Ecological control type side slope frame beam adjustable template system and construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological prevention and control type side slope frame beam adjustable formwork system and a construction method. The ecological prevention and control type side slope frame beam adjustable formwork system comprises a plurality of formwork units, and each formwork unit comprises a square frame structure, a base and four telescopic supporting pieces; the square frame structure comprises four side molds which sequentially and vertically abut against each other, each side mold comprises a plurality of mold plates, and the multiple mold plates are sequentially and detachably connected in the length direction of the mold plates and jointly form a pouring cavity used for forming the side edges of the frame beam; the base is located in the center of the square frame structure and used for being fixed to a side slope. The four telescopic supporting pieces are arranged in a cross shape in the circumferential direction of the base, the telescopic supporting pieces are parallel to the slope surface of the side slope, motors are arranged in the telescopic supporting pieces to control the telescopic supporting pieces to stretch out and draw back in the length direction of the telescopic supporting pieces, one ends of the telescopic supporting pieces are connected to the base, and the other ends of the telescopic supporting pieces are connected with one formwork of the side formwork. The method can be suitable for various different topographic conditions, and the construction efficiency and accuracy can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, and in particular to an ecological prevention and control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system and a construction method. Background Art

[0002] The main function of frame beam slope protection is to protect the slope, prevent the soil from loosening and loss, and enhance the integrity of the slope. In existing projects, frame beam slope protection is mostly constructed by splicing wooden formwork with frame structure and pouring concrete. There are two ways to arrange wooden formwork. One is to dig grooves on the slope to arrange wooden formwork. This method is difficult to apply to some complex terrain conditions (such as rock slopes). The other is to arrange wooden formwork without digging grooves. This method requires a lot of supporting structures to support the formwork. Both of the above methods have the problems of cumbersome construction steps, low efficiency, and low accuracy of formwork position. Especially the latter has a more complex structure, more cumbersome construction steps, and it is more difficult to ensure the accuracy of the formwork position, resulting in poor construction quality. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention proposes an ecological prevention and control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system, which can be applied to various terrain conditions, improve the efficiency and accuracy of construction, and ensure the construction quality.

[0004] The present invention also proposes a construction method based on the above-mentioned ecological prevention and control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system.

[0005] The ecological prevention type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to the first embodiment of the present invention comprises: a plurality of formwork units arranged in layers along the inclination direction of the slope surface, wherein the formwork units comprise a square frame structure, a base, and four telescopic supports; The square frame structure includes four side molds that are vertically abutted against each other in sequence. Any two adjacent square frame structures abut against each other at the top corners and have anchor holes formed at the abutment points. The side mold includes a plurality of templates. Along the length direction of the templates, the plurality of templates are detachably connected in sequence and together form a casting cavity for forming the side of the frame beam. The casting cavity is distributed along the length direction of the template and is opened toward one side of the slope. The base is located at the center of the square frame structure and is used to be fixed on the slope; The four telescopic support members are arranged in a cross shape along the circumference of the base and correspond one-to-one to the side molds. The telescopic support member is parallel to the slope surface of the slope and has a built-in motor to control the telescopic support member to extend and retract along its own length direction. One end of the telescopic support member is connected to the base and the other end is connected to one of the templates of the side mold.

[0006] The ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The ecological prevention type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system of this embodiment can support the side formwork by using the telescopic support member connected between the base and the side formwork to prevent the side formwork from shifting, so that each formwork unit can be directly arranged on the slope surface of the slope without the need for construction operations such as grooving, so it can be applicable to slopes with various terrain conditions, especially some slopes that are not convenient for grooving, and after using the telescopic support member to support the side formwork, there is no need to use a large number of supporting structures to support the formwork, which can simplify the overall structure and construction process and improve construction efficiency; in addition, since the side formwork is composed of a plurality of detachably connected formworks, the size and specifications of the square frame structure can be adjusted for slopes with different geological conditions by increasing or decreasing the number of formworks and synchronously adjusting the length of the telescopic support member, and then the size and specifications of a single frame of the subsequently formed concrete frame beam can be adjusted, so that the formed concrete frame beam can better match the slopes with different terrain conditions, and has a wide range of applications; furthermore, the telescopic support member is controlled to extend and retract by a motor, which can facilitate the control of the position of the side formwork, so that the position of the formwork in the side formwork is highly accurate, so as to improve the construction quality.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the same side mold, any two adjacent mold plates are detachably connected via a connecting structure, and the connecting structure includes: A connecting plate, one end of which is fixed to the outer wall of one of the two adjacent templates; A connecting bolt is threadedly mounted on the other end of the connecting plate and is used for threaded connection with the other of the two adjacent templates.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of templates include: A main template, which is arranged as a U-shaped structure and connected to the telescopic support member; Two sets of auxiliary templates are detachably connected to the two ends of the main template in the length direction, and the auxiliary templates are arranged in a U-shaped structure; The two end templates are detachably connected to the two opposite ends of the two groups of auxiliary templates, and the end of the end template away from the auxiliary template is a closed end. The end template is provided with a pouring port connected to the pouring cavity.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the length direction of the side formwork forms an angle of 45 degrees with the width direction of the slope, two first clamping holes penetrating the end formwork are provided at one end of any end formwork away from the auxiliary formwork, and a second clamping hole penetrating the main formwork is provided at a side of the main formwork away from the telescopic support member, and the formwork unit further comprises: Four steel cages, corresponding to the four side molds one by one, the steel cages are placed in the casting cavity, a drainage pipe is fixed on the steel cage, two first interfaces are provided at both ends of the drainage pipe in the length direction, and are respectively clamped in the two first clamping holes on the corresponding sides, and a second interface is provided in the middle of the drainage pipe and is clamped in the second clamping hole; Among them, the drainage pipes between two adjacent side molds are connected, and the drainage pipes between two adjacent template units are connected.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the template unit further comprises: A seepage pipe, wherein a water-absorbing cotton column is arranged inside the seepage pipe, and a plurality of seepage holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the seepage pipe. The seepage pipe is arranged inclined relative to the horizontal plane, the inclined top end of the seepage pipe is inserted into the inside of the slope, and the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe is aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the main template and the auxiliary template both have a sandwich space, and the template unit further includes: An airbag is provided in any of the interlayer spaces; An inflation and deflation mechanism is used to connect the airbag to inflate and deflate the airbag.

