Detection system and detection method for nucleic acid of pathogenic microorganisms

Abstract

The invention provides a pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system and method, and the detection system comprises an aerosol collection mechanism, a reagent conveying mechanism, a sample enrichment mechanism, a pipetting and tray changing mechanism, and a tray storage mechanism. All the mechanisms are matched with one another, so that sample collection, sample and reagent conveying, sample enrichment, sample pretreatment, microfluidic disc replacement and detection work of the microbial aerosol can be realized. Manual intervention is not needed in the detection process, and detection efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of detection equipment, and in particular relates to a pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system and a detection method. Background Art

[0002] Pathogenic microorganisms in the air mainly exist in the form of aerosols, which is one of the main transmission channels for respiratory infectious diseases. Various infectious diseases have been confirmed to be transmitted in the form of aerosols, seriously affecting human health. Therefore, microbial aerosol detection and monitoring have become the focus of disease control departments. At the same time, the demand for microbial aerosol detection in key places such as hospitals and schools is also increasing.

[0003] The high-throughput microfluidic analysis device is an experimental device based on microfluidic technology. It has the advantages of high efficiency, precision, miniaturization and reagent saving. It can process a large number of samples at the same time and can be used for the detection of microbial aerosols. However, when the high-throughput microfluidic analysis device is used for the detection of pathogenic microorganisms, it is first necessary to manually collect pathogenic microorganisms in the air, and then gradually perform pre-treatment work such as sample transfer, sample enrichment, and nucleic acid extraction. A nucleic acid extractor can also be used for sample pre-treatment. After that, a high-throughput microfluidic analysis device is used for detection. After a set of tests is completed, the chip needs to be manually replaced. The operation is cumbersome and the analysis results are easily affected by human factors. The test personnel must wear heavy protective equipment when operating, and the risk of infection is high when conducting highly contagious viral nucleic acid tests. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the technical problem that sampling and sample pretreatment processes in the process of microbial aerosol detection and monitoring rely on manual operation and are inefficient, the present invention proposes a pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system including an aerosol collection mechanism, a reagent delivery mechanism and a sample enrichment mechanism, which can automatically sample and deliver reagents and efficiently enrich samples.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system includes an aerosol collection mechanism, a reagent delivery mechanism, a sample enrichment mechanism, a liquid transfer and plate exchange mechanism, and a plate storage mechanism;

[0007] The aerosol collection mechanism includes a sampling pump and a cyclone sampler;

[0008] The reagent delivery mechanism includes a plurality of peristaltic pumps, a plurality of reagent barrels and a waste liquid barrel, and the plurality of reagent barrels are respectively connected to the sampling port of the cyclone sampler via the peristaltic pumps and pipelines;

[0009] The sample enrichment mechanism comprises an enrichment tube, which comprises a liquid inlet, a supernatant transfer port and a waste liquid transfer port, the liquid inlet is connected to the sample outlet of the cyclone sampler via a pinch valve and a peristaltic pump, the supernatant transfer port and the waste liquid transfer port are connected to the waste liquid bucket via a pinch valve and a peristaltic pump, and a magnet that can move up and down is arranged at the lower end of the enrichment tube;

[0010] The liquid transfer and plate changing mechanism comprises a liquid transfer assembly and a plate changing assembly, wherein the liquid transfer assembly comprises a liquid transfer gun and an XYZ three-axis module, wherein the XYZ three-axis module comprises an X-axis linear module, wherein the X-axis linear module comprises a first slider and a second slider, and the XYZ three-axis module drives the liquid transfer gun to move along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction; the plate changing assembly comprises a clamping jaw and a plate changing Z-axis linear module, wherein the plate changing Z-axis linear module is mounted on the second slider, and the clamping jaw is mounted on the plate changing Z-axis linear module;

[0011] The disk storage mechanism comprises a mounting seat bottom plate which can move forward and backward, and a new disk mounting seat and a waste disk mounting seat are mounted on the mounting seat bottom plate.

[0012] Preferably, a flow controller and a flow stabilizer are provided between the sampling pump and the cyclone sampler.

[0013] Preferably, a liquid level switch is provided at the lower portion of the cyclone sampler.

[0014] Preferably, the sample enrichment mechanism includes an enrichment fixing seat bottom plate and a magnet fixing seat, a vertical plate is arranged on the enrichment fixing seat bottom plate, a magnet fixing seat slide rail is arranged on the vertical plate, the magnet fixing seat is slidably mounted on the magnet fixing seat slide rail and driven to move by a driving mechanism, and the magnet is installed in the magnet fixing seat.

