Multi-nutrient sika deer feed and preparation process thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-nutrient sika deer feed and a preparation process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of animal feeds. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-35 parts of pasture powder, 10-20 parts of radix astragali seu hedysari extract, 15-25 parts of protein powder, 10-15 parts of carbohydrate, 5-12 parts of fat, 4-8 parts of vitamin and mineral compound, 1-5 parts of plant source probiotics, 1-3 parts of flavoring agent and 1-3 parts of dietary fiber. The preparation process of the astragalus membranaceus extract comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality astragalus membranaceus roots, slicing, cleaning and drying, and finally obtaining the high-purity extract through the steps of microwave-assisted extraction, enzymolysis, supercritical fluid extraction, nanofiltration and high-speed counter-current chromatography. The preparation technology comprises the steps of raw material crushing, mixing, microbial fermentation, granulation and drying. By controlling technological parameters, it is ensured that nutritional ingredients of the feed are evenly distributed, palatability is good, and storage is stable. The feed disclosed by the invention can effectively meet nutritional requirements of sika deer in different growth stages, promote healthy growth of the sika deer and improve culture benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention provides a multi-nutrient sika deer feed and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the technical field of animal feed. Background Art

[0002] Sika deer (Cervus nippon) is an excellent meat and ornamental animal widely distributed in Asia. With the development of the breeding industry, the scale of sika deer breeding has gradually expanded, and the research on its nutritional needs has gradually received attention. The growth and health of sika deer are directly affected by the quality and nutritional components of their feed. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop feed with excellent nutritional characteristics and palatability.

[0003] Traditional sika deer feed is mainly hay and roughage, but such feed often lacks sufficient protein, vitamins and minerals, and cannot effectively meet the nutritional needs of sika deer at different growth stages. In recent years, researchers have gradually increased their research on multi-nutrient feeds, exploring ways to improve the nutritional value of feeds and the feeding habits of animals by adding plant extracts, probiotics and other nutrients. In particular, microbial fermentation can break down ingredients into small molecules that are easier for animals to absorb, promoting gastrointestinal absorption.

[0004] In addition, many existing formulas use relatively single methods for extrusion, drying, mixing and other process links, resulting in uneven feed nutrients and poor palatability, which in turn affects the health and production performance of animals. Therefore, a new type of multi-nutritional sika deer feed and its preparation process are urgently needed, which can make full use of various high-quality raw materials, achieve balanced nutrition, strong appeal and reasonable processing technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to meet the above needs and provide a sika deer feed formula containing multiple nutrients and a preparation method thereof, so that while ensuring nutritional balance, the feeding power, digestion and absorption rate and overall health level of the sika deer can be improved, thereby promoting the breeding efficiency of the sika deer.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is as follows: according to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed, the composition of the multi-nutritional sika deer feed is as follows: 25-35 parts of forage powder, 10-20 parts of astragalus extract, 15-25 parts of protein powder, 10-15 parts of carbohydrates, 5-12 parts of fat, 4-8 parts of vitamin and mineral complex, 1-5 parts of plant-derived probiotics, 1-3 parts of flavoring agent, and 1-3 parts of dietary fiber; the extraction process of the astragalus extract comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1 Select high-quality astragalus root, remove impurities and soil, slice the root into 1-3 mm thick slices to increase the contact area; wash and dry the astragalus slices, and grind them into 80-100 meshes through a crushing device to facilitate subsequent extraction;

[0008] S2: placing the astragalus powder in a microwave extraction device, adding an ethanol / water mixed solvent, and controlling the content of the astragalus powder to be 8% to 12%; setting the microwave power to 400 to 450 W, the temperature to 60 to 80° C., and the extraction time to 15 to 20 minutes. This process helps to quickly lyse the cell wall and improve the extraction efficiency;

[0009] S3 After the microwave extraction is completed, the temperature is lowered to 45-50°C, and 0.1%-0.3% cellulase is added to destroy the remaining structure of the cell wall and promote the release of the effective ingredients. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 60-80 minutes;

