Automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balance

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balance, and relates to the technical field of grinding machine tailstocks. Comprising a shell, a sleeve connected into the shell in a sliding mode, a pressure adjusting rod and a tip, the pressure adjusting rod and the tip stretch into the sleeve, an oil pressure pipeline and an air pressure pipeline are further arranged in the shell, a jacking spring moves synchronously with the pressure adjusting rod and the tip during use, and hydraulic oil is injected into the oil pressure pipeline to drive a piston rod to move for automatic return of the sleeve. The air pressure pipeline injects air and inputs the air into the spring cavity, the pressure adjusting rod drives the pressure adjusting block to apply pressure to the jacking spring, the jacking spring converts the pressure into jacking force to the tip, and the air filled in the spring cavity can utilize air pressure to balance friction force of the sleeve, so that when the tailstock is jacked, the sleeve can be tightly jacked. The spring force directly acts on the workpiece, and the stability of pressure in the machining and jacking process is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grinding machine tailstocks, in particular to an automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balance. Background Art

[0002] Grinding is the last process of precision machining, and its machining quality and machining accuracy directly determine the performance of the workpiece. The tailstock, as a key functional component of the cylindrical grinder, has a decisive influence on the machining accuracy of parts. The size of the tailstock pressure, the fine-tuning of the tailstock clamping force, and the fluctuation of the tailstock clamping force during the machining process all affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece.

[0003] The tailstock is tightened against the workpiece by spring force, such as the prior art disclosure (announcement) number: CN217551956U, a tailstock structure of a cylindrical grinder, the disclosed technical solution includes a base, a shaft core and a rear end cover, one end of the shaft core extending out of the base is inserted with a top, and an adjusting shaft is installed in the rear end cover, one end of the adjusting shaft is connected to the shaft core and a limit pin is fixed on the circumference, a spring is arranged between the shaft core and the limit pin, one end of the spring is sleeved on the adjusting shaft, and the other end is connected to the shaft core. Through the arrangement of the spring and the adjusting shaft, when it is necessary to fix the round bar workpiece, the spring slowly pushes the shaft core forward, so that the top is pressed against the workpiece, and the workpiece is automatically fixed, and the work efficiency is improved. However, the spring force can be adjusted, but because there is friction in the process of the tailstock extension and contraction, the magnitude of the friction will affect the spring force, and then affect the magnitude of the tightening force, thereby affecting the accuracy of the processed parts. How to overcome the influence of friction on the tightening force of the tailstock during the tightening process of the tailstock has become a problem that needs to be solved by the present invention. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balance. By setting an air pressure pipeline, gas is injected into the spring cavity when the tailstock is in use to reduce the friction inside the spring, so that the spring force can fully act on the workpiece to tighten it, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the processed workpiece.

[0005] The above technical purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balance, which is used for an external cylindrical grinder, and the automatic tailstock includes a shell, a sleeve slidably connected to the shell, a pressure adjustment rod and a top respectively extending into the sleeve, and an oil pressure pipeline and an air pressure pipeline are also provided in the shell, and the oil pressure pipeline and the air pressure pipeline are respectively arranged above and below the pressure adjustment rod, and the sleeve has a cavity, and a tightening spring is provided in the cavity. When in use, the tightening spring moves synchronously with the pressure adjustment rod and the top, and the oil pressure pipeline and the air pressure pipeline extend into the cavity respectively, and a gap adjustment expansion sleeve is provided between the shell and the sleeve, and a base is also provided at the bottom of the shell, and the base is connected to the external cylindrical grinder.

