Multi-heat-source cooperative work laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device and control system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-heat-source cooperative work laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device and a control system and method. The device comprises a spray head bottom plate, a laser cladding spray head mounted on the spray head bottom plate, electric arc heating devices arranged on the outer side of a spray nozzle of the laser cladding spray head and coaxial with the spray nozzle and a base plate located below the spray nozzle and the electric arc heating devices, and the electric arc heating devices are distributed on the outer side of the spray nozzle in a point or line mode. And the laser cladding nozzle comprises a laser emitter. Heat is superposed in a manner of cladding arc by light, cladding a cladding material by the arc or cladding the light and the cladding material by the arc, so that an arc heating device and a laser beam heat source act at the same time, the powder beam or wire melting efficiency is improved, the powder utilization rate is increased, the surface roughness is reduced, more powder beams and wires can flow in per unit time, and the welding quality is improved. And the printing cost is low, the quality is good, the efficiency is high, a laser with extremely high power does not need to be purchased, and the investment cost of equipment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, and in particular to a multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device and a control system and method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of metal additive manufacturing, the effective supply and rational use of nozzle heat sources have always been the core elements to ensure manufacturing quality and efficiency. At present, the nozzle heat sources of most metal additive devices on the market mainly come from lasers. As a heat source, lasers have the advantages of concentrated energy and good controllability, which to a certain extent meet the needs of some metal additive manufacturing. However, the existing technology still has the following problems: Energy supply and efficiency issues: When using large-diameter powder beams or large-diameter wires for laser cladding, the amount of powder or wire flowing into the molten pool per unit time increases significantly, and the energy input by the laser beam into the molten pool cannot fully melt these materials, resulting in low efficiency; in order to achieve full melting and improve efficiency, it is necessary to purchase extremely high-power lasers, which invisibly increases the cost of laser cladding equipment. In addition, after searching, it was found that some existing patents also have problems, as follows: Patent authorization publication number CN111378966A is a method for manufacturing bimetallic oil sleeves by ultra-high-speed laser cladding. This patent uses central Gaussian light to melt the annular powder flow surrounding it. Due to the powder flow emission effect, only part of the powder can be melted by the central Gaussian light to form a cladding layer. Most of the remaining powder, part of it adheres to the surface of the cladding layer due to insufficient beam irradiation energy, and the other part directly leaves the temperature zone under the action of the airflow and substrate reaction force to become waste powder, resulting in extremely low powder utilization. Moreover, due to the characteristics of high energy in the center of Gaussian light and low energy at both ends, the powder in the area surrounding the spot cannot be fully metallurgically bonded with the substrate or layer, which is prone to produce pores and reduce mechanical properties.

[0003] Patent authorization publication number CN112159978A discloses a center-feed powder cladding head that can be preheated and tempered. The patent uses up to 8 lenses to achieve a single beam. The large number of lens groups not only reduces the effective utilization rate of laser energy, but also increases costs. At the same time, the powder channel is blocked by direct irradiation of the light beam, further reducing the effective utilization rate of the light beam and increasing energy consumption. In addition, the patent neither discloses a method to ensure powder utilization, nor solves the problem of unmelted powder adhering to the surface of the cladding layer, affecting the surface roughness.

[0004] Patent authorization publication number N108453261A is a laser additive manufacturing device with preheating and slow cooling functions. The patent arranges the powder flow outside the central solid spot and the annular spot, which cannot effectively guarantee the powder utilization rate, and the unmelted powder adheres to the surface of the cladding layer, affecting the surface roughness.

[0005] Patent authorization publication number CN116240540A is a composite laser cladding optical path. This patent uses multiple lenses to achieve the distribution of central solid light spots and annular light spots. The optical path system is complex and costly. In addition, this patent does not reveal the positional relationship between the powder flow and the light spot, and cannot gather all the powder sprayed into the molten pool into the two light spots. There is also the problem of being unable to effectively guarantee the powder utilization rate, and the unmelted powder sticking to the surface of the cladding layer, affecting the surface roughness.

