A fuel cell hydrogen supply system and its control method

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, specifically disclosing a fuel cell hydrogen supply system and its control method. The hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen refueling port, multiple hydrogen storage cylinders, a first shut-off valve, an overflow valve, a needle valve, a pressure reducing valve, a safety valve, a second shut-off valve, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a pressure sensor, an infrared emitter, and a hydrogen supply system controller. The multiple hydrogen storage cylinders are all connected to the fuel cell system via high-pressure pipelines. The first shut-off valve, overflow valve, needle valve, pressure reducing valve, safety valve, and second shut-off valve are sequentially arranged on the high-pressure pipelines. The hydrogen refueling port is connected to the high-pressure pipeline between the hydrogen storage cylinders and the first shut-off valve. The hydrogen concentration sensor, pressure sensor, and infrared emitter are all electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller, which is also electrically connected to the fuel cell system controller. The fuel cell system controller is electrically connected to the fuel cell system. This invention can avoid the damage to the fuel cell stack caused by excessive anode pressure fluctuations and improve system reliability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and more particularly relates to a fuel cell hydrogen supply system and a control method of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The control of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is of great significance. Unstable pressure can affect the output performance of the stack, possibly causing additional stress to the internal structure of the battery, leading to safety problems such as gas leakage. Suitable and stable hydrogen supply pressure helps to maintain a good reaction environment inside the fuel cell, improve the efficiency of electrochemical reaction, reduce damage to key components such as membrane electrode assemblies, and prolong the service life of the stack.

[0003] The existing control method of the hydrogen supply system does not clearly divide the system working conditions, and the control method of the multi-bottle group hydrogen supply system is relatively simple: all hydrogen bottles are fully opened, which increases the system power consumption and affects the service life of the bottle valve when used for a long time; single bottle hydrogen supply may not meet the hydrogen consumption of the loading condition or heavy truck, and if a fault occurs, an anode hydrogen deficiency may occur instantaneously when switching hydrogen bottles; when selecting hydrogen bottles, if a certain hydrogen bottle is used more frequently, the service life of this hydrogen bottle relative to the entire hydrogen supply system will be shorter. Due to the extremely fast flow rate of high-pressure hydrogen, a transient pressure fluctuation will occur at the back end of the pressure reducing valve when switching hydrogen bottles, and it is difficult for the stack system to use dynamic adjustment to offset it. The existing method does not perform targeted control. The above problems are less involved in existing patents. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provides a fuel cell hydrogen supply system that reduces the risk of hydrogen leakage, avoids anode hydrogen deficiency or excessive pressure fluctuation damage to the fuel cell stack, avoids excessive cycling of individual hydrogen bottles, and improves system safety and reliability.

[0005] As a first aspect of the present application, a fuel cell hydrogen supply system is provided, which comprises a hydrogen inlet, a plurality of hydrogen storage bottles, a first shut-off valve, an overflow valve, a needle valve, a pressure reducing valve, a safety valve, a second shut-off valve, a hydrogen concentration sensor, a high-pressure sensor, a low-pressure sensor, an infrared emitter, and a hydrogen supply system controller. The plurality of hydrogen storage bottles are connected to the fuel cell system through a high-pressure pipeline. The first shut-off valve, the overflow valve, the needle valve, the pressure reducing valve, the safety valve, and the second shut-off valve are sequentially arranged on the high-pressure pipeline. The hydrogen inlet is connected to the high-pressure pipeline between the hydrogen storage bottle and the first shut-off valve. The hydrogen concentration sensor, the high-pressure sensor, the low-pressure sensor, and the infrared emitter are electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller. The hydrogen supply system controller is also electrically connected to the fuel cell system controller, and the fuel cell system controller is electrically connected to the fuel cell system. Wherein,

[0006] When the hydrogen supply system controller determines that the hydrogen storage bottle needs to be filled with hydrogen, the first shutoff valve and the second shutoff valve are controlled to be closed, and then the hydrogen filling gun of the hydrogen filling machine is controlled to fill the hydrogen storage bottle with hydrogen through the hydrogen filling port;

[0007] When the hydrogen supply system controller determines that the hydrogen storage bottle does not need to be filled with hydrogen, the first shutoff valve and the second shutoff valve are controlled to be opened, and the hydrogen supply system controller selects group hydrogen supply or overall hydrogen supply according to the requirements of the fuel cell system controller; then the fuel cell system controller controls the hydrogen supply system controller to enter a hydrogen supply operation mode, and controls the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle to be delivered to the fuel cell system through the high-pressure pipeline after the hydrogen supply system controller enters the hydrogen supply operation mode; wherein the hydrogen supply system controller and the fuel cell system controller jointly control the normal operation of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system.

[0008] As a further improvement of the application, when the hydrogen supply system controller determines that the hydrogen storage bottle needs to be filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen filling gun of the hydrogen filling machine is connected to the hydrogen filling port, the one-way valve inside the hydrogen filling port can prevent hydrogen from leaking out when the hydrogen filling port is damaged, and the filter inside the hydrogen filling port is responsible for filtering hydrogen.

[0009] As a further improvement of the application, the hydrogen storage bottle is provided with a bottle mouth valve and a bottle tail valve at both ends, respectively, the bottle mouth valve is integrated with a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a first TPRD, a manual stop valve and an electromagnetic valve, the pressure sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle, the temperature sensor is used to monitor the hydrogen temperature in the hydrogen storage bottle, the first TPRD is used to release the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle when overheat protection is needed, and the manual stop valve and the electromagnetic valve are used to jointly control the on-off of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle; the bottle tail valve is a tail plug with a second TPRD.

[0010] As a further improvement of the application, the flow valve can limit the hydrogen flow in the high-pressure pipeline when the pressure difference between both ends of the flow valve is greater than a first set value;

[0011] The needle valve can manually open to discharge hydrogen when the fuel cell hydrogen supply system fails, the pressure reducing valve can adjust the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline to the required pressure of the fuel cell system, and the safety valve can automatically open to discharge hydrogen when the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline is greater than a second set value; wherein when the fuel cell hydrogen supply system fails, the needle valve, the pressure reducing valve and the safety valve jointly safely vent the residual hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle;

[0012] When the fuel cell hydrogen supply system supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell system, the high-pressure sensor and the low-pressure sensor are used to detect the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline respectively. When the hydrogen pressure detected by the high-pressure sensor exceeds the third set value or the hydrogen pressure detected by the low-pressure sensor is lower than the fourth set value, the hydrogen supply system controller closes all the solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and sends the abnormal hydrogen pressure alarm information of the high-pressure pipeline to the fuel cell system controller, while providing an audible and visual alarm prompt.

