Fertilizer for improving continuous cropping obstacles of tobaccos and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizer for improving continuous cropping obstacles of tobacco and application of the fertilizer. The fertilizer is prepared from a first improved microbial inoculum part, a second improved microbial inoculum part and an organic fertilizer part, the first improved microbial agent part is obtained by culturing and domesticating bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and azotobacter chroococcum, and the second improved microbial agent part is obtained by culturing and domesticating a mixed strain of bacillus megatherium, bacillus mucilaginosus and pediococcus acidilactici and burkholderia polyphaga respectively; the organic fertilizer part is prepared by mixing and fermenting animal waste, agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content, cake fertilizer, molasses and calcium carbonate. The fertilizer can effectively improve the soil environment and adjust the soil nutrient proportion, and the problems of yield reduction and quality reduction in continuous cropping planting of flue-cured tobacco are solved to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Flue-cured tobacco is an important economic crop with a long history of cultivation worldwide. China is the country that produces the most flue-cured tobacco in the world, and tobacco leaf planting areas are extensive. Due to the limited arable land area and the long-term application of chemical fertilizers, continuously planted tobacco is often subject to continuous cropping obstacles, resulting in poor seedling growth, reduced yield and quality, and other problems. Long-term continuous cropping will also significantly change the soil ecological environment and physical and chemical properties; in turn, the deterioration of the soil environment will further aggravate the continuous cropping obstacle.

[0003] With the deepening of research on the continuous cropping problem of flue-cured tobacco, more and more scholars believe that the imbalance of rhizosphere microecology is the main factor causing the continuous cropping problem of flue-cured tobacco. The rhizosphere microecology is a special system of interaction and interdependence between different units such as plants, soil, and microorganisms. Among them, the imbalance of soil nutrient ratios and the deterioration of soil biological environment are one of the important reasons affecting the normal growth of tobacco.

[0004] Therefore, it is very necessary to study a fertilizer that is beneficial to improving the soil environment and alleviating the obstacles of tobacco continuous cropping. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles and application thereof, which can effectively improve the soil environment, adjust the soil nutrient ratio, and solve the problem of reduced yield and reduced quality in continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco to a certain extent.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0007] A fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles, comprising a first improved bacterial agent part, a second improved bacterial agent part and an organic fertilizer part;

[0008] The preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent is as follows: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria are inoculated into a liquid culture medium containing loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years for culturing and domestication, wherein the concentration of the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years in the liquid culture medium is 10 to 30 g / L, and the domestication time is 10 to 20 days; and then inoculated into the first common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step, and the target of each level of culture is set to reach a composite live bacteria number of ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, obtain a first improved bacterial agent suspension, and finally make the first improved bacterial agent suspension into a first improved bacterial agent dry powder to obtain the first improved bacterial agent part;

[0009] The preparation method of the second improved bacterial agent is as follows: a mixed strain of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and Pediococcus acidilactici, and Burkholderia polyphaga are inoculated into a liquid culture medium containing tobacco continuous cropping acidic soil leachate at an inoculation rate of 2-5% for culturing and domestication, wherein the concentration of the tobacco continuous cropping acidic soil leachate is set to 4-6 g / L, 8-10 g / L, 16-20 g / L, 32-36 g / L, and 64-68 g / L, respectively, and each concentration is passaged 2-3 times, cultured for 24-48 hours, and then inoculated to the next concentration after repeated domestication. After the domestication and culture are completed, they are inoculated into a second common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step, and the target of each level of culture is set to reach a composite live bacteria number of ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, and obtain a second improved bacterial agent suspension A and a second improved bacterial agent suspension B; finally, the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B are made into a second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A and a second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder B, respectively, and mixed to obtain the second improved bacterial agent part;

[0010] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer part is: animal feces, agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content, cake fertilizer, molasses, and calcium carbonate are evenly mixed according to a weight ratio of 10-20:5-9:5-9:0.02-0.3:0.01-0.2, EM bacterial agent is added, mixed and fermented for 15-20 days, and after the fermentation is completed, 0.1-0.2wt% of the first improved bacterial agent is added to obtain the organic fertilizer part.

[0011] Preferably, in the preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent part, the weight ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azotobacter rotundifolia is 5-16:8-20:3-6:2-5.