[0015] Preferably, the magnet fixing seat is driven to move by a push rod motor, a stroke adjustment block with an adjustable installation position is provided on the upper portion of the magnet fixing seat slide rail, and the push rod motor is installed on the stroke adjustment block.

[0016] Preferably, a microfluidic detector is also included, and the microfluidic detector includes a microfluidic disk and a fluorescence detection module.

[0017] Preferably, the pipetting assembly further comprises a film stamping machine, which comprises a film stamping cone and a driving device for driving the film stamping cone to move up and down, and the driving device is mounted on the first sliding block.

[0018] Preferably, the new disk mounting seat comprises a microfluidic disk positioning column and a lifting tray mounted on the microfluidic disk positioning column.

[0019] Preferably, the disk storage mechanism further comprises a guide rail base plate, on which a guide rail is arranged, and the mounting seat base plate is slidably mounted on the guide rail and driven by a driving device to realize movement in the Y-axis direction.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for detecting nucleic acid of pathogenic microorganisms, comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) The number of fluorescent particles of microbial aerosol in the environment is monitored by the bioaerosol monitoring module. When the number of fluorescent particles accumulated within a period exceeds the set fluorescent particle threshold data, the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system starts to operate;

[0022] (2) The microfluidic detector of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system opens the upper cover, the disk changing assembly and the disk storage mechanism cooperate to replace the new microfluidic disk, and then closes the upper cover; the pipetting assembly replaces the new pipette gun;

[0023] (3) The reagent delivery mechanism adds buffer and magnetic beads into the sampling cup, after which the sampling pump starts sampling;

[0024] (4) After sampling, the sample liquid is transported to the enrichment mechanism, a portion of the enriched sample is stored in a sample bottle, and the other portion is transferred to a lysozyme cup for mixing and reaction. After the reaction, the sample liquid is added to the microfluidic detector by the pipetting component for centrifugation and detection;

[0025] (5) After the test is completed, the reagent delivery mechanism adds disinfectant to the sampling cup and pipeline for disinfection, and then uses sterile water to clean it.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. The aerosol collection mechanism of the present invention can perform stable and efficient sampling, effectively solving the problems of low air aerosol collection efficiency and limited sampling flow.

[0028] 2. The present invention is provided with a reagent delivery mechanism and an enrichment mechanism, through which reagent delivery mechanism can be used to automatically add reagents, deliver samples and enrich waste liquid during sampling. The enrichment mechanism can automatically achieve microbial enrichment and improve detection efficiency and accuracy.

[0029] 3. The present invention is provided with a pipetting and disc changing mechanism and a disc storing mechanism, which include a pipetting assembly and a disc changing assembly of the pipetting and disc changing mechanism, and adopts a linear module to control the free movement of the pipette gun, the membrane poking machine and the clamping claws. The structure is compact and reliable, and the extraction of microbial DNA and automatic replacement of microfluidic discs are realized, which is efficient and stable.

[0030] 4. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention can realize automatic sampling, sample enrichment, microbial DNA extraction and detection of pathogenic microorganisms without manual intervention and has high detection efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a front view of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of a cyclone sampling tube of a pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample enrichment mechanism of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid transfer and plate exchange mechanism of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the storage mechanism structure of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 8 This is an electrical control relationship diagram of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention;