[0006] In summary, when facing different process requirements, the existing metal additive manufacturing technology has many problems such as low energy utilization efficiency, high cost, low powder utilization rate and poor forming quality. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention provides a multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device and a control system and method to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A multi-heat source cooperative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device, comprising a nozzle base plate, a laser cladding nozzle mounted on the nozzle base plate, an arc heating device arranged outside the laser cladding nozzle nozzle and coaxially arranged with the nozzle, and a substrate located below the nozzle and the arc heating device, wherein the arc heating device is distributed outside the nozzle in the form of points or lines; The laser cladding nozzle head comprises a laser emitter and a laser beam processing component for processing the laser emitted by the laser emitter into multiple beams, the multiple beams generated by the laser beam processing component are coaxially arranged with the nozzle of the laser cladding nozzle head and the arc heating device, and the multiple beams generated by the laser beam processing component are arranged on the surface of the substrate; The laser cladding nozzle also includes a powder conveying channel for conveying powder or wire, and the powder or wire enters the interior of the nozzle after passing through the powder conveying channel.

[0009] Preferably, the arc heating device comprises a first ring-shaped electrode head sleeved on the outer side of the nozzle, and the first ring-shaped electrode head is located on the inner side of the multi-beam.

[0010] Preferably, the arc heating device comprises three first pointed electrodes located on the outer side of the nozzle, the three first pointed electrodes are distributed in a circular array with the nozzle as the center, and the three first pointed electrodes are located on the inner side of the multi-beam; An annular sleeve is sleeved on the laser cladding nozzle, and the three first pointed electrodes are all connected to the annular sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the electric arc heating device comprises three second pointed electrodes located on the outer side of the nozzle, the three second pointed electrodes are distributed in a circular array with the nozzle as the center, and the three second pointed electrodes are on the same circumference as the multiple light beams and are spaced apart from the multiple light beams; A collar is sleeved on the laser cladding nozzle, and the outer wall of the collar is provided with three sheets arranged in an array along the circumferential direction, and the three second pointed electrodes are respectively connected to corresponding sheets.

[0012] Preferably, the arc heating device comprises a second ring-shaped electrode head connected to the outer side of the nozzle, and the second ring-shaped electrode head is located at the outer side of the multi-beam.

[0013] Preferably, the arc heating device comprises three third pointed electrodes located on the outer side of the nozzle, the three third pointed electrodes are distributed in a circular array with the nozzle as the center, and the three third pointed electrodes are located on the outer side of the multi-light beam.

[0014] Preferably, the arc heating device includes a first ring-shaped electrode head and a second ring-shaped electrode head connected to the outer side of the nozzle, the first ring-shaped electrode head is located at the inner side of the multi-beam, the second ring-shaped electrode head is located at the outer side of the multi-beam, and a beam cavity for the laser beam to pass through is provided between the first ring-shaped electrode head and the second ring-shaped electrode head.

[0015] Preferably, the laser beam processing component includes a polygonal prism arranged on the inner side of the laser cladding nozzle, a plurality of reflectors distributed in a circular array with the polygonal prism as the center, and a light outlet corresponding to each of the reflectors, the polygonal prism is located below the emitting end of the laser transmitter, the polygonal prism is a triangular prism, and at least two reflectors are provided.

[0016] A multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing control system, comprising the multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device, a power supply device, an infrared thermometer and a CCD camera; The multi-heat source cooperative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device is used to melt the powder beam or wire material through the multi-light beams generated by the laser emitter and the heat source generated by the arc heating device; The power supply device is used to control the arc heating device and adjust the heat amount of the arc heating device; The infrared thermometer is used to monitor the temperature of the molten pool area or the cladding layer and is electrically connected to the power supply device; The CCD camera is used to collect the real-time status of the molten pool area or the cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the power supply device.

[0017] A control method for a laser cladding metal additive manufacturing control system with multiple heat sources working in collaboration, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start each machine and equipment, and use the infrared thermometer to monitor the temperature of the molten pool, and the CCD camera to monitor the morphology of the molten pool and the characteristics of the cladding layer; Step 2: According to the work of the infrared thermometer and the CCD camera, the collected data is transmitted to the data processing center of the power supply equipment, and the signal command is sent to the power supply equipment according to the set stable molten pool temperature range and the quality of the cladding layer characteristics according to the real-time parameters; Step 3: The power supply device controls the number of arc electrodes or the arc current in the arc heating device through signal instructions; Step 4: When a high-quality cladding layer is obtained, the temperature is reasonable and the morphology is complete, metal laser cladding metal additive manufacturing can be carried out to achieve part forming.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are: In the present invention, the multiple light beams generated by the laser emitter are coaxially arranged with the laser cladding nozzle nozzle and the arc heating device, so that after the three are coaxially arranged, the structure is compact and more refined control can be achieved. The power supply equipment is used to adjust the heat of the arc heating device, so that the arc can make up for the lack of heat, ensuring that the arc and laser beam heat sources can act on the powder beam or wire at the same time, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the powder beam or wire, meeting the requirement of more powder beams or wires flowing in per unit time, and facilitating efficient cladding, thereby solving the problem that the heat of the existing nozzle comes only from the laser, the fuse area is too small, and the efficiency is too low.

