Perovskite cell module and preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module and electric equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a perovskite battery assembly and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic assembly and electric equipment, and relates to the field of batteries. The perovskite battery assembly comprises a first substrate, a perovskite battery function layer, a second substrate and a lens structure. Because the perovskite light absorption layer in the perovskite cell function layer is light-absorbing and light-proof, an opening can be formed in the perovskite light absorption layer in order to realize a transparent effect of the perovskite cell assembly. Meanwhile, the light passing through the opening can be diffused by the lens structure, and the transparency of the perovskite battery assembly is improved through human eye illusion, so that the perovskite battery assembly can be applied to transparent products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a perovskite battery component and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic component, and electrical equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern industry, global energy shortage and environmental pollution problems are becoming increasingly prominent. As an ideal renewable energy source, solar cells are receiving more and more attention.

[0003] In the related technologies, perovskite cells have the advantages of high photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost and environmentally friendly materials, and are gradually becoming a popular solar cell and a key development direction of the photovoltaic cell industry. Among them, the perovskite cell assembly includes a first substrate, a perovskite cell functional layer, and a second substrate stacked in sequence.

[0004] However, the transparency of perovskite battery components is poor, which is not conducive to their application in transparent products. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a perovskite battery assembly and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic assembly, and an electrical device, which can solve the problem of poor transparency of the perovskite battery assembly in the related art. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In one aspect, a perovskite battery assembly is provided, the perovskite battery assembly comprising:

[0007] a first substrate;

[0008] A perovskite battery functional layer, the perovskite battery functional layer is located on one side of the first substrate, the perovskite battery functional layer comprises a first electrode layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer and a second electrode layer, and the perovskite light absorbing layer has an opening;

[0009] A second substrate, the second substrate is located on a side of the perovskite cell functional layer away from the first substrate;

[0010] and a lens structure, wherein the lens structure is located on one side of the first substrate, the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening on the first substrate, and the lens structure is used to diverge the light passing through the opening.

[0011] Optionally, the lens structure is a concave lens.

[0012] Optionally, the lens structure is located on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate, and the lens structure is located in the opening; the perovskite battery assembly further comprises: a morphology control structure located on one side of the first substrate and on a side of the lens structure close to the first substrate;

[0013] The surface of the morphology control structure away from the first substrate is convex toward the surface away from the first substrate, the surface of the lens structure close to the first substrate and the surface of the morphology control structure away from the first substrate cooperate with each other, and the surface of the lens structure away from the first substrate is concave toward the surface close to the first substrate.

[0014] Optionally, the refractive index of the lens structure is greater than the refractive index of the morphology control structure.

[0015] Optionally, the refractive index of the morphology control structure is greater than 1.5 and less than or equal to 1.6, and the refractive index of the lens structure is greater than 1.6.

[0016] Optionally, a maximum distance between a side of the lens structure away from the first substrate and the first substrate is less than or equal to a distance between a side of the second electrode layer away from the first substrate and the first substrate.

[0017] Optionally, the perovskite cell functional layer further includes: a hole transport layer located between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer located between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the second electrode layer;

[0018] The maximum height of the morphology control structure is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer, and less than or equal to the thickness of the hole transport layer;

[0019] The maximum height of the lens structure is greater than or equal to the sum of the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer, the thickness of the electron transport layer and the thickness of the second electrode layer, and is less than or equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer, the sum of the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer, the thickness of the electron transport layer and the thickness of the second electrode layer.

[0020] Optionally, the second substrate includes a first surface and a second surface that are arranged opposite to each other, and the perovskite battery assembly further includes a morphology control structure located on the first surface of the second substrate; the lens structure is located on a side of the morphology control structure away from the second substrate;

[0021] The surface of the shape control structure away from the second surface is convex away from the second surface, the surface of the lens structure close to the second substrate and the surface of the shape control structure away from the second surface cooperate with each other, and the surface of the lens structure away from the second substrate is concave toward the surface close to the second substrate;

[0022] The first surface is closer to the first substrate than the second surface, or the second surface is closer to the first surface than the first surface.

[0023] Optionally, the first surface of the second substrate has a groove, and the groove near the bottom surface of the second surface constitutes the morphology control structure; or, the morphology control structure is arranged independently of the second substrate.

[0024] Optionally, the perovskite battery functional layer includes a plurality of first scribe lines, a plurality of second scribe lines and a plurality of third scribe lines, and the third scribe lines are reused as the openings; the plurality of first scribe lines, the plurality of second scribe lines and the plurality of third scribe lines divide the perovskite battery functional layer into a plurality of electrically connected battery cells;

[0025] The first electrode layer includes first electrodes of a plurality of battery cells divided by the plurality of first scribe lines;

[0026] The second scribe line is at least located in the perovskite light absorbing layer, and each of the second scribe lines exposes a portion of the first electrode of one of the battery cells;

[0027] The second electrode layer includes second electrodes of a plurality of battery cells divided by the plurality of third scribe lines;

[0028] Among the two adjacent and electrically connected battery cells, the second electrode of one battery cell is electrically connected to the first electrode of the other battery cell through the second scribe line.