[0039] In the above figures: 1. aerosol collection mechanism; 11. sampling pump; 12. cyclone sampler; 121. upper cover; 122. sampling cup; 123. air inlet; 124. air outlet; 125. injection port; 126. liquid level switch; 127. liquid discharge port; 13. flow controller; 14. flow stabilizer; 2. reagent delivery mechanism; 21. magnetic bead bucket; 22. buffer bucket; 23. sterile water bucket; 24. disinfectant bucket; 25. waste liquid bucket; 26. first pinch valve; 27. Second pinch valve; 28. Third pinch valve; 29. ​​Peristaltic pump; 291. First peristaltic pump; 292. Second peristaltic pump; 293. Third peristaltic pump; 294. Fourth peristaltic pump; 295. Fifth peristaltic pump; 296. Sixth peristaltic pump; 3. Sample enrichment mechanism; 31. Enrichment tube; 311. Liquid inlet; 312. Supernatant transfer port; 313. Waste liquid transfer port; 32. Enrichment fixing seat bottom plate; 33. Magnet fixing seat; 34. Vertical plate; 35. Magnet Iron fixed seat slide rail; 36, stroke adjustment block; 37, annular magnet; 4, liquid transfer plate changing mechanism; 41, liquid transfer assembly; 411, liquid transfer gun; 412, XYZ three-axis module; 4121, X-axis linear module; 4122, Y-axis linear module; 4123, Z-axis linear module; 4124, first slider; 4125, second slider; 413, film stamping machine; 4131, film stamping cone; 42, plate changing assembly; 421, clamping claw; 422, plate changing Z-axis linear module group; 5. disk storage mechanism; 51. mounting base plate; 52. guide rail base plate; 53. guide rail; 54. U-shaped photoelectric switch; 55. new disk mounting base; 551. microfluidic disk positioning column; 552. lifting tray; 56. waste disk mounting base; 561. waste disk positioning column; 562. waste disk tray; 57. tray Z-axis linear module; 58. shooting switch; 6. push rod motor; 7. test tube fixing rack; 8. microfluidic detector; 81. microfluidic disk; 9. waste liquid gun collection box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to better understand the present invention, a detailed description is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] In order to better understand the present invention, a detailed description is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] like Figure 1-Figure 3 , Figure 8 As shown, a pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system includes an aerosol collection mechanism 1, a reagent delivery mechanism 2, a sample enrichment mechanism 3, a liquid transfer and plate exchange mechanism 4, a disk storage mechanism 5 and a controller. The above mechanisms cooperate with each other to realize sample collection of microbial aerosols, sample and reagent delivery, sample enrichment, sample pretreatment, microfluidic disk 81 replacement and detection.

[0045] The aerosol collection mechanism 1 includes a sampling pump 11 and a cyclone sampler 12. The sampling pump 11 is connected to the cyclone sampler 12 via a flow controller 13 and a flow stabilizer 14. The sampling pump 11 and the flow controller 13 are both electrically connected to the controller. The sampling pump 11 serves as a power source to provide suction power for sampling, and cooperates with the flow controller 13 and the flow stabilizer 14 to provide a stable and adjustable flow rate for the system. Figure 4 As shown, the cyclone sampler 12 includes an upper cover 121 and a sampling cup 122 connected to the upper cover 121. The upper cover 121 component is made of stainless steel, and the sampling cup 122 is made of borosilicate glass. The upper cover 121 is provided with an air inlet 123, an air outlet 124 and a sample inlet 125, wherein the air inlet 123 is located in the tangential direction of the upper cover 121, which is conducive to the formation of a vortex in the air flow in the upper cover 121. A liquid level switch 126 electrically connected to the controller is provided at the lower part of the sampling cup 122, and a liquid discharge port 127 is provided at the lower end of the sampling cup 122. After the sampling pump 11 is turned on, air enters from the air inlet 123, forms a vortex in the sampling cup 122, and the air rotates. Under the action of inertial centrifugal force, the microbial particles move toward the inner wall of the sampling cup 122 and combine with the sampling liquid in the sampling cup 122 to complete the sampling.

[0046] The reagent delivery mechanism 2 includes a plurality of reagent barrels and a waste liquid barrel 25. The number and type of the reagent barrels can be set according to the detection requirements. In this embodiment, there are four reagent barrels, namely a magnetic bead barrel 21, a buffer barrel 22, a sterile water barrel 23 and a disinfectant barrel 24. The four reagent barrels are connected to the sampling port 125 of the cyclone sampler 12 through the first to fourth peristaltic pumps and pipelines.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, the sample enrichment mechanism 3 includes an enrichment tube 31, an enrichment fixing seat bottom plate 32 and a magnet fixing seat 33. A vertical plate 34 is provided on the enrichment fixing seat bottom plate 32, and the enrichment tube 31 is fixed on the vertical plate 34. A magnet fixing seat slide rail 35 is also provided on the vertical plate 34, and the magnet fixing seat 33 is slidably mounted on the magnet fixing seat slide rail 35 and driven by a driving mechanism to move up and down along the slide rail. The driving device can be set to various types, such as a main line module, a cam and a push rod motor 6, etc., and the push rod motor 6 is used in this embodiment. A stroke adjustment block 36 with an adjustable installation position is provided on the upper part of the magnet fixing seat slide rail 35, and the push rod motor 6 is installed on the stroke adjustment block 36. The magnet is installed on the magnet fixing seat 33 and is provided with an annular hole, and an annular magnet 37 is fixed in the annular hole. By adjusting the installation height of the stroke adjustment block 36, the distance of the magnet relative to the enrichment tube 31 can be adjusted.