[0019] In summary, the present invention superimposes heat by means of light enclosing an arc, arc enclosing a cladding material, or arc enclosing both light and cladding material, so that an arc heating device and a laser beam heat source act simultaneously, thereby improving the efficiency of melting powder beams or wires, improving powder utilization, reducing surface roughness, and meeting the requirement of more powder beams and wires flowing in per unit time. The printing cost is low, the quality is good, and the efficiency is high. There is no need to purchase a very high-power laser, which reduces the investment cost of the equipment to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a multi-beam and arc heating device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the first pointed electrode structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a multi-beam and arc heating device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0028] Fig. 9 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the second pointed electrode structure of the present invention.

[0030] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the multi-beam and arc heating device in the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of a multi-beam and arc heating device in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the multi-beam and arc heating device in Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

[0035] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.17 Schematic diagram of the multi-beam and arc heating device in Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the control method of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.19 Schematic diagram of arc formation.

[0039] In the figure: 1. Nozzle base plate; 2. Laser cladding nozzle; 3. Arc heating device; 31. First ring-shaped electrode head; 32. First pointed electrode; 33. Second pointed electrode; 34. Second ring-shaped electrode head; 35. Third pointed electrode; 4. Nozzle; 5. Substrate; 6. Power supply device; 7. Laser emitter; 8. Laser beam processing assembly; 81. Polygonal mirror; 82. Reflector; 83. Light outlet; 9. Ring sleeve; 10. Ring; 11. Sheet; 12. Powder conveying channel; 13. Infrared thermometer; 14. CCD camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0041] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways than those described herein. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments of the following disclosure. Embodiment 1

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a multi-heat source cooperative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device, comprising a nozzle base plate 1, a laser cladding nozzle 2 installed on the nozzle base plate 1, an arc heating device 3 arranged outside the nozzle 4 of the laser cladding nozzle 2 and coaxially arranged with the nozzle 4, and a substrate 5 located below the nozzle 4 and the arc heating device 3, wherein the arc heating device 3 is distributed outside the nozzle 4 in the form of points or lines; The laser cladding nozzle 2 includes a laser emitter 7 and a laser beam processing component 8 for processing the laser emitted by the laser emitter 7 into multiple beams. The multiple beams generated by the laser beam processing component 8 are coaxially arranged with the nozzle 4 and the arc heating device 3 of the laser cladding nozzle 2, and the multiple beams generated by the laser beam processing component 8 are arranged on the surface of the substrate 5.

[0043] Furthermore, the laser beam processing component 8 includes a polygonal mirror 81 arranged on the inner side of the laser cladding nozzle 2, a plurality of reflectors 82 distributed in a circular array with the polygonal prism 81 as the center, and a light outlet 83 corresponding to each reflector 82, and the polygonal prism 81 is located below the emitting end of the laser emitter 7, the polygonal prism 81 is a triangular prism, and at least two reflectors 82 are provided.

[0044] Furthermore, the laser cladding nozzle 2 further includes a powder conveying channel 12 for conveying powder or wire, and the powder or wire passes through the powder conveying channel 12 and enters the interior of the nozzle 4 .

[0045] Furthermore, the laser emitter 7 is used to emit laser light, and a convex lens for converging light is arranged inside the laser emitter 7, and the laser is directly projected onto the prism after passing through the convex lens, so that the laser refracts the light onto the reflector 82 after passing through the prism, and finally the refracted light is emitted through the light outlet 83, thereby forming a laser beam, and the number of reflectors 82 in this scheme is three, and then the prism and the three reflectors 82 make the laser beam become three beams after formation and arranged coaxially with the arc heating device 3, which is conducive to the simultaneous action of the arc heating device 3 and the laser beam heat source, improves the efficiency of melting the powder beam or wire, meets the flow of more powder beams and wires per unit time, and ensures that the cost is lower than that of purchasing a high-power laser. It is worth noting that the red arrows in the attached drawings of this article represent the light source path.

[0046] It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the number of the reflectors 82 is three for illustration, while in other embodiments, the number of the reflectors 82 may be two or four or more.