[0013] The fuel cell system controller sends a hydrogen refueling command to the hydrogen supply system controller. Upon receiving the hydrogen refueling command, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the hydrogen refueling machine's refueling nozzle to refuel the hydrogen storage tank through the hydrogen refueling port via the infrared transmitter. During the hydrogen refueling process, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor transmit the hydrogen pressure and temperature in the hydrogen storage tank to the hydrogen supply system controller in real time via the infrared transmitter, thereby achieving hydrogen pressure and temperature control during the hydrogen refueling process.

[0014] The hydrogen concentration sensor is used to detect the hydrogen concentration in the environment surrounding the hydrogen storage tank.

[0015] As a second aspect of the present invention, a control method for a fuel cell hydrogen supply system is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step S1: After the hydrogen supply system controller is powered on, the hydrogen supply system controller enters the hydrogen supply shutdown mode, and then the hydrogen supply system controller determines whether hydrogen needs to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder;

[0017] Step S2: If hydrogen needs to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder, the hydrogen supply system controller enters the hydrogen filling mode. First, it controls both the first and second shut-off valves to close, and then controls the hydrogen dispenser's nozzle to add hydrogen to the hydrogen storage cylinder through the hydrogen filling port. If hydrogen does not need to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder, the hydrogen supply system controller maintains the hydrogen supply shutdown mode. First, it determines whether there is a fault in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and then executes step S3. During the process of adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage cylinder, if the hydrogen supply system controller determines that the hydrogen temperature or hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder is abnormal, it sends a stop filling signal to the hydrogen dispenser through the infrared transmitter to stop adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage cylinder. Then, it closes all the solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and sends the faulty hydrogen storage cylinder number to the fuel cell system controller.

[0018] Step S3: If the fuel cell hydrogen supply system malfunctions, the hydrogen supply system controller sends a fault message to the fuel cell system controller. At this time, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system cannot work normally. If the fuel cell hydrogen supply system does not malfunction, firstly, both the first shut-off valve and the second shut-off valve are opened. Then, according to the requirements of the fuel cell system controller, group hydrogen supply or overall hydrogen supply is selected, and then step S4 is executed.

[0019] Step S4: After the hydrogen supply system controller receives the start command sent by the fuel cell system controller, the hydrogen supply system controller enters the hydrogen supply operation mode; after the hydrogen supply system controller enters the hydrogen supply operation mode, it controls the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank to be transported to the fuel cell system through the high-pressure pipeline.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, steps S3 and S4 further include:

[0021] When the hydrogen supply system controller selects overall hydrogen supply, it determines whether the amount of hydrogen in all hydrogen storage cylinders is sufficient. When it is sufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller sends a message to the fuel cell system controller that hydrogen can be supplied normally.

[0022] Upon receiving the overall hydrogen supply start command from the fuel cell system controller, the hydrogen supply system controller enters the overall hydrogen supply operation mode, opens all hydrogen storage cylinders in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and allows hydrogen from all storage cylinders to be delivered to the fuel cell system through the high-pressure pipeline.

[0023] As a further improvement to the present invention, it also includes:

[0024] During the execution of the overall hydrogen supply operation mode by the hydrogen supply system controller, if the hydrogen storage cylinder in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system malfunctions or the hydrogen quantity in the storage cylinder is insufficient, the malfunctioning storage cylinder will be shut down and an alarm will be triggered.

[0025] As a further improvement of the present invention, steps S3 and S4 further include:

[0026] When the hydrogen supply system controller selects grouped hydrogen supply, it reads the hydrogen storage cylinder number of the last hydrogen supply, and forms a working group with the hydrogen storage cylinder numbers of the last hydrogen supply, and forms a candidate group with the remaining hydrogen storage cylinder numbers, and then determines whether the hydrogen storage cylinder of the last hydrogen supply can continue to supply hydrogen.

[0027] If the hydrogen storage cylinder that was supplied with hydrogen last time can continue to supply hydrogen, the hydrogen supply system controller sends a message to the fuel cell system controller that hydrogen can be supplied normally, and waits for the group hydrogen supply start command from the fuel cell system controller.

[0028] If the hydrogen storage cylinder that was previously supplied with hydrogen cannot continue to supply hydrogen, the hydrogen storage cylinders that can supply hydrogen normally from the backup group are replaced into the working group in order of increasing usage frequency. At the same time, the hydrogen storage cylinders that cannot continue to supply hydrogen in the working group are removed. Then, the hydrogen supply system controller sends a message to the fuel cell system controller that hydrogen can be supplied normally and waits for the group hydrogen supply start command from the fuel cell system controller. If the hydrogen storage cylinders in the backup group cannot supply hydrogen normally, a message is sent to the fuel cell system controller that the hydrogen storage cylinder is faulty and cannot supply hydrogen.

[0029] Upon receiving the group hydrogen supply start command from the fuel cell system controller, the hydrogen supply system controller enters the group hydrogen supply operation mode, opens the hydrogen storage cylinder in the group, and allows the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder in the group to be delivered to the fuel cell system through the high-pressure pipeline.

[0030] As a further improvement to the present invention, it also includes:

[0031] If a hydrogen storage cylinder in a working group malfunctions or the hydrogen supply in the storage cylinder is insufficient during the execution of the grouped hydrogen supply operation mode by the hydrogen supply system controller, the hydrogen supply switching mode will be entered.

[0032] After entering the hydrogen supply switching mode, determine whether the hydrogen storage cylinders in the alternative group are malfunctioning or whether the hydrogen supply is sufficient.

[0033] When a hydrogen storage cylinder in the alternative group malfunctions or the hydrogen supply is insufficient, a message indicating that the hydrogen storage cylinder is malfunctioning or the hydrogen supply is insufficient is sent to the fuel cell system controller, at which point the fuel cell hydrogen supply system shuts down.

[0034] When the hydrogen storage cylinders in the alternative group are not faulty and the hydrogen supply is sufficient, the hydrogen storage cylinders in the alternative group that can supply hydrogen normally are replaced into the working group in order of increasing usage frequency. At the same time, the hydrogen storage cylinders in the working group that can no longer supply hydrogen are removed. Then, the fuel cell system controller is notified to dynamically correct the hydrogen pressure at the front end of the fuel cell system if it is too high or too low, so as to ensure the stability of the hydrogen pressure entering the stack. Then, the hydrogen supply system controller returns to the grouped hydrogen supply operation mode.

