Bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and preparation method of bio-organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, the bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: mushroom residues, pomace, mineral source potassium fulvic acid, a trace element additive, animal waste, gypsum powder, charcoal and a complex microbial inoculant, the addition amount of the complex microbial inoculant is 3-6% of the total mass of the raw materials, and the complex microbial inoculant is prepared by activating a strain and adding the activated strain into the activated strain. The strain is actinomycetes and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is bacillus amyloliquefaciens; the preparation method comprises three steps of activation of strains, preparation of the complex microbial inoculant and preparation of the organic fertilizer. According to the invention, compost fermentation is carried out by adding the composite compost microbial inoculum, the temperature can reach 68 DEG C during fermentation, the high-temperature period can be maintained for 14 days, innocent treatment is achieved, pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs in the raw materials are eliminated, and the composite compost microbial inoculum can play roles in inhibiting bacteria, preventing soil hardening, dissolving phosphorus, releasing potassium, fixing nitrogen and promoting rooting after being used.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of bio-organic fertilizers, and in particular to a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land usually has a poor physical structure, with heavy soil texture, poor air permeability and water permeability, easy to compact, and lack of agglomeration between soil particles, unable to form a stable soil structure, resulting in low tillage performance, hindered crop root growth, and then low tillage performance. At the same time, the high salt content in saline-alkali land leads to increased soil osmotic pressure, which hinders the plant roots from absorbing water and nutrients. In addition, the high salt and alkaline environment destroys the effectiveness of nutrients (such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) in the soil, and the nutrient supply is insufficient, further limiting the normal growth of crops. As a result, the saline-alkali environment inhibits the growth of beneficial microorganisms and soil animals, and the lack of organic matter and active bacteria in the soil leads to the degradation of the soil ecosystem.

[0003] With the development of modern agriculture, the demand for fertilizers is increasing. However, traditional fertilizers have shown many shortcomings in the improvement of saline-alkali land. For example, the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers will lead to soil compaction and decreased fertility, long-term damage to soil structure, and deterioration of the saline-alkali land environment. At the same time, chemical fertilizers are prone to cause environmental problems such as soil acidification, groundwater pollution, and heavy metal residues. In addition, the application of chemical fertilizers often induces pests and diseases and weeds, further increasing farmers' production costs. The content of traditional organic fertilizers varies depending on the raw materials and preparation processes, and there are problems of nutrient imbalance and instability, which cannot meet the needs of rapid plant growth. Saline-alkali land requires organic fertilizers to quickly improve soil organic matter and aggregate formation capacity, but traditional organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly and have limited improvement effects.

[0004] That is, the long-term and large-scale use of traditional chemical fertilizers has brought many problems, such as soil compaction, decreased fertility, environmental pollution, etc. Bio-organic fertilizers can effectively improve soil structure and increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and the beneficial microorganisms contained in them can promote plant growth and enhance plant resistance to diseases and pests, which is of great significance in sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, the present invention proposes a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof, which has the advantages of high efficiency, high quality and easy preparation, and can solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: a biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 to 20 parts of mushroom residue, 6 to 8 parts of fruit residue, 1 to 2 parts of mineral potassium humate, 1 to 2 parts of trace element additives, 1 to 2 parts of animal feces, 1 to 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 to 2 parts of biochar and composite bacterial agent, wherein the addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 3 to 6% of the total mass of the raw materials, the composite bacterial agent is prepared by activating the strains and inoculating them in a mixed bacterial fermentation medium, the strains are actinomycetes and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the trace element additive is magnesium sulfate, and the animal feces is one of chicken manure, cow manure and sheep manure.

[0007] A further improvement is that the mixed bacteria fermentation medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 g / L soybean meal, 5-15 g / L corn flour, 0.5-1.5 g / L chloride salt, and the balance is water.

[0008] A further improvement is that the ratio of the actinomycetes to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1:1.