[0048] The enrichment tube 31 includes a liquid inlet 311, a supernatant transfer port 312 and a waste liquid transfer port 313. The liquid inlet 311 is connected to the sample outlet of the cyclone sampler 12 via the first pinch valve 26 and the sixth peristaltic pump 296. The supernatant transfer port 312 is connected to the second pinch valve 27, and the waste liquid transfer port 313 is connected to the third pinch valve 28. The second pinch valve 27 and the third pinch valve 28 are both connected to the waste liquid bucket 25 by the fifth peristaltic pump 295. After the sampling is completed, the first pinch valve 26 and the sixth peristaltic pump 296 are started to transfer the sample in the sampling cup 122 to the enrichment tube 31. After the sample is transferred, the magnet of the sample enrichment mechanism 3 moves upward and reaches the bottom of the enrichment tube 31, so that the biological particles adsorbed on the magnetic beads quickly settle downward under the action of the magnet, and the biological particles fall to the lower end of the enrichment tube 31. After most of the magnetic beads have been precipitated, the third pinch valve 28 and the fifth peristaltic pump 295 are started to transfer the supernatant in the enrichment tube 31 to the waste liquid bucket 25 to complete the concentration of the biological particles.

[0049] like Figure 6 As shown, the pipetting and plate changing mechanism 4 includes a pipetting component 41 and a plate changing component 42, the pipetting component 41 includes a pipetting gun 411 and an XYZ three-axis module 412, the XYZ three-axis module 412 includes an X-axis linear module 4121, a Y-axis linear module 4122 and a Z-axis linear module 4123, the X-axis linear module 4121 includes a stepping motor and a screw, a first slider 4124 and a second slider 4125 are installed on the screw, the Y-axis linear module 4122 is connected to the first slider 4124, the Z-axis linear module 4123 is connected to the slider of the Y-axis linear module 4122, the pipetting gun 411 is installed on the slider of the Z-axis linear module 4123, and the XYZ three-axis module 412 drives the pipetting gun 411 to move along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction under the control of the controller, so as to realize the functions of replacing the pipette gun 411 tip and transferring samples.

[0050] The tip of the pipette 411, the sample bottle and the reagent tubes (including protease, lysozyme and sterile water) used for microbial DNA extraction are all pre-stored in the test tube holder 7, wherein the reagent holes or the surfaces of the reagent bottles containing the reagents are all encapsulated with sealing layers, so the sealing layers need to be destroyed before use. The pipetting assembly 41 also includes a film stamping machine 413, which includes a film stamping cone 4131 and a driving device for driving the film stamping cone 4131 to move up and down, and the driving device is installed on the first slider 4124 of the X-axis linear module 4121. The driving device can be set to various types, such as a main line module, a cam and a push rod motor 6, etc. The push rod motor 6 is used in this embodiment.

[0051] After the sample enrichment is completed, the pipette cavity is moved to the waste liquid gun collection box 9 position under the drive of the XYZ three-axis module 412, and the used pipette 411 gun head is withdrawn into the waste gun head collection box, and then moved to the new gun head position in the test tube holder 7 to insert the new gun head. The pipette 411 moves to the enrichment tube 31 position, extracts 1ml of sample, and injects it into the sample bottle for data traceability. The pipette 411 moves to the enrichment tube 31 position and extracts 1ml of sample again, moves to the 1 group of lysozyme position, injects 1ml of sample into the test tube, and continuously injects and extracts multiple times to fully mix the lysozyme in the test tube with the sample, and lysozyme is used to lyse the microbial cell wall. Then 1ml of lysate is extracted, moved to the protease position, injected into the protease test tube, and the microbial protein is lysed to complete the sample pretreatment.

[0052] After that, the sample needs to be tested by a microfluidic detector 8. The microfluidic detector 8 can adopt existing products. The microfluidic detector 8 includes a microfluidic disk 81 and a fluorescence detection module. In order to realize the automatic replacement of the microfluidic disk 81, a disk changing assembly 42 and a disk storage mechanism 5 are set. The disk changing assembly 42 includes a clamping jaw 421 and a disk changing Z-axis linear module 422. The disk changing Z-axis linear module 422 is installed on the second slider 4125 through a horizontal axis, and the clamping jaw 421 is installed on the disk changing Z-axis linear module 422. In this embodiment, the clamping jaw 421 adopts a three-finger electrocardiographic clamp, which is suitable for grabbing a circular microfluidic disk 81. The clamping jaw 421 realizes movement in the left and right directions and the up and down directions through the X-axis linear module 4121 and the disk changing Z-axis linear module 422.

