Uniform coaling method of top-charging coke oven

Abstract

The invention discloses a uniform coal charging method of a top-charging coke oven, the method adopts four coal charging devices to respectively supply materials to four coal charging holes of a carbonization chamber, each coal charging device comprises a coal bucket, a screw feeder and a guide sleeve which are connected in sequence, the lower end of the guide sleeve is connected with the coal charging hole, a laser level meter is mounted on the guide sleeve, and the laser level meter is connected with the coal bucket. The laser material level instrument is connected with the control system, and before coal charging, the initial value of the coal charging rotating speed and the initial value of the coal leveling rotating speed of each screw feeder and the conversion condition of the coal charging rotating speed and the coal leveling rotating speed are determined according to the material distribution range of each coal charging hole; and after the conversion condition of the coal charging rotating speed and the coal leveling rotating speed is met, operating at the coal leveling rotating speed and starting the coal leveling rod until the coal charging amount of the carbonization chamber meets the requirement. The rotating speed of the spiral feeder can be automatically adjusted according to the distribution range of different coal charging holes, the longitudinal coal distribution uniformity of the carbonization chamber can be improved, the furnace temperature uniformity is ensured, and the coal charging amount and the product quality of the carbonization chamber are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a uniform coal loading method for a top-loading coke oven, which can make the coal loaded into the coking chamber of the coke oven uniformly distributed along the longitudinal direction of the coking chamber, and belongs to the technical field of coking. Background Art

[0002] The top-loading coke oven is generally equipped with 4 coal loading holes on the top of each carbonization chamber. The coal loading car takes coal from the coal tower and loads it into the coal hopper. The coal is fed through the horizontal screw feeder at the bottom of the coal hopper. The coal passes through the guide sleeve and enters the carbonization chamber from the coal loading hole. At present, the coal loading operation procedure of the top-loading coke oven is simple and the degree of automation is low. The coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the four coal loading holes is the same as the flat coal speed and remains unchanged. The total number of coal loading circles of the screw feeder corresponding to each coal loading hole is set manually in advance (including the number of coal loading speed circles and the number of flat coal speed circles). After the coal loading is completed, the number of coal loading circles of the next carbonization chamber is adjusted according to the amount of residual coal brought out by the flat coal rod. This coal loading method cannot flexibly adjust the speed of the screw feeder according to the distribution space of different coal loading holes, resulting in different coal loading speeds in different coal loading holes, uneven pile peaks, and uneven distribution of coal in the entire carbonization chamber. In addition, different shifts or different operators in the same shift have different adjustment circles for each coal loading hole in the carbonization chamber, resulting in large differences in the amount of coal loaded in different coal loading holes. Some coal loading holes are overfilled with coal, and even the coal pile peak is too high to block the coal loading holes. Some coal loading holes are insufficiently loaded with coal, and the coal line is too low, which reduces the amount of coal loaded in the entire carbonization chamber, and seriously affects the uniformity of furnace temperature and reduces product quality. Therefore, it is very necessary to seek a coal loading method that can evenly distribute coal in the longitudinal direction of the carbonization chamber. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a uniform coal loading method for a top-loading coke oven in view of the drawbacks of the prior art, so as to improve the uniformity of the longitudinal distribution of coal in the carbonization chamber, ensure the uniformity of the furnace temperature, and improve the product quality.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for uniform coal loading of a top-loading coke oven, the method adopts four coal loading devices to respectively feed four coal loading holes of a carbonization chamber provided with a flat coal rod, each coal loading device comprises a coal hopper, a screw feeder and a guide sleeve connected in sequence, the lower end of the guide sleeve is connected to the coal loading hole, a laser level meter opposite to the coal material below the coal loading hole is installed on the guide sleeve, the signal output end of the laser level meter is connected to a control system, before coal loading, the initial value of the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed of each screw feeder and the conversion condition between the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed are determined according to the distribution range of each coal loading hole, when coal loading, the control system controls each screw feeder to run at the coal loading speed first, and then run at the flat coal speed and start the flat coal rod after the conversion condition between the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed is met, until the coal loading amount in the carbonization chamber reaches the requirement and each screw feeder stops feeding.