[0035] As a further improvement of the present invention, the step of replacing the hydrogen storage cylinders capable of normal hydrogen supply in the alternative group into the working group in order of increasing usage frequency also includes:

[0036] If there are multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses that can supply hydrogen normally in the candidate group, these multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses that can supply hydrogen normally shall be replaced into the working group in ascending order of hydrogen storage cylinder number.

[0037] The positive and progressive effects of this application are as follows: (1) When using grouped hydrogen supply in a multi-cylinder system, the risk of hydrogen leakage can be reduced, the anode hydrogen shortage can be avoided from damaging the fuel cell stack, and the system safety can be improved; (2) When selecting alternative hydrogen cylinders, the cylinders with the lowest cycle count are selected in order of their numbers; when switching hydrogen cylinders, the fluctuation of anode hydrogen pressure is reduced. This scheme can prevent individual hydrogen cylinders from failing before the entire system due to excessive cycle count, avoid the damage to the fuel cell stack caused by excessive anode pressure fluctuations, and improve system reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system provided by the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 A flowchart of the control method for the fuel cell hydrogen supply system provided by the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 The flowchart provided by this invention illustrates the division of working groups and alternative groups under hydrogen supply shutdown mode.

[0041] Figure 4 The execution flowchart of the hydrogen supply switching mode provided by the present invention is shown.

[0042] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 1-Hydrogen filling port; 2-Hydrogen storage cylinder; 3-First shut-off valve; 4-Overflow valve; 5-Needle valve; 6-Pressure reducing valve; 7-Safety valve; 8-Second shut-off valve; 9-Hydrogen concentration sensor; 10-High pressure sensor; 11-Low pressure sensor; 12-Infrared transmitter; 13-Hydrogen supply system controller; 14-Fuel cell system; 15-Fuel cell system controller. Detailed Implementation

[0043] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0044] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of the invention described herein. Furthermore, terms such as "comprising" and "having" mean that in addition to those already listed in "comprising" and "having," other unlisted contents may also be included; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device may include a series of steps or units, not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention is a fuel cell hydrogen supply system. The fuel cell hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen filling port 1, multiple hydrogen storage cylinders 2, a first shut-off valve 3, an overflow valve 4, a needle valve 5, a pressure reducing valve 6, a safety valve 7, a second shut-off valve 8, a hydrogen concentration sensor 9, a high-pressure sensor 10, a low-pressure sensor 11, an infrared emitter 12, and a hydrogen supply system controller 13. The multiple hydrogen storage cylinders 2 are all connected to a fuel cell system 14 via high-pressure pipelines. The first shut-off valve 3, overflow valve 4, needle valve 5, pressure reducing valve 6, safety valve 7, and second shut-off valve 8 are sequentially arranged on the high-pressure pipelines. The hydrogen filling port 1 is connected to the high-pressure pipeline between the hydrogen storage cylinders 2 and the first shut-off valve 3. The hydrogen concentration sensor 9, high-pressure sensor 10, low-pressure sensor 11, and infrared emitter 12 are all electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller 13. The hydrogen supply system controller 13 is also electrically connected to a fuel cell system controller 15, and the fuel cell system controller 15 is electrically connected to the fuel cell system 14.

[0047] When the hydrogen supply system controller 13 determines that hydrogen needs to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, it controls both the first shut-off valve 3 and the second shut-off valve 8 to close, and then controls the hydrogen dispenser's nozzle to add hydrogen to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 through the hydrogen filling port 1.

[0048] When the hydrogen supply system controller 13 determines that no hydrogen needs to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, it controls both the first shut-off valve 3 and the second shut-off valve 8 to open. The hydrogen supply system controller 13 first selects group hydrogen supply or overall hydrogen supply according to the requirements of the fuel cell system controller 15. Then, the fuel cell system controller 15 controls the hydrogen supply system controller 13 to enter the hydrogen supply operation mode. After the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters the hydrogen supply operation mode, it controls the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 to be transported to the fuel cell system 14 through the high-pressure pipeline. The hydrogen supply system controller 13 and the fuel cell system controller 15 jointly control the normal operation of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system.

[0049] Specifically, when the hydrogen supply system controller determines that hydrogen needs to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, the refueling nozzle of the hydrogen dispenser is connected to the hydrogen refueling port 1. The one-way valve inside the hydrogen refueling port 1 prevents hydrogen leakage in the event of a malfunction. The filter inside the hydrogen refueling port 1 filters the hydrogen and intercepts impurities to prevent contamination of the fuel cell stack. The hydrogen storage cylinder 2 is responsible for storing high-pressure (35 or 70 MPa) hydrogen.

[0050] Specifically, the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 is equipped with a cylinder mouth valve 21 and a cylinder tail valve 22 at both ends. The cylinder mouth valve 21 integrates a pressure sensor 211, a temperature sensor 212, a first TPRD, a manual shut-off valve, and a solenoid valve. The pressure sensor 211 is used to monitor the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 to ensure the normal operation of the vehicle. The temperature sensor 212 is used to monitor the hydrogen temperature in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 to determine if there are any abnormalities in the external environment. If the gas temperature suddenly rises sharply, there may be a fire alarm around the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, which can be triggered by the hydrogen supply system controller 13. The first TPRD is used to release the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 in case of overheating protection. The manual shut-off valve and the solenoid valve are used to jointly control the flow of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, which can effectively prevent hydrogen leakage. The cylinder tail valve 22 is a tail plug with a second TPRD.

[0051] It should be noted that TPRD is a thermal pressure relief device.

[0052] Specifically, the overflow valve 4 can limit the flow rate of hydrogen in the high-pressure pipeline when the pressure difference across its two ends is greater than a first set value, thereby preventing the high-pressure pipeline from rupturing unexpectedly.

[0053] Both the first shut-off valve 3 and the second shut-off valve 8 are solenoid valves, which can effectively prevent gas from entering the fuel cell stack when filling the hydrogen storage tank 2.

[0054] The needle valve 5 can be manually opened to release hydrogen when the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell fails; the pressure reducing valve 6 can adjust the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline to the pressure required by the fuel cell system 14; the safety valve 7 can automatically open to release hydrogen when the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline is greater than a second set value, preventing excessively high-pressure hydrogen from flowing into the fuel cell stack and damaging it; wherein, when the hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell fails, the needle valve 5, the pressure reducing valve 6 and the safety valve 7 work together to safely release the residual hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2.