[0012] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the construction method based on the ecological prevention and control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system comprises the following steps: S1. measuring the parameters of the slope on site, where the parameters of the slope include slope gradient, slope width and slope height; S2. Calculating the configuration scheme of the template unit according to the parameters of the slope, wherein the configuration scheme of the template unit includes the number and size of the templates in a single side template; S3, generating a layout drawing of the template units on the slope surface according to the configuration scheme of the template units, and using the same drawing to display the contour of the slope surface, the position of the template units and the position of the anchor holes; S4, cleaning the slope surface of the slope; S5, according to the layout diagram of the template units on the slope surface, firstly arrange the base on the slope surface, then arrange the telescopic support, and control the telescopic support to be extended to the target length by the motor, then place the steel cage and splice the side templates, and finally arrange anchors at the anchor holes formed between the template units; S6, inflating the airbag by using the inflation and deflation mechanism, then pouring concrete into the pouring cavity from the pouring port, and vibrating with a vibrator; S7, arranging a seepage pipe obliquely on the slope, so that the inclined top end of the seepage pipe is inserted into the inside of the slope, and the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe is aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes of the template unit, and the seepage pipe corresponds to the template unit one by one; S8. After the concrete is initially solidified, the airbag is deflated by the inflation and deflation mechanism to reduce the adhesion between the template and the concrete, and then the template units are removed in turn.

[0013] The construction method of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system. For different types of slopes, based on the parameters of the slope, the configuration scheme of the formwork unit can be calculated, and a layout diagram of the formwork unit on the slope surface can be generated according to the configuration scheme of the formwork unit. The layout position of the formwork unit can be intuitively displayed through the drawing to facilitate accurate construction. During the construction process, according to the layout diagram of the formwork unit on the slope surface, a corresponding number of formworks can be assembled to assemble the side formwork, and the telescopic support can be automatically controlled by the motor to extend to the corresponding length, so that the length of the side formwork can be accurately controlled. position, thereby improving the accuracy of construction; in addition, by arranging the seepage pipe obliquely on the slope and aligning its inclined bottom end with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes on the upper side of the formwork unit, after the concrete frame beam is formed and the formwork is removed, the seepage pipe can be connected to the second interface of the drainage pipe, and the rainwater that has seeped into the slope can be discharged by the seepage pipe, and the water can be converged from top to bottom through the drainage pipe solidified on the concrete frame beam, thereby facilitating the recycling of water resources and reducing resource waste; during the demolding process, the air bag and the inflation and deflation mechanism can be used to assist the demolding, which can simplify the demolding process and improve the reuse rate of the formwork.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, calculating the configuration scheme of the template unit according to the parameters of the slope includes the following steps: S2.1. Use the regression model to predict the optimal length of all the sub-templates added together in a single side template. The calculation formula is: , In the formula, is the optimal length of all the sub-templates added together in a single side mold, , and is the regression coefficient, is the height of the slope, is the slope of the slope; S2.2. Set the optimization objective function and optimize the length configuration of the sub-template using the Lagrange multiplier method. The objective function is defined as follows: , In the formula, represents the Lagrangian objective function, is the Lagrange multiplier, and the specification length represents the maximum template length that meets the specification; S2.3, calculate the number of the required sub-templates, the calculation formula is: / 2 , In the formula, Indicates the number of sub-templates in a single side mold, 2 represents the standard length of a single sub-template, Express Round up; S2.4. Calculate the standard length of the side mold using the following formula: 1+ 2 + 3 2, In the formula, Indicates the standard length of the side mold, 1 represents the standard length of a single master template, 3 represents the standard length of a single end template.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, generating a layout diagram of the template units on the slope surface according to the configuration scheme of the template units comprises the following steps: S3.1. Calculate the terminal coordinates of the base using the following formula: , , In the formula, is the lateral end coordinate of the base, is the longitudinal end coordinate of the base, and n is an integer; The calculated terminal coordinates are then combined to form a comprehensive matrix: , In the formula, each element ( ij , ij ) represents the position coordinates of one of the bases; S3.2. Draw the contour of the slope surface, the position of the template unit, and the position of the anchor hole on the same drawing, and make sure that each template unit is located within the contour range of the slope surface.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, controlling the telescopic support member to extend to a target length by the motor comprises the following steps: S5.1. Calculate the error between the current length and the target length of the telescopic support member, using the following formula: , In the formula, is the error, is the target length of the telescopic support, is the current length of the telescopic support; S5.2, using PID control algorithm to calculate the driving signal of the motor, the calculation formula is: , In the formula, is a driving signal of the motor; is a proportional gain, which determines the effect of the current error on the motor output; For integral gain, the error is accumulated, helping to eliminate long-term deviations; It is the differential gain, which adjusts the output according to the error change trend to avoid over-adjustment; Wherein, the motor is driven according to the driving signal of the motor Real-time adjustment, when e(t) ≈ 0, the telescopic support reaches and remains at the target length.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an ecological prevention type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system arranged on a slope according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a template unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the side mold, the telescopic support member and the base in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the connection structure between the drain pipe and the side mold according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a connection assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a master template according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the seepage pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention is arranged on a slope.

