A manufacturing and finishing equipment for a reduction gearbox gear shaft

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of fine machining of gear shafts, and particularly relates to a fine machining device for manufacturing a gear shaft of a speed reducer, including: an operating table, a fixing groove is formed at the top of the operating table, and a circular plate is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the fixing groove; a gear data detection mechanism, the gear data detection mechanism includes a detection head for detection, and a detection cavity and a detection groove are respectively formed inside the detection head and are arranged vertically. After detecting data such as the tooth depth and inclination angle of the gear, the PLC controller controls the rotation angle of the rotating plate driven by the second motor according to the pre-known data such as the inclination angle of the tooth and the gear depth, so that the inclination angle of the dish grinding wheel grinder is consistent with that of the gear tooth, and can also control the forward movement distance of the dish grinding wheel grinder, control its up and down movement distance according to the gear height, and can adaptively adjust the rotation angle of the fifth motor according to the number of gear teeth, so as to realize continuous and fine grinding of the gear of the gear shaft.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gear shaft finishing, and particularly to a finishing equipment for manufacturing a reducer gear shaft. Background Art

[0002] A reducer is often used as a speed reduction transmission device connecting a prime mover and a working machine, playing a key role in matching the rotational speeds between the prime mover and the working machine or the actuator and transmitting torque. Among the numerous components of a reducer, the gear shaft occupies a crucial position. Therefore, the quality and performance of the gear shaft have a direct and significant impact on the overall operating state and service life of the reducer. Therefore, fine machining is required when machining the teeth of the gear shaft. For example, a finishing equipment for manufacturing a reducer gear shaft disclosed in Patent Application No. CN202311481591.4 performs fine machining on the teeth of the gear shaft.

[0003] The existing finishing treatment of gear shafts usually requires grinding the teeth of the gears in the gear shaft to improve dimensional accuracy, improve surface quality, correct tooth profile errors, and enhance gear strength. However, during the finishing process of gear shafts, for gear shafts using heat treatment processes such as carburizing and quenching, gears of different sizes may deform during the heat treatment process. Therefore, grinding is required to correct this deformation and restore the size and shape of the gears to the accuracy range required by the design. Therefore, for the above situation, the existing finishing equipment for manufacturing gear shafts can usually only grind the teeth of one type of gear shaft and cannot be applied to various different gear shafts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above-mentioned drawbacks of the existing technology, the present invention provides a finishing equipment for manufacturing a reducer gear shaft, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing finishing equipment for manufacturing gear shafts can usually only grind the teeth of one type of gear shaft.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a finishing equipment for manufacturing a reducer gear shaft, including:

[0007] An operating table, on the top of which a fixing groove is opened, and a circular plate is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the fixing groove;

[0008] A gear data detection mechanism, which includes a detection head for detection. Inside the detection head, a detection cavity and a detection groove are respectively opened vertically. A tooth depth detection component is arranged inside the detection cavity, and a tooth number detection component and a tooth inclination detection component are arranged inside the detection groove;

[0009] The tooth depth detection component includes a plurality of detection holes linearly arrayed on the outer wall of the detection head, and the detection holes communicate with the detection cavity. A resistance ring is embedded in the inner wall of the detection hole, and a conductive ring in contact with the resistance ring is slidably arranged in the detection hole. A detection rod is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral wall of the conductive ring;

[0010] The tooth number detection component includes a fixed rod fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection groove. A detection block is elastically hinged to the outer wall of the fixed rod. A test rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection block away from the detection head. A fixed block is fixedly connected to the top end of the detection block, and a conductive ball is fixedly connected to the top end of the fixed block. A conductive plate that intermittently contacts the conductive ball is slidably connected to the inner top wall of the detection groove.

[0011] Preferably, the tooth depth detection component further includes an electromagnetic plate fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection cavity. A plastic spring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the electromagnetic plate, and the other end of the plastic spring is fixedly connected to a permanent magnet block that magnetically repels the electromagnetic plate. The other end of the permanent magnet block is fixedly connected to one end of the detection rod. A pressure sensor is embedded in the outer wall of the detection head. The conductive ring and the resistance ring are electrically connected to a current detector, and the current detector and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to a PLC controller to form a first detection circuit.

[0012] Preferably, the tooth number detection component further includes a fixing plate fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the detection groove. A third electromagnetic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing plate, and the telescopic end of the third electromagnetic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the conductive plate. The conductive plate is electrically connected to the current detector to form a second detection circuit, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the third electromagnetic telescopic rod and the electromagnetic plate to form an adjustment circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the tooth inclination detection component includes an arc-shaped resistance plate fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection groove. A power-on piece is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection block away from the test rod, and the power-on piece slidably contacts the outer wall of the arc-shaped resistance plate. The power-on piece, the arc-shaped resistance plate and the current detector are electrically connected to form a third detection circuit.

