Automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding devices, and discloses an automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles. Comprising a welding swing table, a welding mechanical arm arranged on one side of the welding swing table, two clamping mechanisms symmetrically arranged above the welding swing table, a bogie cross beam arranged between the two clamping mechanisms, two adjusting mechanisms symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the welding swing table, and bogie side frames arranged above the adjusting mechanisms. Through the arranged clamping mechanism, when the bogie cross beam with two clamped columns needs to be clamped, two deformation clamping plates and two fixed clamping plates on a first threaded rod and a second threaded rod move oppositely, and when the bogie cross beam with one clamped column needs to be clamped, the two deformation clamping plates and the two fixed clamping plates on the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod move oppositely. And two fixed clamping plates on the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod move oppositely, so that the effect of stably clamping bogie cross beams in different geometrical shapes is achieved, and the reliability and consistency of welding quality are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding devices, and in particular to an automatic welding device for metal parts of a rail vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Automatic welding devices for metal parts of rail vehicles are mechanical equipment used to weld metal parts of rail vehicles efficiently and accurately. They are widely used in the welding processes of body structures, frames, chassis and other parts in the rail transit industry. Bogies are key parts of rail vehicle operation, including frames, axles, wheelsets, suspension systems, etc. Automatic welding is often used to manufacture the main structural components of bogies to ensure welding quality and accuracy to meet the requirements of high strength and high durability.

[0003] A frame welding method and device, a bogie and a rail vehicle are disclosed in the patent publication number CN113210860A. The frame welding method includes the following steps: based on the deformation of each connection on the frame body obtained in advance, a plurality of spot welding fixed positions set at intervals on the frame body are determined to form a discontinuous zero-gap groove structure on the frame body; spot welding is performed on each spot welding fixed position in turn; and continuous laser welding is performed on each connection in turn to fill all connections. The method can first perform spot welding on the position where the deformation meets the requirements, and then cover the spot welding bead with a continuous weld bead of continuous laser welding, thereby reducing or even avoiding the defects of continuous tolerance, uneven gap, difficult manual alignment, and excessive difficulty in manual operation and automated manufacturing during the frame welding process, and improving the rapid and accurate positioning and efficient assembly of the structure, and realizing rapid quantitative welding positioning filling and precise and labor-saving anti-deformation control.

[0004] The prior art has the following defects: Insufficient clamping stability of the bogie: During the welding process, especially with automated welding equipment, the workpiece will be affected by the movement of the welding gun or the vibration of the equipment itself, and high temperature will be generated during welding, causing the metal to expand and contract. If the clamping is unstable, the bogie may move or deform during the welding process, resulting in structural deformation after welding, affecting the overall dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties. At the same time, the design of existing fixtures fails to fully consider the complex geometric shape of the bogie, resulting in unstable clamping points or uneven force distribution, causing the workpiece to move or vibrate. Therefore, it is necessary to set a structure that adapts to the complex shape of the bogie beam and provides stable support to ensure the reliability and consistency of the welding quality.

[0005] Insufficient resistance to vibration and thermal stress generated by welding: The workpiece is prone to loosening or shifting due to vibration during welding. The thermal stress during welding will cause thermal expansion and deformation of the workpiece, thereby affecting the welding accuracy and quality. If the vibration and thermal stress generated during welding cannot be effectively dispersed and absorbed, the workpiece will become unstable during the welding process. Therefore, it is necessary to set up a structure that can clamp the welding joints at multiple points and can be dynamically clamped, thereby improving the resistance to vibration and thermal stress, thereby improving the welding quality and production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the problems in the prior art such as insufficient clamping stability of the bogie and insufficient resistance to vibration and welding thermal stress generated by welding, an automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles is proposed.

