the high-temperature resistance of the vacuum reactor material and extending the service life of the spherical cavity. The magnetic confinement method in the field of nuclear fusion is committed to restraining high-temperature plasma with the help of a magnetic field, thereby achieving a sustained and stable nuclear fusion reaction. Tokamaks use annular magnetic fields and poloidal magnetic fields to restrain plasma in an annular vacuum chamber, which can better reduce particle leakage and maintain the high temperature and high density state of plasma; stellarators rely on the three-dimensional distorted magnetic field shape generated by external coils to confine plasma. As one of the magnetic confinement methods, the magnetic mirror has an uneven distribution of magnetic fields along the axial direction, with high magnetic field strength at both ends and weaker in the middle. When charged particles move axially to the strong magnetic field area, the axial velocity will change, thereby achieving confinement. Compared with tokamaks and stellarators, the outstanding advantage of magnetic mirrors is that the structure is relatively simple, and the confinement efficiency is higher for particles with a large velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field.

[0013] The fuel ball delivery port just above the vacuum reactor is sealed by a magnetic fluid seal. There is a reaction waste collection area just below the vacuum reactor. After the reaction is completed, the cooled reaction waste is discharged in time through the waste gas outlet of the reaction waste collection area with the help of a vacuum pump. The first wall of the vacuum reactor is a phase change material layer, and the phase change material layer is a phase change microsphere, and helium is passed through it. Helium has good thermal conductivity, can efficiently transfer heat, and has low density, which reduces the pressure load of the equipment. It has high specific heat capacity and can absorb heat stably. It is chemically inert and does not corrode the equipment. It has high purity and is not affected by impurities. It can effectively improve the equipment's operating efficiency, safety and service life during the power generation process, and reduce resource loss and environmental impact. The phase change microspheres are composed of a phase change core material and a wall material. The wall material wraps the phase change core material. The optional phase change core material includes but is not limited to lithium carbonate, silicon carbide and lithium fluoride, and the optional wall material includes but is not limited to silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.

[0014] Low-temperature helium enters the phase change material layer, exchanges heat with the phase change microspheres, and leaves from the outlet after the temperature rises. The helium outlet temperature is not higher than 800°C. After leaving the phase change material layer, the helium enters the circulation fan, which provides power for the helium circulation, drives the helium to flow between the vacuum reactor and the steam generator and other equipment, overcomes the system resistance, ensures the smooth transmission of heat from the phase change material layer to the steam generator, and ensures the stable operation of the entire system. There is a voltage regulator in the pipeline. The voltage regulator accurately monitors the change of helium pressure. When the pressure increases due to factors such as power fluctuations and flow changes in the vacuum reactor, helium is released. When the pressure decreases, helium is added to increase the pressure, thereby stabilizing the helium pressure within an appropriate range. The high-temperature helium passes through the steam generator and quickly heats the water in the steam generator. After leaving the steam generator, the helium enters the phase change material layer again to form a cycle. High-temperature steam is generated in the steam generator, and the high-temperature steam is transported to the steam turbine for power generation. After passing through the energy storage control system, part of the electricity is output to the user, and part is used for the device's own electricity consumption.

[0015] At least two neutron guns are arranged equidistantly outside the vacuum reactor. Each neutron gun contains a radio frequency ion source (a device capable of generating an ion beam, which generates a high-energy particle beam through the excitation of a radio frequency generator and a precision tuning circuit). The ion source uses a high-stability radio frequency generator and a precision tuning circuit, which can generate a radio frequency signal with an accurately adjustable frequency and stable power, and excite the ion source to generate a high-energy particle beam. The high-energy particle beam is accelerated by a multi-stage accelerating electric field and bombards the target material to generate high-energy neutrons. The neutron gun is aimed at the center of the vacuum reactor, and the neutron inlet is evenly arranged on the wall of the vacuum reactor. The neutron gun emits high-energy neutrons to the center of the vacuum reactor through the neutron inlet at a predetermined frequency.