[0029] On the other hand, a method for preparing a perovskite battery assembly is provided, the method comprising:

[0030] Forming a perovskite cell functional layer on one side of the first substrate, the perovskite cell functional layer comprising a first electrode layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and a second electrode layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the second electrode layer having openings;

[0031] forming a lens structure, wherein the lens structure is located on one side of the first substrate, the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening on the first substrate, and the lens structure is used to diverge the light passing through the opening;

[0032] A second substrate is formed, where the second substrate is located on a side of the perovskite cell functional layer away from the first substrate.

[0033] In yet another aspect, a photovoltaic module is provided, the photovoltaic module comprising: a plurality of perovskite cell modules as described in the above aspects;

[0034] The plurality of perovskite battery components are connected in series or in parallel.

[0035] In another aspect, an electrical device is provided, the electrical device comprising: an electrical device, and the perovskite battery assembly as described in the above aspect;

[0036] Wherein, the perovskite battery assembly is connected to the electrical device, and the perovskite battery assembly is used to supply power to the electrical device.

[0037] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by this application include at least:

[0038] The present application provides a perovskite battery assembly and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic assembly, and an electrical device. The perovskite battery assembly includes a first substrate, a perovskite battery functional layer, a second substrate, and a lens structure. Since the perovskite light-absorbing layer in the perovskite battery functional layer is light-absorbing and opaque, an opening can be provided in the perovskite light-absorbing layer in order to achieve a transparent effect for the perovskite battery assembly. At the same time, the light passing through the opening can be diverged by the lens structure, and the effect of increasing the transparency of the perovskite battery assembly is achieved through the illusion of the human eye, so that the perovskite battery assembly can be applied to transparent products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of a perovskite battery assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 2 is a light path diagram of a light beam provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another perovskite battery assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a morphology control structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a morphology control structure and a lens structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another morphology control structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another morphology control structure and lens structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another perovskite battery assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Fig. 9 is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of another perovskite battery assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Fig.10 It is a flow chart of a method for preparing a perovskite battery assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of forming a functional layer of a perovskite battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of forming a morphology control structure provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of forming a lens structure provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0054] The application directions of transparent perovskite battery modules mainly include the following areas: 1. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV): transparent perovskite battery modules can be integrated into the windows, exterior walls and roofs of buildings, providing electricity while maintaining the beauty of the building. This technology allows buildings to generate energy themselves and reduce dependence on external energy. 2. Photovoltaic smart windows: transparent perovskite battery modules can be applied to smart windows, which can adjust the transmittance as needed and convert the absorbed solar energy into electrical energy, achieving the dual functions of energy saving and power generation. 3. Laminated solar cells: transparent perovskite battery modules can be combined with other types of solar cells (such as silicon-based cells) to form a laminated structure, improve the overall photoelectric conversion efficiency, and break through the theoretical efficiency limit of single-junction solar cells. 4. Flexible and wearable devices: Due to the flexibility of perovskite materials, transparent perovskite battery modules can be used to manufacture bendable solar cells, which are suitable for wearable devices and other flexible electronic devices. 5. Automotive integration (CIPV): transparent perovskite battery modules can be integrated into the windows or sunroofs of cars to provide additional power for the vehicle, or as an auxiliary power source for electric vehicles. 6. Indoor lighting and display devices: The transparent properties of transparent perovskite cell components also make them suitable for indoor lighting devices and display technologies, such as smart windows or displays.

[0055] In order to increase the transparency of transparent perovskite cell components, it is necessary to reduce the area where the cell effectively absorbs light to a certain extent. This is because increased transparency usually means allowing more light to pass through the cell instead of being absorbed by the cell. However, reducing the area where the cell effectively absorbs light will lead to lower cell efficiency, so how to balance cell efficiency and transparency is an important issue.

[0056] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of a perovskite battery assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 1 The perovskite cell assembly 100 includes: a first substrate 101 , a perovskite cell functional layer 102 , a second substrate 103 and a lens structure 104 .

[0057] The perovskite cell functional layer 102 is located on one side of the first substrate 101. The perovskite cell functional layer 102 includes a first electrode layer 1021, a perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 and a second electrode layer 1023. The perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 and the second electrode layer 1023 have an opening K.

[0058] Optionally, the color of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 is related to the thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022. For example, the thicker the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022, the darker the color of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022, and the thinner the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022, the lighter the color of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022.

[0059] Optionally, when the thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 is in the range of 400 nm (nanometers) to 500 nm, the color of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 is black; when the thickness of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 is approximately 200 nm, the color of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 is yellow-brown.

