Novel modifier for reducing pH value of saline-alkali soil as well as preparation method and application of novel modifier

Abstract

The invention provides a novel modifier for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali soil and a preparation method and application thereof.The novel modifier with waste vinegar residues and vinegar liquid as main raw materials is used for reducing the pH value of the saline-alkali soil and improving the soil structure and fertility, the modifier is prepared from, 30%-50% of modified vinegar residues, 10%-20% of vinegar liquid, 10%-20% of compound microbial agent and 10%-20% of organic fertilizer, the natural acidic mineral sulfur accounts for 5%-15%, the phosphogypsum accounts for 5%-15%, and the hypersensitive protease accounts for 1%-5%. Appropriate vinegar factory waste vinegar residues and vinegar liquid are selected, the storage process is improved, and it is ensured that the quality of raw materials meets the food-grade standard. Removing impurities from the vinegar residues, but not cleaning and drying, and keeping the natural acid content of the vinegar residues; the vinegar liquid is filtered, and suspended solids and impurities are removed. Raw materials such as vinegar residues are soaked in vinegar liquid for 12-24 hours, so that acidic functional groups are introduced to the surfaces of the vinegar residues, and negative charges on the surfaces of the vinegar residues are increased. And uniformly mixing the acidified vinegar residues with vinegar liquid, a compound microbial agent and the like in proportion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a novel improver using waste vinegar grains and vinegar liquid from vinegar factories as main raw materials, which is used for reducing pH value of saline-alkali land and improving soil structure and fertility. Background Art

[0002] The improvement of saline-alkali land has always been a difficult problem in the agricultural field. The high alkalinity and high salinity of saline-alkali soil cause serious harm to the growth of crops and limit the efficiency of land use. Traditional improvement methods include the application of chemical improvers such as ferrous sulfate, aluminum sulfate, and gypsum, but these methods have problems such as high cost, unstable effect, and potential impact on the environment. In recent years, although some new improvers and technologies have emerged, these improvers still face the dual challenges of cost and effect when applied on a large scale. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new and efficient improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land, which is innovative, economical and practical, can effectively reduce soil alkalinity, improve soil structure, and increase soil fertility, and exists in two forms: liquid and solid with a water content of less than 40%, so as to meet the needs of different application scenarios. Through innovative formulas and processes, low-cost, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly improvement effects are achieved, while solving the shortcomings of traditional improvement methods.

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution: the method comprises (I) Improver formula composition The improver of the present invention is composed of the following raw materials in weight ratio: Modified vinegar grains: 30%-50%, vinegar liquid: 10%-20%, compound microbial agent: 10%-20%, organic fertilizer: 10%-20%, natural acidic mineral (sulfur): 5%-15%, phosphogypsum: 5%-15%, hypersensitive protease: 1%-5%.

[0005] (II) Innovative technology for modified vinegar lees and vinegar liquid 1. Raw material preparation Select appropriate waste vinegar grains and vinegar liquid from vinegar factories, improve storage processes, and ensure that the quality of raw materials meets food grade standards.

[0006] 2. Preprocessing The vinegar dregs are free of impurities but are not cleaned or dried to maintain their natural acid content; the vinegar liquid is filtered to remove suspended matter and impurities.

[0007] 3. Acidification The vinegar dregs and other raw materials are soaked in vinegar solution for 12-24 hours to introduce acidic functional groups on the surface of the vinegar dregs and increase the negative charge on the surface.

[0008] 4. Mix well The acidified vinegar dregs are mixed evenly with vinegar liquid, compound microbial agent, organic fertilizer, sulfur, phosphogypsum and supersensitive protease according to the above proportions.

[0009] 5. Innovation Directly utilizing acidic liquid: The present invention directly utilizes the acidic characteristics of vinegar liquid without washing and drying treatment, thereby retaining the effective components in the vinegar liquid and improving resource utilization.

[0010] 6. Composite modification: Combine physical, chemical and biological methods to achieve multi-dimensional modification of vinegar lees and improve its comprehensive performance.

[0011] Application of hypersensitive protease: Adding hypersensitive protease can significantly shorten the fermentation time, improve fermentation efficiency and enhance the biological activity of the improver.

[0012] (III) Selection and application of natural acidic minerals 1. Mechanism of action Sulfur is oxidized in the soil to form sulfuric acid, which reacts chemically with salts such as Na2CO3, NaHCO3, and NaCl to form Na2SO4 and water, releasing CO2, H⁺, etc., thereby lowering the pH value of the soil. At the same time, sulfur reacts with calcium carbonate in the soil to form highly soluble calcium sulfate, which increases the active calcium content in the soil and improves the soil structure.