[0010] S4: transferring the extract to a supercritical fluid extraction device, wherein the supercritical solvent is carbon dioxide, and extracting for 1.5 to 2 hours at a pressure of 300 to 310 bar and a temperature of 35 to 40° C.;

[0011] S5 uses a nanofiltration membrane with a pore size of 1 to 2 nm and a pressure of 0.5 to 1 MPa to remove macromolecular impurities in the extract and increase the concentration of active ingredients; high-speed countercurrent chromatography is used at a flow rate of 0.5 to 1 mL / min to further separate the extract for 4 to 6 hours to obtain high-purity astragalus polysaccharides and saponins;

[0012] S6 concentrates the extract at a pressure of -0.1 to -0.15 MPa and a temperature of 55 to 60°C for 30 to 60 minutes to reduce the moisture content while maintaining the stability of the active ingredients; a spray dryer is used to convert the concentrate into a powder to ensure the storage stability and ease of use of the product;

[0013] S7 uses biodegradable packaging materials for bagging to ensure product safety and reduce environmental impact, and obtain the desired astragalus extract.

[0014] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed, the forage powder is a combination of one or more of ryegrass powder, alfalfa powder and corrugated grass powder.

[0015] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed, the protein powder is a combination of one or more of soybean meal, fish meal and cordyceps protein.

[0016] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed, the carbohydrate is a combination of one or more of corn flour, wheat flour and oat flour.

[0017] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed and a preparation process thereof, the fat is a combination of one or more of fish oil, linseed oil and vegetable oil.

[0018] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed, in the vitamin and mineral complex, the vitamin is a combination of one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, and the mineral is a combination of one or more of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and selenium.

[0019] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed, the plant-derived probiotics are a combination of one or more of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

[0020] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed, the flavoring agent is a combination of one or more of peppermint oil, vanillin, rosemary, citrus oil, hexyl acetate, vanillin, meat and bone meal, and milk powder.

[0021] According to a multi-nutritional sika deer feed and a preparation process thereof, the dietary fiber is a combination of one or more of pea fiber and apple pulp powder.

[0022] According to a multi-nutrient sika deer feed, the preparation process of the multi-nutrient sika deer feed comprises the following steps:

[0023] S1: Grind the grass powder and protein powder in a grinder at a speed of 500-800 rpm for 10-15 minutes to reduce the particle size to 0.1-1 mm; use a hot air dryer to dry at 50-60° C. for 1-2 hours to control the moisture content of the raw materials to 1%-5%;

[0024] S2 uses a V-type mixer at a speed of 25 to 40 rpm to mix the grass powder and protein powder for 15 to 20 minutes; adds astragalus extract, carbohydrates, fats, vitamin and mineral complex, flavoring agent, and dietary fiber in sequence, and continues to mix for 5 to 10 minutes to ensure uniform mixing;

[0025] S3: 0.5% to 2% of plant-derived probiotics are mixed in MRS culture medium and cultured for 24 to 48 hours, the inoculum is evenly added to the substrate, and a V-type mixer is used to mix at a speed of 25 to 40 rpm for 20 to 30 minutes to evenly distribute the probiotics; the mixture is placed in a fermentation environment at 30°C to 40°C, acetic acid is used to adjust the pH of the fermentation environment to 5.5 to 6.5, the mixture is stirred every hour, and the fermentation is carried out for 5 to 7 hours;

[0026] After S4 fermentation, the mixture is dried in a fluidized bed dryer at a temperature of 60-70°C for 25-30 minutes to maintain the stability of the nutrients;

[0027] S5 uses a feed granulator at a speed of 30-50rpm and a temperature of 70-80℃ to granulate, controlling the particle diameter to 3-5mm, and the granulation time is generally 20-30 minutes; uses a fluidized bed dryer to dry at 60-70℃ for 25-30 minutes, controlling the moisture content of the particles to 1%-5%;

[0028] S6 final screening removes oversized particles to ensure uniform particle size, packages the feed into 25kg bags and seals them.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0030] (1) Comprehensive nutrition: The multi-nutrient sika deer feed of the present invention contains a variety of nutrients through reasonable formula design, which can meet the comprehensive nutritional needs of sika deer at different growth stages and promote their growth, reproduction and health.