[0019] Figure Number: Formwork unit 100, anchor hole 101, base 110, telescopic support member 120, side form 130, casting cavity 131, main form 132, second clamping hole 1321, auxiliary form 133, end form 134, first clamping hole 1341, matching surface 1342, arc-shaped recess 1343, casting port 135, interlayer space 136, connecting plate 140, connecting bolt 150, steel cage 160, drainage pipe 161, first interface 162, second interface 163, seepage pipe 170, air bag 180, inflation and deflation mechanism 190, air pump 191, shunt pipe 192, and air release valve 193; Slope 200; water collection channel 300; Water pump 400, spray head assembly 410; Temperature and humidity sensor 500. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientation, such as orientation or positional relationship indicated as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means more than two. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0024] Reference Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of formwork units 100 .

[0025] Multiple template units 100 are arranged in layers along the inclination direction of the slope 200 . One layer of template units 100 includes multiple template units 100 arranged along the width direction of the slope. Each template unit 100 includes a square frame structure, a base 110 , and four telescopic supports 120 .

[0026] The square frame structure includes four side molds 130 that are vertically abutted against each other in sequence. The side molds 130 are abutted against each other at the end positions in the length direction of the side molds 130. Any two adjacent square frame structures abut against each other at the top corners, and anchor holes 101 are formed at the abutment points. The anchor holes 101 are used to arrange anchors. The side mold 130 includes a plurality of templates. Along the length direction of the templates, the plurality of templates are detachably connected in sequence and together form a casting cavity 131 for forming the side of the frame beam. The casting cavity 131 is distributed along the length direction of the template and is opened toward one side of the slope 200. Obviously, the template contacts the slope 200 on the side facing the slope 200. By pouring concrete into the casting cavity 131, a strip-shaped concrete structure can be formed inside the side mold 130. The strip-shaped concrete structures formed in the four side molds 130 are combined to form a concrete grid. The concrete grids formed by the plurality of template units 100 are combined to form a concrete frame beam.

[0027] The base 110 is located at the center of the square frame structure and is used to be fixed to the slope 200 .

[0028] The four telescopic support members 120 are arranged in a cross shape along the circumference of the base 110 and correspond one-to-one to the side molds 130. The telescopic support members 120 are parallel to the slope surface of the slope 200, and the telescopic support members 120 are equipped with a built-in motor to control the telescopic support members 120 to extend and retract along their own length direction. One end of the telescopic support member 120 in the length direction is connected to the base 110, and the other end is connected to one of the templates of the side mold 130. The length direction of the telescopic support member 120 is perpendicular to the length direction of the side mold 130. Obviously, the telescopic support member 120 can provide support for the side mold 130 to prevent the side mold 130 from shifting, and by controlling the telescopic length of the telescopic support member 120, the distance of the side mold 130 relative to the base 110 can be controlled; in addition, the base 110 can be set to a block structure, and the four telescopic support members 120 are respectively connected to the four sides of the base 110.

[0029] The ecological prevention type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system with the above-mentioned structure can support the side formwork 130 by using the telescopic support member 120 connected between the base 110 and the side formwork 130 to prevent the side formwork 130 from shifting, so that each formwork unit 100 can be directly arranged on the slope surface of the slope 200 without the need for construction operations such as grooving. Therefore, it can be applied to slopes 200 with various terrain conditions, especially to some slopes 200 that are not convenient for grooving. After the side formwork 130 is supported by the telescopic support member 120, there is no need to use a large number of supporting structures to support the formwork, which can simplify the overall structure and construction process. Improve construction efficiency; in addition, since the side formwork 130 is composed of a plurality of detachably connected formworks, the size of the square frame structure can be adjusted for slopes 200 with different geological conditions by increasing or decreasing the number of formworks and synchronously adjusting the length of the telescopic support member 120, thereby adjusting the size of a single frame of the subsequently formed concrete frame beam, so that the formed concrete frame beam can better match the slopes 200 with different terrain conditions, and has a wide range of applications; furthermore, the telescopic support member 120 is controlled to extend and retract by a motor, which can facilitate the control of the position of the side formwork 130, so that the position of the formwork in the side formwork 130 is highly accurate, thereby improving the construction quality.

[0030] It is conceivable that the template can be made of aluminum alloy material, or made of other alloy materials.

[0031] It is conceivable that the base 110 can be fixed to the slope surface of the slope 200 by anchor bolts, or other fasteners that can meet the requirements can be used.