[0012] Preferably, the liquid culture medium containing the extract of loose soil from tobacco cropping for more than 2 years contains the following ingredients: 30-60 g / L of glucose, 10-30 g / L of extract of loose soil from tobacco cropping for more than 2 years, 4-8 g / L of corn steep liquor, 80-120 mg / L of urea, 80-120 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20-30 mg / L of calcium nitrate, 50-100 mg / L of magnesium sulfate, 15-20 mg / L of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 mg / L of zinc sulfate and 0.02-0.08 mg / L of copper sulfate.

[0013] Preferably, in the method for preparing the first improved bacterial agent part, the first common culture medium contains carbon source substances, nitrogen source substances, and inorganic salt substances.

[0014] Preferably, in the preparation method of the second improved bacterial agent part, the weight ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and Pediococcus acidilactici is 3-8:2-6:1-2; the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder B are mixed at a weight ratio of 4-8:1.

[0015] Preferably, the liquid culture medium containing the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil, in addition to the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil, also contains the following ingredients: 30-60 g / L glucose, 4-8 g / L yeast extract, 80-120 mg / L ammonium nitrate, 80-120 mg / L potassium nitrate, and 10-20 mg / L calcium nitrate.

[0016] Preferably, in the preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent part, the second common culture medium contains a carbon source substance, a nitrogen source substance, and an inorganic salt substance, and the carbon source substance contains yeast extract.

[0017] Preferably, the animal manure is composed of pig manure, bird droppings and earthworm castings mixed in a weight ratio of 10-20:5-10:3-5; the agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content is composed of corn straw and / or rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse mixed in a weight ratio of 10-20:2-7.

[0018] The present invention also provides the use of the above-mentioned fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles in improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.

[0019] The above-mentioned application is preferably that from December each year to January of the following year, the first improved bacterial agent and the second improved bacterial agent are spread in the tobacco field planted with winter green manure crops to turn the green manure; before transplanting tobacco, the organic fertilizer part is applied to the soil as base fertilizer; during the clumping period, the organic fertilizer part is applied as topdressing and the second improved bacterial agent is spread at the same time.

[0020] The above-mentioned fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles has the following advantages:

[0021] (1) Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus, Pediococcus acidilactici and Burkholderia multivora were acclimated with acidic soil extract to better adapt to the soil acidification environment caused by continuous tobacco cropping. Combined with green pressing, the organic matter environment of the soil was improved, the content of active nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil was increased, the richness and diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the soil was improved, pathogens in the soil were inhibited, and soil acidification was alleviated.

[0022] (2) Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Bacillus ferruginosa are acclimated with the extract of loose soil from tobacco cropping for more than two years to enhance the activity of the above-mentioned bacteria in the soil. Combined with the use of organic fertilizers, the soil quality can be improved, the soil fertility can be enhanced, the imbalance of soil nutrients can be alleviated, and the problem of reduced yield and reduced quality in continuous tobacco cropping can be solved to a certain extent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles consists of a first improved bacterial agent part, a second improved bacterial agent part and an organic fertilizer part.

[0027] The preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent part is: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and round brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria are mixed in a weight ratio of 8:12:4:3, and inoculated into a liquid culture medium containing loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years for culturing and domestication, wherein the concentration of the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years in the liquid culture medium is 20 g / L, and the domestication time is 15 days; and then inoculated into the first common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step, and the target of each level of culture is set to reach the number of composite live bacteria ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, obtain the first improved bacterial agent suspension, and finally make the first improved bacterial agent suspension into the first improved bacterial agent dry powder to obtain the first improved bacterial agent part. Among them, the liquid culture medium containing the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years (previously sterilized by high-pressure steam) contains the following ingredients: 35g / L glucose, 20g / L loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years, 5g / L corn steep liquor, 100mg / L urea, 100mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25mg / L calcium nitrate, 60mg / L magnesium sulfate, 18mg / L ferrous sulfate, 15mg / L zinc sulfate and 0.05mg / L copper sulfate; the first common culture medium is the above-mentioned liquid culture medium containing the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years without the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years.