[0060] Generally, the darker the color of the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, the higher the light absorption efficiency of the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, and thus the higher the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery assembly 100. However, the darker the color of the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, the less conducive it is to achieve a transparent effect. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, an opening K is provided in the perovskite light absorption layer 1022 and the second electrode layer 1023, so that light can pass through the opening K, effectively improving the transparent effect.

[0061] In order to further improve the transparency of the opening K, the lens structure 104 is located on one side of the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the lens structure 104 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the opening K on the first substrate 101. The lens structure 104 can be used to diverge the light passing through the opening K, causing an illusion to the human eye and increasing the transparency of the perovskite battery assembly 100.

[0062] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery assembly, which includes a first substrate, a perovskite battery functional layer, a second substrate and a lens structure. Since the perovskite light-absorbing layer in the perovskite battery functional layer is light-absorbing and not light-transmissive, in order to achieve a transparent effect for the perovskite battery assembly, an opening can be set in the perovskite light-absorbing layer. At the same time, the light passing through the opening can be diverged by the lens structure, and the effect of increasing the transparency of the perovskite battery assembly is achieved through the illusion of the human eye, so that the perovskite battery assembly can be used in transparent products.

[0063] Optional, reference Figure 1 , the lens structure 104 may be a concave lens. Figure 1 and Figure 2 , light can be diverged after passing through a concave lens to increase transparency through an optical illusion.

[0064] In the embodiment of the present application, the first electrode layer 1021 may be an anode layer, and the second electrode layer 1023 may be a cathode layer. The perovskite cell functional layer 102 further includes a hole transport layer 1024 located between the first electrode layer 1021 and the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, and an electron transport layer 1025 located between the perovskite light absorption layer 1022 and the second electrode layer 1023. The perovskite cell assembly 100 may be an inverse perovskite device structure.

[0065] Alternatively, the first electrode layer may be a cathode layer, and the second electrode layer may be an anode layer. The perovskite cell functional layer further includes an electron transport layer between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light absorbing layer, and a hole transport layer between the perovskite light absorbing layer and the second electrode layer. The perovskite cell assembly may be a formal perovskite device structure.

[0066] In the embodiment of the present application, whether the perovskite battery assembly 100 is a trans-perovskite device structure or a formal perovskite device structure, the lens structure 104 can be provided to disperse the light passing through the opening K, and the effect of increasing the transparency of the perovskite battery assembly 100 can be achieved through the illusion of the human eye. The embodiment of the present application takes the trans-perovskite device structure as an example.

[0067] When light is irradiated to the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, photons are absorbed and electron-hole pairs are formed. These electrons and holes are rapidly separated inside the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, and the electrons are transported to the cathode layer through the electron transport layer 1025, and the holes are transported to the anode layer through the hole transport layer 1024. As the electrons and holes accumulate in the anode layer and the cathode layer, an electromotive force is generated. When the perovskite battery assembly is connected to an external electrical device, a photocurrent output is formed, allowing the perovskite battery assembly to power the electrical device.

[0068] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 3 , the perovskite cell functional layer 102 includes a plurality of first scribe lines (P1 scribe lines), a plurality of second scribe lines (P2 scribe lines) and a plurality of third scribe lines (P3 scribe lines). The third scribe line can be reused as an opening K. That is, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 104 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the third scribe line on the first substrate 101, and the opening K can be located in the second electrode layer 1023, the electron transport layer 1025, the perovskite light absorption layer 1022 and the hole transport layer 1024.

[0069] Optionally, the plurality of first scribing lines, the plurality of second scribing lines and the plurality of third scribing lines can divide the perovskite battery functional layer 102 into a plurality of electrically connected battery cells, wherein the plurality of battery cells can be sequentially connected in series.

[0070] The first electrode layer 1021 includes a plurality of first electrodes of battery cells divided by a plurality of first scribe lines. The second scribe lines are at least located in the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, for example, the second scribe lines may be located in the electron transport layer 1025, the perovskite light absorption layer 1022 and the hole transport layer 1024. Each second scribe line may expose a portion of the first electrode of a battery cell.

[0071] The second electrode layer 1023 includes a plurality of second electrodes of battery cells divided by a plurality of third scribe lines. Of two adjacent and electrically connected battery cells, the second electrode of one battery cell is electrically connected to the first electrode of the other battery cell through the second scribe line.

[0072] In the embodiment of the present application, the area where the first scribing line is located, the area where the second scribing line is located, the area where the third scribing line is located, and the area between the three scribing lines cannot generate electricity, and this area can be collectively referred to as a dead zone area. In other words, the dead zone area is an area that cannot generate electricity due to the laser scribing process.

[0073] In the related technical solution, in order to improve the transparency of the perovskite cell assembly, the width of the second or third scribe line in the dead zone area can be increased. This solution will cause the area of ​​the effective area of ​​the perovskite cell assembly to become smaller, reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell assembly. In the solution of the embodiment of the present application, the width of the second or third scribe line will not be increased, and the visual effect of transparency is improved by setting the lens structure 104, which will not affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell assembly.