[0055] When the fuel cell hydrogen supply system supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell system 14, the high-pressure sensor 10 and the low-pressure sensor 11 are used to detect the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline respectively. When the hydrogen pressure detected by the high-pressure sensor 10 exceeds the third set value or the hydrogen pressure detected by the low-pressure sensor 11 is lower than the fourth set value, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 closes all the solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and sends the abnormal hydrogen pressure alarm information of the high-pressure pipeline to the fuel cell system controller 15 to request the termination of normal operation. At the same time, an audible and visual alarm prompts the driver to take necessary measures.

[0056] The fuel cell system controller 15 sends a hydrogen refueling command to the hydrogen supply system controller 13. After receiving the hydrogen refueling command, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 controls the hydrogen refueling machine's refueling nozzle to refuel hydrogen into the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 through the hydrogen refueling port 1 via the infrared transmitter 12. During the process of refueling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, the pressure sensor 211 and the temperature sensor 212 transmit the hydrogen pressure and hydrogen temperature in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 to the hydrogen supply system controller 13 in real time via the infrared transmitter 12, so as to realize the hydrogen pressure control and hydrogen temperature control during the hydrogen refueling process.

[0057] The hydrogen concentration sensor 9 is used to detect the hydrogen concentration in the environment surrounding the hydrogen storage cylinder 2. Specifically, the hydrogen concentration sensor 9 can quickly, sensitively, and accurately measure the concentration of hydrogen leaked into the surrounding environment.

[0058] In this embodiment, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 is communicatively connected to the fuel cell system controller 15. It mainly realizes the status monitoring and hydrogen supply control of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system. It integrates functions such as bottle valve control, temperature acquisition, hydrogen concentration acquisition, pressure acquisition, and communication, and transmits the acquired sensor signals, hydrogen supply system controller status, fault information, etc. to the fuel cell system controller 15.

[0059] In this embodiment, the fault types of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system include: cylinder valve fault, pressure reducing valve fault, shut-off valve fault, pipeline fault (leakage or damage), sensor fault (temperature sensor, pressure sensor, hydrogen concentration sensor), infrared transmitter fault, hydrogen supply system controller fault, and over-limit fault (temperature, pressure, hydrogen concentration exceeding limits).

[0060] This embodiment also provides a control method for a fuel cell hydrogen supply system, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the control method of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system includes the following steps:

[0061] Step S1: After the hydrogen supply system controller 13 is powered on, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters the hydrogen supply shutdown mode. Then, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 determines whether hydrogen needs to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2. When it receives a hydrogen addition command from the fuel cell system controller 15, it enters the hydrogen addition mode. The hydrogen supply system controller 13 and the infrared transmitter 12 communicate via CAN.

[0062] Step S2: If hydrogen needs to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters the hydrogen refueling mode. First, it controls both the first shut-off valve 3 and the second shut-off valve 8 to close, and then controls the hydrogen refueling nozzle of the hydrogen refueling machine to add hydrogen to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 through the hydrogen refueling port 1. If hydrogen does not need to be added to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 maintains the hydrogen supply shutdown mode, first determines whether there is a fault in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and then executes step S3.

[0063] During the process of adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, if the hydrogen supply system controller 13 determines that there is an abnormality in the hydrogen temperature or hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, it sends a stop adding signal to the hydrogen dispenser through the infrared transmitter 12 to stop adding hydrogen to the hydrogen storage cylinder 2, and then closes all the solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system and sends the number of the faulty hydrogen storage cylinder to the fuel cell system controller 15.

[0064] It should be noted that after the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters the hydrogen refueling mode, it first checks the fuel cell hydrogen supply system. If there is a fault in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, hydrogen refueling is not allowed. When there is no fault in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, it controls both the first shut-off valve 3 and the second shut-off valve 8 to close, and then hydrogen is refueled through the hydrogen refueling port 1.

[0065] Specifically, the infrared transmitter 12 receives information such as the vehicle refueling process status, vehicle refueling pressure, and hydrogen cylinder temperature from the hydrogen supply system controller 13, and transmits this information to the hydrogen refueling machine via infrared light. During the refueling process, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 continuously monitors for the following faults:

[0066] ① Real-time monitoring of the pressure and pressure change rate inside the hydrogen cylinder to see if they exceed the preset upper and lower limits. If so, a pressure over-limit or pressure abnormality signal is sent.

[0067] ② Real-time monitoring of the temperature inside the hydrogen cylinder and whether the rate of temperature change exceeds the set upper and lower limits; if so, sending a temperature over-limit or temperature abnormality signal.

[0068] ③ Monitor the hydrogen supply system in real time, and send a fault report if a fault is found.

[0069] If any of the above faults occur, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 sends a stop refueling signal to the hydrogen refueling machine via the infrared transmitter 12, closes all solenoid valves, and sends the faulty hydrogen cylinder number to the fuel cell system controller 15.

[0070] Specifically, after all hydrogen cylinders have been filled with hydrogen (for example, when the pressure reaches a preset threshold or the estimated remaining hydrogen volume in the cylinders reaches a preset threshold), the hydrogen supply system controller 13 returns to the hydrogen supply shutdown mode and then reads the status array of all hydrogen cylinders, which includes the following statuses:

[0071] ① Pressure and temperature parameters for each hydrogen storage cylinder;

[0072] ② Fault status of pressure and temperature sensors in each hydrogen storage cylinder;

[0073] ③ Fault status of valves in each hydrogen storage cylinder;

[0074] ④ Estimation of remaining gas volume in each hydrogen storage cylinder. The specific estimation of remaining gas volume in each hydrogen storage cylinder is as follows:

[0075] The basic value of the remaining gas volume in each hydrogen storage cylinder is obtained by looking up the table based on the temperature and pressure of each cylinder. After applying the remaining gas volume correction factor (corresponding to the real-time temperature of the hydrogen storage cylinder), the final remaining gas volume in the hydrogen storage cylinder is obtained. Alternatively, the remaining gas volume in the hydrogen supply cylinder can be estimated in real-time according to the gas state equation based on the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen storage cylinder.

[0076] If one or more hydrogen storage cylinders have a safety-related malfunction (such as abnormal pressure, abnormal temperature, or leakage), or if all hydrogen storage cylinders have insufficient gas volume, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 will send a serious fault status, and the fuel cell hydrogen supply system will not be able to work properly.

[0077] After confirming the hydrogen cylinder status, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 selects the hydrogen supply method according to the requirements of the fuel cell system controller 15: overall hydrogen supply or group hydrogen supply. Specifically, a single-cylinder hydrogen supply system uses overall hydrogen supply, while a multi-cylinder hydrogen supply system uses either overall or group hydrogen supply. During overall hydrogen supply, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 opens all normal hydrogen cylinders after receiving the start command from the fuel cell system controller 15. During group hydrogen supply, the working group hydrogen cylinders and backup group hydrogen cylinders are selected.