[0009] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Activation of bacteria

[0011] The actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were inoculated into LB medium at an inoculum size of 1%, and the culture was shaken for 16 hours, and then stored in a refrigerator at 4°C to obtain activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens;

[0012] Step 2: Preparation of composite bacterial agent

[0013] The activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are inoculated into a mixed fermentation medium at a ratio of 1:1, and cultured with shaking for 55 to 65 hours to obtain a composite bacterial agent;

[0014] Step 3: Preparation of organic fertilizer

[0015] The composite bacterial agent is mixed with mushroom residue, fruit residue, animal feces, gypsum powder, biochar and mineral potassium humate, and then water is added, and the mixture is piled into strips, which are turned over every 7 days. After fermentation for 28 days, the biological organic fertilizer is obtained.

[0016] A further improvement is that in step 1, the shaking culture conditions are: temperature 28°C to 30°C, and rotation speed 170r / min.

[0017] A further improvement is that in step 2, the shaking culture conditions are: temperature 28°C to 30°C, pH 7.0 to 7.2, and rotation speed 180 r / min.

[0018] A further improvement is that in step three, the initial addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 2-4% of the total amount of the starting material, and the remaining composite bacterial agent is added after the internal temperature of the pile body drops to 40°C.

[0019] A further improvement is that in step three, after adding water, the water content of the compost material is adjusted to 60%.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention efficiently treats and utilizes agricultural waste by adding a composite bacterial agent, and the temperature of the compost can reach 68°C during compost fermentation, and the high temperature period can be maintained for up to 14 days, thereby completely killing pathogens and insect eggs and achieving the goal of harmless treatment. At the same time, during the fermentation process, the composite bacterial agent can decompose organic matter, release nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that are easily absorbed by plants, and further improve the nutrient utilization efficiency of fertilizers through the phosphorus dissolving, potassium releasing and nitrogen fixing functions of the bacterial agent. At the same time, the bacterial agent also has the effects of antibacterial and rooting and growth promotion.

[0021] The present invention can significantly improve the aggregate structure of soil through mushroom residue, pomace and biochar, improve the air permeability and water permeability of soil, solve the problem of heavy and hardened soil in saline-alkali land, and improve the water retention performance of soil, provide more stable water supply for crop root growth, further, the raw materials such as mushroom residue, pomace, animal feces are decomposed to form humus, significantly improve the content of soil organic matter, and improve the ecological function of soil. Reuse composite bacterial agent to decompose organic matter and minerals, promote the release of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, improve the effectiveness of nutrients in saline-alkali soil, and gypsum powder reduces the concentration of sodium ions in soil through calcium ion replacement, and improves salt damage and alkali damage in saline-alkali land. The present invention can improve saline-alkali land soil quickly, continuously and effectively through the comprehensive effects of physics (improving soil structure), chemistry (regulating salinity and increasing nutrient effectiveness) and biology (restoring microecological vitality), so that the improved saline-alkali land has higher productivity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the preparation steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] The sources of the materials in the following examples are all commercially purchased. LB medium is a meat extract peptone medium, a medium widely used for culturing bacteria, and the preparation method is as follows: take 10g / L of tryptone, 5g / L of yeast extract and 10g / L of NaCl, adjust the pH to 7.0, and dilute to 1L with deionized water. Composite bacterial agent refers to a composite strain used together with a culture medium. The following actinomycete agent was purchased from Jinan Jinyuyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the number of viable bacteria is ≥100 billion / g. The following Bacillus amyloliquefaciens agent was purchased from Beihai Qiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0025] The reduction and resource utilization of agricultural organic solid waste is an effective way to reduce environmental pollution. At present, the main way to realize the resource utilization of agricultural waste is composting. However, during the composting fermentation process, there are often problems such as low fermentation temperature, long fermentation time, incomplete killing of pathogens and eggs, insufficient fermentation, and loss of nutrients. Therefore, promoting composting maturity and shortening the composting fermentation cycle are the key to improving composting quality and efficiency. Mushroom residue is the main agricultural waste in the Hexi region of Gansu. It is easy to deteriorate and difficult to preserve due to its large output. Fruit residue is the waste material of processing and making preserved fruits, juice, and fruit wine. It contains high moisture and cellulose, as well as a certain amount of protein and amino acids. These ingredients can provide nutrition for the soil and improve the fertility and structure of the soil. Organic matter is an important component of soil. It can increase the water retention and air permeability of the soil, promote the reproduction and activity of soil microorganisms, and thus improve the overall performance of the soil. The organic matter in the fruit residue can react with the salt in the soil to form a relatively stable complex, thereby reducing the salt content of the soil to a certain extent. In addition, acidic substances such as organic acids produced during the fermentation of pomace help adjust the pH of the soil, making it more suitable for plant growth. The pomace undergoes a fermentation and decay process in the soil, during which microorganisms multiply in the pomace and decompose organic matter and cellulose. This process produces a large number of beneficial bacteria and humus, which helps improve the structure and texture of the soil. Humus can increase the aggregate structure of the soil, improve the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, and reduce the phenomenon of soil compaction, which is beneficial to the growth and development of plant roots.