[0006] The present invention is further configured as follows: a baffle is provided in the cavity, the baffle divides the cavity into a piston cavity and a spring cavity, the tensioning spring is provided in the spring cavity, a pressure adjusting block is also provided in the spring cavity, one end of the tensioning spring is against the pressure adjusting block, one end of the pressure adjusting rod passes through the baffle and is connected to the pressure adjusting block, the tail end of the top point extends into the cavity, the other end of the tensioning spring is against the tail end of the top point, the top point is slidably connected to the sleeve, and the center lines of the pressure adjusting rod, the tensioning spring and the top point are in the same straight line.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: a piston rod is provided in the piston cavity, the oil pressure pipeline is connected to the piston rod, the air pressure pipeline passes through the piston cavity and the baffle in sequence and then communicates with the spring cavity, and an air vent is also provided in the spring cavity, the air vent runs through the shell, a micro solenoid valve is installed on the air vent, and the air vent is used to discharge the gas in the spring cavity.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: a pipe opening is opened at one end of the sleeve away from the top, and the pipe opening penetrates the wall of the sleeve. The pipe opening is used for the oil pressure pipeline, the air pressure pipeline and the pressure adjustment rod to pass through. A first sealing ring is arranged in the pipe opening. When in use, the first sealing ring is sleeved on the outer surface of the oil pressure pipeline and the air pressure pipeline. The material of the first sealing ring is one of nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber and silicone rubber.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: an annular accommodating cavity is opened on the inner side surface of one end of the shell, the gap adjustment expansion sleeve is placed in the accommodating cavity, a clamping cover is provided at the opening of the accommodating cavity, at least a part of the clamping cover extends into the accommodating cavity, the clamping cover is used to clamp the gap adjustment expansion sleeve in the accommodating cavity and seal the opening of the accommodating cavity, and the clamping cover is fixed to the shell by means of threaded connection or mortise and tenon connection.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: the gap adjustment expansion sleeve is annular, the inner side surface of the gap adjustment expansion sleeve is against the sleeve, the gap adjustment expansion sleeve includes a first expansion sleeve, a gap adjustment spacer sleeve, and a second expansion sleeve arranged in sequence, a sealing groove is opened on the inner side of the clamping cover, a second sealing ring is embedded in the sealing groove, and the second sealing ring is sleeved on the sleeve.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: a movable groove is formed on the sleeve, the movable groove is located above the spring cavity, the length of the movable groove is at least two-thirds of the length of the spring cavity, a positioning flange is also provided on the shell, the positioning flange passes through the shell and communicates with the movable groove, a positioning pin is passed through the positioning flange, and at least a portion of the positioning pin extends into the movable groove.

[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: an oil and gas flange is provided at one end of the shell, an oil inlet and an air inlet are opened on the oil and gas flange, the oil inlet is communicated with an oil pressure pipeline, and the air inlet is communicated with an air pressure pipeline. When in use, the oil pressure pipeline conveys hydraulic oil into the cavity for automatic retraction of the sleeve, and the air pressure pipeline inputs gas into the cavity. The gas acts on the pressure adjusting rod and applies pressure to the tightening spring, and the tightening spring converts the pressure into a tightening force on the top.