[0047] In this embodiment, the arc heating device 3 includes a first ring-shaped electrode head 31 sleeved on the outer side of the nozzle 4, and the first ring-shaped electrode head 31 is located at the inner side of the multi-beam.

[0048] Furthermore, the laser emitted by the laser emitter 7 forms a light beam after passing through the convex lens, the prism and the reflector 82, and forms a cladding focus on the substrate 5. When the light beam forms the cladding focus, the first ring-shaped electrode head 31 is arranged between the multi-light beam and the nozzle 4, and the three form a coaxial arrangement, which makes the structure compact and can achieve more refined control, ensuring that the annular arc heat source and the laser beam heat source generated by the first ring-shaped electrode head 31 can act at the same time, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the powder beam or wire, satisfying the flow of more powder beams and wires per unit time, and carrying out efficient cladding.

[0049] It is worth noting that the multi-beam technology formed by the laser cladding nozzle 2 described above is a well-known public technology. This article only briefly describes the multi-beam technology and structure. For more details, please refer to the published patent: A metal 3D printing device connected to an air cooling system, publication number: CN220698244U. Therefore, this embodiment uses the arc and laser beam heat sources to act on the powder beam or wire at the same time, so that the melting efficiency of the powder beam or wire is effectively improved, which meets the requirement of more powder beams and wires flowing in per unit time, is conducive to carrying out efficient cladding, and there is no need to purchase a very high-power laser, which reduces the investment cost of the equipment to a certain extent. Embodiment 2

[0050] Combination Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except that: the arc heating device 3 includes three first pointed electrodes 32 located at the outer side of the nozzle 4, the three first pointed electrodes 32 are distributed in a circular array with the nozzle 4 as the center, and the three first pointed electrodes 32 are located at the inner side of the multi-beam; An annular sleeve 9 is sleeved on the laser cladding nozzle 2 , and three first pointed electrodes 32 are all connected to the annular sleeve 9 .

[0051] Furthermore, the three first pointed electrodes 32 exist independently on the annular sleeve 9, and the three independent first pointed electrodes 32 are respectively inclined inwardly to ensure that the pointed extension lines at the bottom ends of the three first pointed electrodes 32 can be in a cross setting to form a convergence point, and the convergence point is coaxially arranged with the nozzle 4 and the multi-beam, and the three independent annular sleeves 9 are located between the multi-beam and the nozzle 4, and the three form a coaxial arrangement, which makes the structure compact and can achieve more refined control and achieve full melting of the cladding material, solving the problem that the existing nozzle is limited by the laser heat source, resulting in a small fuse cross-section, too little fuse per unit time and too low efficiency, prompting this embodiment to make up for the problem of insufficient heat and low processing efficiency by utilizing arc additive manufacturing technology. Embodiment 3

[0052] Combination Figure 8 , Fig. 9 , Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except that: the arc heating device 3 includes three second pointed electrodes 33 located at the outer side of the nozzle 4, the three second pointed electrodes 33 are distributed in a circular array with the nozzle 4 as the center, and the three second pointed electrodes 33 are on the same circumference as the multiple light beams and are spaced apart from the multiple light beams; A collar 10 is sleeved on the laser cladding nozzle 2 , and three sheets 11 are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the collar 10 , and three second pointed electrodes 33 are respectively connected to corresponding sheets 11 .

[0053] Furthermore, the three sheets 11 are distributed at equal intervals, and the second pointed electrodes 33 on the three sheets 11 are respectively independent and tilted inward, and the bottom pointed extension lines of the three second pointed electrodes 33 can be cross-set to form a convergence point coaxial with the nozzle 4, and the convergence point coincides with the multiple light beams located in the molten pool area of ​​the substrate 5, ensuring that the powder beam or wire can be acted on by the arc and laser beam heat sources at the same time, improving the melting efficiency of the powder beam or wire, meeting the flow of more powder beams or wires per unit time, and facilitating efficient cladding, solving the problem that the heat of the existing nozzle comes only from the laser, the fuse area is too small, and the efficiency is too low, ensuring that the use of this embodiment can increase the fuse area and improve work efficiency. Embodiment 4

[0054] Combination Fig.12 and Fig.13 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the arc heating device 3 includes a second ring-shaped electrode head 34 connected to the outer side of the nozzle 4, and the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 is located at the outer side of the multi-beam.