[0026] In the present invention, mushroom residue and fruit residue are compounded as organic materials, which are harmlessly treated by biological fermentation, and functional microorganisms are added thereto to prepare biological organic fertilizer, so that agricultural wastes such as mushroom residue and fruit residue are resourced and industrialized, providing an effective way and method for establishing a complete and regenerative ecological system for the sustainable development of agriculture. The compound of mushroom residue and fruit residue not only has complete nutritional elements but also can increase soil porosity and improve soil quality.

[0027] Therefore, based on the following embodiments, the present invention can achieve the harmless treatment and reuse of agricultural waste. No new waste liquid and solid waste are generated during the treatment process. The types of auxiliary materials added are few, the cost is low, and no new substances that may affect the environment are introduced. The overall treatment difficulty is low, the efficiency is high, and it is environmentally friendly.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment proposes a biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land, including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 19 parts of mushroom residue, 6 parts of fruit residue, 2 parts of mineral potassium humate, 1 part of trace element additive, 1 part of animal manure, 1 part of gypsum powder and 1 part of biochar and composite bacterial agent, the animal manure is chicken manure, the trace element additive is magnesium sulfate, which can not only provide magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) for crops, but also play an important role in photosynthesis, enzyme activity and protein metabolism of crops, the addition amount of composite bacterial agent is 4% of the total mass of the raw materials, the composite bacterial agent is activated by activating the strain and inoculating it in a mixed bacterial fermentation medium for cultivation, the strain is actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the mixed bacterial fermentation medium includes the following weight materials: 20g / L soybean meal, 13g / L corn flour, 1g / L chloride salt, and the balance is water, wherein the ratio of actinomycetes to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1:1.

[0030] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0031] Step 1: Activation of bacteria

[0032] Under a sterile operating environment, actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are inoculated at a 1% inoculum into the sterilized and cooled LB medium, and the LB medium is placed in a triangular flask. The inoculated triangular flask is placed in a constant temperature shaking incubator, and the following culture conditions are set: temperature 29°C (optimal growth temperature range of the strain, ensuring high metabolic activity), speed 170r / min (moderate shaking frequency helps oxygen supply and enhances bacterial proliferation). Then, shake culture for 16 hours, and then store in a 4°C refrigerator to obtain activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The purpose of activation is to make the bacteria enter the logarithmic growth phase through cultivation, with active metabolism and fast proliferation rate, laying the foundation for subsequent mixed bacteria fermentation.

[0033] Step 2: Preparation of composite bacterial agent

[0034] The activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were inoculated in a mixed fermentation medium at a ratio of 1:1. The mixed fermentation medium had been sterilized and cooled. Furthermore, a constant temperature shaking incubator was used to set the following culture conditions: temperature 29°C, pH 7.1 (suitable for the growth environment of actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), and speed 180r / min. The composite bacterial agent was obtained after 60 hours of shaking culture. Among them, actinomycetes can produce antimicrobial peptides, inhibit harmful microorganisms in compost raw materials, decompose complex organic matter in compost, and accelerate the fermentation process. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can decompose insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil, release effective phosphorus and potassium for plant absorption, and secrete growth-promoting substances to improve the development of crop root systems. Therefore, the synergistic effect of actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can significantly improve the compost fermentation efficiency and optimize the quality of fertilizers.