[0028] The preparation method of the second improved bacterial agent is as follows: a mixed strain of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and Pediococcus acidilactici, and Burkholderia polyphaga are inoculated at an inoculation rate of 3% into a liquid culture medium containing tobacco continuous cropping acidic compacted soil leaching solution for culturing and domestication, the concentration of tobacco continuous cropping acidic compacted soil leaching solution is set to 4 g / L, 8 g / L, 16 g / L, 32 g / L, and 64 g / L, respectively, each concentration is passaged twice, cultured for 48 hours, and then inoculated to the next concentration after repeated domestication. After the domestication and culture are completed, they are inoculated into the second common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step. The target set for each level of culture is to reach a composite live bacteria number of ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, and obtain the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B; finally, the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B are made into the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A (obtained by taming and culturing the mixed strains of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and Pediococcus acidilactici) and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry B (obtained by taming and culturing Burkholderia multiphaga), and mixed to obtain the second improved bacterial agent part. Among them, the weight ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and Pediococcus acidilactici is 6:5:1.5; the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry B are mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:1. The liquid culture medium containing the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil (previously sterilized by high-pressure steam) contains, in addition to the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil, the following ingredients: 50g / L glucose, 6g / L yeast extract, 100mg / L ammonium nitrate, 100mg / L potassium nitrate, and 15mg / L calcium nitrate; the second common culture medium is the above-mentioned liquid culture medium containing the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil except that the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil has been removed.

[0029] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer part is as follows: animal manure, agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content, cake fertilizer, molasses, and calcium carbonate are mixed uniformly according to a weight ratio of 13:8:8:0.1:0.1, 0.02wt% EM bacterial agent is added to the above mixture, mixed and fermented for 18 days, and after the fermentation is completed, 0.2wt% of the first improved bacterial agent is added, and the moisture content is controlled to be 20% to obtain the organic fertilizer part. Among them, the animal manure is composed of pig manure, bird droppings and earthworm castings mixed in a weight ratio of 15:6:4, the agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content is composed of corn stalks and sugarcane bagasse mixed in a weight ratio of 18:3, and the cake fertilizer is rapeseed cake.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles consists of a first improved bacterial agent part, a second improved bacterial agent part and an organic fertilizer part.

[0032] The preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent is as follows: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azotobacter rotundifolia are mixed in a weight ratio of 5:12:6:2, and inoculated into a liquid culture medium containing a loose soil leaching solution of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years for culturing and domestication, wherein the concentration of the loose soil leaching solution of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years in the liquid culture medium is 10 g / L, and the domestication time is 20 days; and then inoculated into the first common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step, and the target of each level of culture is set to reach a composite live bacteria number of ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, obtain the first improved bacterial agent suspension, and finally make the first improved bacterial agent suspension into the first improved bacterial agent dry powder to obtain the first improved bacterial agent part. Among them, the liquid culture medium containing the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years (previously sterilized by high-pressure steam) contains the following ingredients: 60g / L glucose, 10g / L loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years, 8g / L corn steep liquor, 120mg / L urea, 120mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30mg / L calcium nitrate, 50mg / L magnesium sulfate, 15mg / L ferrous sulfate, 10mg / L zinc sulfate and 0.08mg / L copper sulfate; the first common culture medium is the above-mentioned liquid culture medium containing the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years without the loose soil leachate of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years.

[0033] The preparation method of the second improved bacterial agent is as follows: a mixed strain of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and Pediococcus acidilactici, and Burkholderia polyphaga are inoculated at an inoculation rate of 3% into a liquid culture medium containing tobacco continuous cropping acidic soil leachate for culturing and domestication, the concentration of tobacco continuous cropping acidic soil leachate is set to 5 g / L, 10 g / L, 20 g / L, 36 g / L, and 68 g / L, respectively, each concentration is passaged twice, cultured for 48 hours, and then inoculated to the next concentration after repeated domestication. After the domestication and culture are completed, they are inoculated into the second common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step. The target of each level of culture is set to reach a composite live bacteria number ≥ 1×10 8cfu / mL, and obtain the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B; finally, the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B are made into the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A (obtained by taming and culturing the mixed strains of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and Pediococcus acidilactici) and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry B (obtained by taming and culturing Burkholderia multiphaga), and mixed to obtain the second improved bacterial agent part. Among them, the weight ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and Pediococcus acidilactici is 8:5:2; the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry B are mixed according to the weight ratio of 4:1. The liquid culture medium containing the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil (previously sterilized with high-pressure steam) contains, in addition to the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil, the following ingredients: 30 g / L glucose, 8 g / L yeast extract, 80 mg / L ammonium nitrate, 80 mg / L potassium nitrate, and 10 mg / L calcium nitrate; the second common culture medium is the above-mentioned liquid culture medium containing the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil except that the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil has been removed.