[0031] (2) Strong palatability: Adding natural plant extracts and flavoring agents can help increase the attractiveness of feed, improve palatability, stimulate the sika deer's appetite, and ensure that they get enough nutrition.

[0032] (3) Easy to digest and absorb: Plant-derived probiotics and dietary fiber are added to the feed and fermented. Microorganisms are used to break down bio-based macromolecules into small molecules that are easily absorbed by sika deer, such as protein into various amino acids, cellulose into glucose, and fat into fatty acids. This helps to improve the intestinal microbial environment of sika deer, enhance intestinal health, promote nutrient absorption, and increase feed conversion rate.

[0033] (4) Environmentally friendly: By using natural ingredients and plant extracts, this feed formula is more environmentally friendly, reduces dependence on synthetic materials and additives, and is in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0034] (5) Improve economic benefits: Optimized feed formula and production process not only reduce production costs, but also improve the growth rate and health level of sika deer, thereby increasing the economic benefits of breeders. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiment 1

[0036] Select high-quality Astragalus root, remove impurities and soil, slice the root into 1mm thick slices to increase the contact area; wash and dry the Astragalus slices, and process them to 80 meshes through a crushing device to facilitate subsequent extraction; place the Astragalus powder in a microwave extraction device, add ethanol / water mixed solvent, and control the content of the Astragalus powder to 8%; set the microwave power to 400W, the temperature to 60℃, and the extraction time to 15 minutes. This process helps to quickly lyse the cell wall and improve the extraction efficiency; after the microwave extraction is completed, cool to 45℃, add 0.1% cellulase to destroy the remaining structure of the cell wall and promote the release of effective ingredients. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 60 minutes; transfer the extract to a supercritical fluid extraction device, the supercritical solvent is carbon dioxide, and the extraction is carried out at 30 The extract was extracted at a pressure of 0 bar and a temperature of 35°C for 1.5 hours; a nanofiltration membrane with a pore size of 1 nm was used at a pressure of 0.5 MPa to remove macromolecular impurities in the extract and increase the concentration of active ingredients; the extract was further separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography at a flow rate of 0.5 mL / min for 4 hours to obtain high-purity astragalus polysaccharides and saponins; the extract was concentrated at a pressure of -0.1 MPa and a temperature of 55°C for 30 minutes to reduce the moisture content while keeping the active ingredients stable; a spray dryer was used to convert the concentrate into a powder to ensure the storage stability and ease of use of the product; biodegradable packaging materials were used for bagging to ensure product safety and reduce environmental impact, and the desired astragalus extract was obtained.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] Select high-quality Astragalus root, remove impurities and soil, slice the root into 2mm thick slices to increase the contact area; wash and dry the Astragalus slices, and process them to 90 meshes through a crushing device to facilitate subsequent extraction; place the Astragalus powder in a microwave extraction device, add ethanol / water mixed solvent, and control the content of the Astragalus powder to 10%; set the microwave power to 420W, the temperature to 70℃, and the extraction time to 18 minutes. This process helps to quickly lyse the cell wall and improve the extraction efficiency; after the microwave extraction is completed, cool to 48℃, add 0.2% cellulase to destroy the remaining structure of the cell wall and promote the release of effective ingredients. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 70 minutes; transfer the extract to a supercritical fluid extraction device, the supercritical solvent is carbon dioxide, and the extraction is carried out at 305b The method comprises the following steps: extracting the extract at a pressure of -0.1 MPa and a temperature of 38°C for 1.5 hours; using a nanofiltration membrane with a pore size of 1.5 nm and a pressure of 0.8 MPa to remove macromolecular impurities in the extract and increase the concentration of active ingredients; applying high-speed countercurrent chromatography at a flow rate of 0.8 mL / min to further separate the extract for 4 to 6 hours to obtain high-purity astragalus polysaccharides and saponins; concentrating the extract at a pressure of -0.1 MPa and a temperature of 58°C for 45 minutes to reduce the moisture content while maintaining the stability of the active ingredients; converting the concentrate into powder using a spray dryer to ensure the storage stability and ease of use of the product; and bagging with biodegradable packaging materials to ensure product safety and reduce environmental impact, thereby obtaining the desired astragalus extract.