[0078] Step S3: If the fuel cell hydrogen supply system malfunctions, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 sends a fault message to the fuel cell system controller 15. At this time, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system cannot work normally. If the fuel cell hydrogen supply system does not malfunction, the first shut-off valve 3 and the second shut-off valve 8 are opened first. Then, according to the requirements of the fuel cell system controller 15, group hydrogen supply or overall hydrogen supply is selected, and then step S4 is executed.

[0079] Step S4: After receiving the start command from the fuel cell system controller 15, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters the hydrogen supply operation mode. Once in this mode, it controls the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 2 to be supplied to the fuel cell system 14 through the high-pressure pipeline, and monitors the status of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system in real time. During the execution of the hydrogen supply operation mode, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 monitors the fuel cell hydrogen supply system in real time. If a fault occurs in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, appropriate measures are taken based on the severity of the fault.

[0080] It should be noted that during the execution of the hydrogen supply operation mode, if a safety-related fault occurs (abnormal hydrogen cylinder pressure, abnormal hydrogen cylinder temperature, abnormal pipeline pressure, hydrogen leakage, etc.), the hydrogen supply system controller 13 transmits the fault type to the fuel cell system controller 15, and the entire fuel cell hydrogen supply system prepares to shut down. If there is no safety-related fault, the hydrogen supply time of all hydrogen cylinders is continuously monitored during the hydrogen supply operation mode. Specifically, during the hydrogen supply operation mode, the hydrogen cylinders in the workgroup are continuously updated, as follows:

[0081] ① Eliminate hydrogen cylinders with safety-related malfunctions;

[0082] ② Exclude hydrogen cylinders with a hydrogen supply time below a preset threshold;

[0083] ③With priority given to selecting the hydrogen cylinder with the fewest uses, replace the hydrogen cylinders in the working group with alternative hydrogen cylinders in the order of their numbers.

[0084] It should be noted that in hydrogen supply operation mode, the system continuously receives the actual operating current of the fuel cell stack from the fuel cell system controller 15. Based on the actual current of the fuel cell stack, the pressure and temperature in the hydrogen tanks, the hydrogen supply time for each hydrogen tank is estimated, as follows:

[0085] ① Calculate the gas consumption of each hydrogen cylinder: The gas consumption of the hydrogen cylinder that is currently supplying hydrogen is calculated based on the actual current of the fuel cell stack, and the gas consumption of the remaining hydrogen cylinders is 0.

[0086] ② Calculate the remaining gas volume of each hydrogen cylinder: Calculate the remaining gas volume of each hydrogen cylinder using the pressure and temperature of each hydrogen cylinder;

[0087] ③Based on the gas consumption and remaining amount in each hydrogen cylinder, the predicted duration of each hydrogen cylinder can be obtained.

[0088] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, steps S3 and S4 further include:

[0089] When the hydrogen supply system controller 13 selects overall hydrogen supply, it determines whether the amount of hydrogen in all hydrogen storage cylinders 2 is sufficient. When it is sufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 sends information that hydrogen can be supplied normally to the fuel cell system controller 15.

[0090] Upon receiving the overall hydrogen supply start command sent by the fuel cell system controller 15, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters the overall hydrogen supply operation mode, opens all hydrogen storage cylinders 2 in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and allows the hydrogen in all hydrogen storage cylinders 2 to be transported to the fuel cell system 14 through the high-pressure pipeline.

[0091] Preferably, it further includes:

[0092] During the execution of the overall hydrogen supply operation mode by the hydrogen supply system controller 13, if a hydrogen storage cylinder in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system malfunctions or the hydrogen quantity in the storage cylinder is insufficient, the malfunctioning storage cylinder will be shut down and an alarm will be triggered. If the hydrogen supply time from all hydrogen cylinders is less than a preset threshold, a low remaining gas quantity fault will be sent to the fuel cell system controller 15.

[0093] Preferably, such as Figure 3 As shown, steps S3 and S4 further include:

[0094] When the hydrogen supply system controller 13 selects grouped hydrogen supply, it reads the number of the hydrogen storage cylinder that was supplied last time and forms a working group with the numbers of the hydrogen storage cylinders that were supplied last time. At this time, the number of cylinders in the working group m≥2, and the remaining hydrogen storage cylinder numbers form a candidate group (if the number of cylinders in the candidate group is less than m, the cylinders in the candidate group are also added to the working group). Then it is determined whether the hydrogen storage cylinder that was supplied last time can continue to supply hydrogen.

[0095] If the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 that was supplied with hydrogen last time can continue to supply hydrogen, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 sends information that hydrogen can be supplied normally to the fuel cell system controller 15, and waits for the group hydrogen supply start command from the fuel cell system controller 15.

[0096] If the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 that was previously supplied with hydrogen cannot continue to supply hydrogen (e.g., the remaining gas volume is too low), the hydrogen storage cylinders that can supply hydrogen normally in the alternative group are replaced into the working group in order of the number of times they have been used, from least to most. At the same time, the hydrogen storage cylinders that cannot continue to supply hydrogen in the working group are removed. Then, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 sends a hydrogen supply information message to the fuel cell system controller 15, indicating that it can supply hydrogen normally, and waits for the group hydrogen supply start command from the fuel cell system controller 15. If the hydrogen storage cylinders in the alternative group cannot supply hydrogen normally, a hydrogen storage cylinder fault information message is sent to the fuel cell system controller 15 indicating that it cannot supply hydrogen.

[0097] It should be noted that when multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses and normal hydrogen supply capability exist in the candidate group, these multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses and normal hydrogen supply capability will be replaced into the working group in ascending order of their hydrogen storage cylinder numbers. If the hydrogen storage cylinder with the highest number has already been replaced into the working group, the process will restart from hydrogen storage cylinder number 1.

[0098] It should be noted that, in order to ensure that each hydrogen cylinder is used an equal number of times and to avoid premature failure due to excessive usage of individual hydrogen cylinders, a counter is used to record the number of times each hydrogen cylinder is used. Under the premise of prioritizing the hydrogen cylinder with the fewest uses, the hydrogen cylinders in the working group are replaced with alternative hydrogen cylinders in the order of their numbers.

[0099] The advantages of selecting hydrogen supply cylinders using the above method are as follows:

[0100] First, select the number of hydrogen cylinders according to the actual needs of the vehicle to avoid opening all cylinder valves at the same time for a long time, thereby reducing system power consumption and the risk of hydrogen leakage.