[0005] The specific method for uniformly charging coal in the top-charging coke oven is as follows: a. According to the distribution range of the four coal loading holes, the space below the flat coal rod in the carbonization chamber is divided into four simulated distribution areas by a vertical dividing plane, namely, a first simulated distribution area corresponding to the first coal loading hole, a second simulated distribution area corresponding to the second coal loading hole, a third simulated distribution area corresponding to the third coal loading hole, and a fourth simulated distribution area corresponding to the fourth coal loading hole; b. Use n i装煤 It indicates the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, and n is used i平煤 Indicates the coal speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, i=1,2,3,4, sets the coal loading speed n of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1装煤 The flat coal speed n of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1平煤 The initial values ​​of the coal loading speed and flat coal speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the other coal loading holes are calculated by calculation. The calculation formula is: n i装煤 =(S i / S (i-1) )×n i-1装煤 n i平煤 =(S i / S (i-1) )×n i-1平煤 Among them, S i is the bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, where i=2,3,4.

[0006] In the uniform coal loading method for the top-loading coke oven, the conversion conditions between the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed are as follows: The height of the lower surface of the flat coal rod relative to the bottom of the carbonization chamber is called the effective height of the carbonization chamber, and is expressed as h. 有效 Indicates the effective height of the carbonization chamber, expressed in h j It represents the real-time height of coal below the j-th coal loading hole measured by the laser level meter, j=1,2,3,4, when h j -h 有效 When h < 0, the control system controls the speed of the screw feeder corresponding to each coal loading hole to be the coal loading speed; when h j -h 有效 When ≥0, the control system controls the speed of the screw feeder corresponding to each coal loading hole to be the flat coal speed, and at the same time starts the flat coal rod to flatten the coal loaded into the carbonization chamber.

[0007] In the uniform coal loading method of the top-loading coke oven, when coal loading starts, the control system first controls the screw feeders corresponding to each coal loading hole to run at the initial value of the coal loading speed, and then in each control cycle of the control system, the coal loading speed of the screw feeders corresponding to each coal loading hole is adjusted in real time according to the difference between the measurement result of the laser level meter and the reference height of the coal. The specific adjustment method is as follows: Set any coal loading hole as the reference coal loading hole, and use the real-time height of the coal below the reference coal loading hole as the coal reference height h 参考 , use h j It represents the real-time height of coal below the j-th coal loading hole, expressed as n 参考 Indicates the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the reference coal loading hole. When |h j -h 参考 |>100mm, the jth coal loading hole corresponds to the coal loading speed of the screw feeder n j装煤 Recalculate according to the following formula: n j装煤 = n 参考 ×S j ×(h 有效 -h j ) / [S 参考 ×(h 有效 -h 参考 ) ] Among them, S j is the bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the j-th coal loading hole; S 参考 The bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the reference coal loading hole; When |h j -h 参考 |≤100mm, the control system controls the screw feeder corresponding to the j-th coal loading hole to feed at the original given speed.

[0008] The above-mentioned uniform coal loading method for the top-loading coke oven and the method for judging whether the coal loading amount in the carbonization chamber meets the requirements are as follows: Calculate the actual coal loading volume V of the carbonization chamber 实 : V 实 =(∑(n 1y ×t 1y )+∑(n 2y ×t 2y )+∑(n 3y ×t 3y )+∑(n 4y ×t 4y ))×V 螺旋 Among them, V 螺旋 The amount of coal fed per one revolution of the screw feeder; n 1y 、n2y 、n 3y 、n 4y The first coal loading hole, the second coal loading hole, the third coal loading hole, and the fourth coal loading hole correspond to the yth given speed of the screw feeder; t 1y ,t 2y ,t 3y ,t 4y are the duration of the yth given speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole, the second coal loading hole, the third coal loading hole and the fourth coal loading hole respectively; The volume below the flat coal rod in the carbonization chamber is called the effective volume V of the carbonization chamber. 有效 , when V 实 <V 有效 When V 实 ≥V 有效 When the coal loading amount in the carbonization chamber is judged to have reached the requirement, the screw feeder corresponding to each coal loading hole stops feeding.

[0009] In the above-mentioned uniform coal loading method for top-loading coke oven, the screw feeder adopts frequency conversion control.

[0010] The invention can automatically adjust the rotation speed of the spiral feeder according to the distribution range of different coal loading holes, which can not only improve the uniformity of the longitudinal coal distribution in the carbonization chamber, ensure the uniformity of the furnace temperature, increase the coal loading capacity and product quality in the carbonization chamber, but also reduce the labor intensity of operators and improve work efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the coal loading equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the carbonization chamber of the top-loaded coke oven.