[0016] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention comprises at least two fission-fusion reaction systems, each of which is equipped with a circulating cooling system and a vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system produces a large amount of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor is close to the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses the stored electric energy to react, and at the same time, the first fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting and removes the reaction waste and cools through the vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting, removes the waste and cools, and the first fission-fusion reaction system reacts again, thereby achieving continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and efficiently utilizing energy.

[0017] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention has the following main technical principles, i.e., power generation method:

[0018] Step 1: Use a water pump to add distilled water from the water tank to the steam generator and inject helium into the phase change material layer;

[0019] Step 2: Use a vacuum pump to extract the gas in the vacuum reactor to ensure a high vacuum degree, and energize the upper superconducting magnet and the lower superconducting magnet to generate an uneven magnetic field inside the vacuum reactor;

[0020] Step 3: Use the fuel ball storage and delivery device to put a fuel ball into the vacuum reactor, and at the same time start the neutron gun to fire high-energy neutrons toward the center of the vacuum reactor. The high-energy neutrons bombard the fuel ball that falls to the center of the ball and stimulate the nuclear fission fuel in the fuel ball to undergo a nuclear fission reaction;

[0021] Step 4: The nuclear fission reaction produces a high temperature and high pressure environment. After reaching the conditions for the nuclear fusion reaction, the nuclear fusion fuel undergoes a fusion reaction. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fusion reaction turns the fuel ball into a high temperature plasma. The high temperature plasma is constrained by the magnetic field and is confined to the center of the vacuum reactor. The high energy neutrons generated by the reaction are partially absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket, and partially reflected to stimulate the nuclear fission reaction.

[0022] Step 5: The high-temperature plasma radiates heat energy outward, and the heat is absorbed by the phase change microspheres and transferred to the helium. After the high-temperature helium is output, it transfers the heat to the cooling water in the steam generator and generates high-temperature steam for steam turbine power generation. The generated electricity is processed by the energy storage control system, part of which is used to supply users, part of which is used to power the device itself, and part of which is stored;

[0023] Step 6: Continue to add fuel balls into the reaction device, and the high temperature generated by the reaction of the previous fuel ball can be used to preheat the fuel ball. When the first fission-fusion reaction system produces a lot of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor is close to the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses the stored electrical energy to react according to the first to fifth steps, while the first fission-fusion reaction system stops the reaction and removes the reaction waste and cools through the vacuum pump;

[0024] Step 7: When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting, and steps 1 to 6 are repeated to achieve continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and efficiently utilizing energy.

[0025] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device and power generation method of the present invention have the following advantages and positive effects: 1. Innovative fusion start-up mechanism, drawing on the firecracker-type multi-pile relay concept, integrating nuclear fission and nuclear fusion, using the high temperature and high pressure generated by nuclear fission to start nuclear fusion, and reducing the difficulty and cost of starting; 2. High-efficiency energy conversion and utilization, using helium to transfer heat, the high thermal conductivity, low density, high specific heat capacity and chemical inertness of helium enable it to effectively bring out the heat stored in the phase change microspheres, collect and convert nuclear reaction heat energy in all directions, and improve energy conversion efficiency; 3. Precise plasma control and device life extension, using magnetic field constraint, simplifying the magnetic field while stably controlling high-temperature plasma, reducing inner wall damage, extending the life of the device, improving safety, and reducing maintenance costs; 4. Stable system operation guarantee, referring to the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion multi-pile relay principle, multiple fission-fusion reaction systems are operated alternately to ensure long-term and efficient operation of the system, improve power supply stability, and reduce downtime losses. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a front view of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a top view of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a left view of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention, and the cross section is Figure 2 AA shown.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention, and the cross section is Figure 3 BB shown.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fuel ball of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the phase change microsphere of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention.