[0101] Secondly, to avoid momentary hydrogen shortage when switching to the next hydrogen cylinder in the event of a single hydrogen cylinder failure, which could cause the fuel cell stack to run out of hydrogen and reverse polarity.

[0102] Upon receiving the group hydrogen supply start command sent by the fuel cell system controller 15, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters the group hydrogen supply operation mode, opens the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 in the group, and allows the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinder 2 in the group to be transported to the fuel cell system 14 through the high-pressure pipeline.

[0103] Preferably, such as Figure 4 As shown, it also includes:

[0104] During the process of the hydrogen supply system controller 13 executing the group hydrogen supply operation mode, if the hydrogen storage cylinder in the working group malfunctions or the hydrogen storage cylinder has insufficient hydrogen, the hydrogen supply switching mode will be entered.

[0105] After entering the hydrogen supply switching mode, determine whether the hydrogen storage cylinders in the alternative group are malfunctioning or whether the hydrogen supply is sufficient.

[0106] When a hydrogen storage cylinder in the alternative group malfunctions or the hydrogen supply is insufficient, a message indicating a malfunction or insufficient hydrogen supply is sent to the fuel cell system controller 15. Upon receiving a shutdown command from the fuel cell system controller 15, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 enters a hydrogen supply shutdown mode, closing all solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, at which point the fuel cell hydrogen supply system shuts down. During the power-down process, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 stores the information of the current working group for retrieval upon the next power-up.

[0107] When the hydrogen storage cylinders in the alternative group are not faulty and the hydrogen supply is sufficient, the hydrogen storage cylinders in the alternative group that can supply hydrogen normally are replaced into the working group in order of increasing usage frequency. At the same time, the hydrogen storage cylinders in the working group that can no longer supply hydrogen are removed. Then, the fuel cell system controller 15 is notified to dynamically correct the hydrogen pressure at the front end of the fuel cell system 14 if it is too high or too low, so as to ensure the stability of the hydrogen pressure entering the stack. Then, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 returns to the grouped hydrogen supply operation mode.

[0108] It should be noted that in the hydrogen supply switching mode, if no alternative hydrogen cylinder is available, a low remaining gas volume fault is sent to the fuel cell system controller 15; otherwise, the selected alternative hydrogen cylinder is opened, and after a delay, the hydrogen cylinder awaiting replacement in the work group is shut down. Before the switch, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 notifies the fuel cell system controller 15 that a switch is imminent for the working hydrogen cylinder. The hydrogen supply system controller 13 sends a pressure fluctuation flag and the internal pressure of the hydrogen cylinder before and after the switch. The fuel cell system controller 15 uses preset control parameters to reduce pressure fluctuations: based on the internal pressure of the hydrogen cylinder before and after the switch, it looks up the calibrated hydrogen injector duty cycle correction value in a table and controls the hydrogen injector. When the hydrogen pressure fluctuation returns to normal, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 returns to the hydrogen supply operation mode.

[0109] The advantages of switching hydrogen cylinders using the above method are as follows:

[0110] Firstly, it addresses the pressure fluctuation issue during hydrogen cylinder switching.

[0111] Secondly, it prevents a hydrogen cylinder from failing prematurely due to excessive use.

[0112] After the hydrogen cylinder switching is completed, the hydrogen supply system controller 13 returns to the hydrogen supply operation mode and continues to supply hydrogen to the system, while monitoring all components of the hydrogen supply system in real time.

[0113] It should be noted that in manual mode, all solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system can be opened or closed via the fuel cell system controller 15, facilitating operation during malfunctions and maintenance.

[0114] It should be noted that the step of replacing the hydrogen storage cylinders capable of normal hydrogen supply from the candidate group into the working group in order of increasing usage frequency also includes:

[0115] If there are multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses that can supply hydrogen normally in the candidate group, these multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses that can supply hydrogen normally shall be replaced into the working group in ascending order of hydrogen storage cylinder number.

[0116] In this embodiment of the invention, (1) after the hydrogen supply system controller is powered on, the hydrogen supply method is selected according to the requirements of the fuel cell system controller. Overall hydrogen supply is used when the total number of cylinders is small and the hydrogen flow rate does not meet the maximum power hydrogen consumption when grouping. Grouped hydrogen supply divides the hydrogen cylinders into working groups and alternative groups, which is used when the total number of cylinders is large. It can avoid opening all cylinder valves at the same time, reducing system power consumption and the risk of hydrogen leakage. (2) After the system is powered on, if the gas volume of the previous working group is insufficient, the alternative hydrogen cylinder is included in the working group. After receiving the start command from the fuel cell system controller, the hydrogen supply system controller opens the cylinder valve to start supplying hydrogen. When supplying hydrogen, if the hydrogen cylinder in the current working group has insufficient gas volume or malfunction, the alternative hydrogen cylinder is opened first, and the malfunctioning hydrogen cylinder is closed after a delay to avoid instantaneous insufficient hydrogen supply during switching, which may cause the stack to fail due to insufficient hydrogen. (3) When selecting alternative hydrogen cylinders, they are selected from the alternative groups according to the order of hydrogen cylinder numbers. The hydrogen cylinder with the lowest number of cycles is selected first to avoid individual hydrogen cylinders having too many cycles and failing before the entire system. (4) When switching hydrogen cylinders, based on the control of the switching time, the hydrogen system controller provides the internal pressure of the hydrogen cylinders before and after the switching to assist the fuel cell stack system in anode pressure control and avoid anode pressure fluctuations from damaging the fuel cell stack.

[0117] This invention provides a control method for a fuel cell hydrogen supply system, dividing the system control into five modes: hydrogen refueling mode, hydrogen supply shutdown mode, hydrogen supply operation mode, hydrogen supply switching mode, and manual mode. This enables functions such as normal operation, fault monitoring, hydrogen cylinder selection, hydrogen cylinder switching, and hydrogen refueling. The hydrogen refueling mode controls the hydrogen refueling process, while the three hydrogen supply modes control the supply of hydrogen to the fuel cell. The manual mode controls the solenoid valves in the system during faults, maintenance, or other special circumstances. In manual mode, the solenoid valves can be manually controlled. After power-on, the system enters the hydrogen supply shutdown mode. When no hydrogen is being refueled, the working hydrogen cylinder is selected, choosing between overall hydrogen supply or group hydrogen supply as required. Overall hydrogen supply is used when the total number of cylinders is insufficient for grouping. Group hydrogen supply divides the hydrogen cylinders into working groups and backup groups, used when the total number of cylinders is large. During group hydrogen supply, if the current working hydrogen cylinder has insufficient gas or malfunctions, the system enters the hydrogen supply switching mode, selecting from the backup hydrogen cylinders for switching according to sequence and priority. Simultaneously, the hydrogen supply system controller notifies the fuel cell system controller to control the anode hydrogen pressure fluctuations generated during switching. This solution can reduce system power consumption and the risk of hydrogen leakage, avoid damage to the fuel cell stack due to insufficient hydrogen at the anode or excessive pressure fluctuations, prevent excessive cycling of individual hydrogen cylinders, and improve system safety and reliability.