[0074] As an optional implementation, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3The lens structure 104 is located on a side of the second substrate 103 close to the first substrate 101 , and the lens structure 104 is located in the opening K. The perovskite cell assembly 100 further includes: a morphology control structure 105 located on one side of the first substrate 101 , and located on a side of the lens structure 104 close to the first substrate 101 .

[0075] The surface of the morphology control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101 is convex toward the surface away from the first substrate 101, the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the first substrate 101 and the surface of the morphology control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101 cooperate with each other, and the surface of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 is concave toward the surface close to the first substrate 101.

[0076] The surface of the lens structure 104 close to the first substrate 101 and the surface of the shape control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101 cooperate with each other, which may mean that the shapes of the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the first substrate 101 and the surface of the shape control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101 match so that the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the first substrate 101 and the surface of the shape control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101 are in contact. That is, the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the first substrate 101 is recessed toward the surface away from the first substrate 101.

[0077] Optionally, the refractive index of the lens structure 104 may be greater than the refractive index of the shape control structure 105. Therefore, when the light is emitted from the shape control structure 105 to the lens structure 104, the light will not be totally reflected at the junction of the shape control structure 105 and the lens structure 104, and the light can be dispersed after passing through the lens structure 104 away from the surface of the first substrate 101, thereby achieving an improvement in transparency in terms of viewing angle effect.

[0078] For example, the refractive index of the morphology control structure 105 is greater than 1.5 and less than or equal to 1.6, and the refractive index of the lens structure 104 is greater than 1.6, for example, the refractive index of the lens structure 104 ranges from 1.7 to 2.

[0079] In the embodiment of the present application, the main function of the morphology control structure 105 is to provide a basic structure for the next step of making the lens structure 104 (concave lens). The material of the morphology control structure 105 can be at least one of polymers such as P (DMMD-P), P (DEMD-P), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), PI (polyimide), PS (polystyrene) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate). The Chinese name of P (DMMD-P) is: poly, 2'-(hexahydro-4,8-methylenebenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bis[1,3]dithiophene-2,6-dimethylene)bis(1,3-dithiophene-4,5-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester). The Chinese name of P(DEMD-P) is: poly 2,2′-(hexahydro-4,8-methylenebenzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis[1,3]dithiophene-2,6-dimethylene)bis(1,3-dithiophene-4,5-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester).

[0080] Optionally, the refractive index of the morphology control structure 105 can be 1.6 in the wavelength range of 200nm to 1000nm, and the transmittance reaches more than 85%. The mass concentration range of the polymer of the morphology control structure 105 is 1wt% to 4wt%, and the morphology control structure 105 can be dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane, chloroform, chloroform, toluene or chlorobenzene. Since tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane, chloroform, chloroform, toluene and chlorobenzene are all anti-solvents for perovskite, the preparation of the morphology control structure 105 will not affect the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022. The morphology control structure 105 is not conductive, and the carrier mobility is low and close to that of an insulator.

[0081] Optionally, the morphology control structure 105 can be prepared by inkjet printing. Currently, inkjet printers can print under the following conditions: the mass concentration of the polymer of the morphology control structure 105 ranges from 1wt% to 4wt%, the liquid volume ranges from 2pl (picoliter) to 4pl, and the landing accuracy is ±8μm (micrometer), which can meet the requirement that the droplet accurately falls within the third line.

[0082] Optionally, the shape of the morphology control structure 105 can be a convex shape. The width of the third scribe line ranges from about 30 μm to 50 μm. The process method can be: when the mass concentration is high, such as 1wt% to 4wt%, the drying conditions are: starting from atmospheric pressure, quickly dropping to 10 pa (Pascals) (under the bottom pressure of the Dry pump) within 15-20S, the molecular pump (Turbo pump) is turned on, and the curing is continued for 60s, and the 100°C to 150°C (degrees Celsius) are heated to remove the participating solvents.

[0083] Optionally, the refractive index of the lens structure 104 is greater than 1.6, and the material of the lens structure 104 can be SU-8, thiol-containing PI, and halogen-containing PMMA, etc. The process method can be: in the case of a low concentration solution (concentration below 1wt%), the drying conditions are: starting from atmospheric pressure, dropping to 1000Pa and then continuing for about 1-2min (minutes), and then quickly dropping to 10Pa (under the bottom pressure of the dry pump) within 15-20S, curing and forming, heating at 100℃-150℃, and removing the participating solvents.

[0084] Optionally, the lens structure 104 can be dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene or chlorobenzene. Since tetrahydrofuran (THF), dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene and chlorobenzene are all anti-solvents for perovskite, the preparation of the lens structure 104 will not affect the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022. The transmittance of the lens structure 104 is greater than 85%, it is not conductive, and the carrier mobility is low and close to that of an insulator.

