Chinese herbal medicine extract additive for litopenaeus vannamei feed and application of Chinese herbal medicine extract additive

Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese herbal medicine extract additive for a litopenaeus vannamei feed and application of the Chinese herbal medicine extract additive. The Chinese herbal medicine extract additive is prepared from components as follows: a dandelion extract and a herba houttuyniae extract. The dandelion extract and the herba houttuyniae extract are mixed according to the proportion of 1: 1 and added into the litopenaeus vannamei basal feed, so that the growth performance of the litopenaeus vannamei is remarkably improved, the intestinal tract and hepatopancreas tissue structures are improved, and the immunity is enhanced. Meanwhile, the extract effectively regulates the intestinal flora structure, increases the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora, and promotes nutrient absorption and digestion functions. The composition has a synergistic effect, and is low in price, green, environment-friendly, safe and residue-free.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed additives, in particular to a Chinese herbal medicine extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Litopenaeus vannamei, as one of the most important shrimp farming species in the world, is not only the shrimp species with the highest aquaculture output in my country, but also occupies a dominant position in the global shrimp farming market. With the rapid development of the aquaculture industry, the production of Litopenaeus vannamei faces more and more challenges, the most prominent of which is the frequent outbreak of bacterial and viral diseases, which have caused significant economic losses. Although antibiotic treatment can effectively control the spread of bacteria and fungi, the consequences of improper use of antibiotics cannot be ignored. For example, long-term excessive use of antibiotics may induce the production of super-resistant bacteria. The spread of drug-resistant bacteria not only harms the aquaculture environment, but also poses a hidden threat to human health through residues in aquatic products. In addition, the abuse of antibiotics may also lead to an imbalance in the microecology of water bodies, inhibit the immune system function of aquatic animals, and even affect the export trade and market access of aquatic products.

[0003] On the other hand, as the shrimp farming model develops towards high density and scale, the deterioration of the farming environment and the shortage of feed resources have caused the vannamei shrimp to face problems such as small individual shrimp, low survival rate, and poor flavor. In addition, the demand for fish meal continues to rise, and the price fluctuations have intensified, forcing the aquaculture industry to seek alternative protein sources. Although non-fishmeal protein sources can alleviate the shortage of fish meal, their use may bring negative effects, such as affecting the growth rate and immunity of aquatic animals. Therefore, the development of functional additives that can replace antibiotics and promote the growth and immunity of vannamei shrimp has become a hot topic in current research and has important practical significance.

[0004] As a natural resource with multiple biological activities, Chinese herbal medicine has attracted widespread attention in recent years for its application in aquatic animal feed. Chinese herbal medicine contains rich bioactive ingredients and has significant advantages such as being green, environmentally friendly, residue-free, and non-polluting. Different Chinese herbal medicine ingredients can work synergistically to not only promote nutrition, but also enhance the immune function of aquatic animals and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, the development of Chinese herbal medicine additives is considered to be a promising technology to replace antibiotics. However, in actual applications, some Chinese herbal medicines have limited resources or high prices, such as Eucommia ulmoides, Sophora flavescens, and Astragalus membranaceus. The demand for these medicinal materials conflicts with human demand for medicines, which may lead to resource shortages and thus affect the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.

[0005] As two common Chinese herbal medicines, dandelion (Taraxacummongolicum) and Houttuynia cordata are not only rich in resources and widely distributed, but also highly adaptable and have relatively low market prices. Both dandelion and Houttuynia cordata contain a variety of bioactive ingredients, which have good bactericidal, antiviral and immune-enhancing properties. This makes them ideal functional additives for aquatic animals. Studies have shown that dandelion and Houttuynia cordata extracts promote the growth, immunity and disease resistance of aquatic animals, especially in replacing antibiotics. Therefore, using these low-priced and abundant Chinese herbal extracts as functional additives can not only improve the immunity and disease resistance of Penaeus vannamei, but also effectively replace antibiotics, reduce environmental pollution and the production of drug-resistant bacteria, and promote the sustainable development of aquaculture.