[0013] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. A piston cavity is arranged in the sleeve of the automatic tailstock, wherein the piston cavity is provided with a piston, and the oil pressure pipeline is connected to the piston. The sleeve is retracted by hydraulic pressure, so that the top can be quickly separated from the workpiece, thereby realizing the automatic loading and unloading of the grinder and the rapid replacement of the workpiece; 2. A spring cavity is set in the sleeve of the automatic tailstock, and a pressure adjustment block and a tightening spring are set in the spring cavity. The air pressure pipeline is connected to the spring cavity. When in use, gas is input into the spring cavity through the air pressure pipeline. When the pressure adjustment rod drives the top spring to move through the pressure adjustment block, the gas filled in the spring cavity can use the air pressure to balance the friction of the sleeve, so that when the tailstock is tightened, the spring force directly acts on the workpiece, ensuring the stability of the pressure during the tightening process; 3. A gap adjustment expansion sleeve is set at the front end where the shell and the sleeve meet to adjust the size of the expansion sleeve and eliminate the gap of the sleeve to achieve high precision and high rigidity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the oil and gas pipeline of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the gap adjustment expansion sleeve structure of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. automatic tailstock; 2. housing; 21. oil and gas flange; 211. oil inlet; 212. air inlet; 3. sleeve; 31. first sealing ring; 32. baffle; 4. pressure adjustment rod; 5. top; 6. piston chamber; 61. piston rod; 7. spring chamber; 71. pressure adjustment block; 72. tightening spring; 8. oil pressure pipeline; 9. gap adjustment expansion sleeve; 91. first expansion sleeve; 92. gap adjustment spacer; 93. second expansion sleeve; 10. clamping cover; 101. second sealing ring; 11. air pressure pipeline; 12. positioning flange; 13. positioning pin; 14. movable groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0017] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the present invention is an automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balance, the automatic tailstock 1 includes a housing 2, a sleeve 3 slidably connected to the housing 2, a pressure adjustment rod 4 and a top 5 respectively extending into both ends of the sleeve 3, the bottom of the housing 2 has a base, the automatic tailstock 1 is installed on the external cylindrical grinder through the base, wherein the sleeve 3 has a cavity, a baffle 32 is provided in the cavity, the baffle 32 divides the cavity into a piston cavity 6 and a spring cavity 7, the piston cavity 6 is provided with a piston rod 61, and the spring cavity 7 is provided with a pressure adjustment rod 62. The whole block 71 and the tightening spring 72, when the tightening spring 72 is not stressed, the tightening spring 72 presses the pressure adjustment block 71 to one side of the baffle 32, and the pressure adjustment rod 4 passes through the housing 2, the pipe opening and the baffle 32 respectively and is connected to the side of the pressure adjustment block 71 facing away from the tightening spring 72, and the air pressure pipeline 11 passes through the pipe opening and the piston chamber 6 and communicates with the spring chamber 7, the tail end of the top 5 extends into the spring chamber 7 and is connected to the tightening spring 72, when the automatic tailstock 1 is working, the air pressure pipeline 11 is ventilated and delivers gas to The spring cavity 7 is filled with gas to form a high air pressure. The pressure adjusting rod 4 is driven by a driving device or manually, so that the pressure adjusting rod 4 synchronously drives the pressure adjusting block 71 to move. The pressure adjusting block 71 applies pressure to the tightening spring 72, causing the tightening spring 72 to contract and push the top 5 to extend and tighten the workpiece to be processed. The principle of gas pressure is used to reduce the friction of the tightening spring 72 during operation, and the friction force when the sleeve 3 moves is balanced by air pressure, so that the spring force completely acts on the workpiece, ensuring that the tightening force of the tailstock is constant during the processing, and preventing the tightening force from fluctuating during the processing, thereby ensuring the stability of the tightening force, and then ensuring the processing accuracy of the workpiece to be processed. The center lines of the pressure adjusting rod 4, the tightening spring 72 and the top 5 are in the same straight line, which further ensures the stability and accuracy of the tailstock extension and retraction. When the top 5 presses the workpiece to be processed, the gas in the spring cavity 7 is discharged through the air vent to stabilize the tightening force and eliminate the resistance to the pressure adjusting block 71.

[0018] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the rear end of the housing 2 is provided with an oil and gas flange 21, and the oil and gas flange 21 is provided with an oil inlet 211 and an air inlet 212, respectively. The oil inlet 211 is communicated with the oil pressure pipeline 8, and the air inlet 212 is communicated with the air pressure pipeline 11. The rear end of the sleeve 3 is provided with a pipe opening, and the pipe opening is used for the oil pressure pipeline 8, the air pressure pipeline 11 and the pressure adjustment rod 4 to pass through. The inner side of the pipe opening is provided with an annular first sealing ring 31. When the oil pressure pipeline 8, the air pressure pipeline 11 and the pressure adjustment rod 4 When passing through, the first sealing ring 31 is sleeved on the outer surface of the oil pressure pipeline 8 and the air pressure pipeline 11. The first sealing ring 31 is preferably made of nitrile rubber. The pressure adjustment rod 4 is located between the oil pressure pipeline 8 and the air pressure pipeline 11, and has a certain gap with the oil pressure pipeline 8 and the air pressure pipeline 11. The oil pressure pipeline 8 extending into the piston cavity 6 is used to drive the piston rod 61 to move, realize the automatic extension and retraction of the sleeve 3, and then achieve the purpose of the grinder using automatic loading and unloading to quickly and faster workpieces.