[0013] The numbers in the figure are as follows: 1. The first coal loading hole, I. The first simulated distribution area, 2. The second coal loading hole, II. The second simulated distribution area, 3. The third coal loading hole, III. The third simulated distribution area, 4. The fourth coal loading hole, IV. The fourth simulated distribution area, 5. Carbonization chamber, 6. Coal hopper, 7. Screw feeder, 8. Guide sleeve, 9. Laser level meter, 10. Flat coal rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for uniformly loading coal into a top-loaded coke oven, which can make the coal uniformly distributed longitudinally in the carbonization chamber, increase the coal loading capacity of the carbonization chamber, reduce the labor intensity of the staff, and greatly improve work efficiency.

[0015] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the coal loading equipment adopted in the present invention includes a coal hopper 6, a screw feeder 7, a guide sleeve 8 and a laser level meter 9. When loading coal, the screw feeder 7 is used for feeding. The screw feeder 7 adopts frequency conversion control. The coal in the coal hopper 6 passes through the screw feeder 7 and the guide sleeve 8 and enters the coal loading hole at the top of the carbonization chamber 5. The guide sleeve 8 is provided with a laser level meter 9. The real-time material level corresponding to each coal loading hole is measured and displayed by the laser level meter 9, and the measurement result is fed back to the control system. The control system is controlled by PID parameters to calculate the required speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole. The control system controls the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole to feed according to the operating frequency corresponding to the required speed.

[0016] The carbonization chamber 5 is provided with a flat coal rod 10. The flat coal rod 10 can flatten the coal loaded into the carbonization chamber 5 through reciprocating motion driven by the transmission device (this is the prior art and will not be described here). The height of the lower surface of the flat coal rod 10 relative to the bottom surface of the carbonization chamber 5 is called the effective height of the carbonization chamber, and the lower volume of the flat coal rod in the carbonization chamber is called the effective volume of the carbonization chamber. According to the distribution range of the four coal loading holes, the lower space of the flat coal rod in the carbonization chamber is divided into four simulated distribution areas by a vertical dividing surface, which are the first simulated distribution area I corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1, the second simulated distribution area II corresponding to the second coal loading hole 2, the third simulated distribution area III corresponding to the third coal loading hole 3, and the fourth simulated distribution area IV corresponding to the fourth coal loading hole 4. Use V Ⅰ 、V Ⅱ 、V Ⅲ 、V Ⅳ They represent the effective volumes of the first simulated distribution area I, the second simulated distribution area II, the third simulated distribution area III and the fourth simulated distribution area IV respectively, and the effective volume of the carbonization chamber is: V 有效 =V Ⅰ +V Ⅱ +V Ⅲ +V Ⅳ Use n i装煤 It indicates the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, and n is used i平煤 Indicates the coal speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, i=1,2,3,4, sets the coal loading speed n of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1装煤 The flat coal speed n of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1平煤 The initial values ​​of the coal loading speed and flat coal speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the other coal loading holes are calculated by calculation. The calculation formula is: n i装煤 =(S i / S (i-1) )×ni-1装煤 (1) n i平煤 =(S i / S (i-1) )×n i-1平煤 (2) Among them, S i is the bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, where i=2,3,4.

[0017] The conversion conditions of the coal loading speed and flat coal speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole are calculated by the control system (PLC). The conversion basis is the difference between the measurement result of the laser level meter 9 and the effective height of the carbonization chamber, expressed as h 有效 Indicates the effective height of the carbonization chamber, expressed in h j It represents the real-time height of coal below the j-th coal loading hole measured by the laser level meter, j=1,2,3,4, when h j -h 有效 When h < 0, the control system controls the speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole to be the coal loading speed; when h j -h 有效 ≥0, the control system controls the speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole to be the coal leveling speed, and at the same time the control system controls the coal leveling rod 10 to start coal leveling.