[0032] It is conceivable that the telescopic support member 120 and the base 110 can be connected in a variety of ways, for example, the telescopic support member 120 and the base 110 are connected by fasteners; for example, a card block is provided on the telescopic support member 120, and a card slot is provided on the base 110, so that the card block is inserted into the card slot and has an interference fit to achieve the connection between the two; of course, other forms of connection can also be used between the telescopic support member 120 and the base 110, as long as the telescopic support member 120 can be removed from the base 110.

[0033] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, in the same side mold 130 , any two adjacent mold plates are detachably connected via a connecting structure, and the connecting structure includes a connecting plate 140 and a connecting bolt 150 .

[0034] Among them, one end of the connecting plate 140 is fixed to the outer wall of one of the two adjacent templates, and the other end of the connecting plate 140 is threadedly installed with a connecting bolt 150. The connecting bolt 150 is used to be threadedly connected to the other of the two adjacent templates. Corresponding threaded holes are provided on the template for threaded connection with the connecting bolt 150. The connection between the templates is realized through the above-mentioned connection structure, and the structure is simple and the connection is convenient.

[0035] Based on the above settings, in order to ensure the stability of the connection, multiple groups of connection structures can be set between any two adjacent templates.

[0036] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the multiple templates in a side mold 130 include a main template 132, two sets of secondary templates 133 and two end templates 134.

[0037] Among them, the main template 132 is located in the middle position of the length direction of the side template 130, the main template 132 is set to a U-shaped structure and is connected to the telescopic support 120, that is, the side template 130 is connected to the telescopic support 120 through the main template 132; two groups of sub-templates 133 are respectively detachably connected to the two ends of the length direction of the main template 132, one group of sub-templates 133 includes a plurality of sub-templates 133, the sub-templates 133 are also set to a U-shaped structure, and the cross-sectional shape and size of the sub-templates 133 in the length direction match the cross-sectional shape and size of the main template 132 in the length direction; the two end templates 134 are respectively detachably connected to the opposite ends of the two groups of sub-templates 133, the end of the end template 134 away from the sub-template 133 is a closed end, that is, the two ends of the casting cavity 131 in the length direction are closed ends, and the end template 134 is provided with a casting port 135 connected to the casting cavity 131.

[0038] In this embodiment, both ends of the casting cavity 131 in the length direction are closed, that is, the casting cavities 131 of each side mold 130 are not directly connected. With this arrangement, when pouring concrete, the casting quality of each side of each frame of the concrete frame beam to be formed can be more finely controlled to ensure the final forming quality of the concrete frame beam.

[0039] It should be noted that since the pouring cavities 131 of the side molds 130 in this embodiment are not directly connected, there will be many gaps after pouring concrete and removing the molds. These gaps are caused by the wall thickness of the end mold 134. At this time, secondary construction can be carried out to fill these gaps with concrete.

[0040] Reference Figures 1 to 4As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the length direction of the side form 130 forms an angle of 45 degrees with the width direction of the slope 200, and one end of any end form 134 away from the auxiliary form 133 is provided with two first clamping holes 1341 that penetrate the end form 134, and the side of the main form 132 away from the telescopic support 120 is provided with a second clamping hole 1321 that penetrates the main form 132; the form unit 100 also includes four steel cages 160, and the four steel cages 160 correspond to the four side forms 130 one by one. The steel cages 160 are placed in the casting cavity 131, and a drainage pipe 161 is fixed on the steel cage 160. The drainage pipe 161 is arranged along the length direction of the side form 130, and both ends of the drainage pipe 161 in the length direction are Two first interfaces 162 are provided, and the two first interfaces 162 are respectively clamped in the two first clamping holes 1341 on the end template 134 on the corresponding side, and a second interface 163 is provided in the middle of the drainage pipe 161, and the second interface 163 is clamped in the second clamping hole 1321 on the main template 132; wherein, the drainage pipe 161 between two adjacent side templates 130 is connected, and the drainage pipe 161 between two adjacent template units 100 is connected, so that after the concrete frame beam is cast, the steel cage 160, the drainage pipe 161 and the concrete frame beam are solidified into one, and a top-down drainage network is formed inside the concrete frame beam, which can facilitate the convergence of rainwater on the slope 200 from top to bottom.

[0041] It should be noted that the first interface 162 of the drain pipe 161 is clamped in the first clamping hole 1341 of the end template 134, and the second interface 163 of the drain pipe 161 is clamped in the second clamping hole 1321 of the main template 132, both for the purpose of facilitating the subsequent removal of the template so that the template can be separated from the drain pipe 161.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the outer wall of one end of the end template 134 away from the auxiliary template 133 has two mating surfaces 1342, the two mating surfaces 1342 are perpendicular to each other, and the two mating surfaces 1342 are at an angle of 45 degrees with the length direction of the side template 130. At the junction of the two template units 100, the four end templates 134 of the four side templates 130 are mutually abutted through the mating surfaces 1342, so that the template units 100 are closely connected. Among them, the two first clamping holes 1341 of the end template 134 are respectively arranged on the two mating surfaces 1342. After the two adjacent end templates 134 are abutted through the mating surfaces 1342, the first clamping holes 1341 thereon are aligned and connected, so that the drainage pipes 161 can be aligned and connected. In addition, there is a concave arc-shaped recess 1343 between the two mating surfaces 1342 of the end template 134. The arc-shaped recess 1343 is one-fourth of a circular hole. The arc-shaped recess 1343 is used to cooperate with the arc-shaped recesses 1343 on the other three adjacent end templates 134 to form the anchor hole 101.