[0034] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer part is as follows: animal manure, agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content, cake fertilizer, molasses, and calcium carbonate are mixed uniformly according to a weight ratio of 10:5:9:0.3:0.2, 0.025wt% EM bacterial agent is added to the weight of the above mixture, mixed and fermented for 18 days, and after the fermentation is completed, 0.2wt% of the first improved bacterial agent is added, and the moisture content is controlled to be 20% to obtain the organic fertilizer part. Among them, the animal manure is composed of pig manure, bird droppings and earthworm castings mixed in a weight ratio of 20:5:5, the agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content is composed of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse mixed in a weight ratio of 20:2, and the cake fertilizer is rapeseed cake.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] A fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles consists of a first improved bacterial agent part, a second improved bacterial agent part and an organic fertilizer part.

[0037] The preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent is as follows: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azotobacter rotundifolia are mixed in a weight ratio of 16:20:3:5, and inoculated into a liquid culture medium containing a loose soil extract of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years for culturing and domestication, wherein the concentration of the loose soil extract of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years in the liquid culture medium is 25 g / L, and the domestication time is 15 days; and then inoculated into the first common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step, and the target of each level of culture is set to reach a composite live bacteria number of ≥1×10 8cfu / mL, obtain the first improved bacterial agent suspension, and finally make the first improved bacterial agent suspension into the first improved bacterial agent dry powder to obtain the first improved bacterial agent part. Among them, the liquid culture medium containing the loose soil leachate of tobacco for more than 2 years (previously sterilized by high-pressure steam) contains the following ingredients: 40g / L glucose, 25g / L loose soil leachate of tobacco for more than 2 years, 4g / L corn steep liquor, 80mg / L urea, 80mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20mg / L calcium nitrate, 50mg / L magnesium sulfate, 20mg / L ferrous sulfate, 20mg / L zinc sulfate and 0.02mg / L copper sulfate; the first common culture medium is LB culture medium.

[0038] The preparation method of the second improved bacterial agent is as follows: a mixed strain of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and Pediococcus acidilactici, and Burkholderia polyphaga are inoculated at an inoculation rate of 3% into a liquid culture medium containing tobacco continuous cropping acidic compacted soil leaching solution for culturing and domestication, the concentration of tobacco continuous cropping acidic compacted soil leaching solution is set to 4 g / L, 8 g / L, 16 g / L, 32 g / L, and 64 g / L, respectively, each concentration is passaged twice, cultured for 48 hours, and then inoculated to the next concentration after repeated domestication. After the domestication and culture are completed, they are inoculated into the second common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step. The target set for each level of culture is to reach a composite live bacteria number of ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, and obtain the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B; finally, the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B are made into the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A (obtained by taming and culturing the mixed strains of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and Pediococcus acidilactici) and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry B (obtained by taming and culturing Burkholderia multiphaga), and mixed to obtain the second improved bacterial agent part. Among them, the weight ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus jelly-like and Pediococcus acidilactici is 3:2:1; the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry B are mixed according to the weight ratio of 8:1. The liquid culture medium containing the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil (previously sterilized by high-pressure steam) contains, in addition to the extract of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil, the following ingredients: 50 g / L glucose, 4 g / L yeast extract, 80 mg / L ammonium nitrate, 80 mg / L potassium nitrate, and 10 mg / L calcium nitrate; the second common culture medium is LB culture medium.

[0039] The preparation method of the organic fertilizer part is as follows: animal manure, agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content, cake fertilizer, molasses, and calcium carbonate are uniformly mixed according to a weight ratio of 20:5:5:0.3:0.2, 0.02wt% EM bacterial agent is added to the above mixture, mixed and fermented for 20 days, and after the fermentation is completed, 0.15wt% of the first improved bacterial agent is added, and the moisture content is controlled to be 20% to obtain the organic fertilizer part. Among them, the animal manure is composed of pig manure, bird droppings and earthworm castings mixed according to a weight ratio of 20:5:5, the agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content is composed of corn stalks and sugarcane bagasse mixed according to a weight ratio of 20:2, and the cake fertilizer is rapeseed cake.

[0040] Comparative Example 1

[0041] The first improved bacterial agent is prepared by mixing Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azotobacter rotundifolia in a weight ratio of 5:12:6:2. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0042] Comparative Example 2

[0043] The second improved bacterial agent is prepared by mixing Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus, and Pediococcus acidilactici at a weight ratio of 6:5:1.5, and then mixing the mixed bacteria with Burkholderia multiphaga at a weight ratio of 5:1. The rest is the same as in Example 1.