[0006] As potential sources of Chinese herbal medicine, dandelion and houttuynia have broad application prospects in aquaculture. By rationally utilizing these herbal extracts, we can reduce dependence on antibiotics, reduce drug residues, and improve aquaculture efficiency while ensuring the health of shrimp. With the in-depth research on these Chinese herbal medicines, their antibiotic replacement effects will be more widely used, thereby promoting the aquaculture industry to develop in a greener and more sustainable direction. Summary of the invention

[0007] In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a herbal extract additive in a feed for Penaeus vannamei and application thereof.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a Chinese herbal extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed, wherein the components of the Chinese herbal extract feed additive are composed of dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention: the mass ratio of the dandelion extract to the houttuynia cordata extract is 1:1.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention: the addition amount of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive of Penaeus vannamei is 1-3%.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention: the addition amount of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive of Penaeus vannamei is 1.5-2.5%.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention: the added amount of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive of Penaeus vannamei is 2%.

[0013] The present invention also includes an application of a Chinese herbal extract additive for Penaeus vannamei feed, wherein the Chinese herbal extract additive for Penaeus vannamei feed and a basic feed for Penaeus vannamei form the Chinese herbal extract feed for Penaeus vannamei.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention: Preparation of compound feed: adding dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract to raw materials, stirring evenly, granulating, ripening and air-drying.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention: application of a Litopenaeus vannamei herbal extract feed prepared by using a herbal extract additive in Litopenaeus vannamei feed to enhance the growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention: application of the Chinese herbal extract feed of Penaeus vannamei prepared by using the Chinese herbal extract additive in feed of Penaeus vannamei to improve the intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissue morphology of Penaeus vannamei.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention: application of Chinese herbal extract feed of Penaeus vannamei prepared by using Chinese herbal extract additive in feed of Penaeus vannamei to improve the intestinal flora structure of Penaeus vannamei.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The dandelion extract of the present invention is mixed with the houttuynia cordata extract in a ratio of 1:1 and added to a basic feed of Penaeus vannamei, which can improve the culture survival rate of Penaeus vannamei, promote growth, improve the intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissue structure, increase the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora, and regulate the intestinal flora structure.

[0020] The dandelion of the present invention contains a variety of biologically active substances such as oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, polypeptides, phenolic acids, alkaloids, flavonoid compounds, etc., has the properties of promoting growth, resisting rheumatism, anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and the like, is a common dietary supplement and pharmaceutical preparation, and is safe and residue-free.

[0021] Houttuynia cordata can clear away heat and detoxify, and has certain biological activity and edible value. Existing studies have shown that the chemical components of Houttuynia cordata include volatile oils, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, sterols and organic acids, and its main active ingredients are volatile oils and flavonoid compounds.

[0022] The dandelion extract and the houttuynia cordata extract in the group of the present invention can produce a significant synergistic effect.

[0023] The dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract in the group of the present invention are cheap, easily available, simple in process, and green and environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution, the drawings required for use in the implementation will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0025] Figure 1 These are electron microscopic images of the intestinal tissues of Penaeus vannamei in different test groups in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 These are electron microscopic images of the hepatopancreas tissue of Penaeus vannamei in different test groups in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present invention described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0029] As one of the most important shrimp farming species in the world, Penaeus vannamei is the shrimp species with the highest farming output in my country. The production of Penaeus vannamei is facing more and more challenges, the most prominent of which is the frequent outbreak of bacterial and viral diseases. The long-term overuse of antibiotics may lead to the emergence of super-resistant bacteria. The spread of resistant bacteria not only harms the farming environment, but also may affect human health through residues in aquatic products. The abuse of antibiotics will destroy the microecology of the water body and affect the ecological balance of the aquaculture water body. The irrational use of antibiotics may inhibit the digestive tract immune function of aquatic animals and reduce their disease resistance. The problem of antibiotic residues may also affect the market access of aquatic products, and then affect the export of aquatic products. The farming of Penaeus vannamei is also faced with the problems of high-density farming and environmental deterioration. High-density farming leads to small shrimps, which affects the quality of commercial shrimps; the intensive farming environment leads to a decrease in survival rate and increases the risk of farming; the deterioration of the farming environment may lead to a decrease in the flavor of shrimps; the demand for fish meal continues to grow and the price fluctuates, forcing the aquaculture industry to find alternative protein sources, which may affect the growth and immunity of aquatic animals. The high prices of some Chinese herbal medicines may significantly increase the cost of aquatic feeds; and the limited resources of some Chinese herbal medicines (such as Eucommia ulmoides, Sophora flavescens, Astragalus membranaceus, etc.) may conflict with human drug demand and affect the sustainable development of aquaculture. Although Chinese herbal medicines have the potential to replace antibiotics, their practical application still faces challenges in resources and costs, and the synergistic effects between Chinese herbal medicine components and the optimization of extraction methods still need further research.