[0043] In a further embodiment, referring to Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figure 7 As shown, the template unit 100 also includes a seepage pipe 170, in which a water-absorbing cotton column is arranged, and a plurality of seepage holes are arranged on the wall of the seepage pipe 170, and the plurality of seepage holes are arranged along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the seepage pipe 170, and the seepage pipe 170 is arranged obliquely relative to the horizontal plane, and the angle between the seepage pipe 170 and the horizontal plane is 8 degrees to 12 degrees, and the inclined top end of the seepage pipe 170 is inserted into the slope 200, and the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe 170 is connected to the second connection of one of the drainage pipes 161 in the same template unit 100. Specifically, the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe 170 is aligned with the second interface 163 of one of the drainage pipes 161 on the upper part of the formwork unit 100, and the second interface 163 opens toward the top of the slope 200. Through the above arrangement, after the concrete frame beam is formed and the formwork is removed, the seepage pipe 170 can be connected to the second interface 163 of the drainage pipe 161, and the rainwater that has infiltrated into the slope 200 can be discharged by the seepage pipe 170, and converged from top to bottom through the drainage pipe 161 solidified in the concrete frame beam.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 As shown, based on the above arrangement, a water collection channel 300 can be opened at the bottom of the slope 200 to collect rainwater that flows from the slope 200 through the seepage pipe 170 and the drainage pipes 161 to the bottom of the slope 200, so as to facilitate the recycling of water resources, reduce resource waste, and avoid water accumulation or scouring at the bottom of the slope 200; further, an irrigation system can be arranged at the water collection channel 300, and the irrigation system includes a water pump 400, a nozzle assembly 410 and a temperature and humidity sensor 500, wherein the water pump 400 is arranged in the water collection channel 300, and the nozzle assembly 410 is arranged in the temperature and humidity sensor 500. Component 410 includes a plurality of nozzles and is connected to a water pump 400 through a pipe. The nozzle assembly 410 is used to spray the water in the water collection channel 300 onto the slope 200. The temperature and humidity sensor 500 is electrically connected to the water pump 400 for detecting environmental data. When drought conditions are detected, the water pump 400 in the water collection channel 300 is controlled to start, and rainwater is sprayed onto the slope 200 through the nozzle assembly 410, thereby realizing ecological protection of the slope 200. The drought condition is judged as a temperature exceeding 30°C and a relative humidity below 40%, and lasting for more than 6 hours.

[0045] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the main template 132 and the auxiliary template 133 both have an interlayer space 136, and the interlayer space 136 is also U-shaped, and the template unit 100 also includes an airbag 180 and an inflation and deflation mechanism 190. Among them, the airbag 180 is arranged in the interlayer space 136 of any main template 132 and the interlayer space 136 of any auxiliary template 133, and the inflation and deflation mechanism 190 is used to connect the airbag 180 to inflate and deflate the airbag 180.

[0046] It is understandable that when each formwork unit 100 is assembled and concrete is poured, the airbag 180 can be inflated through the inflation and deflation mechanism 190. When the formwork is removed after pouring, the airbag 180 can be deflated through the inflation and deflation mechanism 190 to reduce the adhesion between the formwork and the concrete, so as to facilitate the removal of the formwork.

[0047] It should be noted that when traditional wooden formworks are demolded, the adhesion between concrete and the wooden formwork often causes the surface of the wooden formwork to be damaged and cannot be reused. The low reuse rate and high loss of the wooden formwork not only significantly increase the construction cost, but also aggravate the waste of resources and environmental pressure. At the same time, the wooden formwork needs to be dismantled with the help of fixing materials such as steel wire and steel nails during the demolding process. This link not only increases the labor intensity of construction workers, but also brings certain safety hazards, which can easily cause injuries to workers. In this embodiment, the above-mentioned airbag 180 and the inflation and deflation mechanism 190 can be used to assist in demolding, simplify the demolding process and improve the reuse rate of the formwork.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, reference Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the inflation and deflation mechanism 190 includes an air pump 191, a plurality of shunt pipes 192 and an air release valve 193. The shunt pipes 192 correspond to the airbags 180 one by one. The air pump 191 is connected to each airbag 180 through the shunt pipes 192 to inflate each airbag 180. The air release valve 193 is arranged on the shunt pipes 192. When the mold is removed, the gas in the airbag 180 is released through the air release valve 193. It should be noted that the templates are detachably connected. In order to prevent the inflation and deflation mechanism 190 from affecting the disassembly and assembly of each template, the air pump 191 can be arranged on the main template 132, and a quick-connect joint is arranged at the position corresponding to the airbag 180 on the auxiliary template 133, so that the airbag 180 of the auxiliary template 133 can be docked or separated from the corresponding shunt pipe 192.

[0049] Furthermore, in order to improve the auxiliary effect of the airbag 180 , in some embodiments, airbags 180 are correspondingly provided on two opposite sides of the width direction of the main template 132 and on two opposite sides of the width direction of the auxiliary template 133 .