[0013] 2. Economical Sulfur is relatively cheap and can be recovered from sour natural gas and petroleum waste gas produced by combustion, reducing costs.

[0014] 3. Security Sulfur is harmless to humans and animals and is not likely to be toxic to crops.

[0015] 4. Notes When using sulfur, pay attention to the dosage and its changing trend in the soil to avoid excessive application that may aggravate soil salt damage.

[0016] (IV) Preparation method 1. Raw material preparation The modified vinegar grains, vinegar liquid, compound microbial agent, organic fertilizer, sulfur, phosphogypsum and supersensitive protease are mixed evenly according to the above proportions.

[0017] 2. Fermentation The mixture is fermented under specific temperature (30-40°C) and humidity (60%-70%) conditions for 5-7 days. After adding the ultrasensitive protease, the fermentation time is significantly shortened and the fermentation efficiency is improved.

[0018] 3. Mix well After fermentation is completed, the mixture is thoroughly mixed to ensure that the ingredients are evenly distributed to obtain a solid improver with a water content of less than 40%.

[0019] (V) Application methods 1. Application of liquid improver (1) Water-fertilizer integration: Dilute the squeezed vinegar solution to a suitable concentration (1:10-1:20) and apply it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integration system, applying 100-200L per mu of land.

[0020] (2) Foliar spraying: Spray the diluted vinegar solution on the leaves to improve the plant's stress resistance and disease resistance and promote plant growth.

[0021] 2. Application of solid modifier (1) Dry application: Spread the solid amendment with a moisture content of less than 40% evenly on the soil surface at a rate of 150-200 kg per mu of land, and then till the soil to fully mix the amendment with the soil.

[0022] (2) Furrow or hole application: Before planting crops, apply a certain amount of amendment into the furrow or hole, and then cover with soil to improve the improvement effect.

[0023] (3) Spreading fertilizer in the water layer of paddy fields using a fertilizer spreader: suitable for paddy field environments.

[0024] 3. Follow-up management (1) Watering: The amendment is biologically active and volatile. It should be used when the soil is moist and away from high temperatures and strong winds to promote the effectiveness of the amendment.

[0025] (2) Monitoring: Regularly monitor soil pH and salt content, and apply additional fertilizers as needed to ensure long-term stability of the improvement effect.

[0026] (VI) Main features 1. Composite formula: This improver adopts a composite formula, combining physical, chemical and biological methods to achieve multi-dimensional improvement, which has not been reported in the prior art.

[0027] 2. Resource utilization: Directly utilize the acidic properties of vinegar without washing and drying, retaining the effective ingredients in the vinegar and improving resource utilization.

[0028] 3. Application of hypersensitive protease: Adding hypersensitive protease can significantly shorten the fermentation time, improve fermentation efficiency and enhance the biological activity of the improver.

[0029] 4. pH controlled-release microcapsule technology: pH-sensitive materials are added to the improver, which can control the release of active divalent cations according to changes in soil pH, and has the effect of long-term replacement of sodium ions in saline-alkali soil colloids.

[0030] 5. Raw material cost: All raw materials are widely available and low in cost, the preparation process is simple, and it is easy to produce on a large scale.

[0031] 6. Application effect: After application, it can significantly improve soil fertility, increase crop yields, and has high economic benefits.

[0032] 7. Long-term stability: Compared with traditional improvement methods, this improver can achieve long-term stable improvement effects with one application, reducing the cost of repeated applications.

[0033] (VII) Experimental results 1. Changes in soil pH: After applying the amendment, the soil pH dropped significantly. For example, the soil pH was 8.5 before application, and dropped to 7.8 after application.

[0034] 2. Crop yield: For plots where the modifier is applied and the crop yield is good, the following is the content of the invention application after further improvement: 3. Changes in soil pH After applying the amendment, the soil pH value dropped significantly. For example, the soil pH value was 8.5 before application, and it dropped to 7.8 after application. In the comparative tests of different soil types and application amounts, the amendment showed good alkalinity reduction effect, and the effect was stable.

[0035] Crop yields: The plots where the modifiers were applied had significantly higher crop yields. Experiments have shown that the modifiers can increase crop yields by 20%-35% compared to the control group where the modifiers were not applied. Specifically, the plants grow stronger, the leaves are greener, the root system is more developed, and the fruits are fuller.