[0030] The invention provides a Chinese herbal extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed and application thereof, the Chinese herbal extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed comprising components of dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract.

[0031] The application of dandelion extract and Houttuynia cordata extract in the feed of Penaeus vannamei has a significant effect, which can improve the survival rate of shrimp farming, promote growth, and play an important role in regulating intestinal flora and improving tissue structure. The combined addition of dandelion and Houttuynia cordata extracts to the feed can significantly enhance the immunity of Penaeus vannamei and improve its disease resistance, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases and improving the survival rate of farming. These plant extracts regulate the immune system, enhance the immune response of shrimp, and reduce the risk of bacterial and viral infections; the active ingredients in dandelion and Houttuynia cordata (such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc.) can stimulate the appetite of Penaeus vannamei, promote nutrient absorption, and thus accelerate growth. Studies have shown that these ingredients not only have a nutritional effect, but also improve the digestion and absorption rate of shrimp to feed, so that the shrimp can better utilize the nutrients in the feed and further promote its growth; these two herbal extracts can improve the intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissue structure of Penaeus vannamei and enhance its digestive function. The bioactive ingredients in dandelion and Houttuynia cordata help repair the intestinal mucosa, promote the regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells, and enhance the intestinal barrier function, thereby improving the digestion and absorption capacity of shrimp. In terms of the hepatopancreas, the active ingredients of dandelion and Houttuynia cordata can promote the metabolic activity of liver cells, increase the detoxification function of the hepatopancreas, help shrimp better deal with harmful substances and metabolites in the feed, and maintain healthy visceral organ function. Dandelion and Houttuynia cordata extracts have a regulatory effect on intestinal flora, can promote the growth of beneficial flora, inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, and thus increase the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora. Rich intestinal flora helps to improve the immunity of shrimp, improve intestinal health, and enhance its tolerance to environmental stress. The health of intestinal flora is closely related to the growth, digestion and immune function of shrimp, and optimizing the intestinal microecology helps to improve the feeding efficiency. The composite extract of dandelion and Houttuynia cordata can adjust the structure of intestinal flora, increase the proportion of beneficial bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, and inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella. This regulatory effect not only improves the intestinal microecological environment, but also reduces the risk of infection by pathogenic microorganisms, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of shrimp and increasing the success rate of breeding.

[0032] The Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for Litopenaeus vannamei of the present invention and the raw materials, reagents or instruments used in the application thereof can all be purchased from the market.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The Chinese herbal extract feed additive component for white shrimp is composed of dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract, and the mass ratio of the dandelion extract to the houttuynia cordata extract is 1:1.

[0035] The addition amount of the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive to the basic feed is 2%. The dandelion extract and the houttuynia cordata extract are weighed in proportion and added to the raw materials, stirred evenly, granulated, matured, and air-dried at room temperature.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] Formulated shrimp feed without adding Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additives.

[0038] In Comparative Example 1, 2% of flour was added to replace the 2% of Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive added in Example 1.

[0039] Weigh the raw materials according to the feed formula, mix evenly, granulate, mature, and air-dry at room temperature.

[0040] Comparative Example 2

[0041] 1% dandelion extract was added to the basic shrimp feed, and no Houttuynia cordata extract was added.

[0042] In Comparative Example 2, 1% of flour was added to replace the 1% of Houttuynia cordata extract added in Example 1.