[0034] Fig. 9It is a schematic diagram of the locking structure of the fuel ball of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission coordinated power generation method of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1-steam turbine; 2-circulating fan; 3-fuel ball storage and delivery device; 4-vacuum reactor; 5-water pump; 6-steam generator; 7-neutron gun; 8-pressurizer; 9-transmission pipeline; 10-water storage tank; 11-vacuum pump; 12-energy storage control system; 13-fuel ball; 14-phase change microsphere; 210-first fission-fusion reaction system; 211-second fission-fusion reaction system; 401-helium outlet; 402-tritium breeder blanket; 403-upper superconducting coil; 404-first wall; 4 05—lower superconducting coil; 406—waste gas outlet; 407—reaction waste collection area; 408—helium inlet; 409—phase change material layer; 410—neutron incident port; 601—helium channel; 131—neutron transmission shell; 132—nuclear fission fuel; 133—support material; 134—nuclear fusion fuel injection port; 135—nuclear fusion fuel; 141—phase change core material; 142—wall material; 1301—groove; 1302—locking structure; 1321—spherical locking structure; 1322—conical locking structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, but the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments based on the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention includes a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system and other accessories, such as Figure 1-7 shown.

[0039] The fission-fusion reaction system comprises a neutron gun 7 , a fuel ball 13 , a fuel ball storage and delivery device 3 and a vacuum reactor 4 .

[0040] The circulating cooling system comprises a circulating fan 2 , a pressure stabilizer 8 , a steam turbine 1 , a steam generator 6 , a conveying pipeline 9 and a water pump 5 .

[0041] The other accessories include an energy storage control system 12 and a vacuum pump 11 .

[0042] The fuel ball 13 of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention is as follows Figure 7As shown, the outermost layer is a neutron transmission shell 131, the center is a solid nuclear fission fuel 132, and columnar support materials 133 are evenly distributed between the nuclear fission fuel 132 and the neutron transmission shell 131, so that a thin layer is formed between the neutron transmission shell 131 and the nuclear fission fuel 132. There is a nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134 on the neutron transmission shell 131 of the fuel ball 13, and nuclear fusion fuel 135 is injected into the formed thin layer through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134. The nuclear fusion fuel 135 is a high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas. The nuclear fusion fuel 135 is in an ultra-high pressure state between the nuclear fission fuel 132 and the neutron transmission layer 131. The materials used for the nuclear fission fuel 132 include but are not limited to uranium-233, uranium-235, uranium dioxide and plutonium-239. The neutron transmission shell 131 allows high-energy neutrons to pass through and stimulate nuclear fission reactions. The material of the neutron transmission shell 131 includes, but is not limited to, zirconium alloy, nickel-based alloy, tungsten-based alloy, and the like.

[0043] The nuclear fission fuel 132 is formed by powder metallurgy and other processes, and the columnar support material 133 is evenly distributed around the nuclear fission fuel 132 and tightly combined by welding and other methods. The neutron transmission shell 131 with the nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134 is manufactured by casting and other processes. The neutron transmission shell 131 is first divided into two hemispheres for casting, and then the two hemispheres of the neutron transmission shell 131 are welded with the columnar support material 133 and the two hemispheres. Optionally, the two hemispheres are welded by full penetration; optionally, a locking structure can be set at the weld between the two hemispheres of the neutron transmission shell 131. High-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port 134, and the high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected to ultra-high pressure and then sealed. The sealing method includes but is not limited to high-temperature welding and sealant sealing. After sealing, the air tightness of the fuel ball should be checked.

[0044] The locking structure 1302 of the fuel ball of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, the two hemispheres are locked by mechanical force combination and then welded at the groove 1301 . The locking structure includes but is not limited to a hemispherical locking structure 1321 or a conical locking structure 1322 .