[0053] like Figure 7As shown, the disk storage mechanism 5 includes a mounting base plate 51 and a guide rail base plate 52, a guide rail 53 is arranged on the guide rail base plate 52, and the mounting base plate 51 is slidably mounted on the guide rail 53 and driven by a driving device to realize Y-axis direction movement. The driving device can be set to various types, such as a main line module, a cam and a push rod motor 6, etc. In this embodiment, a push rod motor 6 is used, and a U-shaped photoelectric switch 54 is arranged on the guide rail base plate 52 and the mounting base base plate 51 to realize the mobile position control. A new disk mounting seat 55 and a waste disk mounting seat 56 arranged along the Y-axis direction are arranged on the mounting base base plate 51, and a tray Z-axis linear module 57 is arranged on one side of the new disk mounting seat 55. A waste disk positioning column 561 and a waste disk tray 562 are arranged on the waste disk mounting seat 56. The new disk mounting seat 55 includes a microfluidic disk positioning column 551 and a lifting tray 552 sleeved on the microfluidic disk positioning column 551. The lifting tray 552 is connected to the slider of the tray Z-axis linear module 57, so as to realize the lifting and lowering of the lifting tray 552. A shooting switch 58 for detecting the top-layer microfluidic disk 81 on the new disk mounting seat 55 is also installed on the bottom plate of the disk changing mechanism. The shooting switch 58 is electrically connected to the controller of the tray Z-axis linear module 57. Through the shooting switch 58 and the tray Z-axis linear module 57, the top-layer microfluidic disk 81 on the new disk mounting seat 55 is located in the preset position, which is convenient for grabbing and replacement.

[0054] The clamp 421, driven by the X-axis linear module 4121 and the disc changing Z-axis linear module 422, grabs a new microfluidic disc 81 and places it in the microfluidic detector 8. After the test is completed, the waste disc mounting seat 56 of the disc storage mechanism 5 moves to the specified position, the clamp 421 grabs the waste disc after the test and moves it to the fixed disc changing position, the three-finger centering electric clamp 421 is released, and the waste disc is placed on the waste disc mounting seat 56. The new disc mounting seat 55 moves to the disc changing position, and the clamp 421 grabs the new disc to the microfluidic analyzer for the next round of testing.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] A method for detecting nucleic acid of pathogenic microorganisms comprises the following steps:

[0057] (1) The number of fluorescent particles of microbial aerosol in the environment is monitored by the bioaerosol monitoring module. When the number of fluorescent particles accumulated within a period exceeds the set fluorescent particle threshold data, the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system starts to operate;

[0058] (2) The microfluidic detector of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system opens the upper cover, the disk changing assembly and the disk storage mechanism cooperate to replace the new microfluidic disk, and then closes the upper cover; the pipetting assembly replaces the new pipette gun;

[0059] (3) The reagent delivery mechanism adds buffer and magnetic beads into the sampling cup, after which the sampling pump starts sampling;

[0060] (4) After sampling, the sample liquid is transported to the enrichment mechanism, a portion of the enriched sample is stored in a sample bottle, and the other portion is transferred to a lysozyme cup for mixing and reaction. After the reaction, the sample liquid is added to the microfluidic detector by the pipetting component for centrifugation and detection;

[0061] (5) After the test is completed, the reagent delivery mechanism adds disinfectant to the sampling cup and pipeline for disinfection, and then uses sterile water to clean it.

[0062] The aerosol collection mechanism of the present invention can perform stable and efficient sampling, and effectively solves the problems of low air aerosol collection efficiency and limited sampling flow rate.

[0063] The present invention is provided with a reagent delivery mechanism and an enrichment mechanism, through which reagent delivery mechanism can be used to automatically add reagents, deliver samples and enrich waste liquid during sampling. The enrichment mechanism can automatically achieve microbial enrichment and improve detection efficiency and detection accuracy.

[0064] The present invention is provided with a liquid transfer and disk exchange mechanism and a disk storage mechanism, which include a liquid transfer assembly of the liquid transfer and disk exchange mechanism and a disk exchange assembly. A linear module is used to control the free movement of a liquid transfer gun, a membrane poking machine and a clamping claw. The structure is compact and reliable, and microbial DNA extraction and automatic replacement of microfluidic disks are realized with high efficiency and stability.