[0035] Step 3: Preparation of organic fertilizer

[0036] The composite bacterial agent is mixed with mushroom residue (rich in organic matter and fiber, as the main source of organic matter), fruit residue (provides a fermentable carbon source and provides energy for microorganisms), mineral potassium humate (improves soil structure and promotes plant absorption of nutrients), animal manure (chicken manure, which significantly increases the total nutrient content of biological organic fertilizer and improves the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer), gypsum powder (contains calcium sulfate, which can replace sodium ions in the soil, reduce the sodium content of saline-alkali land, and thus improve saline-alkali) and biochar (the porous structure of biochar can significantly increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil), and then water is added to adjust the moisture content of the compost material to 60%, and the compost is piled into strips. The strip shape is conducive to air circulation and avoids oxygen deficiency during the compost fermentation process. The compost is turned over every 7 days. After 28 days of fermentation, the biological organic fertilizer is obtained. The initial addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 3% of the total amount of the starting material. After the internal temperature of the pile body drops to 40°C, the remaining composite bacterial agent is added. Specifically, at the beginning of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly and enters the high temperature stage (55-68°C). The high temperature period can last for 14 days. During this stage, pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds are killed. When the internal temperature of the pile drops to 40°C, the remaining compound bacterial agent is added, which can effectively decompose organic matter and increase the nutrient content of the fertilizer.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] according to Figure 1As shown, this embodiment proposes a biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land, including the following raw materials by weight: 18 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of fruit residue, 2 parts of mineral potassium humate, 2 parts of trace element additives, 1 part of animal feces, 1 part of gypsum powder and 1 part of biochar and composite bacterial agent, the trace element additive is magnesium sulfate, the amount of composite bacterial agent added is 6% of the total mass of the raw materials, the composite bacterial agent is obtained by inoculating activated strains in a mixed bacterial fermentation medium, the strains are actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the mixed bacterial fermentation medium includes the following weight materials: 25g / L soybean meal, 15g / L corn flour, 1.5g / L chloride salt, the balance is water, and the mixed bacterial fermentation medium is based on 1L. The ratio of actinomycetes to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1:1.

[0039] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Activation of bacteria

[0041] Under a sterile operating environment, actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are inoculated at a 1% inoculum into the sterilized and cooled LB medium, and the LB medium is placed in a triangular flask. The inoculated triangular flask is placed in a constant temperature shaking incubator, and the following culture conditions are set: temperature 28 (optimal growth temperature range of the strain, ensuring high metabolic activity), speed 170r / min (moderate shaking frequency helps oxygen supply and enhances bacterial proliferation). Then, shake culture for 16 hours, and then store in a 4°C refrigerator to obtain activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The purpose of activation is to make the bacteria enter the logarithmic growth phase through cultivation, with active metabolism and fast proliferation rate, laying the foundation for subsequent mixed bacteria fermentation.

[0042] Step 2: Preparation of composite bacterial agent

[0043] The activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were inoculated in a mixed fermentation medium at a ratio of 1:1. The mixed fermentation medium had been sterilized and cooled. Furthermore, a constant temperature shaking incubator was used to set the following culture conditions: temperature 28°C, pH 7.0 (suitable for the growth environment of actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), and speed 180r / min. After 55 hours of shaking culture, a composite bacterial agent was obtained. Among them, actinomycetes can produce antimicrobial peptides, inhibit harmful microorganisms in compost raw materials, decompose complex organic matter in compost, and accelerate the fermentation process. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can decompose insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil, release effective phosphorus and potassium for plant absorption, and secrete growth-promoting substances to improve the development of crop root systems. Therefore, the synergistic effect of actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can significantly improve the compost fermentation efficiency and optimize the quality of fertilizers.