[0014] Preferably, a protective shell is slidably arranged on the top end of the operating table. A first motor is fixedly connected to the top end of the protective shell. The output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to a first threaded rod. The bottom end of the first threaded rod rotatably contacts a second threaded rod, and the bottom end of the second threaded rod is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the protective shell. A first limiting rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell. The outer walls of the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod are sleeved with a first connecting plate, and the first limiting rod slidably penetrates through the first connecting plate. The outer wall of the first connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection head;

[0015] Threaded sleeves are sleeved on the outer walls of the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod. An arc-shaped rotating ring is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the threaded sleeve. A second connecting plate is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve, and the first limiting rod slidably penetrates through the second connecting plate. A rotating groove is fixedly formed in the inner peripheral wall of the second connecting plate, and the rotating groove is rotatably connected to the arc-shaped rotating ring. A first sliding hole is formed in the inner peripheral wall of the second connecting plate, and a first limiting hole is formed in the outer peripheral wall of the threaded sleeve. A first electromagnetic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first sliding hole, and a first inserting rod is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the first electromagnetic telescopic rod. The first inserting rod is engaged with the first limiting hole;

[0016] A second sliding hole is formed at the bottom end of the first threaded rod. A second electromagnetic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the second sliding hole, and a second inserting rod is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second electromagnetic telescopic rod. A second limiting hole is formed at the top end of the second threaded rod, and the second inserting rod is engaged with the second limiting hole.

[0017] Preferably, a vertical plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the second connecting plate. A rotating plate is rotatably connected to the outer wall of the vertical plate. A dish grinding wheel grinder is detachably arranged on the outer wall of the rotating plate. A second motor for driving the rotating plate is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the other side of the vertical plate. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the first motor, the dish grinding wheel grinder, the second motor, the second electromagnetic telescopic rod, and the first electromagnetic telescopic rod to form a driving circuit.

[0018] Preferably, an L-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the operating table. A third motor is fixedly connected to the top end of the L-shaped plate. A reciprocating lead screw is fixedly connected to the output end of the third motor. A reciprocating plate is sleeved on the outer wall of the reciprocating lead screw. A second limiting rod is fixedly connected to the inner top end of the L-shaped plate and the upper top end of the operating table together. The second limiting rod slidably penetrates through the reciprocating plate. An infrared emitter is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the reciprocating plate away from the L-shaped plate. An infrared receiving plate for receiving the infrared rays emitted by the infrared emitter is embedded in the inner wall of the protective shell. The infrared receiving plate, the infrared emitter, and the PLC controller are electrically connected to form a fourth detection circuit.

[0019] Preferably, a clamping mechanism is further included. The clamping mechanism includes an L-shaped support plate fixedly connected to the top end of the operating table. Three rotating rods arranged in a circumferential array are rotatably arranged at the top end of the circular plate and the upper bottom surface of the L-shaped support plate. An extrusion rod is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotating rod. The other end of the extrusion rod is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped extrusion plate. Ball bearings are rotatably arranged on the inner peripheral walls of the three arc-shaped extrusion plates at the upper side. A third motor is fixedly connected to the top end of the L-shaped support plate. The output end of the third motor is fixedly connected to one of the rotating rods at the upper side;

[0020] The bottom end of the circular plate is fixedly connected with a circular box. The rotating rods below all rotate through the bottom end of the circular plate and extend into the circular box. The bottom end of the circular box is fixedly connected with a fourth motor, and the output end of the fourth motor is fixedly connected with one of the rotating rods below. Chain drive structures are respectively connected to the outer walls of the rotating rods above and below. The bottom end of the operating platform is fixedly connected with two symmetrically arranged support legs, and a cross plate is fixedly connected between the two support legs. The top end of the cross plate is fixedly connected with a fifth motor, and the output end of the fifth motor is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the circular box.

[0021] Preferably, a sixth motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped plate, and the output end of the sixth motor is fixedly connected with a third threaded rod. A limiting plate is fixedly connected to the top end of the operating platform. A third limiting rod is fixedly connected between the limiting plate and the L-shaped plate. Threaded connection blocks and sliding connection blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the protective shell. The threaded connection blocks are threadedly sleeved on the outer wall of the third threaded rod, and the third limiting rod slidably penetrates through the sliding connection blocks. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the third motor, the fourth motor, the fifth motor, and the sixth motor to form a total control loop.

[0022] The technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the known prior art:

[0023] 1. The tooth depth detection component, through the cooperation of components such as the detection rod, conductive ring, resistance ring, electromagnetic plate, and permanent magnet block, when the electromagnetic plate is energized, the permanent magnet block pushes the detection rod forward. The detection rods at different positions hit the teeth or tooth grooves of the gear. The detection rod hitting the tooth groove drives the conductive ring to slide in the resistance ring, and the current detector detects the current of the first sliding rheostat to feedback the tooth groove depth; the tooth number detection component, through components such as the test rod, detection block, conductive ball, and conductive plate, when the gear rotates, the tooth hits the test rod to make it tilt, driving the conductive ball to contact the conductive plate, and determining the number of teeth of the gear according to the number of contacts; the tooth inclination detection component, through components such as the energized piece and arc-shaped resistance plate, when the gear rotates, the tooth contacts the test rod to make the detection block drive the energized piece to move on the arc-shaped resistance plate. According to the current change of the second sliding rheostat, the rotation speed and rotation time of the fifth motor, the tooth pitch is obtained, and the inclination angle of the tooth is feedback through the movement of the detection head, the current of the second sliding rheostat, and the known height of the gear, so as to be able to detect data such as the tooth depth, tooth number, and tooth inclination of the gear.