[0085] In the embodiment of the present application, in order to prevent the lens structure 104 from being able to diverge light, the surface of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 can be made not to exceed the surface of the second electrode layer 1023 away from the first substrate 101. Optionally, the maximum distance h1 between the side of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 and the first substrate 101 is less than or equal to the distance h2 between the side of the second electrode layer 1023 away from the first substrate 101 and the first substrate 101.

[0086] The side of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 is a concave surface, so different positions of the side of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 have different distances from the first substrate 101. The maximum distance may refer to the maximum distance among multiple distances between the side of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 and the first substrate 101. For example, the maximum distance may be the distance between the side of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 close to the opening K and the first substrate 101.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present application, the maximum height of the morphology control structure 105 may be greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer 1024, and less than or equal to the height of the hole transport layer 1024. The maximum height of the lens structure 104 is greater than or equal to the sum of the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, the thickness of the electron transport layer 1025, and the thickness of the second electrode layer 1023, and less than or equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer 1024, the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, the thickness of the electron transport layer 1025, and the thickness of the second electrode layer 1023.

[0088] Since the surface of the shape control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101 is protruded toward the surface away from the first substrate 101, the heights of the shape control structure 105 at different positions are different. The height of the side of the shape control structure 105 close to the opening is less than the height of the middle of the shape control structure 105. The maximum height of the shape control structure 105 can be the height of the middle of the shape control structure 105.

[0089] The maximum height of the lens structure 104 can be the maximum height of the side of the lens structure 104 close to the opening K when the maximum distance between the side of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 and the first substrate 101 is equal to the distance between the side of the second electrode layer 1023 away from the first substrate 101 and the first substrate 101.

[0090] For example, when the height of the morphology control structure 105 is equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer 1024, the maximum height of the lens structure 104 may be equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer 1024, the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, the thickness of the electron transport layer 1025, and the sum of the thickness of the second electrode layer 1023. When the height of the morphology control structure 105 is equal to the thickness of the hole transport layer 1024, the maximum height of the lens structure 104 may be equal to the sum of the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer 1022, the thickness of the electron transport layer 1025, and the thickness of the second electrode layer 1023.

[0091] Through the above design, the side of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 close to the opening K can be in contact with the lens structure 104, so that light at some angles of non-vertically incident light can be irradiated to the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 and then absorbed by the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022, which can effectively improve the light absorption efficiency of the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 and thus improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery assembly 100.

[0092] As another optional implementation, refer to Figure 4 The second substrate 103 includes a first surface 103a and a second surface 103b that are arranged opposite to each other, and the perovskite battery assembly 100 also includes a morphology control structure 105 located on the first surface 103a of the second substrate 103. The surface of the morphology control structure 105 away from the second surface 103b is convex away from the second surface 103b. Figure 5 The surface of the lens structure 104 close to the second substrate 103 and the surface of the morphology control structure 105 away from the second surface 103 b cooperate with each other, and the surface of the lens structure 104 away from the second substrate 103 is recessed toward the surface close to the second substrate 103 .

[0093] The surface of the lens structure 104 close to the second substrate 103 and the surface of the shape control structure 105 away from the second surface 103b cooperate with each other, which means that the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the second substrate 103 and the surface of the shape control structure 105 away from the second surface 103b match in shape so that the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the second substrate 103 and the surface of the shape control structure 105 away from the second surface 103b are in contact. That is, the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the second substrate 103 is concave toward the surface away from the second surface 103b.

[0094] Optional, reference Figure 4 The first surface 103a of the second substrate 103 may have a groove, and the bottom surface of the groove close to the second surface 103b may constitute the morphology control structure 105. For example, the bottom surface of the groove close to the second surface 103b is raised toward the surface away from the second surface 103b. Optionally, the groove may be formed by etching the second substrate 103.

[0095] The orthographic projection of the groove on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening K on the first substrate 101. For example, the orthographic projection of the groove on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening K on the first substrate 101. Thus, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 104 on the first substrate 101 and the orthographic projection of the opening K on the first substrate 101 can overlap, thereby enabling the lens structure 104 to diverge the light passing through the opening K.

[0096] Alternatively, the morphology control structure 105 may be provided independently of the second substrate 103. Figure 6 and Figure 7 The first surface 103a of the second substrate 103 may be formed with a support portion Z, and the surface of the support portion Z away from the second substrate 103 may have a groove, and the groove near the bottom surface of the second substrate 103 may constitute a morphology control structure 105. For example, the groove is protruding from the bottom surface of the second substrate 103 to the surface away from the second substrate 103. Optionally, the groove may be formed by etching the support portion Z.