[0043] Weigh 1% dandelion extract according to proportion and add it to the raw materials, stir evenly, granulate, mature, and air-dry at room temperature.

[0044] Comparative Example 3

[0045] 1% Houttuynia cordata extract was added to the basic shrimp feed, but no dandelion extract was added.

[0046] In Comparative Example 3, 1% of flour was added to replace the 1% of dandelion extract added in Example 1.

[0047] Weigh 1% Houttuynia cordata extract according to proportion and add it to the raw materials, stir evenly, granulate, mature, and air-dry at room temperature.

[0048] The feeds of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were air-dried in a cool place indoors and then stored in a -20°C refrigerator.

[0049] The formulas of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are as follows:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] The nutritional composition of the 4 groups of feed is as follows:

[0053] Nutritional analysis Example Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Crude Protein 40.45 40.74 40.59 40.59 Crude fat 8.2 8.18 8.19 8.19

[0054] Dandelion extract: Dandelion extract is rich in a variety of bioactive ingredients, such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc. These ingredients can enhance the immune system of aquatic animals. They can stimulate the activity of immune cells, activate the immune response in aquatic animals, and increase disease resistance; dandelion extract can enhance the phagocytosis of macrophages of fish and shrimp, increase the content of immunoglobulin (IgM), and thus improve the disease resistance of fish and shrimp, especially when dealing with bacterial and viral diseases. Dandelion extract has the effect of promoting digestion, regulating the acid-base balance of the gastrointestinal tract, improving the secretion of digestive juices, and enhancing the intestinal absorption function, thereby improving the utilization rate of feed. Its rich plant fiber can stimulate intestinal peristalsis, promote food digestion and excretion, and help improve the digestion and absorption efficiency of nutrients by fish and shrimp. The flavonoids and polyphenols in dandelions have a strong antioxidant effect, which can scavenge free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and protect the cells of fish and shrimp from oxidative damage. Its anti-inflammatory effect can inhibit the inflammatory response of the intestine and other organs, and maintain the health of the intestine and immune system. Dandelion extract can regulate the microbial flora in the intestines of fish and shrimp, enhance the growth of beneficial bacteria, and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, thereby improving intestinal health and enhancing the growth performance and health level of aquatic animals.

[0055] Houttuynia cordata extract: Houttuynia cordata extract is rich in volatile oils, flavonoids, tannic acid and other ingredients. These ingredients have strong antibacterial and antiviral effects, can effectively inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and reduce the risk of infection in aquatic animals. Houttuynia cordata has a good disease prevention effect in aquaculture, especially for some common aquatic pathogens such as Vibrio, Escherichia coli and various viruses, it has a significant inhibitory effect. Houttuynia cordata has the effect of improving immune function, can stimulate the immune system, activate the function of immune cells, increase the synthesis of immunoglobulins, promote the production of antibodies, and improve the disease resistance of fish and shrimp. It can promote the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the body, enhance the self-defense ability of aquatic animals, and help them better cope with environmental pressure and pathogen invasion. Houttuynia cordata extract can effectively alleviate the stress response of fish and shrimp under high-density farming and environmental pressure. By regulating the endocrine system and reducing the secretion of stress hormones, it helps to improve the growth performance of fish and shrimp and reduce the negative impact of stress on growth and immune function. Houttuynia cordata has the function of regulating intestinal flora, promoting the growth of beneficial flora (such as lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, etc.), inhibiting the proliferation of harmful bacteria (such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, etc.), and thus improving the intestinal health of fish and shrimp. Through this regulatory effect, Houttuynia cordata can improve the microecological balance of the intestine, reduce the occurrence of intestinal diseases, and enhance the digestive capacity and nutrient absorption rate of aquatic animals. The polyphenols and flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata extract have antioxidant effects, which can reduce oxidative stress and improve the disease resistance of fish and shrimp. Its anti-inflammatory properties also help to reduce the inflammatory response of the intestine and immune system of aquatic animals and promote health.