[0044] Step 3: Preparation of organic fertilizer

[0045] The composite bacterial agent is mixed with mushroom residue (rich in organic matter and fiber, as the main source of organic matter), fruit residue (provides a fermentable carbon source and provides energy for microorganisms), animal manure (cow dung, which significantly increases the total nutrient content of biological organic fertilizer and improves the fertilizer efficiency), gypsum powder (contains calcium sulfate, which can replace sodium ions in the soil, reduce the sodium content of saline-alkali land, and thus improve saline-alkali) and biochar (the porous structure of biochar can significantly increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil) and mineral potassium humate (improve soil structure and promote plant absorption of nutrients), and then water is added to adjust the moisture content of the compost material to 60%, and the compost is piled into strips. The strip shape is conducive to air circulation and avoids oxygen deficiency during the compost fermentation process. The compost is turned over every 7 days. After 28 days of fermentation, the biological organic fertilizer is obtained. The initial addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 2% of the total amount of the starting material. After the internal temperature of the pile body drops to 40°C, the remaining composite bacterial agent is added. Specifically, at the beginning of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly and enters the high temperature stage (55-68°C). The high temperature period can last for 14 days. During this stage, pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds are killed. When the internal temperature of the pile drops to 40°C, the remaining compound bacterial agent is added, which can effectively decompose organic matter and increase the nutrient content of the fertilizer.

[0046] Embodiment 3

[0047] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land, including the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of mushroom residue, 7 parts of fruit residue, 1 part of mineral potassium humate, 1 part of trace element additive, 2 parts of animal feces, 2 parts of gypsum powder and 2 parts of biochar and composite bacterial agent, the trace element additive is magnesium sulfate, the addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 3% of the total mass of the raw materials, the composite bacterial agent is obtained by inoculating activated strains in a mixed bacterial fermentation medium, the strains are actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, wherein the mixed bacterial fermentation medium includes the following weight materials: 15g / L soybean meal, 5g / L corn flour, 0.5g / L chloride salt, and the balance is water, wherein the ratio of actinomycetes to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1:1.

[0048] A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land comprises the following steps:

[0049] Step 1: Activation of bacteria

[0050] Under a sterile operating environment, actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are inoculated at a 1% inoculum into the sterilized and cooled LB medium, and the LB medium is placed in a triangular flask. The inoculated triangular flask is placed in a constant temperature shaking incubator, and the following culture conditions are set: temperature 30°C (optimal growth temperature range of the strain, ensuring high metabolic activity), speed 170r / min (moderate shaking frequency helps oxygen supply and enhances bacterial proliferation). Then, shake culture for 16 hours, and then store in a 4°C refrigerator to obtain activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The purpose of activation is to make the bacteria enter the logarithmic growth phase through cultivation, with active metabolism and fast proliferation rate, laying the foundation for subsequent mixed bacteria fermentation.

[0051] Step 2: Preparation of composite bacterial agent

[0052] The activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were inoculated in a mixed fermentation medium at a ratio of 1:1. The mixed fermentation medium had been sterilized and cooled. Furthermore, a constant temperature shaking incubator was used to set the following culture conditions: temperature 30°C, pH 7.2 (suitable for the growth environment of actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens), and speed 180r / min. The composite bacterial agent was obtained after 65 hours of shaking culture. Among them, actinomycetes can produce antimicrobial peptides, inhibit harmful microorganisms in compost raw materials, decompose complex organic matter in compost, and accelerate the fermentation process. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can decompose insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil, release effective phosphorus and potassium for plant absorption, and secrete growth-promoting substances to improve the development of crop root systems. Therefore, the synergistic effect of actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can significantly improve the compost fermentation efficiency and optimize the quality of fertilizers.

[0053] Step 3: Preparation of organic fertilizer

[0054] The composite bacterial agent is mixed with mushroom residue (rich in organic matter and fiber, as the main source of organic matter), fruit residue (provides a fermentable carbon source and provides energy for microorganisms), animal manure (sheep manure, which significantly increases the total nutrient content of biological organic fertilizer and improves the fertilizer efficiency of fertilizer), gypsum powder (contains calcium sulfate, which can replace sodium ions in the soil, reduce the sodium content of saline-alkali land, and thus improve saline-alkali) and biochar (the porous structure of biochar can significantly increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil) and mineral potassium humate (improve soil structure and promote plant absorption of nutrients), and then water is added to adjust the moisture content of the compost material to 60%, and the compost is piled into strips. The strip shape is conducive to air circulation and avoids oxygen deficiency during the compost fermentation process. The compost is turned over every 7 days. After 28 days of fermentation, the biological organic fertilizer is obtained. The initial addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 4% of the total amount of the starting material. After the internal temperature of the pile body drops to 40°C, the remaining composite bacterial agent is added. Specifically, at the beginning of fermentation, the temperature of the pile rises rapidly and enters the high temperature stage (55-68°C). The high temperature period can last for 14 days. During this stage, pathogens, insect eggs and weed seeds are killed. When the internal temperature of the pile drops to 40°C, the remaining compound bacterial agent is added, which can effectively decompose organic matter and increase the nutrient content of the fertilizer.