[0065] The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system of the present invention can realize automatic sampling, sample enrichment, microbial DNA extraction and detection of pathogenic microorganisms in combination with the detectable method, without the need for human intervention and with high detection efficiency.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the technical content disclosed above to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes and apply it to other fields. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system, characterized in that: It includes an aerosol collection mechanism, a reagent delivery mechanism, a sample enrichment mechanism, a liquid transfer and plate exchange mechanism, and a plate storage mechanism; The aerosol collection mechanism includes a sampling pump and a cyclone sampler; The reagent delivery mechanism includes a plurality of peristaltic pumps, a plurality of reagent barrels and a waste liquid barrel, and the plurality of reagent barrels are respectively connected to the sampling port of the cyclone sampler via the peristaltic pumps and pipelines; The sample enrichment mechanism comprises an enrichment tube, which comprises a liquid inlet, a supernatant transfer port and a waste liquid transfer port, the liquid inlet is connected to the sample outlet of the cyclone sampler via a pinch valve and a peristaltic pump, the supernatant transfer port and the waste liquid transfer port are connected to the waste liquid bucket via a pinch valve and a peristaltic pump, and a magnet that can move up and down is arranged at the lower end of the enrichment tube; The pipetting and plate changing mechanism comprises a pipetting assembly and a plate changing assembly, wherein the pipetting assembly comprises a pipetting gun and an XYZ three-axis module, wherein the XYZ three-axis module comprises an X-axis linear module, wherein the X-axis linear module comprises a first slider and a second slider, and the XYZ three-axis module drives the pipetting gun to move along the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction; the plate changing assembly comprises a clamping jaw and a plate changing Z-axis linear module, wherein the plate changing Z-axis linear module is mounted on the second slider, and the clamping jaw is mounted on the plate changing Z-axis linear module; The disk storage mechanism comprises a mounting seat bottom plate which can move forward and backward, and a new disk mounting seat and a waste disk mounting seat are mounted on the mounting seat bottom plate.

2. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow controller and a flow stabilizer are arranged between the sampling pump and the cyclone sampler.

3. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid level switch is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone sampler.

4. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample enrichment mechanism comprises an enrichment fixing seat bottom plate and a magnet fixing seat. The enrichment fixing seat bottom plate is provided with a vertical plate, and a magnet fixing seat slide rail is provided on the vertical plate. The magnet fixing seat is slidably mounted on the magnet fixing seat slide rail and driven to move by a driving mechanism. The magnet is mounted on the magnet fixing seat.

5. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The magnet fixing seat is driven to move by a push rod motor, a stroke adjustment block with adjustable installation position is arranged on the upper part of the slide rail of the magnet fixing seat, and the push rod motor is installed on the stroke adjustment block.

6. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a microfluidic detector, which includes a microfluidic disk and a fluorescence detection module.

7. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid transfer assembly further comprises a film stamping machine, which comprises a film stamping cone and a driving device for driving the film stamping cone to move up and down, and the driving device is mounted on the first sliding block.

8. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The new disk mounting seat comprises a microfluidic disk positioning column and a lifting tray sleeved on the microfluidic disk positioning column.

9. The pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disk storage mechanism also includes a guide rail base plate, on which a guide rail is arranged, and the mounting seat base plate is slidably mounted on the guide rail and driven by a driving device to realize movement in the Y-axis direction.

10. A method for detecting nucleic acid of pathogenic microorganisms, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) The number of fluorescent particles of microbial aerosol in the environment is monitored by the bioaerosol monitoring module. When the number of fluorescent particles accumulated within a period exceeds the set fluorescent particle threshold data, the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system starts to operate; (2) The microfluidic detector of the pathogenic microorganism nucleic acid detection system opens the upper cover, the disk changing assembly and the disk storage mechanism cooperate to replace the new microfluidic disk, and then closes the upper cover; the pipetting assembly replaces the new pipette gun; (3) The reagent delivery mechanism adds buffer and magnetic beads into the cyclone sampler, after which the sampling pump starts sampling; (4) After sampling, the sample liquid is transported to the enrichment mechanism, a portion of the enriched sample is stored in a sample bottle, and the other portion is transferred to a lysozyme cup for mixing and reaction. After the reaction, the sample liquid is added to the microfluidic detector by the pipetting component for centrifugation and detection; (5) After the test is completed, the reagent delivery mechanism adds disinfectant to the cyclone sampler and pipeline for disinfection, and then uses sterile water to clean it.

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