[0007] The present application provides an automatic welding device for metal parts of rail vehicles, the purpose of which is to stably clamp bogie beams of different geometric shapes by setting a flippable deformable clamp in the clamping mechanism to ensure the reliability and consistency of welding quality, and to dynamically clamp and dampen the side frames by setting stress offset components and support shock-absorbing components to achieve the effect of improving welding quality and production efficiency.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is: an automatic welding device for metal parts of a rail vehicle, comprising a welding swing table, a welding mechanical arm arranged on one side of the welding swing table, two clamping mechanisms symmetrically arranged above the welding swing table, a bogie crossbeam arranged between the two clamping mechanisms, two adjustment mechanisms symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding swing table, and a bogie side frame arranged above the adjustment mechanism, two clamped columns or one clamped column are present at both ends of the bogie crossbeam, and the clamping mechanism comprises a power assembly and a clamping base fixedly connected to the top of the welding swing table; The inner wall of the clamping base is provided with two movable grooves, and the inner walls of the two movable grooves are provided with flipping grooves. The inner wall of the clamping base is rotatably connected to two flipping shafts, and the outer walls of the two flipping shafts are fixedly connected to limit stoppers. The two limit stoppers are flipped inside the clamping base through the two flipping shafts respectively, so as to limit the movable length of the two movable grooves, so that the movable length of the movable grooves can be divided into short-distance movement and long-distance movement.

[0009] By adopting the above scheme, through the setting of the limit baffle, when it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam with two clamped columns, the limit block is in the moving groove, and the movable length of the moving groove is a short distance movement. Then the power assembly is started to clamp the bogie crossbeam with two clamped columns. When it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam with one clamped column, the limit block is flipped at the flip axis, and the movable length of the moving groove is a long distance movement. Then the power assembly is started to clamp the bogie crossbeam with one clamped column, thereby greatly improving the stability of clamping.

[0010] Furthermore, the power assembly includes a rotating cylinder fixedly connected to the top of the welding swing table, and a first threaded rod and a second threaded rod respectively rotatably connected to the inside of the clamping base, one end of the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod are respectively fixedly connected to a transmission gear and a driven gear, the transmission gear is meshed with the driven gear, and the end of the transmission gear away from the clamping base is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating cylinder.

[0011] Furthermore, outer walls of the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod are both threadedly connected with a deformation wheel and a fixed clamping plate, and the outer wall of the deformation wheel is rotatably connected with the deformation clamping plate.

[0012] Furthermore, when the clamping mechanism is used to clamp a bogie crossbeam having two clamped columns, the movable length of the movable groove is a short distance movement, the deformable clamping plate does not contact the flipping groove, and the two deformable clamping plates and the two fixed clamping plates move in the two movable grooves respectively to clamp the bogie crossbeam having two clamped columns.

[0013] Furthermore, when the clamping mechanism is used to clamp a bogie crossbeam having a clamped column, the movable length of the movable groove is a long-distance movement, the deformable clamp plate is flipped to the back of the movable groove through the flip groove, and the two fixed clamp plates move in the two movable grooves to clamp the bogie crossbeam having a clamped column.

[0014] By adopting the above scheme, through the deformable clamping plate, when it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam with two clamped columns, the limit stopper blocks the fixed clamping plate to prevent the deformable clamping plate from moving into the flipping groove, and then the rotating cylinder is started, and the output end of the rotating cylinder drives the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod to move oppositely in the two moving grooves respectively through the transmission gear and the driven gear, and the bogie crossbeam with two clamped columns is clamped by the two deformable clamping plates and two fixed clamping plates on the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod. When it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam with one clamped column, the deformable clamping plate is moved to the flipping groove, and the deformable clamping plate is flipped to the back of the clamping base at the deforming wheel to avoid the deformable clamping plate blocking the bogie crossbeam, and then the power assembly is started to make the two fixed clamping plates on the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod move oppositely to clamp the bogie crossbeam with one clamped column.

[0015] Furthermore, the adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment platform slidably connected to the welding swing platform, and a support shock-absorbing component is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment platform.