[0056] The dandelion extract and the houttuynia cordata extract of the herbal extract additive for the vannamei shrimp feed of the present invention are mixed in a ratio of 1:1. The combined application of dandelion and houttuynia cordata can play their complementary role and enhance the immune system of aquatic animals; the composite effect of the two plant extracts can improve the growth environment of aquatic animals, promote appetite, improve digestion and absorption efficiency, thereby accelerating growth and improving feed utilization. Its function of improving intestinal health and regulating intestinal flora structure is helpful to increase growth rate and survival rate. The combined application of dandelion and houttuynia cordata can significantly improve intestinal function, regulate intestinal microbial community, promote the growth of beneficial flora, inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, thereby improving the digestion and absorption capacity of aquatic animals and reducing the occurrence of intestinal diseases. The combined use of dandelion and houttuynia cordata extracts can more effectively reduce stress response and enhance the ability of fish and shrimp to cope with environmental pressure and pathogen invasion during breeding. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects help maintain the health of aquatic animals and ensure their normal growth and immune function in a complex environment.

[0057] Aquaculture tests were carried out on Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3:

[0058] From August 2, 2024 to September 30, 2024, a breeding experiment was conducted at the Sanya Research Center for Tropical Aquaculture of the South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute in Lingshui County, Hainan Province. Before the experiment, the shrimp fry were temporarily raised with commercial feed, and then experimental shrimps of the same size (about 1.45g) were selected and their total weight and number of tails were recorded to calculate the initial average weight of the shrimp and randomly distributed to 12 cement pools. There were 30 tails in each pool (500L), and 3 replicates for each treatment. Within 7 days after the start of the experiment, if the shrimp died or had abnormal conditions, healthy shrimps of similar specifications were supplemented from the temporary holding pond and records were kept. If dead shrimp appeared 7 days after the start of the breeding experiment, only the weight was recorded and no shrimp was supplemented. During the formal experiment, the shrimps were fed three times a day in the morning (8:00), afternoon (15:00), and evening (22:00). The initial feeding amount was set at 2% of the shrimp body weight. The feed was checked one and a half hours after feeding. If there was no residual feed, the feeding amount was increased by 10% the next day. If there was residual feed, the feeding amount was reduced by 5%. During the 8-week breeding experiment, all cement pools were aerated continuously, the water was changed 1 to 2 times a week, and the water change volume was 1 / 3 each time. The water quality was tested regularly to ensure a good growth environment for the shrimp.

[0059] After the breeding experiment, the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei was measured and shown in Table 1. Intestinal and hepatopancreas samples were taken for slice preparation, and midgut samples were taken for intestinal flora detection.

[0060] Table 1 Effects of Chinese herbal extract feed additives on growth performance of Penaeus vannamei

[0061] Group Initial average weight Final average weight Weight gain rate (%) Specific growth rate (%) Survival rate (%) Example 1 1.44±0.02 <![CDATA[27.81±1.45 a ]]> <![CDATA[1830.81±103.19 a ]]> <![CDATA[5.10±0.09 a ]]> 92.22±10.72 Comparative Example 1 1.42±0.03 <![CDATA[26.15±2.32 ab ]]> <![CDATA[1743.44±128.87 ab ]]> <![CDATA[5.02±0.12 ab ]]> 80.00±26.46 Comparative Example 2 1.44±0.03 <![CDATA[26.46±1.03 ab ]]> <![CDATA[1738.49±107.65 ab ]]> <![CDATA[5.02±0.10 ab ]]> 90.00±6.67 Comparative Example 3 1.46±0.02 <![CDATA[25.17±0.98 b ]]> <![CDATA[1622.58±82.91 b ]]> <![CDATA[4.91±0.08 b ]]> 95.56±3.85

[0062] Table 2 Effects of Chinese herbal extract feed additives on intestinal flora of Litopenaeus vannamei

[0063] Group Ace Index Chao1 Index Coverage (%) Shannon Diversity Index Simpson Diversity Index Example 1 342.43±38.25 334.62±40.10 99.87±0.03 4.76±0.18 0.93±0.02 Comparative Example 1 287.07±37.76 292.27±40.29 99.89±0.02 4.46±0.33 0.91±0.03 Comparative Example 2 294.68±54.11 281.84±36.74 99.88±0.03 4.27±0.36 0.91±0.03 Comparative Example 3 300.69±46.33 300.88±53.43 99.88±0.03 4.77±0.33 0.94±0.01

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1, in terms of growth performance, the final average weight, weight gain rate (%) and specific growth rate (%) of Example 1 are higher than those of the comparative example group. In particular, the comparative example 3, which only added 1% of dandelion extract, showed a certain growth inhibition effect compared with the comparative example 1 without adding the Chinese herbal medicine extract, but the growth performance of Example 1, which added the combination of dandelion extract and Houttuynia cordata extract, was significantly improved, indicating that the Houttuynia cordata extract and dandelion extract had a certain combined enhancement effect.