[0050] The embodiment of the present invention further proposes a construction method of an ecological prevention and control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system based on the first embodiment, comprising the following steps: S1. Measure the parameters of the slope 200 on site. The parameters of the slope 200 include the slope , slope width W, slope height ; S2. Calculate the configuration scheme of the template unit 100 according to the parameters of the slope 200. The configuration scheme of the template unit 100 includes the number and size of the templates in a single side template 130. Specifically, the number of main templates 132 and the number of end templates 134 are fixed, there is one main template 132 and two end templates 134. When calculating, it is only necessary to calculate the number and overall size (the sum of all the sub-templates 133) of the single side template 130. Obviously, after the number and overall size of the sub-templates 133 are determined, the size of the single side template 130 can be determined, that is, the size of the square frame structure in the template unit 100 can be determined. S3. Generate a layout drawing of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 according to the configuration scheme of the template unit 100, and use the same drawing to display the contour of the slope surface of the slope 200, the position of the template unit 100, and the position of the anchor hole 101. It should be noted that since the anchor hole 101 is formed by the cooperation of two adjacent template units 100, the position of the anchor hole 101 can be determined after the position of the template unit 100 is determined, and the position of the anchor hole 101 is the arrangement position of the anchor; S4, cleaning the slope surface of the slope 200, specifically removing vegetation, humus and other obstacles on the slope surface, and then inspecting the cleaned slope surface to ensure that there are no loose areas to ensure construction safety; S5. According to the layout diagram of the template units 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200, firstly arrange the base 110 on the slope 200, then arrange the telescopic support member 120, and control the telescopic support member 120 to be telescoped to the target length by a motor, then place the steel cage 160 and splice the side forms 130, and finally arrange the anchor rods at the anchor rod holes 101 formed between the template units 100; The detailed process of step S5 is as follows: according to the layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200, the base 110 is first fixed on the slope 200, and then the telescopic support member 120 is fixed on the base 110. The main template 132 can be fixedly connected with the telescopic support member 120 in advance, and then the telescopic support member 120 is controlled by a motor to be telescoped to a target length. This target length can be determined by the length of the side template 130. After that, the steel cage 160 is passed through the main template 132, so that the second interface 163 of the drainage pipe 161 on the steel cage 160 is inserted into the second clamping hole 1321 on the main template 132, and the position of the steel cage 160 is determined. Then, the auxiliary template 133 and the end template 134 are sequentially spliced, and the first interface 162 of the drain pipe 161 is ensured to be inserted into the first clamping hole 1341 on the end template 134, so as to complete the assembly of the side template 130. After the four side templates 130 are assembled, a square frame structure is formed, and a complete template unit 100 is formed in conjunction with the base 110 and the four telescopic support members 120; after each template unit 100 is assembled, a release agent is applied to the anchor rod hole 101, and then holes are drilled on the slope 200, anchor rods are inserted, and cement is poured to fix the anchor rods to the slope 200, wherein the release agent can be vaseline, which is convenient for the subsequent removal of the template; S6, inflate the airbag 180 using the inflation and deflation mechanism 190, then pour concrete into the pouring cavity 131 from the pouring port 135, and vibrate with a vibrator to form a concrete frame beam; S7, the seepage pipe 170 is arranged obliquely on the slope 200, so that the inclined top end of the seepage pipe 170 is inserted into the slope 200, and the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe 170 is aligned with the second interface 163 of one of the drainage pipes 161 on the upper side of the template unit 100, wherein a water-absorbing cotton column is arranged in the seepage pipe 170, and a plurality of seepage holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the seepage pipe 170, and each template unit 100 is correspondingly provided with a seepage pipe 170; S8. After the concrete is initially solidified, the airbag 180 is deflated by the inflation and deflation mechanism 190 to reduce the adhesion between the template and the concrete, and then each template unit 100 is removed in turn. The removal process can be reversed according to the installation process, which will not be described in detail here. It is understandable that after removing each template unit 100, each template needs to be cleaned and inspected for subsequent reuse.

[0051] The construction method of the embodiment of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system. For different types of slopes 200, based on the parameters of the slope 200, the configuration scheme of the template unit 100 can be calculated, and a layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 is generated according to the configuration scheme of the template unit 100. The layout position of the template unit 100 is intuitively displayed through the drawing to facilitate accurate construction; during the construction process, according to the layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200, a corresponding number of templates can be assembled to assemble the side form 130, and the telescopic support member 120 can be automatically controlled by a motor to be extended to a corresponding length, so that the position of the side form 130 can be accurately controlled. In addition, by arranging the seepage pipe 170 obliquely on the slope 200 and aligning its inclined bottom end with the second interface 163 of one of the drainage pipes 161 on the upper side of the template unit 100, the seepage pipe 170 can be connected to the second interface 163 of the drainage pipe 161 after the concrete frame beam is formed and the template is removed, and the rainwater that has infiltrated into the slope 200 is discharged by the seepage pipe 170, and converged from top to bottom through the drainage pipe 161 solidified on the concrete frame beam, thereby facilitating the recycling of water resources and reducing resource waste; during the demolding process, the air bag 180 and the inflation and deflation mechanism 190 can be used to assist the demolding, which can simplify the demolding process and improve the reuse rate of the template.

[0052] It can be imagined that since the casting cavities 131 of each side mold 130 are not directly connected, there will be many gaps after pouring concrete and removing the molds. These gaps are caused by the wall thickness of the end mold 134. Therefore, in step S8, after removing each mold unit 100, secondary construction is required to fill these gaps with concrete.