[0019] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, an accommodating cavity is opened on the inner side surface of the front end of the shell 2, and the accommodating cavity is used to place the gap adjustment expansion sleeve 9. The gap adjustment expansion sleeve 9 is annular, and the sleeve 3 passes through the gap adjustment expansion sleeve 9 when in use. Specifically, the inner side surface of the gap adjustment expansion sleeve 9 and the outer surface of the sleeve 3 are against each other. The gap adjustment expansion sleeve 9 includes a first expansion sleeve 91, a gap adjustment spacer 92, and a second expansion sleeve 93 arranged in sequence in the accommodating cavity. A clamping cover 10 is provided at the opening of the accommodating cavity. At least a part of the clamping cover 10 extends into the accommodating cavity. The clamping cover 10 is used to clamp the gap adjustment expansion sleeve 9 in the accommodating cavity and seal the opening of the accommodating cavity. The part of the clamping cover 10 extending into the accommodating cavity is threadedly connected to the shell 2. A sealing groove is opened on the inner side of the clamping cover 10, and a second sealing ring 101 is embedded in the sealing groove. The inner side surface of the second sealing ring 101 is against the sleeve 3. An expansion sleeve structure is adopted, and the gap between the sleeve 3 and the shell 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the gap adjustment spacer 92 to achieve the purpose of high precision and high rigidity.

[0020] like Figure 4 As shown, a movable groove 14 is formed on the sleeve 3, and the movable groove 14 is located above the spring cavity 7. The length of the movable groove 14 is at least two-thirds of the length of the spring cavity 7. A positioning flange 12 is also provided on the shell 2. The positioning flange 12 passes through the shell 2 and communicates with the movable groove 14. A positioning pin 13 is passed through the positioning flange 12, and at least a part of the positioning pin 13 extends into the movable groove 14. The positioning pin 13 is used to limit the travel distance of the sleeve 3 to ensure that the extension and retraction of the sleeve 3 will not deviate from the sliding range of the shell 2.

[0021] To sum up, a piston chamber 6 is arranged in the sleeve 3 of the automatic tailstock 1, wherein the piston chamber 6 is provided with a piston, and an oil pressure pipeline 8 is connected to the piston, and the sleeve 3 is retracted by hydraulic pressure, so that the center 5 can quickly detach from the workpiece, thereby realizing the automatic loading and unloading of the grinder and the rapid replacement of the workpiece; a spring chamber 7 is arranged in the sleeve 3 of the automatic tailstock 1, and a pressure adjusting block 71 and a tightening spring 72 are arranged in the spring chamber 7, and an air pressure pipeline 11 is communicated with the spring chamber 7. When in use, gas is input into the spring chamber 7 through the air pressure pipeline 11. When the pressure adjusting rod 4 drives the spring movement of the center 5 through the pressure adjusting block 71, the gas filled in the spring chamber 7 can use the air pressure to balance the friction of the sleeve 3, so that when the tailstock is tightened, the spring force directly acts on the workpiece, thereby ensuring the stability of the pressure during the tightening process; a gap adjustment expansion sleeve 9 is arranged at the front end where the housing 2 and the sleeve 3 meet, and the size of the expansion sleeve is adjusted to eliminate the gap of the sleeve 3, so as to achieve the purpose of high precision and high rigidity.

[0022] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing, the automatic tailstock (1) being used for a cylindrical grinding machine, characterized in that: The automatic tailstock (1) comprises a shell (2), a sleeve (3) slidably connected to the shell (2), a pressure adjustment rod (4) and a top (5) respectively extending into the sleeve (3); an oil pressure pipeline (8) and an air pressure pipeline (11) are also provided in the shell (2); the oil pressure pipeline (8) and the air pressure pipeline (11) are respectively arranged above and below the pressure adjustment rod (4); a cavity is provided in the sleeve (3); a tightening spring (72) is provided in the cavity; when in use, the tightening spring (72) moves synchronously with the pressure adjustment rod (4) and the top (5); the oil pressure pipeline (8) and the air pressure pipeline (11) respectively extend into the cavity; a gap adjustment expansion sleeve (9) is provided between the shell (2) and the sleeve (3); a base is also provided at the bottom of the shell (2); the base is connected to an external cylindrical grinder.