[0065] As can be seen from Table 2, the intestinal flora abundance index (Ace, Chao1) of the embodiment is significantly higher than that of the comparative example, and the intestinal flora diversity index (Shannon diversity index, Simpson diversity index) is significantly higher than that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and there is no difference with comparative example 3. In addition, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in Example 1 is reduced, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes is increased. This shows that adding a dandelion extract and a houttuynia cordata extract composition to shrimp feed can synergistically improve the intestinal flora structure.

[0066] from Figure 1 It can be seen that the intestinal structure of Example 1 is complete, the intestinal villi are neatly arranged, and the tissue morphology is optimal, while the intestinal villi of Comparative Example 1 are partially broken, the intestinal villi of Comparative Example 2 are disorderly arranged, and the intestinal villi of Comparative Example 3 are broken and detached, indicating that the dandelion extract and the houttuynia cordata extract can synergistically improve the intestinal morphology of shrimp.

[0067] from Figure 2 It can be seen that Example 1 has the highest tightness of hepatic corpuscles, basement membrane integrity, regularity of star-shaped cavities, and the best hepatopancreatic structure and morphology, while Comparative Example 3 has atrophy and deformation of hepatic corpuscles, irregular star-shaped cavities, and damaged hepatopancreatic structure and morphology, indicating that dandelion extract and Houttuynia cordata extract can synergistically improve the hepatopancreatic tissue morphology of shrimp.

[0068] Test conclusion:

[0069] 1. The combination of Houttuynia cordata extract and dandelion extract enhances the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei.

[0070] 2. The combination of Houttuynia cordata extract and dandelion extract improves the intestinal flora structure of Penaeus vannamei.

[0071] 3. The combination of Houttuynia cordata extract and dandelion extract improves the intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissue morphology of Penaeus vannamei.

[0072] The results show that the invention has the functions of promoting the growth of Penaeus vannamei and improving the intestinal flora, intestinal tract and hepatopancreas tissue morphology.

[0073] The dandelion and houttuynia cordata used in the invention are pure natural raw materials, have no chemical toxic residues, are widely distributed, have strong adaptability, are low in cost and have simple process.

[0074] The main functions of the present invention are:

[0075] (1) In the present invention, dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract are mixed in a ratio of 1:1 and added to the basic feed of Penaeus vannamei, which can effectively promote the growth of shrimp. The polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and flavonoids in dandelion have the function of promoting appetite and enhancing digestion and absorption. The volatile oil and flavonoids in houttuynia cordata can improve the immunity and disease resistance of shrimp, thereby reducing the occurrence of diseases and ensuring that it is not invaded by external pathogens during the growth process. The combined use of dandelion and houttuynia cordata extracts can enhance the metabolism and nutrient absorption of shrimp in the body, and significantly increase its growth rate and weight gain. In addition, by regulating the intestinal flora of aquatic animals, the digestion and absorption rate of nutrients is improved, further promoting their growth and development.

[0076] (2) The dandelion extract and Houttuynia cordata extract of the present invention can effectively improve the intestinal flora structure of Penaeus vannamei. The biologically active substances (such as polysaccharides and flavonoids) rich in dandelions can provide a good growth environment for beneficial bacteria and promote their proliferation. The volatile oils and flavonoids in Houttuynia cordata have antibacterial effects, which can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestine and reduce the invasion of pathogens. Studies have shown that after adding dandelion and Houttuynia cordata extracts, the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora of shrimp have been significantly improved, which is manifested in an increase in the proportion of beneficial bacteria, a decrease in the number of pathogens, and an optimization of the intestinal microecological environment. This improvement helps to improve the immunity of shrimp, enhance its tolerance to environmental stress, and further promote healthy growth.