[0016] Furthermore, the support shock-absorbing assembly includes a shock-absorbing spring fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment platform, the top of the shock-absorbing spring is fixedly connected to the support platform, the inner wall of the support platform is rotatably connected to opposing threaded rods, the end of the opposing threaded rods away from the welding swing platform is fixedly connected to an adjusting handwheel, the outer walls of the opposing threaded rods are threadedly connected to two rubber anti-slip blocks that move in opposite directions, and the outer walls of the two rubber anti-slip blocks are in contact with the inner wall of the bogie side frame.

[0017] By adopting the above scheme, the bogie side frame is placed on the support platform, and the adjusting hand wheel is turned to make the two rubber anti-sliding blocks move toward each other on the opposite threaded rods to clamp the bogie side frame, and then the side of the bogie side frame is moved to the end point of the clamped column by moving the adjustment platform to leave a certain gap, and the welding robot arm welds the welding point under the swing of the welding swing platform, and by arranging a shock-absorbing spring between the support platform and the adjustment platform, the vibration generated by the welding can be effectively damped.

[0018] Furthermore, two symmetrically arranged pneumatic output devices are fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment platform, the inner walls of the two pneumatic output devices are fixedly connected to pneumatic pipelines, one end of the two pneumatic pipelines is fixedly connected to a stress compensation component, and a slide rail is provided on the top of the adjustment platform.

[0019] Furthermore, the stress compensation component includes two pneumatic trolleys movably connected to the inner wall of the slide rail, the inner wall of the pneumatic trolley is rotatably connected to a steering rod, the outer wall of the steering rod is fixedly connected to a steering handwheel, both ends of the steering rod are fixedly connected to connecting plates, the outer wall of the connecting plate is fixedly connected to an output cylinder, the output end of the output cylinder is fixedly connected to a rubber extrusion block, and the outer wall of the rubber extrusion block is in contact with the outer wall of the bogie side frame.

[0020] By adopting the above scheme, compressed gas is output through the pneumatic output device and transported to the pneumatic trolley through the pneumatic pipeline, so that the pneumatic trolley moves along the slide rail to the vicinity of the welding position, and the rubber extrusion block is squeezed to the vicinity of the welding position of the bogie side frame by running the output cylinder. Each output cylinder can adjust the force according to the stress size to offset the stress to the maximum extent, and by twisting the steering handwheel, the steering rod can drive the connecting plate to rotate, thereby expanding the range of dynamic clamping, and retracting into the direction of the adjustment table when rotating to the maximum extent, so as to avoid the stress offset component blocking the removal and placement of the bogie side frame.

[0021] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Through the set clamping mechanism, when it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam with two clamped columns, the limit block is in the moving groove to block the fixed clamp plate to prevent the deformed clamp plate from moving into the flipping groove, and at the same time, the power assembly is started to make the two deformed clamp plates and the two fixed clamp plates on the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod move towards each other. When it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam with a clamped column, the limit block is flipped at the flipping axis, the deformed clamp plate is moved to the flipping groove, and the deformed clamp plate is flipped to the back of the clamping base at the deforming wheel to prevent the deformed clamp plate from blocking the bogie crossbeam, and then the power assembly is started to make the two fixed clamp plates on the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod move towards each other, thereby playing a role in stably clamping the bogie crossbeams with different geometric shapes, thereby ensuring the reliability and consistency of the welding quality.

[0022] The bogie side frame is placed on a supporting platform, and the adjusting hand wheel is turned to make two rubber anti-sliding blocks move toward each other on opposite threaded rods to clamp the bogie side frame. Then, the side surface of the bogie side frame is moved to the end point of the clamped column by moving the adjusting platform to leave a certain gap. The welding point is welded by the welding robot arm under the swing of the welding swing platform. In addition, a shock-absorbing spring is arranged between the supporting platform and the adjusting platform, so that the vibration generated by the welding can be effectively damped.