[0039] Embodiment 3

[0040] Select high-quality Astragalus root, remove impurities and soil, slice the root into 3mm thick slices to increase the contact area; wash and dry the Astragalus slices, and process them to 100 mesh through a crushing device to facilitate subsequent extraction; place the Astragalus powder in a microwave extraction device, add ethanol / water mixed solvent, and control the content of the Astragalus powder to 12%; set the microwave power to 450W, the temperature to 80℃, and the extraction time to 20 minutes. This process helps to quickly lyse the cell wall and improve the extraction efficiency; after the microwave extraction is completed, cool to 50℃, add 0.3% cellulase to destroy the remaining structure of the cell wall and promote the release of effective ingredients. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 80 minutes; transfer the extract to a supercritical fluid extraction device, and the supercritical solvent is carbon dioxide. The extraction is carried out for 2 hours at a pressure of 310 bar and a temperature of 40°C; a nanofiltration membrane with a pore size of 2 nm is used at a pressure of 1 MPa to remove macromolecular impurities in the extract and increase the concentration of active ingredients; the extract is further separated for 6 hours using high-speed countercurrent chromatography at a flow rate of 1 mL / min to obtain high-purity astragalus polysaccharides and saponins; the extract is concentrated at a pressure of -0.15 MPa and a temperature of 60°C for 60 minutes to reduce the moisture content while maintaining the stability of the active ingredients; a spray dryer is used to convert the concentrate into a powder to ensure the storage stability and ease of use of the product; biodegradable packaging materials are used for bagging to ensure product safety and reduce environmental impact, and the desired astragalus extract is obtained.

[0041] Embodiment 4

[0042] Take out 1 gram of sample from the Astragalus extract obtained in Examples 1, 2, and 3 respectively, dissolve the extract sample in 50 mL of deionized water, use an oscillator to gently mix, ensure that the extract is completely dissolved, use a 0.45-micron filter membrane to filter the liquid, remove undissolved particles, and obtain a clear sample solution; analyze the filtered liquid by HPLC, select a C18 reverse phase column, use deionized water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, the ratio is 70:30, set the flow rate to 1.0 mL / min, and adjust the column temperature to about 30°C to maintain the consistency of the analysis; use a microinjector to inject 5 μL of the diluted sample into the HPLC injection port, select wavelengths of 320 nm and 205 nm for detection, start HPLC analysis, and record the chromatogram. After a certain retention time, the active ingredient will appear on the chromatogram and be calculated by the relationship between the peak area and concentration;

[0043] Sample analysis results

[0044]

[0045] According to the test results, the concentration of Astragalus extract meets the national standards.

[0046] Embodiment 5

[0047] The raw material formula of this embodiment is: 25 parts of forage powder, 10 parts of the astragalus extract obtained in Example 1, 15 parts of protein powder, 10 parts of carbohydrates, 5 parts of fat, 4 parts of hygienic elements and mineral complexes, 1 part of plant-derived probiotics, 1 part of flavoring agent, and 1 part of dietary fiber.