[0055] Since the soil texture of saline-alkali land is usually heavy and has poor air permeability and water permeability, it is easy to cause soil compaction. At the same time, the soil particles lack good agglomeration and cannot form a stable soil structure, resulting in low tillage performance and hindered crop root growth. At the same time, the saline-alkali environment inhibits the growth of beneficial microorganisms and soil animals. The lack of active bacteria in the soil results in low organic matter content and reduced ecosystem vitality. Soil degradation further leads to reduced stress resistance and yield of crops in saline-alkali land, exacerbating the problems in agricultural production.

[0056] In the present invention, in view of the above situation, mushroom residues and fruit residues can be used to effectively improve soil agglomeration, increase soil porosity, change the soil texture of saline-alkali land from sticky to loose, improve air permeability and water permeability, and then combined with the addition of animal manure to further supplement organic matter, combined with the porous structure of biochar, the soil aggregate structure is more stable, and the problem of soil compaction is solved. In this way, the shortcomings of saline-alkali land are improved, and the improved soil provides a more suitable growth environment for crop roots, the roots can expand more deeply, and the crop's ability to absorb water and nutrients is improved.

[0057] Further, gypsum powder is used to replace sodium ions in the soil through ion exchange, reduce salt accumulation, effectively reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil, improve the chemical properties of the soil, and at the same time, potassium humate from mineral sources provides organic acid, further neutralizes soil alkalinity, improves the buffering capacity of saline-alkali soil, and improves pH value. Correspondingly, nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in saline-alkali land are usually in an inefficient state. The present invention provides chelated trace elements and functional bacterial agents to activate the nutrients in the soil and increase their effectiveness, thereby meeting the needs of crop growth. Then the actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the formula can inhibit pathogens in the soil, enhance the disease resistance of the soil, and at the same time improve the decomposition efficiency of organic matter in the soil, accelerate the formation of humus, and the addition of animal feces and biochar provides rich nutrition and a suitable habitat for microorganisms, further promotes the reproduction of beneficial bacteria, and rebuilds the saline-alkali soil micro-ecosystem. Thus, the biological organic fertilizer provided by the present invention can be applied to saline-alkali land, thereby improving its soil environment.

[0058] The application of the biological organic fertilizer provided in Example 2 in corn cultivation has been verified by field tests organized by the Jinchang Municipal Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, and has the following beneficial effects: by adding a composite composting agent for composting fermentation, the temperature of the fermentation itself can reach 68°C, and the high temperature period can be maintained for 14 days, all of which achieve harmless treatment, eliminate pathogens and insect eggs in the raw materials, and can inhibit bacteria, prevent soil compaction, dissolve phosphorus and release potassium, fix nitrogen, and help rooting after use.

[0059] The quality is judged by testing the ingredients in the biological organic fertilizer, wherein the effective live bacteria count in the biological organic fertilizer is greater than 20 million / g, the mass fraction of organic matter (on a drying basis) is greater than 45%, the mass fraction of water (fresh sample) is less than 30%, the mortality rate of ascaris eggs reaches 100%, the number of fecal coliform bacteria is less than 3 / g, no total arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium and chromium are detected, and the pH is 6-8.5, which has reached the national standard NY884-2012 for biological organic fertilizer.