[0024] 2. After detecting data such as the tooth depth and tilt angle of the gear, the PLC controller controls the rotation angle of the second motor to drive the rotating plate according to the pre-known data such as the tilt angle of the tooth and the gear depth, so that the tilt angle of the dish grinding wheel grinder is consistent with that of the gear tooth. It can also control the forward movement distance of the dish grinding wheel grinder, control the up and down movement distance according to the gear height, and can adaptively adjust the rotation angle of the fifth motor according to the number of gear teeth to achieve continuous and precise grinding of the gear on the gear shaft. In contrast, existing gear shaft manufacturing and finishing equipment can usually only grind the teeth of one type of gear shaft and cannot be applied to various different gear shafts. However, it can grind gears in different situations according to various detected data, improving the applicability and grinding accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0026] Figure 1 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the protective shell of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the detection head of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 is a three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of part A in;

[0031] Figure 6 is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the detection head of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 is a partial three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the interior of the protective shell of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the second connecting plate of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 9 is a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the first and second threaded rods of the present invention.

[0035] Reference Numerals: 1, operating table; 2, circular plate; 3, circular box; 4, gear data detection mechanism; 41, detection head; 42, detection cavity; 43, detection groove; 44, tooth depth detection component; 441, detection hole; 442, permanent magnet block; 443, conductive ring; 444, detection rod; 445, electromagnetic plate; 446, plastic spring; 45, tooth number detection component; 451, fixed rod; 452, detection block; 453, test rod; 454, fixed block; 455, conductive ball; 456, conductive plate; 457, fixing plate; 458, third electromagnetic telescopic rod; 46, tooth inclination detection component; 461, arc-shaped resistance plate; 462, energized piece; 47, protective shell; 48, infrared emitter; 49, first threaded rod; 410, second threaded rod; 411, first limiting rod; 412, first connecting plate; 413, threaded sleeve; 414, arc-shaped rotating ring; 415, second connecting plate; 416, rotating groove; 417, first sliding hole; 418, first limiting hole; 419, first electromagnetic telescopic rod; 420, first inserting rod; 421, second sliding hole; 422, second electromagnetic telescopic rod; 423, second inserting rod; 424, second limiting hole; 425, vertical plate; 426, rotating plate; 427, dish-shaped grinding wheel grinder; 428, second limiting rod; 429, L-shaped plate; 430, reciprocating plate; 431, reciprocating lead screw; 5, clamping mechanism; 51, L-shaped support plate; 52, rotating rod; 53, extrusion rod; 54, arc-shaped extrusion plate; 55, third limiting rod; 56, third threaded rod; 57, limiting plate; 58, chain drive structure. Detailed Embodiment

[0036] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0038] Embodiment: Refer to Figures 1 to 9 , a precision finishing equipment for manufacturing a reducer gear shaft, comprising:

[0039] An operating table 1, a fixing groove is opened at the top of the operating table 1, and a circular plate 2 is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the fixing groove;

[0040] Gear data detection mechanism 4, the gear data detection mechanism 4 includes a detection head 41 for detection. Inside the detection head 41, a detection cavity 42 and a detection groove 43 are respectively provided in an up-and-down arrangement. Inside the detection cavity 42, a tooth depth detection component 44 is provided, and inside the detection groove 43, a tooth number detection component 45 and a tooth inclination detection component 46 are provided;

[0041] The tooth depth detection component 44 includes a plurality of detection holes 441 linearly arrayed on the outer wall of the detection head 41, and the detection holes 441 communicate with the detection cavity 42. A resistance ring is embedded on the inner wall of the detection hole 441, and a conductive ring 443 in contact with the resistance ring is slidably arranged in the detection hole 441. A detection rod 444 is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral wall of the conductive ring 443;

[0042] The tooth depth detection component 44 further includes an electromagnetic plate 445 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection cavity 42. A plastic spring 446 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the electromagnetic plate 445. The other end of the plastic spring 446 is fixedly connected to a permanent magnet block 442 magnetically repulsive to the electromagnetic plate 445. The other end of the permanent magnet block 442 is fixedly connected to one end of the detection rod 444. A pressure sensor is embedded on the outer wall of the detection head 41. The conductive ring 443 and the resistance ring are electrically connected to a current detector. The current detector and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to a PLC controller to form a first detection circuit. The conductive ring 443 and the resistance ring constitute a first sliding rheostat. During the sliding process of the conductive ring 443 on the resistance ring towards the test rod 453, the resistance of the first sliding rheostat in the first detection circuit gradually decreases.