[0048] The forage powder and protein powder were crushed in a grinder at a speed of 500 rpm for 10 minutes to crush the particle size to 0.1 mm; a hot air dryer was used to dry at 50°C for 1 hour to control the moisture content of the raw materials at 1%; the forage powder and protein powder were mixed in a V-type mixer at a speed of 25 rpm for 15 minutes; astragalus extract, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and mineral complexes, flavoring agents, and dietary fiber were added in sequence and mixed for 5 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; 0.5% of plant-derived probiotics were mixed in MRS culture medium and cultured for 24 hours, the inoculum was evenly added to the substrate, and the V-type mixer was used to mix at a speed of 25 rpm for 20 minutes. , so that the probiotics are evenly distributed; the mixture is placed in a fermentation environment at 30°C, acetic acid is used to adjust the pH of the fermentation environment to 5.5, stirred every hour, and fermented for 5 days; after fermentation, the mixture is controlled at 60°C using a fluidized bed dryer and dried for 25 minutes to maintain the stability of the nutrients; a feed granulator is used to granulate at a speed of 30rpm and a temperature of 70°C, the particle diameter is controlled to be 3mm, and the granulation time is generally 20 minutes; a fluidized bed dryer is used to dry at 60°C for 25 minutes, and the moisture content of the particles is controlled to be 1%; finally screening is performed to remove oversized particles to ensure uniform particle size, the feed is packaged into 25kg bags, and sealed.

[0049] Embodiment 6

[0050] The raw material formula of this embodiment is: 20 parts of forage powder, 15 parts of the astragalus extract obtained in Example 2, 20 parts of protein powder, 12 parts of carbohydrates, 8 parts of fat, 6 parts of vitamin and mineral complex, 3 parts of plant-derived probiotics, 2 parts of flavoring agent, and 2 parts of dietary fiber.

[0051] The forage powder and protein powder were crushed in a grinder at a speed of 600 rpm for 12 minutes to crush the particles to 0.5 mm; a hot air dryer was used to dry at 55°C for 1.5 hours, and the moisture content of the raw materials was controlled at 3%; the forage powder and protein powder were mixed in a V-type mixer at a speed of 30 rpm for 18 minutes; astragalus extract, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and mineral complexes, flavoring agents, and dietary fiber were added in sequence and mixed for 8 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; 1% of plant-derived probiotics were mixed in MRS culture medium and cultured for 36 hours, the inoculum was evenly added to the substrate, and the V-type mixer was used to mix at a speed of 30 rpm for 25 minutes. minutes to make the probiotics evenly distributed; place the mixture in a fermentation environment at 35°C, use acetic acid to adjust the pH of the fermentation environment to 6, stir every hour, and ferment for 6 days; after fermentation, use a fluidized bed dryer to control the temperature of the mixture at 65°C and dry it for 25 minutes to maintain the stability of the nutrients; use a feed granulator to granulate at a speed of 40rpm and a temperature of 75°C, control the particle diameter to 4mm, and the granulation time is generally 25 minutes; use a fluidized bed dryer to dry at 65°C for 25 minutes, and control the moisture content of the particles to 3%; finally screen to remove oversized particles to ensure uniform particle size, package the feed into 25kg per bag, and seal it.

[0052] Embodiment 7

[0053] A multi-nutritional sika deer feed was prepared. The composition of the multi-nutritional sika deer feed was, by weight, 35 parts of forage powder, 20 parts of the astragalus extract obtained in Example 3, 25 parts of protein powder, 15 parts of carbohydrates, 12 parts of fat, 8 parts of vitamin and mineral complex, 5 parts of plant-derived probiotics, 3 parts of flavoring agent, and 3 parts of dietary fiber.

[0054] The forage powder and protein powder were crushed in a grinder at a speed of 800 rpm for 15 minutes to reduce the particle size to 1 mm; a hot air dryer was used to dry at 60°C for 2 hours to control the moisture content of the raw materials at 5%; the forage powder and protein powder were mixed in a V-type mixer at a speed of 40 rpm for 20 minutes; astragalus extract, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins and mineral complexes, flavoring agents, and dietary fiber were added in sequence and mixed for 10 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; 2% of plant-derived probiotics were mixed in MRS culture medium and cultured for 48 hours, the inoculation solution was evenly added to the substrate, and the V-type mixer was used to mix at a speed of 40 rpm for 30 minutes to make the mixture uniform. The probiotics are evenly distributed; the mixture is placed in a fermentation environment at 40°C, acetic acid is used to adjust the pH of the fermentation environment to 6.5, stirred every hour, and fermented for 7 days; after fermentation, the mixture is controlled at 70°C using a fluidized bed dryer and dried for 30 minutes to maintain the stability of the nutrients; a feed granulator is used to granulate at a speed of 50rpm and a temperature of 80°C, the particle diameter is controlled to be 5mm, and the granulation time is generally 30 minutes; a fluidized bed dryer is used to dry at 70°C for 30 minutes, and the moisture content of the particles is controlled to be 5%; finally, screening is performed to remove oversized particles to ensure uniform particle size, the feed is packaged into 25kg bags, and sealed.