[0018] When coal loading begins, the control system first controls the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole to run at the initial value of the coal loading speed, and then in each control cycle of the control system, the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to each coal loading hole is adjusted in real time according to the difference between the measurement result of the laser level meter 9 and the reference height of the coal. The specific adjustment method is as follows: Set any coal loading hole as the reference coal loading hole, and use the real-time height of the coal below the reference coal loading hole as the coal reference height h 参考 , use h j It represents the real-time height of coal below the j-th coal loading hole, expressed as n 参考 Indicates the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the reference coal loading hole. When |h j -h 参考 |>100mm, the jth coal loading hole corresponds to the coal loading speed of the screw feeder n j装煤 Recalculate according to the following formula: S j ×(h 有效 -h j )=n j装煤 ×t×V 螺旋 (3) n j装煤 = S j ×(h 有效 -h j) / (t×V 螺旋 ) (4) S j is the bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the j-th coal loading hole; V 螺旋 is the coal feeding amount of the screw feeder for one revolution; t is the speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the reference coal loading hole at n 参考 Coal height increases during feeding h 有效 -h 参考 The time required can be calculated by the following formula: S 参考 ×(h 有效 -h 参考 )=n 参考 ×t×V 螺旋 (5) t = S 参考 ×(h 有效 -h 参考 ) / (n 参考 ×V 螺旋 ) (6) Among them, S 参考 The bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the reference coal loading hole; Substituting formula (6) into formula (4) yields: n j装煤 = n 参考 ×S j ×(h 有效 -h j ) / [S 参考 ×(h 有效 -h 参考 ) ] (7) When |h j -h 参考 |≤100mm, the control system controls the screw feeder 7 corresponding to the j-th coal loading hole to feed at the original given speed.

[0019] The feeding stop condition of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole is automatically calculated by the control system (PLC), and the calculation basis is the actual coal loading volume V of the carbonization chamber. 实 The effective volume V of the carbonization chamber 有效 The difference between 实 <V 有效 When V 实 ≥V 有效 When , the feeding of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole stops, and the coal loading is completed. The calculation formula is: V 实 =(∑(n 1y×t 1y )+∑(n 2y ×t 2y )+∑(n 3y ×t 3y )+∑(n 4y ×t 4y ))×V 螺旋 (8) Among them, n 1y 、n 2y 、n 3y 、n 4y The first coal loading hole 1, the second coal loading hole 2, the third coal loading hole 3, and the fourth coal loading hole correspond to the yth given speed of the screw feeder; t 1y ,t 2y ,t 3y ,t 4y They are the durations of the yth given speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1, the second coal loading hole 2, the third coal loading hole 3 and the fourth coal loading hole respectively.

[0020] Taking a 7-meter top-loading coke oven as an example, the carbonization chamber parameters are as follows:

[0021] Example 1: Carbonization chamber effective volume V 有效 =V Ⅰ +V Ⅱ +V Ⅲ +V Ⅳ =15.25m³+15.70m³+16.15m³+16.60m³=63.7m³. Set the initial value of the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1 to n 1装煤 =0.600r / s, the initial value of the flat coal speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole is n 1平煤 =0.150r / s, and it is calculated that the initial values ​​of the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the second coal loading hole 2, the third coal loading hole 3 and the fourth coal loading hole 4 are: n 2装煤 =(S2 / S1)×n 1装煤 =0.620r / s; n 3装煤 =(S3 / S2)×n 2装煤 =0.640r / s; n 4装煤 =(S4 / S3)×n 3装煤 =0.660r / s, the initial values ​​of the flat coal speed are: n 2平煤 =(S2 / S1)×n 1平煤 =0.154r / s; n 3平煤 =(S3 / S2)×n 2平煤 =0.159r / s; n 4平煤 =(S4 / S3)×n3平煤 =0.163r / s.

[0022] Example 2: The effective height of the carbonization chamber is h 有效 =6670mm, the measured values ​​of the laser level meter 9 are h1=5800mm, h2=5750mm, h3=5850mm, h4=5700mm, and the control system automatically calculates that the rotation speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole is the coal loading speed.

[0023] Example 3: The effective height of the carbonization chamber is h 有效 =6670mm, the measured values ​​of the laser level meter 9 are h1=6780mm, h2=6750mm, h3=6680mm, h4=6700mm, and the control system automatically calculates that the rotation speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole is the flat coal rotation speed.