[0043] The tooth number detection component 45 includes a fixed rod 451 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection groove 43. A detection block 452 is elastically hinged to the outer wall of the fixed rod 451. A test rod 453 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection block 452 away from the detection head 41. A fixed block 454 is fixedly connected to the top end of the detection block 452. A conductive ball 455 is fixedly connected to the top end of the fixed block 454. A conductive plate 456 in intermittent contact with the conductive ball 455 is slidably connected to the inner top wall of the detection groove 43;

[0044] The tooth number detection component 45 further includes a fixing plate 457 fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the detection groove 43. A third electromagnetic telescopic rod 458 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing plate 457. The telescopic end of the third electromagnetic telescopic rod 458 is fixedly connected to the conductive plate 456. The conductive plate 456 is electrically connected to the current detector to form a second detection circuit. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the third electromagnetic telescopic rod 458 and the electromagnetic plate 445 to form an adjustment circuit. After the tooth depth detection is completed, the third electromagnetic telescopic rod 458 is energized, and then the conductive plate 456 is retracted.

[0045] The tooth inclination detection assembly 46 includes an arc-shaped resistor plate 461 fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection groove 43, and a power-carrying piece 462 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection block 452 away from the test rod 453. The power-carrying piece 462 is in sliding contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped resistor plate 461. The power-carrying piece 462 and the arc-shaped resistor plate 461 are electrically connected to the current detector and form a third detection circuit. The power-carrying piece 462 and the arc-shaped resistor plate 461 constitute a second sliding rheostat. During the sliding process of the power-carrying piece 462 on the arc-shaped resistor plate 461 toward the two sides of the arc-shaped resistor plate 461, the resistance of the second sliding rheostat in the third detection circuit gradually decreases.

[0046] A protective shell 47 is slidably provided at the top of the operating table 1, and a first motor is fixedly connected to the top of the protective shell 47, and a first threaded rod 49 is fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor, and the bottom end of the first threaded rod 49 is rotatably contacted with a second threaded rod 410, and the bottom end of the second threaded rod 410 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the protective shell 47, and a first limiting rod 411 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell 47, and the outer walls of the first threaded rod 49 and the second threaded rod 410 are sleeved with a first connecting plate 412, and the first limiting rod 411 slides through the first connecting plate 412, and the outer wall of the first connecting plate 412 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection head 41;

[0047] The outer walls of the first threaded rod 49 and the second threaded rod 410 are sleeved with a threaded sleeve 413, and the outer wall of the threaded sleeve 413 is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped swivel ring 414. The outer wall of the threaded sleeve 413 is rotatably provided with a second connecting plate 415, and the first limiting rod 411 slides through the second connecting plate 415, and the inner peripheral wall of the second connecting plate 415 is fixedly provided with a rotation groove 416, which is rotatably connected to the arc-shaped swivel ring 414. The inner peripheral wall of the second connecting plate 415 is provided with a first sliding hole 417, and the outer peripheral wall of the threaded sleeve 413 is provided with a first limiting hole 418. The inner wall of the first sliding hole 417 is fixedly connected to the first electromagnetic telescopic rod 419, and the telescopic end of the first electromagnetic telescopic rod 419 is fixedly connected to the first insertion rod 420, and the first insertion rod 420 is engaged with the first limiting hole 418.

[0048] After the data detection of the gear is completed, the PLC controller controls the first connecting plate 412 to return to its initial state, and then energizes the first electromagnetic telescopic rod 419 to drive the first insertion rod 420 to be withdrawn from the first limiting hole 418. At the same time, the second electromagnetic telescopic rod 422 is energized, and the second insertion rod 423 is pushed forward by the second electromagnetic telescopic rod 422. When the second limiting hole 424 of the threaded sleeve 413 is opposite to the second sliding hole 421, the second insertion rod 423 is inserted into the second sliding hole 421, connecting the threaded sleeve 413 and the second connecting plate 415 together. Therefore, through the rotation of the first threaded rod 49 and the limitation of the second connecting plate 415 by the first limiting rod 411, the second connecting plate 415 can slide outside the first limiting rod 411;

[0049] The bottom end of the first threaded rod 49 is provided with a second sliding hole 421. The inner top wall of the second sliding hole 421 is fixedly connected with a second electromagnetic telescopic rod 422. The telescopic end of the second electromagnetic telescopic rod 422 is fixedly connected with a second insertion rod 423. The top end of the second threaded rod 410 is provided with a second limiting hole 424. The second insertion rod 423 is engaged with the second limiting hole 424. In the initial state, the first insertion rod 420 is not inside the first limiting hole 418, and the second insertion rod 423 is inside the second limiting hole 424.