[0055] Embodiment 8

[0056] Comparing the unfermented and fermented feeds, the types and concentrations of the following nutrients were tested:

[0057]

[0058] Through comparative analysis, it was found that the fermented multi-nutrition sika deer feed was far superior to the unfermented feed in terms of the types and concentrations of nutrients, and showed higher biological activity and absorbability. This not only proves the importance of the fermentation process in feed nutritional fortification, but also provides more comprehensive nutritional support for sika deer, contributing to their healthy growth.

[0059] Embodiment 9

[0060] This example aims to test the palatability of the multi-nutrient sika deer feed, which is mainly evaluated by observing the feed intake and feeding behavior of sika deer.

[0061] Forty healthy adult sika deer with balanced gender and weight were selected and placed in the same breeding farm. The environmental temperature and humidity were controlled to reduce interference from external factors.

[0062] 40 sika deer were randomly divided into four groups, 10 in the first group were fed with the multi-nutrient sika deer feed prepared in Example 1; 10 in the second group were fed with the multi-nutrient sika deer feed prepared in Example 2; 10 in the third group were fed with the multi-nutrient sika deer feed prepared in Example 3; and 10 in the control group were fed with traditional feed. Before the formal test, the sika deer adaptation period was set to 3 days to allow them to gradually become familiar with the new feed.

[0063] Each group was fed the same mass of feed at 8:00 a.m., about 1.5 kg of feed per deer, and the feed intake was recorded every day for 7 days.

[0064] The feed intake of each group was recorded daily, and the feed consumption of the four groups was compared. At the same time, the feeding behavior of the sika deer, such as feeding speed and pause time, was observed.

[0065] The daily feed intake of each group was counted, and the results are as follows:

[0066]

[0067] The experimental group of sika deer ate significantly more multi-nutrient feed than the control group, proving that the feed had better palatability. The sika deer showed stronger interest in the experimental group's feeding process, longer feeding time and more frequent feeding behavior. In summary, the test results of this embodiment show that the developed multi-nutrient sika deer feed has good palatability, can effectively increase the sika deer's feeding desire, and thus promote their healthy growth.

[0068] Embodiment 10

[0069] This example aims to evaluate the effect of multi-nutrient sika deer feed on the digestive health of sika deer, mainly by measuring fecal quality, nutrient digestibility and intestinal health indicators.

[0070] Twenty healthy adult sika deer with balanced gender and weight were selected and placed in the same breeding farm. The environmental temperature and humidity were controlled to reduce interference from external factors.

[0071] 20 sika deer were randomly divided into four groups. The experimental group had 10 deer fed with multi-nutritional sika deer feed, while the control group had 10 deer fed with traditional feed. Before the formal test, the sika deer were given an adaptation period of 3 days to allow them to gradually get familiar with the new feed.

[0072] Each group was fed the same mass of feed at 8:00 a.m., about 1.5 kg of feed per deer, and the feed intake and feces output were recorded every day for 7 days.

[0073] Before the experiment, their basic data were recorded to ensure that they were in normal health. Five sika deer were randomly selected from each group and their daily feces weight was recorded during the test. On the last day of the test, the feces were analyzed again to calculate the digestibility.