[0045] The fuel ball storage and delivery device 3 of the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission cooperative power generation device of the present invention is as follows Figure 3As shown, the fuel ball storage and delivery device 3 is located directly above the vacuum reactor 4, and is used to store the fuel balls 13. After the reaction of a fuel ball 13 is completed, a new fuel ball 13 is regularly delivered into the vacuum reactor 4. The release frequency of the fuel ball 13 is set according to the reaction frequency. The fuel ball can be released by gravity, or the fuel ball 13 can be delivered from top to bottom by mechanical action. When the fuel ball 13 moves to the center of the vacuum reactor 4, the neutrons emitted by the neutron gun 7 bombard the fuel ball, and the nuclear fission fuel 132 inside the fuel ball 13 absorbs the neutrons to undergo a nuclear fission reaction, and the reaction is a chain reaction that can be carried out spontaneously and continuously. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fission reaction quickly heats the nuclear fusion fuel 135. At the same time, the high-energy neutrons and high-energy rays generated by the fission reaction assist in compressing and heating the nuclear fusion fuel 135. Under high temperature and high pressure conditions, the nuclear fusion fuel 135 undergoes a fusion reaction and releases a large amount of energy. The high temperature causes the fuel ball 13 to quickly become plasma, and the plasma moves in the magnetic field region under the constraint of the magnetic field and releases heat outward by radiation. Then, the next fuel ball 13 is put into the vacuum reactor 4 . The high temperature environment generated by the fuel ball 13 that has completed the reaction can assist in preheating the next fuel ball 13 .

[0046] Invent firecracker-style controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device, such as Figure 4 As shown, the vacuum reactor 4 is spherical, and the first wall of the vacuum reactor 4 is made of high temperature resistant material, and the high temperature material used includes but is not limited to tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloy. The inner wall of the vacuum reactor 4 is lined with a tritium breeding blanket 402, and the material of the tritium breeding blanket 402 includes but is not limited to lithium sulfate, lithium silicate, lithium titanate, lithium carbonate and lithium-lead alloy. The tritium breeding blanket 402 can generate tritium for maintaining nuclear fusion reaction by absorbing high energy neutrons.

[0047] The upper and lower ends of the outer part of the vacuum reactor 4 are closely arranged with an upper superconducting coil 403 and a lower superconducting coil 405. The upper superconducting coil 403 and the lower superconducting coil 405 are maintained in a superconducting state by a liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen mixed cooling system. With the help of the magnetic confinement effect generated by the coil, the direct contact frequency and contact area between the high-temperature plasma and the wall of the vacuum reactor 4 are reduced, thereby significantly reducing the stringent requirements on the high-temperature resistance of the material of the vacuum reactor 4 and extending the service life of the vacuum reactor 4.

[0048] The connection between the above vacuum reactor 4 and the fuel ball storage and delivery device 3 is vacuum sealed by magnetic fluid sealing. There is a reaction waste collection area 407 directly below the vacuum reactor 4. After the reaction is completed, the cooled reaction waste is discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 406 in time with the help of the vacuum pump 11. The first wall 404 of the vacuum reactor 4 is a phase change material layer 409, and the phase change material layer 409 is a phase change microsphere 14, and helium is passed. Helium has good thermal conductivity, can efficiently transfer heat, and has low density, which reduces the pressure load of the equipment. It has a high specific heat capacity and can absorb heat stably. It is chemically inert, does not corrode the equipment, and has high purity without impurity influence. It can effectively improve the equipment operation efficiency, safety and service life during the power generation process, and reduce resource loss and environmental impact.

[0049] The phase change microsphere 14 of the firecracker type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention is as follows Figure 8 As shown, it is composed of a phase change core material 141 and a wall material 142. The wall material 142 wraps the phase change core material 141. The optional phase change core material 141 includes but is not limited to lithium carbonate, silicon carbide and lithium fluoride, etc. The optional wall material 142 includes but is not limited to silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, etc.