[0050] The outer wall of the second connecting plate 415 is fixedly connected with a vertical plate 425. The outer wall of the vertical plate 425 is rotatably connected with a rotating plate 426. A dish grinding wheel grinder 427 is detachably arranged on the outer wall of the rotating plate 426. The other outer wall of the vertical plate 425 is fixedly connected with a second motor for driving the rotating plate 426. The PLC controller is electrically connected with the first motor, the dish grinding wheel grinder 427, the second motor, the second electromagnetic telescopic rod 422, and the first electromagnetic telescopic rod 419 to form a drive circuit.

[0051] The top end of the operating table 1 is fixedly connected with an L-shaped plate 429. The top end of the L-shaped plate 429 is fixedly connected with a third motor. The output end of the third motor is fixedly connected with a reciprocating lead screw 431. A reciprocating plate 430 is sleeved on the outer wall of the reciprocating lead screw 431. The inner top end of the L-shaped plate 429 and the upper top end of the operating table 1 are jointly fixedly connected with a second limiting rod 428. The second limiting rod 428 slidably penetrates through the reciprocating plate 430. The outer wall of the reciprocating plate 430 away from the L-shaped plate 429 is fixedly connected with an infrared emitter 48. An infrared receiving board for receiving the infrared rays emitted by the infrared emitter 48 is embedded in the inner wall of the protective shell 47. The infrared receiving board, the infrared emitter 48, and the PLC controller are electrically connected to form a fourth detection circuit. Among them, the initial position of the infrared emitter 48 is at the lowest point of the reciprocating lead screw 431. The upper end of the infrared receiving board and the lowest point of the upper arc-shaped pressing plate 54 are at the same horizontal plane, and the lower end of the infrared receiving board and the highest point of the lower arc-shaped pressing plate 54 are at the same horizontal plane.

[0052] It further includes a clamping mechanism 5. The clamping mechanism 5 includes an L-shaped support plate 51 fixedly connected to the top end of the operating table 1. Three rotation rods 52 arranged in a circumferential array are rotatably provided at the top ends of the circular plate 2 and the upper bottom surface of the L-shaped support plate 51. An extrusion rod 53 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the rotation rod 52. The other end of the extrusion rod 53 is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped extrusion plate 54. Ball bearings are rotatably provided on the inner peripheral walls of the three arc-shaped extrusion plates 54 located above. A third motor is fixedly connected to the top end of the L-shaped support plate 51. The output end of the third motor is fixedly connected to one of the rotation rods 52 located above. Anti-slip pads are provided on the extrusion surfaces of the three arc-shaped extrusion plates 54 located below.

[0053] A circular box 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the circular plate 2. The rotation rods 52 located below all rotatably penetrate through the bottom end of the circular plate 2 and extend into the circular box 3. A fourth motor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the circular box 3. The output end of the fourth motor is fixedly connected to one of the rotation rods 52 located below. Chain drive structures 58 are drivingly connected to the outer walls of the rotation rods 52 located above and below. Two symmetrically arranged support legs are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the operating table 1. A cross plate is fixedly connected between the two support legs. A fifth motor is fixedly connected to the top end of the cross plate. The output end of the fifth motor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the circular box 3.

[0054] A sixth motor is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the L-shaped plate 429. The output end of the sixth motor is fixedly connected to a third threaded rod 56. A limit plate 57 is fixedly connected to the top end of the operating table 1. A third limit rod 55 is fixedly connected between the limit plate 57 and the L-shaped plate 429. Threaded connection blocks and sliding connection blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the protective shell 47. The threaded connection blocks are threadedly sleeved on the outer wall of the third threaded rod 56. The third limit rod 55 slidably penetrates through the sliding connection blocks. The PLC controller is electrically connected to the third motor, the fourth motor, the fifth motor, and the sixth motor and forms a total control circuit.

[0055] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0056] First, place the gear shaft to be finely processed on the circular plate 2. Then, by starting the third motor and the fourth motor, drive the rotation rods 52 located above and below respectively through the third motor and the fourth motor. Then, drive the remaining rotation rods 52 to rotate in the same direction through the chain drive structure 58. Through the rotation of the rotation rods 52, drive the arc-shaped extrusion plates 54 to rotate towards the gear shaft. Through the extrusion of the arc-shaped extrusion plates 54, the gear shaft can be automatically extruded to the center of the circular plate 2.

[0057] Then, start the third motor. Through the limitation of the reciprocating plate 430 by the second limiting rod 428, the reciprocating plate 430 drives the infrared emitter 48 to move upward. Meanwhile, the infrared rays emitted by the infrared emitter 48 will be received by the infrared receiving plate. As the infrared emitter 48 moves to the position of the gear on the gear shaft, the infrared rays received by the infrared receiving plate will instantaneously decrease. The reason is that the gear is on the propagation path between the infrared emitter 48 and the infrared receiving plate, blocking the propagation of the infrared rays and causing the number of infrared rays that can reach the infrared receiving plate to instantaneously decrease. This is the lowest point of the gear on the gear shaft. When the infrared rays received by the infrared receiving plate instantaneously increase, this is the highest point of the gear on the gear shaft (when the infrared rays received by the infrared receiving plate change, an electrical signal is sent to the PLC controller through the infrared receiving plate). Through the calculation module in the PLC controller, the distance that the infrared emitter 48 moves upward can be known based on the running time and rotational speed of the third motor, and then the position of the gear and the height of the gear can be known.