[0044] Comparative Example 3

[0045] The fertilizer only contains an organic fertilizer part, and the preparation method of the organic fertilizer part is: animal manure, agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content, cake fertilizer, molasses, and calcium carbonate are mixed evenly according to a weight ratio of 10:5:9:0.3:0.2, 0.025wt% EM bacterial agent is added to the weight of the above mixture, mixed and fermented for 18 days, and the moisture content is controlled to be 20% to obtain the organic fertilizer part. Among them, the animal manure is composed of pig manure, bird droppings and earthworm castings mixed in a weight ratio of 20:5:5, the agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content is composed of rice straw and sugarcane bagasse mixed in a weight ratio of 20:2, and the cake fertilizer is rapeseed cake.

[0046] Field test example

[0047] Field trials were conducted in the tobacco germplasm resource garden of Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute. The test site was soil that had been cropped for two consecutive years, and the average annual yield in the second year of continuous cropping was 156.5kg / mu.

[0048] The experiment set up 6 treatments:

[0049] Conventional planting (CK): Rapeseed is planted in winter and pressed green in January; during the transplanting period of flue-cured tobacco, deep plowing is done twice, each time more than 40cm deep, and 180kg / mu of farmyard manure is applied as base fertilizer during the second deep plowing. Other field management such as topdressing, tillage, weeding, etc. are unified according to the local high-quality flue-cured tobacco planting technology (topdressing uses tobacco-specific compound fertilizer).

[0050] The treatments of Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 are as follows: rapeseed is planted in winter, and 500g / mu of the first improved bacterial agent and 500g / mu of the second improved bacterial agent (the first improved bacterial agent and the second improved bacterial agent are diluted with water at a weight ratio of 1:800) are spread in the tobacco field planted with winter green manure crops in January, and pressed green; during the transplanting period of flue-cured tobacco, deep plowing is performed twice, each time deep plowing is performed for more than 40cm, and 180kg / mu of organic fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer during the second deep plowing. During the clustering period, 180kg / mu of organic fertilizer is applied as topdressing, and 500g / mu of the second improved bacterial agent (the second improved bacterial agent is diluted with water at a weight ratio of 1:800) is spread at the same time. Other field management such as topdressing, intertillage, and weeding are unified according to the local high-quality flue-cured tobacco planting technology.

[0051] Comparative Example 3 was treated as follows: rapeseed was planted in winter and pressed green in January; during the transplanting period of flue-cured tobacco, deep plowing was performed twice, each time more than 40 cm deep, and 180 kg / mu of organic fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer during the second deep plowing. During the clustering period, 180 kg / mu of organic fertilizer was applied as topdressing. Other field management such as topdressing, inter-cultivation, and weeding were unified according to the local high-quality flue-cured tobacco planting technology.

[0052] Each of the above treatments was tested on an area of ​​0.5 mu, with a randomized block design and three replicates. During the test, the soil conditions, tobacco yield and proportion of high-quality tobacco were investigated before planting winter green manure crops (A), before the first deep plowing (B) and after tobacco leaf picking (C).

[0053] Table 1 Soil condition survey form

[0054]

[0055] Table 2 Survey table on tobacco leaf yield and proportion of high-quality tobacco

[0056] Yield (kg / mu) High-quality smoke ratio Medium smoke ratio CK 118.2 37.9％ 48.0％ Example 1 152.7 66.3％ 30.9％ Example 2 148.9 63.1％ 35.2％ Comparative Example 1 140.1 55.1％ 38.1％ Comparative Example 2 142.8 58.2％ 36.9％ Comparative Example 3 130.7 42.7％ 48.1％

[0057] The test results show that the fertilizer of this embodiment can improve the soil environment to a certain extent, increase the content of organic matter, effective nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, and can also alleviate the decline in flue-cured tobacco yield caused by continuous cropping of the soil.

[0058] Those skilled in the art should note that the embodiments described in the present invention are merely exemplary, and various other substitutions, changes and improvements may be made within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but only to the claims.