[0055] Furthermore, the light beam formed by the laser emitted by the laser emitter 7 after passing through the laser beam processing component 8 forms a cladding focus on the substrate 5, and when the light beam forms the cladding focus, the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 is arranged on the outer side of the multi-beam, and is coaxially arranged with the nozzle 4 and the multi-beam, so that the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 simultaneously wraps the multi-beam and the nozzle 4 and the powder or wire in the nozzle 4, so as to achieve sufficient melting of the cladding material.

[0056] It is worth noting that when the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 is connected to the outer side of the nozzle 4, the actual operation can be to use the outer side of the nozzle 4 to sleeve the ring 10, and evenly connect the three sheets 11 on the outer wall of the ring 10, and then one end of the three sheets 11 are respectively connected to the second ring-shaped electrode head 34, and intervals for multi-beam irradiation are provided between the three sheets 11 to ensure that the annular arc heat source generated by the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 acts together with the laser heat source in the molten pool, thereby improving the laser cladding efficiency of large components. Embodiment 5

[0057] Combination Fig.14 and Fig.15 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except that: the arc heating device 3 includes three third pointed electrodes 35 located at the outer side of the nozzle 4, the three third pointed electrodes 35 are distributed in a ring array with the nozzle 4 as the center, and the three third pointed electrodes 35 are located at the outer side of the multi-beam; A collar 10 is sleeved on the laser cladding nozzle 2 , and three sheets 11 are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the collar 10 , and three third pointed electrodes 35 are respectively connected to corresponding sheets 11 .

[0058] It should be noted that the structure of this embodiment is roughly the same as that of the third embodiment. The only difference is that the length of the three sheets 11 connecting the third pointed electrode 35 is longer than the length of the three sheets 11 connecting the second pointed electrode 33, so that the third pointed electrode 35 is coaxial with the nozzle 4 and the multi-beam, and is arranged on the outer side of the multi-beam, and the three independent third pointed electrodes 35 are evenly distributed circumferentially. It is preferred to adopt a setting that is offset from the multi-beam, and if necessary, it can be arranged in the same position as the multi-beam, and the third pointed electrode 35 arranged on the outer side of the multi-beam is inclined inwardly, and the bottom tip extension lines of the three third pointed electrodes 35 can be cross-set to form a convergence point coaxial with the nozzle 4, and the convergence point coincides with the multi-beam located in the molten pool area of ​​the substrate 5, ensuring that the powder beam or wire can be acted on by the arc and laser beam heat sources at the same time, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the powder beam or wire. Embodiment 6

[0059] Combination Fig.16 and Fig.17 As shown, the structure of this embodiment is substantially the same as that of the first embodiment, except that: the arc heating device 3 includes a first ring-shaped electrode head 31 and a second ring-shaped electrode head 34 connected to the outer side of the nozzle 4, the first ring-shaped electrode head 31 is located at the inner side of the multi-light beam, the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 is located at the outer side of the multi-light beam, and a beam cavity for the laser beam to pass through is provided between the first ring-shaped electrode head 31 and the second ring-shaped electrode head 34, wherein the size of the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 is larger than that of the first ring-shaped electrode head 31, and the beam cavity between the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 and the first ring-shaped electrode head 31 is mainly used for the light beam formed after passing through the laser beam processing component 8 to pass through.

[0060] Furthermore, the second ring-shaped electrode head 34, the first ring-shaped electrode head 31, the multi-beam and the nozzle 4 are coaxially arranged to ensure that the multi-beam, the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 and the first ring-shaped electrode head 31 act as a heat source together to improve the melting efficiency of the powder beam or wire, meet the flow of more powder beams and wires per unit time, and carry out efficient cladding.

[0061] When the second ring-shaped electrode head 34 is connected to the outer side of the nozzle 4 in this embodiment, the outer side of the nozzle 4 can be sleeved with the ring 10, and the three sheets 11 are evenly connected to the outer wall of the ring 10, and then one end of the three sheets 11 is respectively connected to the second ring-shaped electrode head 34, and intervals are provided between the three sheets 11 for multi-beam irradiation to avoid blocking the laser from acting as a heat source. Embodiment 7

[0062] Combination Figure 1-Figure 17As shown, the present invention also provides a multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing control system, comprising a multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device as in any one of the above embodiments, as well as a power supply device 6, an infrared thermometer 13 and a CCD camera 14; The laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device with multiple heat sources working in coordination is used to melt the powder beam or wire material by means of the multiple light beams generated by the laser emitter 7 and the heat source generated by the arc heating device 3; Among them, when the laser emitter 7 emits laser, the laser can be converged by the convex lens inside the laser emitter 7, and then the converged light can be emitted to the polygonal mirror 81 for refracting, ensuring that the light is refracted to the corresponding reflector 82, and then multiple light beams are refracted from the reflector 82 and irradiated on the molten pool area of ​​the substrate 5 through the light outlet 83, forming a coaxial arrangement with the nozzle 4 and the arc heating device 3.