[0036] 4. Improve soil structure The aeration and water permeability of the soil are significantly improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention are significantly improved, and the soil becomes looser, which is conducive to the growth and development of the root system. The improved soil structure is closer to the ideal state, providing a good environment for crop growth.

[0037] 5. Enhanced microbial activity The number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil increased significantly, and the activity of microorganisms was enhanced, which promoted the decomposition of organic matter and the release of nutrients in the soil, further improving the fertility of the soil. The experimental results showed that after the application of the amendment, the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the soil increased by 1.5-2.0 times respectively.

[0038] Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are: the new improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land of the present invention has significant innovation and economic practicality. Through the composite formula and innovative process, the improver can effectively reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil, improve soil structure and fertility, and increase crop yields. Both liquid and solid improver forms can meet the needs of different application scenarios and provide an effective solution for the improvement of saline-alkali land. The experimental results show that the improver can achieve a long-term and stable improvement effect with a single application, reducing the cost of repeated application and having broad application prospects.

[0039] The present invention adopts a composite formula and combines physical, chemical and biological methods to achieve multi-dimensional soil improvement. The acidic properties of vinegar liquid are directly utilized without washing and drying treatment, so the effective ingredients in the vinegar liquid are retained and the resource utilization rate is improved. The introduction of hypersensitive protease significantly shortens the fermentation time, improves the fermentation efficiency, and enhances the biological activity of the improver. The raw materials are widely available and low in cost, the preparation process is simple, and it is easy to produce on a large scale. After application, the soil fertility can be significantly improved, the crop yield can be increased, and it has high economic benefits. A long-term and stable improvement effect can be achieved with one application, reducing the cost of repeated application. The present invention utilizes the vinegar dregs and vinegar liquid discarded by the vinegar factory, realizes the resource utilization of the "three wastes", and reduces pollution to the environment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example 1

[0040] 1. Recipe Modified vinegar grains: 40%, vinegar liquid: 15%, compound microbial agent: 15%, organic fertilizer: 15%, sulfur: 10%, phosphogypsum: 5%, hypersensitive protease: 1%.

[0041] 2. Preparation process (1) Raw material preparation: the modified vinegar grains, vinegar liquid, composite microbial agent, organic fertilizer, sulfur, phosphogypsum and ultrasensitive protease are mixed evenly according to the above proportions.

[0042] (2) Fermentation: The mixture was fermented at 35°C and 65% humidity for 5 days. After adding the ultrasensitive protease, the fermentation time was significantly shortened, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency.

[0043] (3) Even mixing: After fermentation is completed, the mixture is thoroughly mixed to ensure that the components are evenly distributed to obtain a solid improver with a water content of less than 40%.

[0044] 3. Application method (4) Liquid conditioner: dilute the squeezed vinegar liquid to a concentration of 1:15 and apply it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system, applying 150L per acre of land.

[0045] (5) Solid conditioner: Spread the conditioner with a moisture content of less than 40% evenly on the soil surface at a rate of 150 kg per mu of land, and then till the soil to allow the conditioner to be fully mixed with the soil.

[0046] 4. Effect (1) Changes in soil pH: The soil pH was 8.5 before application and dropped to 7.8 after application.

[0047] (2) Crop yield: The crop yield of the plots where the amendments were applied increased by 30% compared to the control group where no amendments were applied.

[0048] (3) Improvement of soil structure: The air permeability and water permeability of the soil are significantly improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention are significantly improved, and the soil becomes looser.

[0049] (4) Enhanced microbial activity: The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the soil increased by 1.8 times, respectively. Example 2

[0050] 1. Formulation (1) Modified vinegar grains: 50%, vinegar solution: 20%, compound microbial agent: 10%, organic fertilizer: 10%, sulfur: 5%, phosphogypsum: 5%, hypersensitive protease: 1%.

[0051] 2. Preparation process (2) Raw material preparation: uniformly mix the modified vinegar grains, vinegar liquid, composite microbial agent, organic fertilizer, sulfur, phosphogypsum and hypersensitive protease in the above proportions.

[0052] (3) Fermentation: The mixture was fermented at 30°C and 60% humidity for 6 days. After adding the ultrasensitive protease, the fermentation time was significantly shortened, and the fermentation efficiency was improved.

[0053] (4) Even mixing: After fermentation is completed, the mixture is thoroughly mixed to ensure that the components are evenly distributed to obtain a solid improver with a water content of less than 40%.