[0053] It can be understood that in some embodiments, in order to facilitate the recycling of water resources and reduce resource waste, after completing step S8, a water collection channel 300 can be opened at the bottom of the slope 200 to collect rainwater that flows from the slope 200 through the seepage pipe 170 and the drainage pipes 161 to the bottom of the slope 200, and an irrigation system can be set at the water collection channel 300, the irrigation system including a water pump 400, a nozzle assembly 410 and a temperature and humidity sensor 500, the water pump 400 is arranged in the water collection channel 300, the nozzle assembly 410 is located outside the water collection channel 300, and the nozzle assembly 410 is arranged outside the water collection channel 300. Component 410 includes a plurality of nozzles and is connected to a water pump 400 through a pipe. The nozzle assembly 410 is used to spray the water in the water collection channel 300 onto the slope 200. The temperature and humidity sensor 500 is electrically connected to the water pump 400 for detecting environmental data. When drought conditions are detected, the temperature and humidity sensor 500 controls the water pump 400 in the water collection channel 300 to start, and sprays rainwater onto the slope 200 through the nozzle assembly 410, thereby realizing ecological protection of the slope 200. The judgment criteria for drought conditions are that the temperature exceeds 30°C and the relative humidity is less than 40%, and lasts for more than 6 hours.

[0054] It is understandable that the above method steps can be assisted by a computer system. For example, in step S1, after measuring the parameters of the slope 200, the parameters of the slope 200 can be stored in the computer system, and the parameters of different slopes 200 can be stored in categories, and the stored parameter data can be used as the basis for subsequent calculations and mapping. In step S2, the computer system can be used to calculate the configuration scheme of the template unit 100 based on the preset algorithm model and the stored parameter data of the slope 200. This configuration scheme can also be stored in the computer system for subsequent calls. In step S3, mapping software can be used to generate a layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 based on the configuration scheme of the aforementioned template unit 100. This layout diagram can also be stored by the computer system. In step S5, the computer system can be used to control the motor to achieve automatic control of the telescopic support 120.

[0055] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, calculating the configuration scheme of the template unit 100 according to the parameters of the slope 200 includes the following steps: S2.1. Use the regression model to predict the optimal length of all the sub-templates 133 in a single side mold 130. The calculation formula is: , In the formula, is the optimal length of all the sub-templates 133 in a single side mold 130, , and is the regression coefficient, is the slope height of 200, The slope is 200 degrees; S2.2. Set the optimization objective function and use the Lagrange multiplier method to optimize the length configuration of the sub-template 133. The objective function is defined as follows: , In the formula, represents the Lagrangian objective function, is the Lagrange multiplier, and the specification length represents the maximum template length that meets the specification; S2.3, calculate the number of required sub-templates 133, the calculation formula is: / 2 , In the formula, represents the number of sub-templates 133 in a single side mold 130, 2 represents the standard length of a single secondary template 133, Express Round up, for example, if Greater than 4 and less than 5, then The value of is 5; S2.4. Calculate the standard length of the side mold 130. The calculation formula is: 1+ 2 + 3 2, In the formula, Indicates the standard length of side mold 130, 1 represents the standard length of a single master template 132, 3 represents the standard length of a single end template 134.

[0056] In this embodiment, through the above steps, the number of the secondary templates 133 is calculated, and then the length of a single side template 130 can be obtained, so that the size specification of the square frame structure in the template unit 100 can be determined.

[0057] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, generating a layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 according to the configuration scheme of the template unit 100 includes the following steps: S3.1. Calculate the terminal coordinates of the base 110 using the following formula: , , In the formula, is the lateral end coordinate of the base 110, is the longitudinal end coordinate of the base 110, and n is an integer; to ensure that the template unit 100 is arranged within the slope range of the slope 200, it is necessary to check and ensure and Not exceeding the width of the slope and the dimensions of the slope in its inclination direction. Obviously, the dimensions of the slope in its inclination direction can be calculated based on the slope height and slope; The calculated terminal coordinates are then combined to form a comprehensive matrix: , In the formula, each element ( ij , ij ) represents the position coordinates of a base 110; obviously, after the position of the base 110 is determined, since the standard length of the side mold 130 is also determined, the position of the entire template unit 100 can also be determined. After the position of the template unit 100 is determined, the position of the anchor hole 101 can naturally be determined; S3.2, draw the contour of the slope 200, the position of the template unit 100, and the position of the anchor hole 101 on the same drawing, and make each template unit 100 located within the contour range of the slope 200, and use the drawing to intuitively display the position of the template unit 100 and the position of the anchor hole 101, so as to facilitate accurate construction. Obviously, key dimensioning and annotations can be automatically added to the drawing to facilitate operators to carry out construction according to the drawing.

[0058] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, controlling the telescopic support member 120 to extend to a target length by a motor includes the following steps: S5.1. Calculate the error between the current length and the target length of the telescopic support member 120, using the following calculation formula: , In the formula, is the error, is the target length of the telescopic support member 120, is the current length of the telescopic support member 120; S5.2, use PID control algorithm to calculate the drive signal of the motor, the calculation formula is: , In the formula, is the driving signal of the motor, is the proportional gain, which determines the effect of the current error on the motor output; For integral gain, the error is accumulated, helping to eliminate long-term deviations; It is the differential gain, which adjusts the output according to the error change trend to avoid over-adjustment; Among them, the motor is driven according to the motor drive signal Real-time adjustment, when e(t) ≈ 0, the telescopic support member 120 reaches and remains at the target length.