[0063] The power supply device 6 is used to control the arc heating device 3 and adjust the heat amount of the arc heating device 3; Furthermore, the substrate 5 serves as a carrier connected to the negative pole of the arc. Based on this, through the operation and control of the power supply device 6, the power supply device 6 can be used as the positive pole of the arc, and the heat of the arc heating device 3 is adjusted according to the required temperature, so as to change the size of the wire feeding cross-section of the laser beam processing component 8, so as to promote the powder bundle or wire to superimpose heat by means of light wrapping the arc and arc wrapping the wire, thereby improving the melting efficiency of the powder bundle or wire and satisfying the inflow of more powder bundles or wires per unit time, and the printing cost is low, the quality is good, and the efficiency is high.

[0064] Combination Fig.19 As shown, it should be noted that the specific principle of arc formation is: when the switch cuts off the current, a hot spot appears on the moving contact (cathode) and emits electrons in all directions. Under the action of the electric field force, it accelerates toward the static contact (anode), collides with atoms or molecules in the air on the way, generates new electrons and becomes positive ions. The positive ions move toward the cathode, and the electrons and the new electrons generated by the collision move toward the anode area, and continue to collide to generate new electrons, filling the contacts with free electrons and positive ions to form a current like cell division.

[0065] The infrared thermometer 13 is used to monitor the temperature of the molten pool area or the cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the power supply device 6. The infrared thermometer 13 tests the temperature of the molten pool to evaluate whether the molten pool temperature is too low to cause the molten pool to be unable to be formed, or whether the molten pool temperature is too high to cause overburning, etc., thereby also playing a role in adjusting the electrode participation in the heat source. When the molten pool temperature is too low, more electrodes can be started as a heat source supplement. When the temperature is too high, some electrodes can be reduced to reduce the heat source input, thereby effectively ensuring the constant temperature of the molten pool and ensuring the cladding forming quality; The CCD camera 14 is used to collect the real-time status of the molten pool area or the cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the power supply device 6. The CCD camera 14 collects the morphological characteristics of the molten pool or the cladding layer, and monitors the heat source energy input of the molten pool through the changes in the morphological characteristics, so as to adjust whether the electrode heat source needs to participate in the effect of the total heat source. Embodiment 8

[0066] Combination Fig.18 As shown, the present invention also provides a control method for a multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing control system, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Start each machine and equipment, so that the infrared thermometer 13 monitors the temperature of the molten pool, and the CCD camera 14 monitors the morphology of the molten pool and the characteristics of the cladding layer; Step 2: According to the work of the infrared thermometer 13 and the CCD camera 14, the collected data is transmitted to the data processing center of the power supply device 6, and the signal instruction is sent to the power supply device 6 according to the set stable molten pool temperature range and the quality of the cladding layer characteristics according to the real-time parameter comparison; The infrared thermometer 13 and the CCD camera 14 work simultaneously. The infrared thermometer 13 monitors the temperature of the molten pool, and the CCD camera 14 monitors the morphology of the molten pool and the characteristics of the cladding layer.

[0067] Based on the above work, the collected data is transmitted to the data processing center. According to the set temperature range of the molten pool, a stable molten pool can be obtained. If the temperature exceeds this range, the morphology of the cladding layer will also be judged. Through the molten pool temperature and the characteristics of the cladding layer, a signal will be sent to control the number of electrodes as heat sources or the size of the arc current.

[0068] Step 3, the power supply device 6 controls the number of arc electrodes or the arc current in the arc heating device 3 through signal instructions; Specifically, the number of electrodes participating in the arc or the size of the arc current is controlled through the signal fed back from the above steps and the control circuit.

[0069] Step 4: When a high-quality cladding layer is obtained, the temperature is reasonable and the morphology is complete, metal laser cladding metal additive manufacturing can be carried out to achieve part forming.

[0070] Among them, the metal laser cladding metal additive manufacturing work is carried out based on whether the above steps have obtained a high-quality cladding layer, whether the temperature is reasonable, and whether the morphology is complete. If not, it will be monitored and judged again through step two until everything meets the standards. Metal laser cladding metal additive manufacturing work is carried out.