[0023] The compressed gas is output through the pneumatic output device and transported to the pneumatic trolley through the pneumatic pipeline, so that the pneumatic trolley moves along the slide rail to the vicinity of the welding part. The rubber extrusion block is squeezed to the vicinity of the welding part of the bogie side frame by running the output cylinder. Each output cylinder can adjust the strength according to the stress size, thereby improving the resistance to thermal stress, thereby achieving the effect of improving welding quality and production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a top view of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bogie side frame of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the bogie crossbeam of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 The structural diagram of the enlarged part at A in the middle; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the clamping mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the state change of the deformed splint of the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the adjustment platform of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the stress compensation component of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the support and shock absorbing assembly of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure: 1. Welding swing table; 2. Welding robot arm; 3. Bogie side frame; 4. Bogie crossbeam; 5. Clamping mechanism; 51. Power assembly; 511. Rotating cylinder; 512. Transmission gear; 513. Driven gear; 514. First threaded rod; 515. Second threaded rod; 52. Clamping base; 53. Moving groove; 54. Turning groove; 55. Turning shaft; 56. Limit stopper; 57. Deformation clamping plate; 58. Deformation wheel; 59. Fixed clamping plate; 6 , adjustment mechanism; 61, adjustment table; 62, pneumatic output device; 63, slide rail; 64, pneumatic pipeline; 65, stress compensation component; 651, pneumatic trolley; 652, steering hand wheel; 653, steering rod; 654, connecting plate; 655, output cylinder; 656, rubber extrusion block; 66, support shock absorbing component; 661, shock absorbing spring; 662, support table; 663, adjustment hand wheel; 664, opposing threaded rod; 665, rubber anti-sliding block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Example 1, reference Figure 1 - Fig. 9 , Fig.12 , which is the first embodiment of the present invention, provides an automatic welding device for metal parts of a rail vehicle, including a welding swing table 1, a welding robot arm 2 arranged on one side of the welding swing table 1, two clamping mechanisms 5 symmetrically arranged above the welding swing table 1, a bogie crossbeam 4 arranged between the two clamping mechanisms 5, two adjustment mechanisms 6 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding swing table 1, and a bogie side frame 3 arranged above the adjustment mechanism 6, there are two clamped columns or one clamped column at both ends of the bogie crossbeam 4, the clamping mechanism 5 includes a power assembly 51 and a clamping base 52 fixedly connected to the top of the welding swing table 1.

[0028] Reference Figure 5 - Figure 8 Two movable grooves 53 are provided on the inner wall of the clamping base 52, and flip grooves 54 are provided on the inner walls of the two movable grooves 53. The inner wall of the clamping base 52 is rotatably connected to two flip shafts 55, and the outer walls of the two flip shafts 55 are fixedly connected to limit blocks 56. The two limit blocks 56 are flipped inside the clamping base 52 through the two flip shafts 55 respectively, so as to limit the movable length of the two movable grooves 53, so that the movable length of the movable grooves 53 can be divided into short-distance movement and long-distance movement.

[0029] Specifically, the operating platform frame is usually composed of a bogie crossbeam 4 and two bogie side frames 3, and is in an H shape. The welding point is between the end point of the clamped column in the bogie crossbeam 4 and the side of the bogie side frame 3. Two clamping mechanisms 5 are used to clamp the clamped columns at both ends of the bogie crossbeam 4, and two adjustment mechanisms 6 are used to clamp and adjust the two bogie side frames 3. A welding robot arm 2 is used to weld the welding points, and a welding swing table 1 is used to swing the entire clamping device for easy welding. By setting a reversible limit block 56 in the movable groove 53, the movable length of the movable groove 53 can be limited.

[0030] By setting the limit block 56, when it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns, the limit block 56 is in the movable groove 53, and the movable length of the movable groove 53 is a short distance movement. Then the power component 51 is started to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns. When it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with one clamped column, the limit block 56 is flipped at the flip axis 55, and the movable length of the movable groove 53 is a long distance movement. Then the power component 51 is started to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with one clamped column, thereby greatly improving the stability of clamping.