Claims

1. A fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles, characterized in that: It consists of a first improved bacterial agent part, a second improved bacterial agent part and an organic fertilizer part; The preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent is as follows: Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Azotobacter rotundifolia are inoculated into a liquid culture medium containing a loose soil leaching solution of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years for culturing and domestication, wherein the concentration of the loose soil leaching solution of tobacco cropped for more than 2 years in the liquid culture medium is 10-30 g / L, and the acclimation time is 10-20 days; and then inoculated into the first common culture medium, and the culture is expanded step by step, and the target of each culture stage is set to reach a composite live bacteria number of ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, obtain a first improved bacterial agent suspension, and finally make the first improved bacterial agent suspension into a first improved bacterial agent dry powder to obtain the first improved bacterial agent part; The preparation method of the second improved bacterial agent part is: inoculate a mixed strain of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and Pediococcus acidilactici, and Burkholderia polyphaga at an inoculation rate of 2-5% into a liquid culture medium containing tobacco continuous cropping acidic compacted soil leachate for culturing and domestication, wherein the concentration of the tobacco continuous cropping acidic compacted soil leachate is set to 4-6 g / L, 8-10 g / L, 16-20 g / L, 32-36 g / L, and 64-68 g / L, respectively, and each concentration is passaged 2-3 times, cultured for 24-48 hours, and then inoculated to the next concentration after repeated domestication. After the domestication and culture are completed, inoculate into a second common culture medium, expand the culture step by step, and set the target of each level of culture to reach a composite live bacteria number ≥1×10 8 cfu / mL, and obtain a second improved bacterial agent suspension A and a second improved bacterial agent suspension B; finally, the second improved bacterial agent suspension A and the second improved bacterial agent suspension B are made into a second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A and a second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder B, respectively, and mixed to obtain the second improved bacterial agent part; The preparation method of the organic fertilizer part is: animal manure, agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content, cake fertilizer, molasses, and calcium carbonate are evenly mixed according to a weight ratio of 10-20:5-9:5-9:0.02-0.3:0.01-0.2, EM bacterial agent is added, mixed and fermented for 15-20 days, and after the fermentation is completed, 0.1-0.2wt% of the first improved bacterial agent is added to obtain the organic fertilizer part.

2. The fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent part, the weight ratio of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Azotobacter rotundifolia is 5-16:8-20:3-6:2-5.

3. The fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid culture medium containing the loose soil leachate of tobacco continuously planted for more than 2 years contains the following components: 30-60 g / L of glucose, 10-30 g / L of the loose soil leachate of tobacco continuously planted for more than 2 years, 4-8 g / L of corn steep liquor, 80-120 mg / L of urea, 80-120 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20-30 mg / L of calcium nitrate, 50-100 mg / L of magnesium sulfate, 15-20 mg / L of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 mg / L of zinc sulfate and 0.02-0.08 mg / L of copper sulfate.

4. The fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent part, the first common culture medium contains carbon source substances, nitrogen source substances, and inorganic salt substances.

5. The fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the second improved bacterial agent part, the weight ratio of Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus gelatinus and Pediococcus acidilactici is 3~8:2~6:1~2; the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder A and the second improved bacterial agent mixed bacterial agent dry powder B are mixed at a weight ratio of 4~8:

1.

6. The fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid culture medium containing the leachate of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil contains, in addition to the leachate of tobacco continuously cropped acidic compacted soil, the following components: 30-60 g / L of glucose, 4-8 g / L of yeast extract, 80-120 mg / L of ammonium nitrate, 80-120 mg / L of potassium nitrate, and 10-20 mg / L of calcium nitrate.

7. The fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the preparation method of the first improved bacterial agent part, the second common culture medium contains a carbon source substance, a nitrogen source substance, and an inorganic salt substance, and the carbon source substance contains a yeast extract.

8. The fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The animal manure is composed of pig manure, bird droppings and earthworm manure mixed in a weight ratio of 10-20:5-10:3-5; the agricultural and forestry waste with high fiber content is composed of corn straw and / or rice straw and sugarcane bagasse mixed in a weight ratio of 10-20:2-7.

9. Use of the fertilizer for improving tobacco continuous cropping disorder according to claims 1 to 8 in improving tobacco continuous cropping disorder.

10. The use according to claim 8, characterized in that: From December of each year to January of the following year, the first improved bacterial agent and the second improved bacterial agent are spread in tobacco fields planted with winter green manure crops to turn over the green manure; before transplanting tobacco, the organic fertilizer part is applied to the soil as base fertilizer; during the clustering period, the organic fertilizer part is applied as topdressing and the second improved bacterial agent is spread at the same time.

Images