[0058] Through the above PLC controller, calculate the position of the gear, control the first motor to start, and control the rotational speed and time of the first motor, so that the first connecting plate 412 moves to the same horizontal plane as the lowest part of the gear on the gear shaft. The moving mode of the first connecting plate 412 is as follows: drive the first threaded rod 49 to rotate through the first motor, and then drive the second threaded rod 410 to rotate synchronously. And through the limitation of the first limiting rod 411, the first connecting plate 412 moves upward. After the first connecting plate 412 finishes moving, turn off the first motor and start the sixth motor through the PLC controller;

[0059] Drive the third threaded rod 56 to rotate through the sixth motor. Meanwhile, through the limitation of the third limiting rod 55, the threaded connection block and the sliding connection block drive the protective shell 47 to move synchronously, and then drive the detection head 41 to move forward until the pressure sensor in front of the detection head 41 senses a pressure signal and sends an electrical signal to the PLC controller. Turn off the sixth motor through the PLC controller and record the position of the detection head 41 at this time. At this time, the detection head 41 contacts the side of the gear on the gear shaft;

[0060] Control the electromagnetic plate 445 to be energized through the PLC controller. Through the repulsive force of the electromagnetic plate 445 on the permanent magnet block 442, the permanent magnet block 442 pushes the detection rod 444 to move forward. Since the gear has teeth, a part of the detection rod 444 will hit the teeth of the gear, and a part will hit the tooth grooves of the gear. Therefore, the detection rod 444 that hits the tooth grooves moves forward a longer distance. And during the forward movement of the detection rod 444, it drives the conductive ring 443 to slide in the resistor. Then, detect the current passing through the first sliding rheostat through the current detector, and feedback the depth of the tooth groove from the current passing through the sliding rheostat;

[0061] Then, the PLC controller is used to control the sixth motor to reverse, thereby resetting the protective shell 47. Then, the PLC controller is used to control the first motor to start, so that the detection head 41 rises a certain distance (this distance is pre-tested to move the test rod 453 to the position of the above-mentioned detection rod 444, and the moving distance each time is the same, because the distance between the detection rod 444 and the test rod 453 is the same. At this time, the test rod 453 is at the lowest position of the gear). Then, the sixth motor is reversed again to move the detection head 41 back to the above position. Since the test rod 453 is longer than the detection head 41, the test rod 453 can enter the tooth groove (at this time, manual observation is required. If the test rod 453 hits the tooth groove, manual additional assistance is needed to control the fifth motor to rotate. The fifth motor drives the round box 3 and the round plate 2 to rotate, thereby driving the gear shaft to rotate slightly to insert the test rod 453 into the tooth groove).

[0062] Then, the PLC controller is used to control the fifth motor to start, thereby driving the gear shaft to rotate slowly by 360 degrees. Therefore, the rotation of the gear is driven by the gear shaft, and then the test rod 453 is slowly hit by each tooth on the gear, thereby driving the test rod 453 to tilt (since the test rod 453 and the detection block 452 are elastically hinged to the fixed rod 451, after each impact, the detection rod 444 will be reset to continue the impact). The tilt of the test rod 453 will cause the detection block 452 to drive the conductive ball 455 to contact the conductive plate 456 through the lever principle. The number of teeth of the gear can be determined by the number of contacts between the conductive ball 455 and the conductive plate 456;

[0063] Then, the PLC controller is used to control the fifth motor to start. The fifth motor slowly drives the gear shaft to rotate. When the tooth of the gear touches the head of the test rod 453, the detection block 452 will drive the energized piece 462 to move slightly on the arc-shaped resistance plate 461. When the current passing through the second sliding rheostat changes, the PLC controller is used to control the fifth motor to rotate in the reverse direction. When the tooth of the gear contacts the head of the test rod 453 again after the reverse rotation, the current passing through the second sliding rheostat will change. At this time, the PLC controller can obtain the distance between two teeth according to the rotation speed and rotation time of the fifth motor;

[0064] At this time, the head of the test rod 453 contacts the tooth of the gear. Therefore, by starting the first motor, the detection head 41 is moved upward. If it is an inclined gear, the inclination of the tooth will cause the detection rod 444 to tilt to one side, and the detection block 452 will drive the energized piece 462 to slide on the arc-shaped resistance plate 461. Due to the above-mentioned pre-tested gear height, the detection head 41 can be controlled to move the same height. Then, the inclination angle of the tooth can be obtained by the current of the second sliding rheostat and the pre-known gear height;