[0031] Reference Figure 7 The power assembly 51 includes a rotating cylinder 511 fixedly connected to the top of the welding swing table 1, and a first threaded rod 514 and a second threaded rod 515 respectively rotatably connected to the inside of the clamping base 52, one end of the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 are respectively fixedly connected to a transmission gear 512 and a driven gear 513, the transmission gear 512 is meshed with the driven gear 513, and the end of the transmission gear 512 away from the clamping base 52 is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotating cylinder 511, the outer walls of the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 are threadedly connected to a deformation wheel 58 and a fixed clamp 59, and the outer wall of the deformation wheel 58 is rotatably connected to a deformation clamp 57.

[0032] Reference Figure 8 When the clamping mechanism 5 is used to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns, the movable length of the movable groove 53 is a short-distance movement, the deformable clamping plate 57 does not contact the flipping groove 54, and the two deformable clamping plates 57 and the two fixed clamping plates 59 move in the two movable grooves 53 respectively to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns. When the clamping mechanism 5 is used to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with one clamped column, the movable length of the movable groove 53 is a long-distance movement, the deformable clamping plate 57 flips to the back of the movable groove 53 through the flipping groove 54, and the two fixed clamping plates 59 move in the two movable grooves 53 to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with one clamped column.

[0033] By means of the deformable clamping plate 57, when it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns, the limit stopper 56 blocks the fixed clamping plate 59 to prevent the deformable clamping plate 57 from moving into the flip groove 54, and then the rotating cylinder 511 is started, and the output end of the rotating cylinder 511 drives the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 to move in opposite directions in the two moving grooves 53 through the transmission gear 512 and the driven gear 513. A fixed clamp 59 clamps the bogie cross beam 4 with two clamped columns. When it is necessary to clamp the bogie cross beam 4 with one clamped column, the deformable clamp 57 is moved to the flip groove 54, and the deformable clamp 57 is flipped to the back of the clamping base 52 at the deforming wheel 58 to avoid the deformable clamp 57 blocking the bogie cross beam 4. Then, the power assembly 51 is started to make the two fixed clamps 59 on the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 move toward each other to clamp the bogie cross beam 4 with one clamped column.

[0034] Reference Fig. 9 , Fig.12 The adjustment mechanism 6 includes an adjustment table 61 slidably connected to the welding swing table 1, a support shock-absorbing assembly 66 is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment table 61, and the support shock-absorbing assembly 66 includes a shock-absorbing spring 661 fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment table 61, and the top of the shock-absorbing spring 661 is fixedly connected to a support table 662, and the inner wall of the support table 662 is rotatably connected to a counter threaded rod 664, and the end of the counter threaded rod 664 away from the welding swing table 1 is fixedly connected to an adjusting hand wheel 663, and the outer wall of the counter threaded rod 664 is threadedly connected to two rubber anti-sliding blocks 665 that move in opposite directions, and the outer walls of the two rubber anti-sliding blocks 665 are in contact with the inner wall of the bogie side frame 3.

[0035] Specifically, the shock-absorbing spring 661 plays a supporting and shock-absorbing role, the rubber anti-sliding block 665 plays a clamping and shock-absorbing role, and two rubber anti-sliding blocks 665 that move in opposite directions are arranged on the opposite threaded rod 664, which can be suitable for bogie side frames 3 of different widths.

[0036] By placing the bogie side frame 3 on the support platform 662 and turning the adjusting hand wheel 663, the two rubber anti-sliding blocks 665 are moved toward each other on the opposite threaded rods 664 to clamp the bogie side frame 3, and then by moving the adjusting platform 61, the side of the bogie side frame 3 is moved to the end point of the clamped column to leave a certain gap, and the welding robot arm 2 welds the welding point under the swing of the welding swing platform 1, and by arranging the shock-absorbing spring 661 between the support platform 662 and the adjusting platform 61, the vibration generated by the welding can be effectively damped.