[0097] The orthographic projection of the support portion Z on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening K on the first substrate 101. For example, the orthographic projection of the support portion Z on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening K on the first substrate 101. Thus, the orthographic projection of the lens structure 104 on the first substrate 101 and the orthographic projection of the opening K on the first substrate 101 can overlap, thereby enabling the lens structure 104 to diverge the light passing through the opening K.

[0098] In the examples of this application, refer to Figure 8, the first surface 103a of the second substrate 103 may be a surface close to the first substrate 101, and the second surface 103b may be a surface far from the first substrate 101, that is, the first surface 103a is closer to the first substrate 101 than the second surface 103b. In this case, the lens structure 104 may be located in the opening K. Alternatively, referring to Fig. 9 , the first surface 103a of the second substrate 103 may be a surface away from the first substrate 101, and the second surface 103b may be a surface close to the first substrate 101, that is, the second surface 103b is closer to the first substrate 101 relative to the first surface 103a. In this case, the lens structure 104 may be located on the side of the second substrate 103 away from the first substrate 101.

[0099] In the embodiment of the present application, the process method of the lens structure 104 can refer to the above embodiment, and the embodiment of the present application will not be described in detail here.

[0100] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The perovskite battery assembly 100 may further include: an adhesive film 106 located between the perovskite battery functional layer 102 and the second substrate 103. The adhesive film 106 will melt after hot pressing, play a role in packaging and water isolation, isolate the second substrate 103 and the second electrode layer 1023, and protect the perovskite battery functional layer 102.

[0101] Optionally, the adhesive film 106 may be a POE adhesive film 106. The POE adhesive film 106 is a polyolefin elastomer material having excellent mechanical properties such as high elasticity, high strength and high elongation and good low temperature performance. The POE adhesive film 106 also has excellent water barrier properties and anti-PID (potential induced degradation) properties, which make it widely used in the field of solar cells.

[0102] The POE film 106 is located between the second substrate 103 and the perovskite cell functional layer 102 . Its main function is to protect the perovskite cell functional layer 102 , so that the perovskite cell assembly 100 is not affected by the external environment during operation, thereby extending the service life of the perovskite cell assembly 100 . At the same time, it allows sunlight to penetrate the film 106 to the maximum extent and reach the perovskite cell functional layer 102 , thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the perovskite cell assembly 100 .

[0103] For further reference, Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9The perovskite battery assembly 100 may further include an encapsulation layer 107. The encapsulation layer 107 is located between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 103, and surrounds the perovskite battery functional layer 102 and the adhesive film 106. Optionally, the encapsulation layer 107 may be PIB (polyisobutylene), which is a new type of encapsulation material, mainly used to improve the waterproof performance of the perovskite battery assembly 100.

[0104] For example, the encapsulation layer (PIB) 107 plays a vital role in the encapsulation of the perovskite battery assembly 100. Since the perovskite battery assembly 100 is very sensitive to water vapor, the intrusion of water vapor will cause the battery to degrade, affecting the performance and life of the battery. It has low water vapor permeability, high adhesion and electrical insulation, and can effectively block water vapor intrusion and protect the stability and performance of the battery.

[0105] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a perovskite battery assembly, which includes a first substrate, a perovskite battery functional layer, a second substrate and a lens structure. Since the perovskite light-absorbing layer in the perovskite battery functional layer is light-absorbing and not light-transmissive, in order to achieve a transparent effect for the perovskite battery assembly, an opening can be set in the perovskite light-absorbing layer. At the same time, the light passing through the opening can be diverged by the lens structure, and the effect of increasing the transparency of the perovskite battery assembly is achieved through the illusion of the human eye, so that the perovskite battery assembly can be used in transparent products.

[0106] Fig.10 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing a perovskite battery assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application. Fig.10 , the method comprising:

[0107] Step S101: forming a perovskite cell functional layer on one side of a first substrate.

[0108] refer to Fig.11 The perovskite cell functional layer 102 includes a first electrode layer 1021, a perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 and a second electrode layer 1023. The perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 and the second electrode layer 1023 have an opening K. Optionally, the first substrate 101 may be glass.

[0109] In the case where the perovskite battery functional layer 102 includes a plurality of electrically connected battery cells, the formation process of the perovskite battery functional layer 102 includes:

[0110] Step 1: forming a first electrode film, and etching the first electrode film (P1 scribing) to obtain first electrodes of a plurality of electrode units. The first electrodes of the plurality of electrode units are arranged at intervals.

[0111] Step 2: Form a hole transport film, a perovskite light absorption film and an electron transport film, and etch the hole transport film, the perovskite light absorption film and the electron transport film (P2 marking) to obtain connection openings, each connection opening is used to expose a portion of a first electrode.

[0112] Step 3: forming a second electrode film. The second electrode film is connected to the first electrode exposed through the connection opening.