[0077] (3) The effects of dandelion extract and Houttuynia cordata extract in shrimp are not limited to improving intestinal flora, but can also significantly improve the intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissue morphology. The polysaccharides and peptides in dandelion have strong anti-inflammatory effects, which can relieve the inflammatory response of the intestine and internal organs caused by pathogenic microorganisms or environmental stress, and help repair and protect the intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissue structure.

[0078] The active ingredients in the Houttuynia cordata extract (such as volatile oils and flavonoids) can enhance the detoxification function of the liver, increase the metabolic activity of liver cells, and help improve the health of the hepatopancreas, thereby improving the overall health of the shrimp. Histological analysis shows that feeds containing the extract of the present invention can make the intestinal tract and hepatopancreas of shrimp healthier, with more complete cell structures and more vigorous functions.

[0079] (4) Dandelion extract and Houttuynia cordata extract produce significant synergistic effects when used together. Dandelion polysaccharides have the effect of promoting growth and enhancing immunity, while Houttuynia cordata provides antibacterial and antiviral support. The synergistic effect of the two enables shrimp to achieve greater improvements in growth, immunity, disease resistance, etc. Through reasonable ratios and combined use, the advantages of each can be maximized and the benefits of aquaculture can be significantly improved.

[0080] (5) The dandelion and houttuynia extracts of the present invention are inexpensive, widely available, and have lower use costs than other natural additives or chemicals. In addition, these plant extracts are naturally green, non-toxic, and residue-free, and will not pollute the environment, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development. Dandelion and houttuynia are abundant in resources and relatively cheap, and can provide farmers with an economical and effective alternative to antibiotics to reduce breeding costs. As natural plant extracts, they do not contain harmful substances, will not pollute the environment and water quality, and meet the needs of modern aquaculture for environmental protection and sustainable development.

[0081] (6) Both dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract are derived from natural plants. After reasonable extraction and processing, they do not contain harmful residues. Therefore, their use in aquaculture will not have a negative impact on the quality of aquatic products. Their natural ingredients are highly safe and not only do not harm the health of aquatic animals, but can also effectively avoid the problem of antibiotic residues and improve the market acceptance of aquatic products. This is a clear advantage, especially in the context of increasingly stringent supervision of the use of antibiotics.

[0082] In summary, after reading the present invention document, ordinary technicians in this field can make other various corresponding transformation schemes based on the technical scheme and technical concept of the present invention without creative mental work, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Chinese herbal medicine extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed, characterized in that: The components of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive are composed of dandelion extract and houttuynia cordata extract.

2. The herbal extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the dandelion extract to the houttuynia cordata extract is 1:

1.

3. The herbal extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 2, characterized in that: The added amount of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive of Penaeus vannamei is 1-3%.

4. The herbal extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The added amount of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive of Penaeus vannamei is 1.5-2.5%.

5. The herbal extract additive for Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The added amount of the Chinese herbal medicine extract feed additive for Penaeus vannamei is 2%.

6. The use of a herbal extract additive in Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The Chinese herbal extract additive for Penaeus vannamei feed and the basic feed for Penaeus vannamei form the Chinese herbal extract feed for Penaeus vannamei.

7. The use of a herbal extract additive in Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The invention discloses an application of a Chinese herbal extract feed for Penaeus vannamei prepared by using a Chinese herbal extract additive in feed for Penaeus vannamei to enhance the growth performance of Penaeus vannamei.

8. The use of a herbal extract additive in Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: Application of Chinese herbal extract feed of Penaeus vannamei prepared by using Chinese herbal extract additive in feed of Penaeus vannamei to improve the intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissue morphology of Penaeus vannamei.

9. The use of a herbal extract additive in Litopenaeus vannamei feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: The application of Chinese herbal extract feed for Penaeus vannamei prepared by using Chinese herbal extract additive in feed for Penaeus vannamei to improve the intestinal flora structure of Penaeus vannamei.

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