[0037] During use, when it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns, the limit stopper 56 is in the moving groove 53 to block the fixed clamping plate 59 to prevent the deformed clamping plate 57 from moving into the flipping groove 54, and then the rotating cylinder 511 is started. The output end of the rotating cylinder 511 drives the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 to move in opposite directions in the two moving grooves 53 through the transmission gear 512 and the driven gear 513, and the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns is clamped by the two deforming clamping plates 57 and the two fixed clamping plates 59 on the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515, which greatly improves the clamping stability. When it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with one clamped column, the limit stopper 56 is flipped at the flipping shaft 55, the deforming clamping plate 57 is moved to the flipping groove 54, and the deformed clamping plate 57 is deformed at the deforming wheel 58. The clamping plate 57 is flipped to the back of the clamping base 52 to prevent the deformed clamping plate 57 from blocking the bogie cross beam 4, and then the power assembly 51 is started to make the two fixed clamping plates 59 on the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 move towards each other to clamp the bogie cross beam 4 with a clamped column. After the bogie cross beam 4 is clamped, the bogie side frame 3 is placed on the support platform 662, and the adjusting hand wheel 663 is turned to make the two rubber anti-sliding blocks 665 move towards each other on the opposite threaded rods 664 to clamp the bogie side frame 3, and then by moving the adjustment platform 61, the side of the bogie side frame 3 is moved to the end point of the clamped column to leave a certain gap, and the welding robot arm 2 welds the welding point under the swing of the welding swing platform 1, and by arranging a shock-absorbing spring 661 between the support platform 662 and the adjustment platform 61, the vibration generated by the welding can be effectively damped.

[0038] Example 2, reference Fig.10 - Fig.11 , which is the second embodiment of the present invention, and which is different from the first embodiment in that: Fig.10 Two symmetrically arranged pneumatic output devices 62 are fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment platform 61, pneumatic pipelines 64 are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two pneumatic output devices 62, and one end of the two pneumatic pipelines 64 is fixedly connected to a stress compensation component 65. A slide rail 63 is provided on the top of the adjustment platform 61.

[0039] Reference Fig.11 The stress compensation component 65 includes two pneumatic trolleys 651 movably connected to the inner wall of the slide rail 63, the inner wall of the pneumatic trolley 651 is rotatably connected to a steering rod 653, the outer wall of the steering rod 653 is fixedly connected to a steering handwheel 652, both ends of the steering rod 653 are fixedly connected to connecting plates 654, the outer wall of the connecting plate 654 is fixedly connected to an output cylinder 655, the output end of the output cylinder 655 is fixedly connected to a rubber extrusion block 656, and the outer wall of the rubber extrusion block 656 contacts the outer wall of the bogie side frame 3.

[0040] Specifically, the pneumatic output device 62 can output compressed gas, which is provided to the pneumatic trolley 651 through the pneumatic pipeline 64. The pneumatic trolley 651 converts the compressed gas into mechanical energy and moves on the slide rail 63. The position and angle of the output cylinder 655 can be controlled by the steering hand wheel 652 through the steering rod 653. At the same time, each output cylinder 655 adjusts the strength according to different stresses. The rubber extrusion block 656 clamps the bogie side frame 3 with less stress, and the rubber extrusion block 656 can also have anti-slip and shock-absorbing effects.

[0041] During use, the compressed gas is outputted from the pneumatic output device 62 and transported to the pneumatic trolley 651 through the pneumatic pipeline 64, so that the pneumatic trolley 651 moves along the slide rail 63 to the vicinity of the welding part, and the rubber extrusion block 656 is squeezed to the vicinity of the welding part of the bogie side frame 3 by running the output cylinder 655. Each output cylinder 655 can adjust the strength according to the stress to offset the stress to the maximum extent, and by twisting the steering hand wheel 652, the steering rod 653 can drive the connecting plate 654 to rotate, expand the range of dynamic clamping, and retract into the direction of the adjustment platform 61 when rotating to the maximum extent, so as to avoid the stress offset component 65 blocking the loading and unloading of the bogie side frame 3. The rest of the structure is the same as that of Example 1.