[0113] Step 4: Etching the second electrode film and the perovskite light absorbing film (P3 scribe line) to obtain a plurality of electrode units. The P3 scribe line may be an opening K provided by the perovskite light absorbing layer 1022 and the second electrode layer 1023. The second electrode layer 1023 includes a plurality of second electrodes of battery units divided by a plurality of third scribe lines.

[0114] In two adjacent battery cells, the orthographic projection of the first electrode of the first battery cell on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second electrode of the second battery cell on the first substrate 101. The connection opening exposes at least part of the first electrode of the first battery cell, and the second electrode of the second battery cell is connected to the first electrode of the first battery cell through the connection opening.

[0115] Step S102: forming a lens structure.

[0116] In the embodiment of the present application, Figure 3 Take the scheme shown as an example, refer to Fig.12 Before forming the lens structure 104, a shape control structure 105 may be formed in the opening K. The shape control structure 105 protrudes from the surface away from the first substrate 101 to the surface away from the first substrate 101. Fig.13 The lens structure 104 is formed on the side of the morphology control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101, so that the surface of the lens structure 104 close to the first substrate 101 and the surface of the morphology control structure 105 away from the first substrate 101 cooperate with each other, and the surface of the lens structure 104 away from the first substrate 101 is concave toward the surface close to the first substrate 101. Optionally, the lens structure 104 can be a concave lens.

[0117] The orthographic projection of the lens structure 104 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening K on the first substrate 101. The lens structure 104 is used to diverge the light passing through the opening K, thereby causing an illusion to the human eye and increasing the transparency of the perovskite battery component.

[0118] Step S103: forming a second substrate.

[0119] In the embodiment of the present application, before forming the second substrate 103, a glue film 106 can be formed on the side of the perovskite battery functional layer 102 away from the first substrate 101. The glue film 106 will melt after hot pressing, and play a role in packaging and water isolation. Afterwards, the second substrate 103 is formed on the side of the glue film 106 away from the first substrate 101. The glue film 106 can isolate the second substrate 103 and the second electrode layer 1023, and protect the perovskite battery functional layer 102. Optionally, the second substrate 103 can be glass.

[0120] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for preparing a perovskite battery assembly, and the perovskite battery assembly prepared by the method includes a first substrate, a perovskite battery functional layer, a second substrate and a lens structure. Since the perovskite light-absorbing layer in the perovskite battery functional layer is light-absorbing and not light-transmissive, in order to make the perovskite battery assembly transparent, an opening can be set in the perovskite light-absorbing layer. At the same time, the light passing through the opening can be diverged by the lens structure, and the effect of increasing the transparency of the perovskite battery assembly is achieved through the illusion of the human eye, so that the perovskite battery assembly can be used in transparent products.

[0121] The embodiment of the present application also provides a photovoltaic module, which includes one or more perovskite battery modules as provided in the above embodiment. In the case where the photovoltaic module includes multiple perovskite battery modules, the multiple perovskite battery modules can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0122] Optionally, the number of perovskite cell modules included in the photovoltaic module can be determined according to different application scenarios. The photovoltaic module can convert solar energy into electrical energy, or send it to a battery for storage, or drive a load to work.

[0123] Since the photovoltaic module can have basically the same technical effects as the perovskite cell module described in the previous embodiment, the technical effects of the photovoltaic module will not be repeatedly described here for the purpose of brevity.

[0124] The embodiment of the present application further provides an electric device, which may include: an electric device and a perovskite battery assembly as provided in the above embodiment. The perovskite battery assembly is connected to the electric device to supply power to the electric device.

[0125] Optionally, the electrical equipment may be common equipment including perovskite battery components, such as equipment in the fields of communications, transportation, industry and agriculture, and lighting. Electrical equipment may be, for example, satellites, communication equipment, traffic lights, lighthouses, wireless telephone booths, monitoring equipment in the field of oil drilling, power systems, camping lights, electric vehicles, electronic equipment chargers, and building curtain walls.

[0126] The electrical device may include one or more perovskite battery assemblies. In the case where the electrical device includes multiple perovskite battery assemblies, the multiple perovskite battery assemblies may be connected in series or in parallel.

[0127] Optionally, one or more perovskite cell assemblies included in the electrical device may constitute a photovoltaic assembly.

[0128] Since the electrical equipment can have basically the same technical effects as the perovskite battery assembly described in the previous embodiment, the technical effects of the electrical equipment will not be repeatedly described here for the purpose of brevity.

[0129] The terms used in the embodiments of this application are only used to explain the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit this application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this application should be the common meanings understood by people with general skills in the field to which this application belongs.