[0118] This invention provides a control method for a fuel cell hydrogen supply system, which divides the control of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system into multiple modes to realize functions such as normal operation, fault monitoring, hydrogen cylinder selection, hydrogen cylinder switching, and hydrogen refueling, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the system. In manual mode, the solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system can be manually controlled. After power-on, the fuel cell hydrogen supply system enters a hydrogen supply shutdown mode. When no hydrogen is being added, the working hydrogen cylinder is selected, and overall hydrogen supply or group hydrogen supply is selected according to requirements. During group hydrogen supply, if the current working hydrogen cylinder has insufficient gas or malfunctions, the hydrogen supply switching mode is entered, and the system selects and switches from the alternative hydrogen cylinders according to sequence and priority. At the same time, the hydrogen supply system controller TCU notifies the fuel cell system controller FCU to control the anode hydrogen pressure fluctuations generated during hydrogen supply switching.

[0119] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary implementations used to illustrate the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell, characterized by comprising: The fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprises a hydrogen filling port (1), a plurality of hydrogen storage cylinders (2), a first shut-off valve (3), an overflow valve (4), a needle valve (5), a pressure reducing valve (6), a safety valve (7), a second shut-off valve (8), a hydrogen concentration sensor (9), a high pressure sensor (10), a low pressure sensor (11), an infrared emitter (12) and a hydrogen supply system controller (13), the plurality of hydrogen storage cylinders (2) are connected with a fuel cell system (14) through high pressure pipelines, the first shut-off valve (3), the overflow valve (4), the needle valve (5), the pressure reducing valve (6), the safety valve (7) and the second shut-off valve (8) are sequentially arranged on the high pressure pipelines, the hydrogen filling port (1) is connected on the high pressure pipeline between the hydrogen storage cylinder (2) and the first shut-off valve (3), the hydrogen concentration sensor (9), the high pressure sensor (10), the low pressure sensor (11) and the infrared emitter (12) are electrically connected with the hydrogen supply system controller (13), the hydrogen supply system controller (13) is further electrically connected with a fuel cell system controller (15), the fuel cell system controller (15) is electrically connected with the fuel cell system (14); wherein, When the hydrogen supply system controller (13) judges that the hydrogen storage cylinders (2) need to be filled with hydrogen, the first shut-off valve (3) and the second shut-off valve (8) are both controlled to be closed, and then the hydrogen filling gun of the hydrogen filling machine is controlled to fill the hydrogen storage cylinders (2) with hydrogen through the hydrogen filling port (1); When the hydrogen supply system controller (13) judges that the hydrogen storage cylinders (2) do not need to be filled with hydrogen, the first shut-off valve (3) and the second shut-off valve (8) are both controlled to be opened, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) first selects group hydrogen supply or overall hydrogen supply according to the requirement of the fuel cell system controller (15); then the fuel cell system controller (15) controls the hydrogen supply system controller (13) to enter a hydrogen supply operation mode, and when the hydrogen supply system controller (13) enters the hydrogen supply operation mode, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage cylinders (2) is controlled to be delivered to the fuel cell system (14) through the high pressure pipelines; wherein, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) and the fuel cell system controller (15) jointly control the normal operation of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system.

2. The hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell as defined in claim 1, wherein When the hydrogen supply system controller judges that the hydrogen storage cylinders (2) need to be filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen filling gun of the hydrogen filling machine is connected with the hydrogen filling port (1), the one-way valve inside the hydrogen filling port (1) can prevent hydrogen from leaking outwards when the hydrogen filling port (1) is damaged, and the filter inside the hydrogen filling port (1) is responsible for filtering hydrogen.

3. The hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell as claimed in claim 1, wherein The hydrogen storage bottle (2) is provided with a bottle mouth valve (21) and a bottle tail valve (22) at two ends respectively, the bottle mouth valve (21) is integrated with a pressure sensor (211), a temperature sensor (212), a first TPRD, a manual stop valve and a solenoid valve, the pressure sensor (211) is used for monitoring the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle (2), the temperature sensor (212) is used for monitoring the hydrogen temperature in the hydrogen storage bottle (2), the first TPRD is used for releasing the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle (2) when overheat protection, and the manual stop valve and the solenoid valve are used for jointly controlling the on-off of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle (2); the bottle tail valve (22) is a tail plug with a second TPRD.

4. The hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell as defined in claim 3, wherein The overcurrent valve (4) can limit the hydrogen flow in the high-pressure pipeline when the pressure difference at both ends is greater than a first set value; The needle valve (5) can manually open to discharge hydrogen when the fuel cell hydrogen supply system fails; The pressure reducing valve (6) can adjust the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline to the required pressure of the fuel cell system (14); the safety valve (7) can automatically open to discharge hydrogen when the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline is greater than a second set value; wherein, when the fuel cell hydrogen supply system fails, the needle valve (5), the pressure reducing valve (6) and the safety valve (7) are linked to safely vent the residual hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle (2); When the fuel cell hydrogen supply system supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell system (14), the high-pressure sensor (10) and the low-pressure sensor (11) are used to detect the hydrogen pressure in the high-pressure pipeline respectively, when the hydrogen pressure detected by the high-pressure sensor (10) exceeds a third set value or the hydrogen pressure detected by the low-pressure sensor (11) is lower than a fourth set value, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) closes all solenoid valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and sends the hydrogen pressure abnormality alarm information of the high-pressure pipeline to the fuel cell system controller (15), and simultaneously performs audible and light alarm prompt; The fuel cell system controller (15) sends a hydrogen filling instruction to the hydrogen supply system controller (13), and the hydrogen supply system controller (13) controls the hydrogen filling gun of the hydrogen filling machine to fill hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle (2) through the hydrogen filling port (1) after receiving the hydrogen filling instruction; wherein, during the process of filling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle (2), the pressure sensor (211) and the temperature sensor (212) transmit the hydrogen pressure and hydrogen temperature in the hydrogen storage bottle (2) to the hydrogen supply system controller (13) in real time through the infrared emitter (12), so as to realize hydrogen pressure control and hydrogen temperature control during the process of filling hydrogen; The hydrogen concentration sensor (9) is used for detecting the hydrogen concentration in the environment around the hydrogen storage bottle (2).