[0074] The stool quality is recorded in the following table:

[0075]

[0076] The formula for calculating the digestibility of increased nutrients is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Assume that the nutritional components of the experimental group and the control group are:

[0079] Crude protein (the input amount was 300 g, the crude protein in the feces of the experimental group was 45 g, and that of the control group was 60 g);

[0080] Crude fiber (the input amount was 400 g, the crude fiber in the feces of the experimental group was 80 g, and that of the control group was 120 g);

[0081] project Digestibility of experimental group (%) Digestibility of control group (%) Crude Protein 85 80 Crude Fiber 80 70

[0082] The number of probiotics is recorded in the following table:

[0083]

[0084] The feces weight of the experimental group was relatively stable, the moisture content was reduced, and the pH value remained in the ideal range, indicating that the digestion process was good; the crude protein and crude fiber digestibility of the experimental group were 85.0% and 80.0%, respectively, both higher than those of the control group; the number of probiotics in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that the feed has a positive effect on improving intestinal health.

[0085] In summary, the test results of this embodiment show that the developed multi-nutrition sika deer feed performs well in digestive health, can effectively improve the digestibility and intestinal health of sika deer, and promote their overall health level.

[0086] Embodiment 11

[0087] This example aims to evaluate the impact of multi-nutrient sika deer feed on the economic benefits of breeding. By comparing the cost input, growth benefits and final economic benefits of two different feeds, the economic value of the feed is comprehensively analyzed.

[0088] Thirty healthy adult sika deer with balanced gender and weight were selected and placed in the same breeding farm. The environmental temperature and humidity were controlled to reduce interference from external factors.

[0089] Thirty sika deer were randomly divided into four groups. The experimental group had 15 deer fed with multi-nutritional sika deer feed, while the control group had 15 deer fed with traditional feed. Before the formal test, the sika deer were given an adaptation period of three days to allow them to gradually get familiar with the new feed.

[0090] Each group was fed the same amount of feed at 8:00 a.m., about 2 kg per deer, for 30 days, and the daily feed cost and total feed consumption were recorded. The deer were weighed weekly, and the weight changes were recorded. The net weight gain (i.e., the change in body weight) and feed conversion rate (i.e., the amount of feed required per kilogram of weight gain) of each group were calculated.

[0091] An economic benefit analysis is conducted based on feed prices, breeding costs and growth benefits, including feed costs, management fees, breeding site fees, and the market sales price of sika deer.

[0092] The feed costs are recorded in the following table:

[0093]

[0094] The weight gain and feed conversion rate of sika deer are as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Assume that the market price is 100 yuan per kilogram of sika deer meat:

[0097] Group Sales weight (kg) Sales revenue (yuan) Experimental Group 53.0 53.0×100＝5300 Control group 50.0 50.0×100＝5000

[0098] The economic benefits are calculated as follows:

[0099]

[0100]

[0101] The feed cost of the experimental group was 180 yuan, and that of the control group was 150 yuan. Although the cost of the experimental group was relatively high, its growth performance was superior; the sika deer in the experimental group had a net weight gain of 8.0 kg within 30 days, and the feed conversion rate was 7.5, while the net weight gain of the control group was 5.0 kg, and the feed conversion rate was 12.0, indicating that feed efficiency was significantly improved; the sales revenue of the experimental group was 5,300 yuan, and the net profit was 5,120 yuan; the sales revenue of the control group was 5,000 yuan, and the net profit was 4,850 yuan.

[0102] In summary, the test results of this embodiment show that the developed multi-nutrient sika deer feed has significant advantages in economic benefits. Although the initial feed cost is slightly higher, the significantly improved growth rate and higher net income prove its long-term economic value.