[0130] The terms used in the implementation mode of the present application are only used to explain the embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the implementation mode of the present application should be the common meanings understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present application belongs. The words "first", "second", "third" and similar words used in the patent application specification and claims of the present application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one" or "one" do not indicate a quantity limit, but indicate that there is at least one. Words such as "include" or "include" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing in front of "include" or "include" include the elements or objects listed after "include" or "include" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. Words such as "connect" or "connected" and similar words are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0131] The above description is only an optional embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A perovskite battery assembly, characterized in that: The perovskite battery assembly comprises: a first substrate; A perovskite battery functional layer, the perovskite battery functional layer is located on one side of the first substrate, the perovskite battery functional layer comprises a first electrode layer, a perovskite light absorbing layer and a second electrode layer, and the perovskite light absorbing layer has an opening; A second substrate, the second substrate is located on a side of the perovskite cell functional layer away from the first substrate; and a lens structure, wherein the lens structure is located on one side of the first substrate, the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening on the first substrate, and the lens structure is used to diverge the light passing through the opening.

2. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lens structure is a concave lens.

3. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lens structure is located on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate, and the lens structure is located in the opening; The perovskite cell assembly further includes: a morphology control structure located on one side of the first substrate and located on a side of the lens structure close to the first substrate; The surface of the morphology control structure away from the first substrate is convex toward the surface away from the first substrate, the surface of the lens structure close to the first substrate and the surface of the morphology control structure away from the first substrate cooperate with each other, and the surface of the lens structure away from the first substrate is concave toward the surface close to the first substrate.

4. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: The refractive index of the lens structure is greater than the refractive index of the profile control structure.

5. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 4, characterized in that: The refractive index of the morphology control structure is greater than 1.5 and less than or equal to 1.6, and the refractive index of the lens structure is greater than 1.

6.

6. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 3, characterized in that: A maximum distance between a side of the lens structure away from the first substrate and the first substrate is less than or equal to a distance between a side of the second electrode layer away from the first substrate and the first substrate.

7. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 6, characterized in that: The perovskite cell functional layer further includes: a hole transport layer located between the first electrode layer and the perovskite light absorption layer, and an electron transport layer located between the perovskite light absorption layer and the second electrode layer; The maximum height of the morphology control structure is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer, and less than or equal to the thickness of the hole transport layer; The maximum height of the lens structure is greater than or equal to the sum of the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer, the thickness of the electron transport layer and the thickness of the second electrode layer, and is less than or equal to 1 / 2 of the thickness of the hole transport layer, the sum of the thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer, the thickness of the electron transport layer and the thickness of the second electrode layer.

8. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second substrate includes a first surface and a second surface that are arranged opposite to each other, and the perovskite battery assembly further includes a morphology control structure located on the first surface of the second substrate; the lens structure is located on a side of the morphology control structure away from the second substrate; The surface of the shape control structure away from the second surface is convex away from the second surface, the surface of the lens structure close to the second substrate and the surface of the shape control structure away from the second surface cooperate with each other, and the surface of the lens structure away from the second substrate is concave toward the surface close to the second substrate; The first surface is closer to the first substrate than the second surface, or the second surface is closer to the first surface than the first surface.

9. The perovskite battery assembly according to claim 8, characterized in that: The first surface of the second substrate has a groove, and the groove is close to the bottom surface of the second surface to form the morphology control structure; or, the morphology control structure is arranged independently of the second substrate.

10. The perovskite battery assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The perovskite battery functional layer includes a plurality of first scribe lines, a plurality of second scribe lines and a plurality of third scribe lines, wherein the third scribe lines are reused as the openings; the plurality of first scribe lines, the plurality of second scribe lines and the plurality of third scribe lines divide the perovskite battery functional layer into a plurality of electrically connected battery cells; The first electrode layer includes first electrodes of a plurality of battery cells divided by the plurality of first scribe lines; The second scribe line is at least located in the perovskite light absorbing layer, and each of the second scribe lines exposes a portion of the first electrode of one of the battery cells; The second electrode layer includes second electrodes of a plurality of battery cells divided by the plurality of third scribe lines; Among the two adjacent and electrically connected battery cells, the second electrode of one battery cell is electrically connected to the first electrode of the other battery cell through the second scribe line.

11. A method for preparing a perovskite battery assembly, characterized in that: The method comprises: Forming a perovskite cell functional layer on one side of the first substrate, the perovskite cell functional layer comprising a first electrode layer, a perovskite light absorption layer and a second electrode layer, the perovskite light absorption layer and the second electrode layer having openings; forming a lens structure, wherein the lens structure is located on one side of the first substrate, the orthographic projection of the lens structure on the first substrate overlaps with the orthographic projection of the opening on the first substrate, and the lens structure is used to diverge the light passing through the opening; A second substrate is formed, where the second substrate is located on a side of the perovskite cell functional layer away from the first substrate.

12. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module comprises: a plurality of perovskite cell modules according to any one of claims 1 to 10; The plurality of perovskite battery components are connected in series or in parallel.

13. An electrical equipment, characterized in that: The electrical equipment comprises: an electrical device, and a perovskite battery assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10; Wherein, the perovskite battery assembly is connected to the electrical device, and the perovskite battery assembly is used to supply power to the electrical device.

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