5. A control method of a hydrogen supply system for a fuel cell as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by, The control method of the fuel cell hydrogen supply system comprises the following steps: Step S1: After the hydrogen supply system controller (13) is powered on, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) enters a hydrogen supply shutdown mode, and then the hydrogen supply system controller (13) determines whether the hydrogen storage bottle (2) needs to be filled with hydrogen; Step S2: If the hydrogen storage bottle (2) needs to be filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) enters a hydrogen filling mode, first controls the first shut-off valve (3) and the second shut-off valve (8) to be closed, and then controls the hydrogen filling gun of the hydrogen filling machine to fill hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle (2) through the hydrogen filling port (1); if the hydrogen storage bottle (2) does not need to be filled with hydrogen, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) remains in the hydrogen supply shutdown mode, first determines whether the fuel cell hydrogen supply system has a fault, and then performs step S3; wherein, during the process of filling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle (2), when the hydrogen supply system controller (13) determines that the hydrogen temperature or hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage bottle (2) is abnormal, it sends a stop filling signal to the hydrogen filling machine through the infrared emitter (12) to stop filling hydrogen into the hydrogen storage bottle (2), then closes all electromagnetic valves in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, and sends the number of the faulty hydrogen storage bottle to the fuel cell system controller (15); Step S3: If the fuel cell hydrogen supply system has a fault, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) sends a fault message to the fuel cell system controller (15), at which time the fuel cell hydrogen supply system cannot work normally; if the fuel cell hydrogen supply system has no fault, first control the first shut-off valve (3) and the second shut-off valve (8) to be opened, then select group hydrogen supply or whole hydrogen supply according to the requirements of the fuel cell system controller (15), and then perform step S4; Step S4: After the hydrogen supply system controller (13) receives the start instruction sent by the fuel cell system controller (15), the hydrogen supply system controller (13) enters a hydrogen supply running mode; after the hydrogen supply system controller (13) enters the hydrogen supply running mode, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle (2) is controlled to be delivered to the fuel cell system (14) through the high-pressure pipeline.

6. The control method of a fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 5, characterized by, In steps S3 and S4, further comprising: When the hydrogen supply system controller (13) selects whole hydrogen supply, it determines whether the hydrogen amount in all hydrogen storage bottles (2) is sufficient, and when it is sufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) sends normal hydrogen supply information to the fuel cell system controller (15); After receiving the whole hydrogen supply start instruction sent by the fuel cell system controller (15), the hydrogen supply system controller (13) enters a whole hydrogen supply running mode, opens all hydrogen storage bottles (2) in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system, so that the hydrogen in all hydrogen storage bottles (2) is delivered to the fuel cell system (14) through the high-pressure pipeline.

7. The control method of a fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 6, characterized by, Further comprising: In the process that the hydrogen supply system controller (13) executes the whole hydrogen supply mode, if the hydrogen storage bottle in the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is out of order or the hydrogen amount in the hydrogen storage bottle is insufficient, the hydrogen storage bottle that is out of order is closed and an alarm is given.

8. The control method of a fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 5, characterized by, The step S3 and step S4 further comprise: When the hydrogen supply system controller (13) selects the group hydrogen supply, the number of the hydrogen storage bottle that supplies hydrogen last time is read, and the number of the hydrogen storage bottle that supplies hydrogen last time is grouped into a working group, and the rest of the number of the hydrogen storage bottle is grouped into a standby group, and then it is judged whether the hydrogen storage bottle that supplies hydrogen last time can continue to supply hydrogen; If the hydrogen storage bottle (2) that supplies hydrogen last time can continue to supply hydrogen, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) sends normal hydrogen supply information to the fuel cell system controller (15), and waits for the group hydrogen supply start instruction of the fuel cell system controller (15); If the hydrogen storage bottle (2) that supplies hydrogen last time cannot continue to supply hydrogen, the hydrogen storage bottle that can normally supply hydrogen in the standby group is replaced into the working group in the order from less to more use frequency, and the hydrogen storage bottle that cannot continue to supply hydrogen in the working group is removed, and then the hydrogen supply system controller (13) sends normal hydrogen supply information to the fuel cell system controller (15), and waits for the group hydrogen supply start instruction of the fuel cell system controller (15); wherein, if the hydrogen storage bottle in the standby group cannot normally supply hydrogen, the fuel cell system controller (15) is sent hydrogen storage bottle failure information that cannot supply hydrogen; When the group hydrogen supply start instruction sent by the fuel cell system controller (15) is received, the hydrogen supply system controller (13) enters the group hydrogen supply mode, and opens the hydrogen storage bottle (2) in the working group, so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage bottle (2) in the working group is delivered to the fuel cell system (14) through the high-pressure pipeline.

9. The control method of a fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 8, characterized by, Further comprising: In the process that the hydrogen supply system controller (13) executes the group hydrogen supply mode, if the hydrogen storage bottle in the working group is out of order or the hydrogen amount in the hydrogen storage bottle is insufficient, the hydrogen supply switching mode is entered; After the hydrogen supply switching mode is entered, it is judged whether the hydrogen storage bottle in the standby group is out of order or the hydrogen amount is sufficient; When the hydrogen storage bottle in the standby group is out of order or the hydrogen amount is insufficient, the hydrogen storage bottle failure information or the hydrogen amount insufficient information is sent to the fuel cell system controller (15), and at this time the fuel cell hydrogen supply system is stopped; When the hydrogen storage bottle in the standby group is not out of order and the hydrogen amount is sufficient, the hydrogen storage bottle that can normally supply hydrogen in the standby group is replaced into the working group in the order from less to more use frequency, and the hydrogen storage bottle that cannot continue to supply hydrogen in the working group is removed, and then the fuel cell system controller (15) is informed to dynamically correct the hydrogen pressure that is too high or too low at the front end of the fuel cell system (14) to ensure the stability of the hydrogen pressure into the stack; and then the hydrogen supply system controller (13) returns to the group hydrogen supply mode.

10. The control method of a fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 9, characterized by, The method further comprises: When there are multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses in the alternative group, the multiple hydrogen storage cylinders with the same number of uses are replaced into the working group in order of hydrogen storage cylinder number from small to large.

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