[0024] Example 4: When the speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to the coal loading hole is the coal loading speed, the real-time height of the coal corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1 is set as the coal reference height, that is, h 参考 =h1=2350mm, the laser level meter 9 measured values ​​are h2=2500mm, h3=2400mm, h4=2320mm, the control system automatically calculates the speeds of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to the second coal loading hole 2, the third coal loading hole 3 and the fourth coal loading hole 4 respectively: n 2装煤 =0.61r / s, n 3装煤 =0.64r / s, n 4装煤 =0.66r / s.

[0025] Example 5: When the speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to the coal loading hole is the coal loading speed, the real-time height of the coal corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1 is set as the coal reference height, that is, h 参考 =h1=4050mm, the laser level meter 9 measured values ​​are h2=4000mm, h3=3900mm, h4=4020mm, the control system automatically calculates the speeds of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to the second coal loading hole 2, the third coal loading hole 3 and the fourth coal loading hole 4 respectively: n 2装煤 =0.61r / s, n 3装煤 =0.67r / s, n 4装煤 =0.66r / s.

[0026] Example 6: When the speed of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to the coal loading hole is the coal loading speed, the real-time height of the coal corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1 is set as the coal reference height, that is, h 参考=h1=5200mm, the laser level meter 9 measured values ​​are h2=5280mm, h3=5100mm, h4=5130mm, the control system automatically calculates the speeds of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to the second coal loading hole 2, the third coal loading hole 3 and the fourth coal loading hole 4 respectively: n 2装煤 =0.61r / s, n 3装煤 =0.67r / s, n 4装煤 =0.66r / s.

[0027] Example 7: The effective volume of the carbonization chamber 5 is V 有效 ==63.7m³, V 实 =45.8m³, after automatic calculation by the control system, each coal loading hole corresponds to the screw feeder 7 to continue feeding and loading coal.

[0028] Example 8: The effective volume of the carbonization chamber 5 is V 有效 ==63.7m³, V 实 =62.5m³, after automatic calculation by the control system, each coal loading hole corresponds to the screw feeder 7 to continue feeding and loading coal.

[0029] Example 9: The effective volume of the carbonization chamber 5 is V 有效 ==63.7m³, V 实 =64m³, after automatic calculation by the control system, the feeding of the screw feeder 7 corresponding to each coal loading hole stops, and the coal loading is completed.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: A laser level meter is used to measure the real-time material level of each coal loading hole in the carbonization chamber. The control system controls the speed of the screw feeder corresponding to each coal loading hole in real time, so that the height of the coal corresponding to each coal loading hole in the carbonization chamber increases synchronously. The coal is evenly distributed in the longitudinal direction of the carbonization chamber, which increases the coal loading capacity of the carbonization chamber and avoids the excessive pile of coal under individual coal loading holes and blocks the coal loading holes.

[0031] 2. The operator does not need to manually adjust the number of coal loading circles of the spiral feeder corresponding to each coal loading hole, which avoids the difference in human operation, greatly improves work efficiency and reduces the labor intensity of operators.

Claims

1. A method for uniformly charging coal in a top-loading coke oven, characterized in that: The method adopts four coal loading devices to respectively feed four coal loading holes of a carbonization chamber (5) provided with a flat coal rod (10). Each coal loading device comprises a coal hopper (6), a screw feeder (7) and a guide sleeve (8) connected in sequence. The lower end of the guide sleeve (8) is connected to the coal loading hole. A laser level meter (9) is installed on the guide sleeve (8) and is opposite to the coal material below the coal loading hole. The signal output end of the laser level meter (9) is connected to a control system. Before coal loading, the initial values ​​of the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed of each screw feeder (7) and the conversion conditions between the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed are determined according to the distribution range of each coal loading hole. During coal loading, the control system controls each screw feeder (7) to first run at the coal loading speed, and then run at the flat coal speed and start the flat coal rod (10) after the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed conversion conditions are met, until the coal loading amount of the carbonization chamber (5) reaches the requirement and each screw feeder (7) stops feeding.