[0054] 3. Application method (1) Liquid improver: Dilute the squeezed vinegar liquid to a concentration of 1:20 and apply it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system, applying 200L per mu of land.

[0055] (2) Solid conditioner: Spread the conditioner with a moisture content below 40% evenly on the soil surface at a rate of 200 kg per mu of land, and then till the soil to allow the conditioner to fully mix with the soil.

[0056] 4. Effect (1) Changes in soil pH: The soil pH was 8.8 before application and dropped to 7.9 after application.

[0057] (2) Crop yield: The crop yield of the plots where the amendment was applied increased by 35% compared with the control group where no amendment was applied.

[0058] (3) Improvement of soil structure: The air permeability and water permeability of the soil are significantly improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention are significantly improved, and the soil becomes looser.

[0059] (4) Enhanced microbial activity: The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the soil increased by 2.0 times, respectively. Example 3

[0060] 1. Subsequent management Watering: After applying the amendment, keep the soil moist and avoid high temperatures and windy weather to promote the penetration and reaction of the amendment.

[0061] Monitoring: Regularly monitor soil pH and salt content. Based on the monitoring results, add amendments every 3 months to ensure that the soil pH remains stable between 7.0-8.0.

[0062] 2. Long-term effects After two consecutive growing seasons of observation, the soil pH value remained between 7.5-7.8, soil fertility was significantly improved, soil structure was stable, crop yields continued to increase, and the average yield increase rate reached more than 30%.

[0063] 3. Follow-up management Watering: After applying the amendment, keep the soil moist and avoid high temperatures and windy weather to promote the penetration and reaction of the amendment.

[0064] Monitoring: Regularly monitor soil pH and salt content. Based on the monitoring results, add amendments every 3 months to ensure that the soil pH remains stable between 7.0-8.0.

[0065] 4. Long-term effects After two consecutive growing seasons of observation, the soil pH value remained between 7.5-7.9, soil fertility was significantly improved, soil structure was stable, crop yields continued to increase, and the average yield increase rate reached more than 35%. Example 4

[0066] Sulfur, as a natural acidic mineral, is harmless to humans and animals and is not likely to be toxic to crops. It is an environmentally friendly improver.

[0067] Experimental location: a saline-alkali land experimental field on the coast of the Yellow Sea 1. The soil type is coastal saline-alkali land, the soil pH is 8.5, and the salt content is 0.5%-0.8%.

[0068] 1. Experimental Design The experiment was divided into a control group and an improved group, with 3 replicates in each group. The control group: no improver was applied, and only conventional fertilization and irrigation were performed. The improved group: the improver was applied according to the formula and method of the present invention.

[0069] 2. Experimental Procedure Application of liquid conditioner: dilute the squeezed vinegar to a concentration of 1:15, apply it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system, and apply 150L per mu of land. Application of solid conditioner: spread the conditioner with a water content of less than 40% evenly on the soil surface at a dosage of 150kg per mu of land, and then plow to fully mix the conditioner with the soil. Subsequent management: regularly monitor the soil pH and salt content, and apply additional application as needed.

[0070] 3. Experimental results Changes in soil pH: The pH value of the soil in the improved group dropped from 8.5 to 7.8, while there was no significant change in the pH value of the soil in the control group. Crop yield: The crop yield in the improved group increased by 30% compared with the control group, the plants grew stronger, the leaves were greener, the root system was more developed, and the fruits were fuller. Improved soil structure: The aeration and water permeability of the improved group soil were significantly improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention were significantly improved, and the soil became looser. Enhanced microbial activity: The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the improved group soil increased by 1.8 times, respectively. Example 5

[0071] Experimental location: a saline-alkali land experimental field on the coastal beach 2. Soil type: coastal saline-alkali land, soil pH value is 8.8, and salt content is 0.6%-0.9%.

[0072] 1. Experimental Design The experiment was divided into a control group and an improved group, with 3 replicates in each group. The control group: no improver was applied, and only conventional fertilization and irrigation were performed. The improved group: the improver was applied according to the formula and method of the present invention.

[0073] 2. Experimental Procedure Application of liquid conditioner: dilute the squeezed vinegar to a concentration of 1:20 and apply it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system, applying 200L per mu of land. Application of solid conditioner: spread the conditioner with a water content of less than 40% evenly on the soil surface at a dosage of 200kg per mu of land, then plow the land to fully mix the conditioner with the soil. Subsequent management: regularly monitor the soil pH and salt content, and apply additional application as needed.