[0065] Based on the pre-known inclination angle of the teeth, the gear depth, and the depth of the gear, the rotation angle of the rotating plate 426 driven by the second motor can be controlled by the PLC controller, so that the inclination angle of the dish grinding wheel 427 is consistent with that of the gear teeth, facilitating the fine grinding of the gear by the dish grinding wheel 427. Moreover, the distance that the dish grinding wheel 427 moves forward can be controlled by the PLC controller, enabling the full grinding of the gear teeth. Additionally, the distance that the dish grinding wheel 427 moves up and down can be controlled according to the height of the gear. Through pre-tests, it is found that after the dish grinding wheel 427 grinds back and forth twice, the dish grinding wheel 427 moves down a relatively long distance. At this time, the fifth motor is controlled by the PLC controller to rotate a certain angle (this angle is adaptively adjusted according to the number of gear teeth, and the center of the gear shaft remains unchanged. The distance that the detection head 41 moves forward can be calculated, so the circumference of the outer ring of the gear can be marked. Therefore, the rotation angle of the gear shaft can be known each time according to the number of teeth, and then the gear on the gear shaft can be continuously and finely ground).

[0066] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. However, such modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A manufacturing and finishing equipment for a reducer gear shaft, characterized in that, Including: An operating table (1), a fixing groove is formed at the top of the operating table (1), and a circular plate (2) is rotatably arranged on the inner wall of the fixing groove; A gear data detection mechanism (4), the gear data detection mechanism (4) includes a detection head (41) for detection, detection cavities (42) and detection grooves (43) are respectively formed inside the detection head (41) and arranged up and down, a tooth depth detection component (44) is arranged inside the detection cavity (42), and a tooth number detection component (45) and a tooth inclination detection component (46) are arranged inside the detection groove (43); The tooth depth detection component (44) includes a plurality of detection holes (441) linearly arranged on the outer wall of the detection head (41), and the detection holes (441) are communicated with the detection cavity (42), a resistance ring is embedded on the inner wall of the detection hole (441), a conductive ring (443) in contact with the resistance ring is slidably arranged inside the detection hole (441), and a detection rod (444) is fixedly connected to the inner peripheral wall of the conductive ring (443); The tooth number detection component (45) includes a fixing rod (451) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection groove (43), a detection block (452) is elastically hinged to the outer wall of the fixing rod (451), a test rod (453) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection block (452) away from the detection head (41), a fixing block (454) is fixedly connected to the top of the detection block (452), a conductive ball (455) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing block (454), and a conductive plate (456) in intermittent contact with the conductive ball (455) is slidably connected to the inner top wall of the detection groove (43); A pressure sensor is embedded on the outer wall of the detection head (41), the conductive ring (443) and the resistance ring are electrically connected to a current detector, and the current detector and the pressure sensor are electrically connected to a PLC controller to form a first detection circuit; The tooth number detection component (45) further includes a fixing plate (457) fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the detection groove (43), a third electromagnetic telescopic rod (458) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the fixing plate (457), the telescopic end of the third electromagnetic telescopic rod (458) is fixedly connected to the conductive plate (456), the conductive plate (456) is electrically connected to the current detector to form a second detection circuit, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the third electromagnetic telescopic rod (458) and the electromagnetic plate (445) to form an adjustment circuit; The tooth inclination detection component (46) includes an arc-shaped resistance plate (461) fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the detection groove (43), a power-on piece (462) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection block (452) away from the test rod (453), the power-on piece (462) is in sliding contact with the outer wall of the arc-shaped resistance plate (461), and the power-on piece (462), the arc-shaped resistance plate (461) and the current detector are electrically connected to form a third detection circuit; A protective shell (47) is slidably arranged at the top end of the operating table (1). A first motor is fixedly connected to the top end of the protective shell (47). The output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to a first threaded rod (49). The bottom end of the first threaded rod (49) is in rotational contact with a second threaded rod (410). The bottom end of the second threaded rod (410) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the protective shell (47). A first limiting rod (411) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective shell (47). The outer walls of the first threaded rod (49) and the second threaded rod (410) are sleeved with a first connecting plate (412), and the first limiting rod (411) slidably penetrates through the first connecting plate (412). The outer wall of the first connecting plate (412) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the detection head (41). A second sliding hole (421) is opened at the bottom end of the first threaded rod (49). A second electromagnetic telescopic rod (422) is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the second sliding hole (421). The telescopic end of the second electromagnetic telescopic rod (422) is fixedly connected to a second inserting rod (423). A second limiting hole (424) is opened at the top end of the second threaded rod (410). The second inserting rod (423) is engaged with the second limiting hole (424).

2. The finishing equipment for manufacturing a reduction gearbox gear shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tooth depth detection assembly (44) further includes an electromagnetic plate (445) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the detection cavity (42). A plastic spring (446) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the electromagnetic plate (445). The other end of the plastic spring (446) is fixedly connected to a permanent magnet block (442) magnetically repulsive to the electromagnetic plate (445). The other end of the permanent magnet block (442) is fixedly connected to one end of a detection rod (444).