[0050] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention is as follows Figure 5 As shown, low-temperature helium enters the phase change material layer 409, exchanges heat with the phase change microspheres 14, and leaves from the helium outlet 401 after the temperature rises. The helium outlet temperature is not higher than 800°C. After leaving the phase change material layer 409, the helium enters the circulation fan 2. The circulation fan 2 provides power for the helium circulation, drives the helium to flow between the vacuum reactor 4 and the steam generator 6 and other equipment, overcomes the system resistance, and ensures that the heat is smoothly transmitted from the vacuum reactor 4 to the steam generator 6, ensuring the stable operation of the entire system. There is a regulator 7 in the pipeline. The regulator 7 accurately monitors the change of helium pressure. When the pressure increases due to factors such as power fluctuations and flow changes in the vacuum reactor 4, the helium is released, and when the pressure decreases, the pressure is supplemented or increased, thereby stabilizing the helium pressure within a suitable range. Helium High-temperature helium passes through the steam generator 6 and the helium channel 601, quickly heating the water in the steam generator 6. After leaving the steam generator 6, the helium enters the phase change material layer 409 again to form a cycle. The steam generator 6 generates high-temperature steam, which is transported to the steam turbine 1 to generate electricity. After passing through the energy storage and control system 12, part of the electricity is output to the user and part is used for the device's own electricity consumption.

[0051] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention is as follows Figure 4As shown, at least two neutron guns 7 are arranged equidistantly outside the vacuum reactor 4. Each neutron gun 7 contains a radio frequency ion source, which uses a high-stability radio frequency generator and a precision tuning circuit, and can generate a radio frequency signal with precisely adjustable frequency and stable power, which excites the ion source to generate a high-energy particle beam, which is accelerated by a multi-stage accelerating electric field and bombards the target material to generate high-energy neutrons. The neutron gun 7 is aimed at the center of the vacuum reactor 4, and neutron inlets 410 are evenly arranged on the wall of the vacuum reactor 4. The neutron gun 7 emits high-energy neutrons to the center of the vacuum reactor 4 through the neutron inlet 410 at a predetermined frequency.

[0052] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device of the present invention is as follows Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, at least two fission-fusion reaction systems are included, each of which is equipped with a circulating cooling system and a vacuum pump 11. When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 produces a lot of reaction waste or the inner wall temperature of the vacuum reactor 4 is close to the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 uses the stored electrical energy to react, and at the same time the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 stops reacting and removes the reaction waste and cools through the vacuum pump 11. When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 stops reacting and removes the waste and cools, and the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 reacts again, thereby achieving continuous power supply without causing major damage to the device and efficiently utilizing energy.

[0053] The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation method of the present invention is as follows: Fig.10 As shown, its main technical principles, i.e., power generation methods, include:

[0054] Step 1: Use the water pump 5 to add distilled water from the water storage tank 10 to the steam generator 6, and inject helium into the phase change material layer 409;

[0055] Step 2: Use the vacuum pump 11 to extract the gas in the vacuum reactor 4 to ensure a high vacuum degree, and energize the upper superconducting coil 403 and the lower superconducting coil 405 to generate an uneven magnetic field inside the vacuum reactor 4;

[0056] Step 3: A fuel ball 13 is put into the vacuum reactor 4 by using the fuel ball storage and delivery device 3, and at the same time, the neutron gun 7 is started to emit high-energy neutrons to the center of the vacuum reactor 4. The high-energy neutrons bombard the fuel ball 13 that falls to the center of the ball and stimulate the nuclear fission fuel 132 in the fuel ball 13 to undergo a nuclear fission reaction;

[0057] Step 4: The nuclear fission reaction generates a high temperature and high pressure environment. After reaching the nuclear fusion reaction conditions, the nuclear fusion fuel 135 undergoes a fusion reaction. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fusion reaction turns the fuel ball 13 into a high temperature plasma. The high temperature plasma is constrained by the magnetic field and is constrained at the center of the vacuum reactor 4. The high energy neutrons generated by the reaction are partially absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket 402, and partially reflected to stimulate the nuclear fission reaction.