[0060] Take bio-organic fertilizer as main material, coordinate chemical fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate and urea, adopt four processes, three repetitions, be respectively the first process (no fertilization, blank), the second process (conventional fertilization), the third process (matrix fertilization) and the fourth process (the bio-organic fertilizer process of embodiment one), wherein matrix fertilization uses the bio-organic fertilizer produced by Gansu Yasheng Jinchangsheng Agricultural Bio-organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd..Conventional fertilization is to monitor the output, fertilizer application, cost, rate of increase in yield, economic benefit in the planting process without using bio-organic fertilizer.The result shows: after the base manure is applied with this bio-organic fertilizer, the corn leaf color is dark green, the leaf blade is thick, and commercial property is good.Its plant height and stem thickness are all improved to varying degrees. At the time of harvest, compared with the second treatment, the height and stem diameter of corn in the fourth treatment increased by 38cm and 0.45cm respectively; compared with the second treatment, the number of corn ears, 100-grain weight, and number of grains per row in the fourth treatment were 540, 36.4, and 38 respectively. The application of the bio-organic fertilizer as basal fertilizer increased by 18, 1.2, and 1 compared with conventional fertilization. The number of ears, 100-grain weight, and number of grains per row increased to varying degrees. After applying the bio-organic fertilizer, the yield of the fourth treatment was significantly improved, and the yield per hectare reached 13201.50kg, which was 1325.63kg higher than the conventional fertilization in the second treatment, with an increase rate of 11.16%, and a significant increase in yield. It was 1111.67kg higher than the third treatment, with an increase rate of 9.20%, and a significant increase in yield. The output value of corn per hectare using the bio-organic fertilizer was 22,331 yuan, which was 2,381.19 yuan higher than the second treatment, with a significant increase in income. The input-output ratio of the test fertilizer was 1:6.0, and the production effect was significant. Compared with the third treatment, the value-added per mu was 2001 yuan, and the economic effect was significant. The application of bio-organic fertilizer produced by Gansu Yasheng Jinchangsheng Agricultural Bio-Organic Fertilizer Co., Ltd. as base fertilizer has a certain improvement effect on the biological traits of corn, which can effectively increase the plant height and stem thickness of corn, and at the same time reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, and the effect of increasing production and income is significant. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of bio-organic fertilizer in corn planting.

[0061] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the framework and scope of application of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 to 20 parts of mushroom residue, 6 to 8 parts of fruit residue, 1 to 2 parts of mineral potassium humate, 1 to 2 parts of trace element additives, 1 to 2 parts of animal excrement, 1 to 2 parts of gypsum powder, 1 to 2 parts of biochar and composite bacterial agent, wherein the addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 3 to 6% of the total weight of the raw materials, the composite bacterial agent is prepared by activating bacterial strains and inoculating them into a mixed bacterial fermentation medium, the bacterial strains are actinomycetes and bacillus amyloliquefaciens, the trace element additive is magnesium sulfate, and the animal excrement is one of chicken excrement, cow excrement and sheep excrement.

2. A biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The mixed bacteria fermentation medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-25 g / L soybean meal, 5-15 g / L corn flour, 0.5-1.5 g / L chloride salt, and the balance is water.

3. A biological organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The ratio of the actinomycetes to the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is 1:

1.

4. The method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Activation of bacteria The actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens were inoculated into LB medium at an inoculum size of 1%, and the culture was shaken for 16 hours, and then stored in a refrigerator at 4°C to obtain activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens; Step 2: Preparation of composite bacterial agent The activated actinomycetes and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are inoculated into a mixed fermentation medium at a ratio of 1:1, and cultured with shaking for 55 to 65 hours to obtain a composite bacterial agent; Step 3: Preparation of organic fertilizer The composite bacterial agent is mixed with mushroom residue, fruit residue, animal feces, gypsum powder, biochar and mineral potassium humate, and then water is added, and the mixture is piled into strips, which are turned over every 7 days. After fermentation for 28 days, the biological organic fertilizer is obtained.

5. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 1, the shaking culture conditions are: temperature 28°C to 30°C, and rotation speed 170r / min.

6. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 2, the shaking culture conditions are: temperature 28°C to 30°C, pH 7.0 to 7.2, and rotation speed 180 r / min.

7. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 3, the initial addition amount of the composite bacterial agent is 2-4% of the total amount of the starting materials, and the remaining composite bacterial agent is added after the internal temperature of the pile body drops to 40°C.

8. A method for preparing a bio-organic fertilizer for saline-alkali land according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step 3, after adding water, the water content of the compost material is adjusted to 60%.

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