2. The automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle (32) is provided in the cavity, and the baffle (32) divides the cavity into a piston cavity (6) and a spring cavity (7). The tension spring (72) is arranged in the spring cavity (7). A pressure adjustment block (71) is also provided in the spring cavity (7). One end of the tension spring (72) abuts against the pressure adjustment block (71). One end of the pressure adjustment rod (4) passes through the baffle (32) and is connected to the pressure adjustment block (71). The tail end of the tip (5) extends into the cavity, and the other end of the tension spring (72) abuts against the tail end of the tip (5). The tip (5) is slidably connected to the sleeve (3), and the center lines of the pressure adjustment rod (4), the tension spring (72) and the tip (5) are in the same straight line.

3. The automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A piston rod (61) is provided in the piston chamber (6), the oil pressure pipeline (8) is connected to the piston rod (61), the air pressure pipeline (11) passes through the piston chamber (6) and the baffle (32) in sequence and then communicates with the spring chamber (7), and a gas discharge port is also provided in the spring chamber (7), the gas discharge port passes through the housing (2), a micro electromagnetic valve is installed on the gas discharge port, and the gas discharge port is used to discharge the gas in the spring chamber (7).

4. The automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve (3) has a pipe opening at one end away from the top (5), and the pipe opening penetrates the wall of the sleeve (3). The pipe opening is used for the oil pressure pipeline (8), the air pressure pipeline (11) and the pressure adjustment rod (4) to pass through. A first sealing ring (31) is arranged in the pipe opening. When in use, the first sealing ring (31) is sleeved on the outer surface of the oil pressure pipeline (8) and the air pressure pipeline (11). The material of the first sealing ring (31) is one of nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber and silicone rubber.

5. The automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An annular accommodating cavity is formed on the inner side surface of one end of the shell (2), the gap adjustment expansion sleeve (9) is placed in the accommodating cavity, a clamping cover (10) is provided at the opening of the accommodating cavity, at least a portion of the clamping cover (10) extends into the accommodating cavity, the clamping cover (10) is used to clamp the gap adjustment expansion sleeve (9) in the accommodating cavity and seal the opening of the accommodating cavity, and the clamping cover (10) is fixed to the shell (2) by means of threaded connection or mortise and tenon connection.

6. The automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gap adjustment expansion sleeve (9) is annular, and the inner side surface of the gap adjustment expansion sleeve (9) is against the sleeve (3). The gap adjustment expansion sleeve (9) comprises a first expansion sleeve (91), a gap adjustment spacer sleeve (92), and a second expansion sleeve (93) which are arranged in sequence. A sealing groove is provided on the inner side of the clamping cover (10), and a second sealing ring (101) is embedded in the sealing groove. The second sealing ring (101) is sleeved on the sleeve (3).

7. The automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The sleeve (3) is provided with a movable groove (14), the movable groove (14) is located above the spring cavity (7), and the length of the movable groove (14) is at least two-thirds of the length of the spring cavity (7). The shell (2) is also provided with a positioning flange (12), the positioning flange (12) penetrates the shell (2) and communicates with the movable groove (14), a positioning pin (13) is inserted into the positioning flange (12), and at least a part of the positioning pin (13) extends into the movable groove (14).

8. The automatic tailstock based on pneumatic balancing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil and gas flange (21) is provided at one end of the shell (2), and an oil inlet (211) and an air inlet (212) are provided on the oil and gas flange (21). The oil inlet (211) is communicated with the oil pressure pipeline (8), and the air inlet (212) is communicated with the air pressure pipeline (11). When in use, the oil pressure pipeline (8) transports hydraulic oil into the cavity for automatic retraction of the sleeve (3), and the air pressure pipeline (11) inputs gas into the cavity. The gas acts on the pressure adjustment rod (4) and applies pressure to the tightening spring (72), and the tightening spring (72) converts the pressure into a tightening force on the top (5).

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