[0074] 3. Experimental results Changes in soil pH: The pH value of the soil in the improved group dropped from 8.8 to 7.9, while there was no significant change in the pH value of the soil in the control group. Crop yield: The crop yield in the improved group increased by 35% compared with the control group, the plants grew stronger, the leaves were greener, the root system was more developed, and the fruits were fuller. Improved soil structure: The aeration and water permeability of the improved group soil were significantly improved, the water retention and fertilizer retention were significantly improved, and the soil became looser. Enhanced microbial activity: The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and potassium-solubilizing bacteria in the improved group soil increased by 2.0 times, respectively.

[0075] in conclusion The novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land of the present invention has remarkable innovation and economical practicality. Through the composite formula and innovative process, the improver can effectively reduce the pH value of saline-alkali soil, improve soil structure and fertility, and increase crop yield. Both liquid and solid improver forms can meet the needs of different application scenarios and provide an effective solution for the improvement of saline-alkali land. Experimental results show that the improver can achieve long-term and stable improvement effects with a single application, reducing the cost of repeated application and having broad application prospects.

Claims

1. A novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land, characterized in that: It is composed of the following raw materials in weight ratio: Modified vinegar lees: 30%-50%, vinegar solution: 10%-20%, composite microbial agent: 10%-20%, organic fertilizer: 10%-20%, natural acidic mineral sulfur: 5%-15%, phosphogypsum: 5%-15%, hypersensitive protease: 1%-5%. The preparation method of modified vinegar lees comprises the following steps: (1) Raw material preparation: Select appropriate waste vinegar grains and vinegar liquid from vinegar factories; (2) Pretreatment: removing impurities from the vinegar residue, but not washing or drying it to maintain its natural acid content; filtering the vinegar solution to remove suspended matter and impurities; (3) Acidification treatment: soaking the vinegar dregs and other raw materials in vinegar solution for 12-24 hours to introduce acidic functional groups on the surface of the vinegar dregs and increase the negative charge on the surface; (4) Mixing uniformly: The acidified vinegar residue is mixed uniformly with the vinegar solution, the composite microbial agent, the organic fertilizer, the sulfur, the phosphogypsum and the hypersensitive protease in the above proportions to obtain a solid improver with a water content of less than 40%.

2. A novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural acidic mineral is sulfur, and its weight ratio in the improver is 5%-15%.

3. The novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial agent includes phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and growth-promoting bacteria, which can decompose insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil, convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into a nitrogen source that can be absorbed by plants, promote plant growth, and improve plant stress resistance and disease resistance.

4. The novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphogypsum is pre-treated, including grinding and activation steps, to improve its solubility and reactivity in soil.

5. The novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method also includes a fermentation treatment step, wherein the mixture is fermented under specific temperature (30-40°C) and humidity (60%-70%) conditions for 5-7 days. After adding the ultrasensitive protease, the fermentation time is significantly shortened, thereby improving the fermentation efficiency.

6. The novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application method includes two forms: liquid improver and solid improver. The liquid improver is applied to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system, with 100-200L applied per mu of land; the solid improver is evenly spread on the soil surface at a dosage of 150-200kg per mu of land, and then plowed.

7. The novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amendment also includes follow-up management steps, including watering, insulation and monitoring soil pH and salt content, and making additional applications as needed to ensure the long-term stability of the amendment effect.

8. The method for preparing a novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) preparing raw materials according to the formula ratio of claim 1; (2) uniformly mixing the modified vinegar dregs, vinegar liquid, composite microbial agent, organic fertilizer, sulfur, phosphogypsum and ultrasensitive protease; (3) fermenting the mixture at 30-40° C. and 60%-70% humidity for 5-7 days; (4) After fermentation is completed, the mixture is thoroughly mixed to ensure that the components are evenly distributed to obtain a solid improver with a water content of less than 40%.

9. The application method of the novel improver for reducing the pH value of saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Application of liquid improver: dilute the squeezed vinegar liquid to a concentration of 1:10-1:20 and apply it to the soil through a water-fertilizer integrated system, applying 100-200L per acre of land; (2) Application of solid conditioner: Apply conditioner with a water content of less than 40% evenly on the soil surface at a rate of 150-200 kg per mu of land, and then till the soil to fully mix the conditioner with the soil; (3) Subsequent management: Regularly monitor soil pH and salt content, and apply additional fertilizers as needed to ensure the long-term stability of the improvement effect.