[0103] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-nutrient sika deer feed, characterized in that: The composition of the multi-nutritional sika deer feed is as follows: 25-35 parts of forage powder, 10-20 parts of astragalus extract, 15-25 parts of protein powder, 10-15 parts of carbohydrates, 5-12 parts of fat, 4-8 parts of vitamin and mineral complex, 1-5 parts of plant-derived probiotics, 1-3 parts of flavoring agent, and 1-3 parts of dietary fiber. The extraction process of the astragalus extract comprises the following steps: S1 Select high-quality Astragalus root, remove impurities and soil, slice the root into 1-3 mm thick slices to increase the contact area; wash and dry the Astragalus slices, and grind them into 80-100 meshes through a crushing device to facilitate subsequent extraction; S2 Place the astragalus powder in a microwave extraction device, add ethanol / water mixed solvent, and control the content of the astragalus powder to 8% to 12%; set the microwave power to 400-450W, the temperature to 60-80℃, and the extraction time to 15-20 minutes. This process helps to quickly lyse the cell wall and improve the extraction efficiency; S3 After microwave extraction, cool to 45-50°C and add 0.1%-0.3% cellulase to destroy the remaining structure of the cell wall and promote the release of effective ingredients. The enzymatic hydrolysis time is 60-80 minutes. S4: transferring the extract to a supercritical fluid extraction device, wherein the supercritical solvent is carbon dioxide, and extracting for 1.5 to 2 hours at a pressure of 300 to 310 bar and a temperature of 35 to 40°C; S5 uses a nanofiltration membrane with a pore size of 1-2 nm and a pressure of 0.5-1 MPa to remove macromolecular impurities in the extract and increase the concentration of active ingredients; high-speed countercurrent chromatography is used at a flow rate of 0.5-1 mL / min to further separate the extract for 4-6 hours to obtain high-purity astragalus polysaccharides and saponins; S6 Concentrate the extract at a pressure of -0.1~-0.15MPa and a temperature of 55~60℃ for 30~60 minutes to reduce the moisture content while keeping the active ingredients stable; use a spray dryer to convert the concentrate into powder to ensure the storage stability and ease of use of the product; S7 uses biodegradable packaging materials for bagging to ensure product safety and reduce environmental impact, and obtain the desired astragalus extract.

2. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forage powder is a combination of one or more of ryegrass powder, alfalfa powder and corrugated grass powder.

3. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protein powder is a combination of one or more of soybean meal, fish meal and cordyceps protein.

4. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbohydrate is a combination of one or more of corn flour, wheat flour and oat flour.

5. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed and its preparation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fat is a combination of one or more of fish oil, linseed oil and vegetable oil.

6. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the vitamin and mineral complex, the vitamin is a combination of one or more of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, and the mineral is a combination of one or more of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and selenium.

7. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant-derived probiotics are a combination of one or more of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli.

8. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flavoring agent is a combination of one or more of peppermint oil, vanillin, rosemary, citrus oil, hexyl acetate, vanillin, meat and bone meal, and milk powder.

9. The multi-nutrient sika deer feed and its preparation process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The dietary fiber is a combination of one or more of pea fiber and apple pulp powder.

10. A multi-nutrient sika deer feed according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The preparation process of the multi-nutrient sika deer feed comprises the following steps: S1 Grind the grass powder and protein powder in a grinder at a speed of 500-800 rpm for 10-15 minutes, and grind the particle size to 0.1-1 mm; use a hot air dryer to dry at 50-60°C for 1-2 hours, and control the moisture content of the raw materials to 1%-5%; S2 Use a V-type mixer at a speed of 25-40 rpm to mix the grass powder and protein powder for 15-20 minutes; add astragalus extract, carbohydrates, fats, vitamin and mineral complex, flavoring agent, dietary fiber in sequence, and continue mixing for 5-10 minutes to ensure uniform mixing; S3 Mix 0.5% to 2% of plant-derived probiotics in MRS medium and culture for 24 to 48 hours, add the inoculum evenly to the substrate, and use a V-type mixer to mix at a speed of 25 to 40 rpm for 20 to 30 minutes to evenly distribute the probiotics; place the mixture in a fermentation environment at 30°C to 40°C, use acetic acid to adjust the pH of the fermentation environment to 5.5 to 6.5, stir every hour, and ferment for 5 to 7 days; S4 After fermentation, the mixture is dried in a fluidized bed dryer at a temperature of 60-70°C for 25-30 minutes to maintain the stability of the nutrients; S5 Use feed granulator at 30~50rpm and 70~80℃ to granulate, control the particle diameter to 3~5mm, and the granulation time is generally 20~30 minutes; use fluidized bed dryer at 60~70℃ for 25~30 minutes, control the moisture content of the particles to 1%~5%; S6 Final screening to remove oversized particles, ensure uniform particle size, pack the feed into 25 kg bags and seal them.

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