3. The finishing equipment for manufacturing a reduction gearbox gear shaft according to claim 1, wherein, The outer walls of the first threaded rod (49) and the second threaded rod (410) are sleeved with a threaded sleeve (413). An arc-shaped rotating ring (414) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the threaded sleeve (413). A second connecting plate (415) is rotatably arranged on the outer wall of the threaded sleeve (413), and the first limiting rod (411) slidably penetrates through the second connecting plate (415). A rotating groove (416) is fixedly opened on the inner peripheral wall of the second connecting plate (415). The rotating groove (416) is rotatably connected to the arc-shaped rotating ring (414). A first sliding hole (417) is opened on the inner peripheral wall of the second connecting plate (415). A first limiting hole (418) is opened on the outer peripheral wall of the threaded sleeve (413). A first electromagnetic telescopic rod (419) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first sliding hole (417). The telescopic end of the first electromagnetic telescopic rod (419) is fixedly connected to a first inserting rod (420). The first inserting rod (420) is engaged with the first limiting hole (418).

4. A finishing equipment for manufacturing a reduction gearbox gear shaft according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the second connecting plate (415) is fixedly connected to a vertical plate (425), the outer wall of the vertical plate (425) is rotatably connected to a rotating plate (426), the outer wall of the rotating plate (426) is detachably provided with a disc grinding wheel grinder (427), the outer wall of the other side of the vertical plate (425) is fixedly connected to a second motor for driving the rotating plate (426), and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the first motor, the disc grinding wheel grinder (427), the second motor, the second electromagnetic telescopic rod (422), and the first electromagnetic telescopic rod (419) to form a drive circuit.

5. A finishing equipment for manufacturing a speed reducer gear shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The top of the operating table (1) is fixedly connected to an L-shaped plate (429), the top of the L-shaped plate (429) is fixedly connected to a third motor, the output end of the third motor is fixedly connected to a reciprocating screw (431), the outer wall of the reciprocating screw (431) is sleeved with a reciprocating plate (430), the inner top of the L-shaped plate (429) and the upper top of the operating table (1) are fixedly connected to a second limiting rod (428), the second limiting rod (428) slides through the reciprocating plate (430), the outer wall of the reciprocating plate (430) away from the L-shaped plate (429) is fixedly connected to an infrared transmitter (48), the inner wall of the protective shell (47) is embedded with an infrared receiving board for receiving infrared rays emitted by the infrared transmitter (48), the infrared receiving board and the infrared transmitter (48) are connected to the PLC controller electrical signal to form a fourth detection circuit.

6. The finishing equipment for manufacturing a speed reducer gear shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (5) further comprises an L-shaped support plate (51) fixedly connected to the top of the operating table (1), the top of the circular plate (2) and the upper bottom surface of the L-shaped support plate (51) are both rotatably provided with three rotating rods (52) arranged in a circumferential array, the outer wall of the rotating rod (52) is fixedly connected to an extrusion rod (53), the other end of the extrusion rod (53) is fixedly connected to an arc-shaped extrusion plate (54), the inner circumferential walls of the three arc-shaped extrusion plates (54) at the top are rotatably provided with balls, the top of the L-shaped support plate (51) is fixedly connected to a third motor, and the output end of the third motor is fixedly connected to one of the rotating rods (52) at the top; The bottom end of the circular plate (2) is fixedly connected to a circular box (3), and the rotating rods (52) at the bottom rotate through the bottom end of the circular plate (2) and extend into the circular box (3). The bottom end of the circular box (3) is fixedly connected to a fourth motor, and the output end of the fourth motor is fixedly connected to one of the rotating rods (52) at the bottom. The outer walls of the rotating rods (52) at the top and bottom are both connected to a chain transmission structure (58). The bottom end of the operating table (1) is fixedly connected to two symmetrical supporting legs, and a horizontal plate is fixedly connected between the two supporting legs. The top end of the horizontal plate is fixedly connected to a fifth motor, and the output end of the fifth motor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the circular box (3).

7. A finishing equipment for manufacturing a reduction gearbox gear shaft according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer wall of the L-shaped plate (429) is fixedly connected with a sixth motor, the output end of the sixth motor is fixedly connected with a third threaded rod (56), the top end of the operating table (1) is fixedly connected with a limiting plate (57), a third limiting rod (55) is fixedly connected between the limiting plate (57) and the L-shaped plate (429), threaded connection blocks and sliding connection blocks are respectively fixedly connected to the outer walls on both sides of the protective shell (47), the threaded connection block threaded sleeve (413) is sleeved on the outer wall of the third threaded rod (56), the third limiting rod (55) slidably penetrates through the sliding connection block, and the PLC controller is electrically connected to the third motor, the fourth motor, the fifth motor, and the sixth motor to form a total control loop.

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