[0071] In summary, the present invention superimposes heat by means of light enclosing an arc, arc enclosing a cladding material (wherein the cladding material includes not only wires but also materials such as powder), or arc enclosing light and cladding materials, so that an arc heating device and a laser beam heat source act simultaneously, thereby improving the efficiency of melting powder beams or wires, improving powder utilization, reducing surface roughness, and meeting the requirement of more powder beams and wires flowing in per unit time. The printing cost is low, the quality is good, and the efficiency is high. There is no need to purchase a very high-power laser, which reduces the investment cost of the equipment to a certain extent.

[0072] Compared with the ultra-high-speed laser cladding manufacturing method for a bimetallic oil sleeve in patent CN111378966A, the advantage of the present invention is that the technical solution of "multi-beam + multi-arc electrode" is adopted to effectively avoid the problems of the patent. The powder is surrounded layer by layer under the joint action of multiple arc electrodes and multiple laser beams. At the same time, the arc electrodes are added to increase the energy of the heat source, improve the powder utilization rate, and enable most of the powder to be fully melted, reduce the powder adhesion effect, and reduce the surface roughness.

[0073] Compared with the patent CN112159978A, which is a center powder feeding cladding head that can be preheated and tempered, the advantages of the present invention are: the use of the "multi-beam + multi-arc electrode" technical solution effectively avoids the problems of the patent, the multi-beam lenses are small in number, the structure is simple, and the cost is low. The multi-beam will envelope the central area of ​​the annular powder, and then further wrap the powder beam through the arc electrode, thereby increasing the energy supply area and improving the powder utilization rate. At the same time, most of the powder can be fully melted, reducing the powder adhesion effect and reducing the surface roughness.

[0074] Compared with the laser additive manufacturing device with preheating and slow cooling functions in patent CN108453261A, the advantage of the present invention is that the "multi-beam + multi-arc electrode" technical solution is adopted to effectively avoid the problems of the patent. Through the additional arc electrode head, the possibility of powder being sprayed to the outer area of ​​the peripheral annular light and unable to melt is further limited, so that most of the powder is gathered in the molten pool area formed by the multiple beams and arcs, which improves the powder utilization rate and enables most of the powder to be fully melted, reducing the powder adhesion effect and reducing the surface roughness.

[0075] Compared with the composite laser cladding optical path of patent CN116240540A, the advantage of the present invention is that the "multi-beam + multi-arc electrode" technical solution is adopted to effectively circumvent the problems of the patent, and the additional arc electrode head is used to further limit the possibility of powder being sprayed to the outer area of ​​the peripheral annular light and unable to melt, so that most of the powder is gathered in the molten pool area formed by the multiple beams and arcs, thereby improving the powder utilization rate and enabling most of the powder to be fully melted, reducing the powder adhesion effect and reducing the surface roughness.

[0076] Moreover, compared with all the above-mentioned public patents, the present invention improves the uniformity of energy distribution in the outer or inner ring of the multi-beam due to the problem of weak energy in the periphery of the multi-beam, effectively improves the full metallurgical bonding between the edge of the cladding layer and the substrate or layer, reduces pores, and improves mechanical properties. And the peripheral arc heating module is used to preheat the substrate, wire or powder in advance, reduce their internal stress, reduce stress release during the cladding process, reduce part deformation, and can also play the role of preheating and tempering, further improving the mechanical properties of the cladding layer.

[0077] Furthermore, the closed-loop control system added by the present invention effectively reduces the process debugging time, improves the laser cladding efficiency, the surface quality and the mechanical properties of the formed part. In addition, the arc heat source is added on the basis of the multi-beam laser beam, which can melt more powder per unit time, has high efficiency, lower cost and smaller equipment space compared with the same power.

[0078] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0079] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device with multiple heat sources working in collaboration, characterized in that: It comprises a nozzle base plate (1), a laser cladding nozzle (2) mounted on the nozzle base plate (1), an arc heating device (3) arranged outside a nozzle (4) of the laser cladding nozzle (2) and coaxially arranged with the nozzle (4), and a substrate (5) located below the nozzle (4) and the arc heating device (3), wherein the arc heating device (3) is distributed outside the nozzle (4) in the form of points or lines; The laser cladding nozzle (2) comprises a laser emitter (7) and a laser beam processing component (8) for processing the laser emitted by the laser emitter (7) into multiple beams, the multiple beams generated by the laser beam processing component (8) being coaxially arranged with the nozzle (4) of the laser cladding nozzle (2) and the arc heating device (3), and the multiple beams generated by the laser beam processing component (8) being arranged on the surface of the substrate (5); The laser cladding nozzle (2) further comprises a powder conveying channel (12) for conveying powder or wire, and the powder or wire passes through the powder conveying channel (12) and then enters the interior of the nozzle (4).