2. A method for uniformly charging coal in a top-charging coke oven according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method for determining the initial values ​​of the coal loading speed and the flat coal speed of each screw feeder (7) according to the distribution range of each coal loading hole is as follows: a. According to the distribution ranges of the four coal loading holes, the space below the flat coal rod in the carbonization chamber is divided into four simulated distribution areas by a vertical dividing plane, namely, a first simulated distribution area (I) corresponding to the first coal loading hole (1), a second simulated distribution area (II) corresponding to the second coal loading hole (2), a third simulated distribution area (III) corresponding to the third coal loading hole (3), and a fourth simulated distribution area (IV) corresponding to the fourth coal loading hole (4); b. Use n i装煤 It indicates the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, and n is used i平煤 Indicates the coal speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, i=1,2,3,4, sets the coal loading speed n of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1装煤 The flat coal speed n of the screw feeder corresponding to the first coal loading hole 1平煤 The initial values ​​of the coal loading speed and flat coal speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the other coal loading holes are calculated by calculation. The calculation formula is: n i装煤 =(S i / S (i-1) )×n i-1装煤 n i平煤 =(S i / S (i-1) )×n i-1平煤 Among them, S i is the bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the i-th coal loading hole, where i=2,3,4.

3. A method for uniformly charging coal in a top-charged coke oven according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The conversion conditions between the coal loading speed and the coal leveling speed are as follows: The height of the lower surface of the flat coal rod (10) relative to the bottom surface of the carbonization chamber (5) is called the effective height of the carbonization chamber, denoted by h. 有效 Indicates the effective height of the carbonization chamber, expressed in h j It represents the real-time height of coal below the j-th coal loading hole measured by the laser level meter, j=1,2,3,4, when h j -h 有效 When h < 0, the control system controls the speed of the screw feeder (7) corresponding to each coal loading hole to be the coal loading speed; when h j -h 有效 ≥0, the control system controls the rotation speed of the screw feeder (7) corresponding to each coal loading hole to be the flat coal rotation speed, and simultaneously starts the flat coal rod (10) to flatten the coal loaded into the carbonization chamber (5).

4. A method for uniformly charging coal in a top-charging coke oven according to claim 3, characterized in that: When coal loading begins, the control system first controls the screw feeders (7) corresponding to each coal loading hole to run at the initial value of the coal loading speed. Then, in each control cycle of the control system, the coal loading speed of the screw feeders corresponding to each coal loading hole is adjusted in real time according to the difference between the measurement result of the laser level meter (9) and the reference height of the coal. The specific adjustment method is as follows: Set any coal loading hole as the reference coal loading hole, and use the real-time height of the coal below the reference coal loading hole as the coal reference height h 参考 , use h j It represents the real-time height of coal below the j-th coal loading hole, expressed as n 参考 Indicates the coal loading speed of the screw feeder corresponding to the reference coal loading hole. When |h j -h 参考 |>100mm, the jth coal loading hole corresponds to the coal loading speed of the screw feeder n j装煤 Recalculate according to the following formula: n j装煤 = n 参考 ×S j ×(h 有效 -h j ) / [S 参考 ×(h 有效 -h 参考 )] Among them, S j is the bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the j-th coal loading hole; S 参考 The bottom area of ​​the simulated distribution area corresponding to the reference coal loading hole; When |h j -h 参考 |≤100mm, the control system controls the screw feeder (7) corresponding to the j-th coal loading hole to feed at the original given speed.

5. A method for uniformly charging coal in a top-charged coke oven according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method for judging whether the coal loading amount in the carbonization chamber (5) meets the requirement is as follows: Calculate the actual coal loading volume V of the carbonization chamber 实 : V 实 =(∑(n 1y ×t 1y )+∑(n 2y ×t 2y )+∑(n 3y ×t 3y )+∑(n 4y ×t 4y ))×V 螺旋 Among them, V 螺旋 The amount of coal fed per one revolution of the screw feeder; n 1y 、n 2y 、n 3y 、n 4y The first coal loading hole (1), the second coal loading hole (2), the third coal loading hole (3), and the fourth coal loading hole correspond to the yth given speed of the screw feeder; t 1y ,t 2y ,t 3y ,t 4y The durations of the first coal loading hole (1), the second coal loading hole (2), the third coal loading hole (3), and the fourth coal loading hole corresponding to the yth given speed of the screw feeder; The volume below the flat coal rod in the carbonization chamber is called the effective volume V of the carbonization chamber. 有效 , when V 实 <V 有效 When V 实 ≥V 有效 When the coal loading amount in the carbonization chamber (5) reaches the requirement, the screw feeder (7) corresponding to each coal loading hole stops feeding.

6. A method for uniformly charging coal in a top-charging coke oven according to claim 5, characterized in that: The screw feeder (7) is controlled by frequency conversion.

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