[0058] Step 5: The high-temperature plasma radiates heat energy outward, and the heat is absorbed by the phase change microspheres 14 and transferred to the helium. After the high-temperature helium is output, it transfers the heat to the cooling water in the steam generator 6 and generates high-temperature steam for the steam turbine 1 to generate electricity. The generated electricity is processed by the energy storage control system 12, part of which is used to supply users, part of which is used to power the device itself, and part of which is stored;

[0059] Step 6: Continue to add fuel balls 13 into the reaction device, and the high temperature generated by the reaction of the previous fuel ball 13 can be used to preheat the fuel ball 13. When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 produces a lot of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor 4 is close to the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 uses the stored electrical energy to react according to the first to fifth steps, while the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 stops reacting and removes the reaction waste and cools down through the vacuum pump;

[0060] Step 7: When the first fission-fusion reaction system 210 meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system 211 stops reacting and repeats steps 1 to 6, thereby achieving continuous power supply without causing significant damage to the device and efficiently utilizing energy.

Claims

1. A firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device, characterized in that: It comprises a fission-fusion reaction system, a circulating cooling system and other accessories; the fission-fusion reaction system comprises a neutron gun, a fuel ball, a fuel ball storage and delivery device and a vacuum reactor; the circulating cooling system comprises a circulating fan, a voltage stabilizer, a steam turbine, a steam generator, a delivery pipeline and a water pump; the other accessories comprise an energy storage control system and a vacuum pump; the vacuum reactor is spherical, the first wall of the vacuum reactor is made of high temperature resistant material, and the inner wall is lined with a tritium breeding blanket; the upper and lower ends of the outer part of the vacuum reactor are closely arranged with an upper superconducting coil and a lower superconducting coil respectively; the fuel ball delivery port just above the vacuum reactor is vacuum sealed by a magnetic fluid seal; there is a reaction waste collection area just below the vacuum reactor; there is an exhaust gas outlet in the reaction waste collection area; the exhaust gas outlet is connected to a vacuum pump; the outer side of the first wall of the vacuum reactor is a phase change material layer, in which are phase change microspheres, and helium is passed; at least two neutron guns are equidistantly arranged outside the vacuum reactor, the neutron guns are aimed at the center of the vacuum reactor, and neutron inlets are evenly arranged on the wall of the vacuum reactor.

2. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phase change microspheres are composed of a phase change core material and a wall material, wherein the wall material wraps the phase change core material. Optional phase change core materials include but are not limited to lithium carbonate, silicon carbide and lithium fluoride, and optional wall materials include but are not limited to silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide.

3. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outermost layer of the fuel ball is a neutron transmission shell, and the center is solid nuclear fission fuel. Columnar support materials are evenly distributed between the nuclear fission fuel and the neutron transmission shell, so that a thin layer is formed between the neutron transmission shell and the nuclear fission fuel. There is a nuclear fusion fuel injection port on the neutron transmission shell of the fuel ball, and the nuclear fusion fuel is injected into the formed thin layer through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port. The nuclear fusion fuel is a high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas, and the space between the nuclear fission fuel and the neutron transmission layer is in an ultra-high pressure state. The material of the nuclear fission fuel includes uranium-233, uranium-235, uranium dioxide or plutonium-239, etc. The neutron transmission shell can allow high-energy neutrons to penetrate and stimulate nuclear fission reactions. The material of the neutron transmission shell includes zirconium alloy, nickel-based alloy or tungsten-based alloy, etc.

4. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The nuclear fission fuel is formed by powder metallurgy and other processes, and the columnar support material is evenly distributed around the nuclear fission fuel and tightly combined by welding and other methods. A neutron transmission shell with a nuclear fusion fuel injection port is manufactured by casting and other processes. The neutron transmission shell is first divided into two hemispheres for casting, and then the two neutron transmission shell hemispheres are welded to the columnar support material and the two hemispheres; a high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected through the nuclear fusion fuel injection port, and the high-concentration deuterium-tritium mixed gas is injected to an ultra-high pressure and then sealed. The sealing methods include but are not limited to high-temperature welding and sealant sealing. After sealing, the air tightness of the fuel ball should be checked.

5. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device according to claim 4, characterized in that: During the welding process of the two hemispheres of the neutron transmission shell, full penetration welding can be adopted; a locking structure can also be provided at the weld, and the two hemispheres are locked by mechanical force combination, and then welded at the groove, and the locking structure includes but is not limited to a hemispherical locking structure or a conical locking structure.

6. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An upper superconducting coil and a lower superconducting coil are closely arranged at the upper and lower ends of the exterior of the vacuum reactor, respectively. The upper superconducting coil and the lower superconducting coil adopt a liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen mixed cooling system to maintain a superconducting state. With the help of magnetic confinement, the direct contact frequency and contact area between the high-temperature plasma and the vacuum reactor wall are reduced, thereby reducing the stringent requirements on the high-temperature resistance of the vacuum reactor material and extending the service life of the spherical cavity.

7. The firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least two fission-fusion reaction systems are included, each of which is equipped with a circulating cooling system and a vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system produces a lot of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor is close to the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses the stored electrical energy to react, and at the same time the first fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting and removes the reaction waste and cools through the vacuum pump. When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for re-reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting and removes the waste and cools, and the first fission-fusion reaction system reacts again, thereby achieving continuous power supply without causing major damage to the device and efficiently utilizing energy.

8. A firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation method, using the firecracker-type controlled nuclear fusion and nuclear fission synergistic power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Its main technical principles and processes include: Step 1: Use a water pump to add distilled water into the steam generator and inject helium into the phase change material layer; Step 2: Use a vacuum pump to extract the gas in the vacuum reactor to ensure a high vacuum degree, and energize the upper superconducting magnet and the lower superconducting magnet to generate an uneven magnetic field inside the vacuum reactor; Step 3: Use the fuel ball storage and delivery device to put a fuel ball into the vacuum reactor, and at the same time start the neutron gun to fire high-energy neutrons toward the center of the vacuum reactor. The high-energy neutrons bombard the fuel ball that falls to the center of the ball and stimulate the nuclear fission fuel in the fuel ball to undergo a nuclear fission reaction; Step 4: The nuclear fission reaction produces a high temperature and high pressure environment. After reaching the conditions for the nuclear fusion reaction, the nuclear fusion fuel undergoes a fusion reaction. The high temperature generated by the nuclear fusion reaction turns the fuel ball into a high temperature plasma. The high temperature plasma is constrained by the magnetic field and is confined to the center of the vacuum reactor. The high energy neutrons generated by the reaction are partially absorbed by the tritium breeding blanket, and partially reflected to stimulate the nuclear fission reaction. Step 5: The high-temperature plasma radiates heat energy outward, and the heat is absorbed by the phase change microspheres and transferred to the helium. After the high-temperature helium is output, it transfers the heat to the cooling water in the steam generator and generates high-temperature steam for steam turbine power generation. The generated electricity is processed by the energy storage control system, part of which is used to supply users, part of which is used to power the device itself, and part of which is stored; Step 6: Continue to add fuel balls into the reaction device, and the high temperature generated by the reaction of the previous fuel ball can be used to preheat the fuel ball. When the first fission-fusion reaction system produces a lot of reaction waste or the temperature of the inner wall of the vacuum reactor is close to the upper limit temperature that the material can withstand, the second fission-fusion reaction system uses the stored electrical energy to react according to the first to fifth steps, while the first fission-fusion reaction system stops the reaction and removes the reaction waste and cools through the vacuum pump; Step 7: When the first fission-fusion reaction system meets the conditions for the next reaction, the second fission-fusion reaction system stops reacting, and steps 1 to 6 are repeated to achieve continuous power supply.

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