2. The multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arc heating device (3) comprises a first ring-shaped electrode head (31) sleeved on the outer side of the nozzle (4), and the first ring-shaped electrode head (31) is located on the inner side of the multi-light beam.

3. The multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric arc heating device (3) comprises three first pointed electrodes (32) located on the outer side of the nozzle (4), the three first pointed electrodes (32) being distributed in a circular array with the nozzle (4) as the center, and the three first pointed electrodes (32) being located on the inner side of the multi-light beam; An annular sleeve (9) is sleeved on the laser cladding nozzle (2), and the three first pointed electrodes (32) are all connected to the annular sleeve (9).

4. The multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electric arc heating device (3) comprises three second pointed electrodes (33) located on the outer side of the nozzle (4), the three second pointed electrodes (33) being distributed in a circular array with the nozzle (4) as the center, and the three second pointed electrodes (33) being located on the same circumference as the multiple light beams and being arranged at intervals from the multiple light beams; A collar (10) is sleeved on the laser cladding nozzle (2), the outer wall of the collar (10) has three sheets (11) distributed in an array along the circumferential direction, and the three second pointed electrodes (33) are respectively connected to corresponding sheets (11).

5. The multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arc heating device (3) comprises a second ring-shaped electrode head (34) connected to the outer side of the nozzle (4), and the second ring-shaped electrode head (34) is located at the outer side of the multi-beam.

6. The multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arc heating device (3) comprises three third pointed electrodes (35) located on the outer side of the nozzle (4), the three third pointed electrodes (35) being distributed in a circular array with the nozzle (4) as the center, and the three third pointed electrodes (35) being located on the outer side of the multi-light beam.

7. The multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arc heating device (3) comprises a first ring-shaped electrode head (31) and a second ring-shaped electrode head (34) connected to the outer side of the nozzle (4), the first ring-shaped electrode head (31) being located at the inner side of the multi-light beam, the second ring-shaped electrode head (34) being located at the outer side of the multi-light beam, and a beam cavity for the laser beam to pass through is provided between the first ring-shaped electrode head (31) and the second ring-shaped electrode head (34).

8. The multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The laser beam processing component (8) comprises a polygonal mirror (81) arranged inside the laser cladding nozzle (2), a plurality of reflectors (82) distributed in a circular array with the polygonal mirror (81) as the center, and a light outlet (83) corresponding to each of the reflectors (82), the polygonal mirror (81) being located below the emitting end of the laser emitter (7), the polygonal mirror (81) being a triangular prism, and at least two reflectors (82) being provided. 9.Multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing control system, characterized by: It comprises a multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, a power supply device (6), an infrared thermometer (13) and a CCD camera (14); The multi-heat source cooperative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing device is used to melt the powder beam or wire material through the multiple light beams generated by the laser emitter (7) and the heat source generated by the arc heating device (3); The power supply device (6) is used to control the arc heating device (3) and adjust the heat level of the arc heating device (3); The infrared thermometer (13) is used to monitor the temperature of the molten pool area or the cladding layer and is electrically connected to the power supply device (6); The CCD camera (14) is used to collect the real-time status of the molten pool area or the cladding layer, and is electrically connected to the power supply device (6).

10. A control method for the multi-heat source collaborative laser cladding metal additive manufacturing control system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Start each machine and equipment, so that the infrared thermometer (13) monitors the temperature of the molten pool, and the CCD camera (14) monitors the morphology of the molten pool and the characteristics of the cladding layer; Step 2: based on the operation of the infrared thermometer (13) and the CCD camera (14), the collected data is transmitted to the data processing center of the power supply device (6), and a signal instruction is sent to the power supply device (6) based on the set stable molten pool temperature range and the quality of the cladding layer characteristics according to the real-time parameter comparison; Step 3, the power supply device (6) controls the number of arc electrodes or the arc current in the arc heating device (3) through signal instructions; Step 4: When a high-quality cladding layer is obtained, the temperature is reasonable and the morphology is complete, metal laser cladding metal additive manufacturing can be carried out to achieve part forming.

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