[0042] Working principle of the present invention: The geometric shapes of the bogie crossbeam 4 are different. There are mostly bogie crossbeams 4 with two clamped columns or one clamped column, wherein the shape of the clamped column can be circular, square or polygonal. Generally, the end points of the clamped column are welded to the side of the side frame, so the clamped column needs to be stably clamped.

[0043] When it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns, the limit block 56 is in the moving groove 53 to block the fixed clamping plate 59 to prevent the deformed clamping plate 57 from moving into the flipping groove 54, and then the rotating cylinder 511 is started. The output end of the rotating cylinder 511 drives the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 to move in opposite directions in the two moving grooves 53 respectively through the transmission gear 512 and the driven gear 513, and the bogie crossbeam 4 with two clamped columns is clamped by the two deformed clamping plates 57 and the two fixed clamping plates 59 on the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515, thereby greatly improving the stability of the clamping.

[0044] When it is necessary to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with a clamped column, the limit block 56 is flipped at the flip axis 55, the deformable clamping plate 57 is moved to the flip groove 54, and the deformable clamping plate 57 is flipped to the back of the clamping base 52 at the deforming wheel 58 to avoid the deformable clamping plate 57 blocking the bogie crossbeam 4, and then the power assembly 51 is started to make the two fixed clamping plates 59 on the first threaded rod 514 and the second threaded rod 515 move towards each other to clamp the bogie crossbeam 4 with a clamped column.

[0045] After the bogie crossbeam 4 is clamped, the bogie side frame 3 is placed on the support platform 662, and the adjusting hand wheel 663 is turned to make the two rubber anti-sliding blocks 665 move toward each other on the opposite threaded rods 664 to clamp the bogie side frame 3, and then by moving the adjusting platform 61, the side of the bogie side frame 3 is moved to the end point of the clamped column, leaving a certain gap, and the welding robot arm 2 welds the welding point under the swing of the welding swing platform 1, and by arranging the shock-absorbing spring 661 between the support platform 662 and the adjusting platform 61, the vibration generated by the welding can be effectively damped.

[0046] At the same time, during welding, the stress compensation component 65 can dynamically clamp the area around the welding part to reduce the damage caused by thermal stress; the compressed gas is output by the pneumatic output device 62 and transported to the pneumatic trolley 651 through the pneumatic pipeline 64, so that the pneumatic trolley 651 moves along the slide rail 63 to reach the area around the welding part, and the rubber extrusion block 656 is squeezed to the area around the welding part of the bogie side frame 3 by running the output cylinder 655. Each output cylinder 655 can adjust the force according to the stress size to offset the stress to the maximum extent, and by twisting the steering hand wheel 652, the steering rod 653 can drive the connecting plate 654 to rotate, thereby expanding the range of dynamic clamping, and retracting into the direction of the adjustment platform 61 when rotating to the maximum extent, so as to avoid the stress compensation component 65 blocking the removal and placement of the bogie side frame 3.

[0047] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic welding device for metal parts of a rail vehicle, comprising a welding swing table (1), a welding robot arm (2) arranged on one side of the welding swing table (1), two clamping mechanisms (5) symmetrically arranged above the welding swing table (1), a bogie crossbeam (4) arranged between the two clamping mechanisms (5), two adjustment mechanisms (6) symmetrically arranged on both sides of the welding swing table (1), and a bogie side frame (3) arranged above the adjustment mechanism (6), wherein two clamped columns or one clamped column are present at both ends of the bogie crossbeam (4), and the device is characterized in that: The clamping mechanism (5) comprises a power assembly (51) fixedly connected to the top of the welding swing table (1) and a clamping base (52); The inner wall of the clamping base (52) is provided with two movable grooves (53), the inner walls of the two movable grooves (53) are provided with a turning groove (54), the inner wall of the clamping base (52) is rotatably connected to two turning shafts (55), the outer walls of the two turning shafts (55) are fixedly connected to limit stops (56), the two limit stops (56) are turned inside the clamping base (52) respectively through the two turning shafts (55), and are used to limit the movable length of the two movable grooves (53), so that the movable length of the movable grooves (53) is divided into short-distance movement and long-distance movement.

2. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power assembly (51) comprises a rotary cylinder (511) fixedly connected to the top of the welding swing table (1), and a first threaded rod (514) and a second threaded rod (515) respectively rotatably connected to the inside of the clamping base (52); one end of the first threaded rod (514) and the second threaded rod (515) are respectively fixedly connected to a transmission gear (512) and a driven gear (513); the transmission gear (512) is meshed with the driven gear (513); and one end of the transmission gear (512) away from the clamping base (52) is fixedly connected to the output end of the rotary cylinder (511).

3. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The outer walls of the first threaded rod (514) and the second threaded rod (515) are both threadedly connected to a deformation wheel (58) and a fixed clamping plate (59), and the outer wall of the deformation wheel (58) is rotatably connected to the deformation clamping plate (57).

4. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the clamping mechanism (5) is used to clamp a bogie crossbeam (4) having two clamped columns, the movable length of the movable groove (53) is a short-distance movement, the deformable clamping plate (57) does not contact the flip groove (54), and the two deformable clamping plates (57) and the two fixed clamping plates (59) move in the two movable grooves (53) respectively to clamp the bogie crossbeam (4) having two clamped columns.

5. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the clamping mechanism (5) is used to clamp a bogie crossbeam (4) having a clamped column, the movable length of the movable groove (53) is a long-distance movement, the deformable clamping plate (57) is flipped to the back side of the movable groove (53) through the flipping groove (54), and the two fixed clamping plates (59) move in the two movable grooves (53) to clamp the bogie crossbeam (4) having a clamped column.

6. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (6) comprises an adjustment platform (61) slidably connected to the welding swing platform (1), and a support shock absorbing component (66) is fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment platform (61).

7. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support shock-absorbing assembly (66) comprises a shock-absorbing spring (661) fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment platform (61); the top of the shock-absorbing spring (661) is fixedly connected to the support platform (662); the inner wall of the support platform (662) is rotatably connected to a counter-threaded rod (664); one end of the counter-threaded rod (664) away from the welding swing platform (1) is fixedly connected to an adjustment hand wheel (663); the outer wall of the counter-threaded rod (664) is threadedly connected to two rubber anti-sliding blocks (665) that move in opposite directions; the outer walls of the two rubber anti-sliding blocks (665) are in contact with the inner wall of the bogie side frame (3).

8. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 6, characterized in that: Two symmetrically arranged pneumatic output devices (62) are fixedly connected to the top of the adjustment platform (61); pneumatic pipelines (64) are fixedly connected to the inner walls of the two pneumatic output devices (62); one end of the two pneumatic pipelines (64) is fixedly connected to a stress compensation component (65); and a slide rail (63) is provided on the top of the adjustment platform (61).

9. The automatic welding device for metal parts of railway vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The stress compensation assembly (65) comprises two pneumatic trolleys (651) movably connected to the inner wall of the slide rail (63); the inner wall of the pneumatic trolley (651) is rotatably connected to a steering rod (653); the outer wall of the steering rod (653) is fixedly connected to a steering hand wheel (652); both ends of the steering rod (653) are fixedly connected to connecting plates (654); the outer wall of the connecting plate (654) is fixedly connected to an output cylinder (655); the output end of the output cylinder (655) is fixedly connected to a rubber extrusion block (656); the outer wall of the rubber extrusion block (656) contacts the outer wall of the bogie side frame (3).

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