[0059] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system, characterized in that: include: A plurality of template units are arranged in layers along the inclination direction of the slope surface, wherein the template units include a square frame structure, a base, and four telescopic supports; The square frame structure includes four side molds that are vertically abutted against each other in sequence. Any two adjacent square frame structures abut against each other at the top corners and have anchor holes formed at the abutment points. The side mold includes a plurality of templates. Along the length direction of the templates, the plurality of templates are detachably connected in sequence and together form a casting cavity for forming the side of the frame beam. The casting cavity is distributed along the length direction of the template and is opened toward one side of the slope. The base is located at the center of the square frame structure and is used to be fixed on the slope; The four telescopic support members are arranged in a cross shape along the circumference of the base and correspond one-to-one to the side molds. The telescopic support member is parallel to the slope surface of the slope and has a built-in motor to control the telescopic support member to extend and retract along its own length direction. One end of the telescopic support member is connected to the base and the other end is connected to one of the templates of the side mold.

2. The ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the same side mold, any two adjacent templates are detachably connected via a connecting structure, and the connecting structure includes: A connecting plate, one end of which is fixed to the outer wall of one of the two adjacent templates; A connecting bolt is threadedly mounted on the other end of the connecting plate and is used for threaded connection with the other of the two adjacent templates.

3. The ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The plurality of templates include: A main template, which is arranged as a U-shaped structure and connected to the telescopic support member; Two sets of auxiliary templates are detachably connected to the two ends of the main template in the length direction, and the auxiliary templates are arranged in a U-shaped structure; The two end templates are detachably connected to the two opposite ends of the two groups of auxiliary templates, and the end of the end template away from the auxiliary template is a closed end. The end template is provided with a pouring port connected to the pouring cavity.

4. The ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The length direction of the side formwork forms an angle of 45 degrees with the width direction of the slope, and two first clamping holes penetrating the end formwork are provided at one end of any end formwork away from the auxiliary formwork, and a second clamping hole penetrating the main formwork is provided at one side of the main formwork away from the telescopic support member, and the formwork unit further includes: Four steel cages, corresponding to the four side molds one by one, the steel cages are placed in the casting cavity, a drainage pipe is fixed on the steel cage, two first interfaces are provided at both ends of the drainage pipe in the length direction, and are respectively clamped in the two first clamping holes on the corresponding sides, and a second interface is provided in the middle of the drainage pipe and is clamped in the second clamping hole; Among them, the drainage pipes between two adjacent side molds are connected, and the drainage pipes between two adjacent template units are connected.

5. The ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to claim 4 is characterized by: The template unit also includes: A seepage pipe, wherein a water-absorbing cotton column is arranged inside the seepage pipe, and a plurality of seepage holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the seepage pipe. The seepage pipe is arranged inclined relative to the horizontal plane, the inclined top end of the seepage pipe is inserted into the inside of the slope, and the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe is aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes.

6. The ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to claim 4 is characterized by: The main template and the auxiliary template both have a sandwich space, and the template unit also includes: An airbag is provided in any of the interlayer spaces; An inflation and deflation mechanism is used to connect the airbag to inflate and deflate the airbag.

7. A construction method based on the ecological control type slope frame beam adjustable formwork system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. measuring the parameters of the slope on site, where the parameters of the slope include slope gradient, slope width and slope height; S2. Calculating the configuration scheme of the template unit according to the parameters of the slope, wherein the configuration scheme of the template unit includes the number and size of the templates in a single side template; S3, generating a layout drawing of the template units on the slope surface according to the configuration scheme of the template units, and using the same drawing to display the contour of the slope surface, the position of the template units and the position of the anchor holes; S4, cleaning the slope surface of the slope; S5, according to the layout diagram of the template units on the slope surface, firstly arrange the base on the slope surface, then arrange the telescopic support, and control the telescopic support to be extended to the target length by the motor, then place the steel cage and splice the side templates, and finally arrange anchors at the anchor holes formed between the template units; S6, inflating the airbag by using the inflation and deflation mechanism, then pouring concrete into the pouring cavity from the pouring port, and vibrating with a vibrator; S7, arranging a seepage pipe obliquely on the slope, so that the inclined top end of the seepage pipe is inserted into the inside of the slope, and the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe is aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes of the template unit, and the seepage pipe corresponds to the template unit one by one; S8. After the concrete is initially solidified, the airbag is deflated by the inflation and deflation mechanism to reduce the adhesion between the template and the concrete, and then the template units are removed in turn.

8. The construction method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step S2, the configuration scheme of the template unit is obtained by calculating the parameters of the slope, including the following steps: S2.

1. Use the regression model to predict the optimal length of all the sub-templates added together in a single side template. The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, is the optimal length of all the sub-templates added together in a single side mold, , and is the regression coefficient, is the height of the slope, is the slope of the slope; S2.

2. Set the optimization objective function and optimize the length configuration of the sub-template using the Lagrange multiplier method. The objective function is defined as follows: ， In the formula, represents the Lagrangian objective function, is the Lagrange multiplier, and the specification length represents the maximum template length that meets the specification; S2.3, calculate the number of the required sub-templates, the calculation formula is: / 2 ， In the formula, Indicates the number of sub-templates in a single side mold, 2 represents the standard length of a single sub-template, Express Round up; S2.

4. Calculate the standard length of the side mold using the following formula: 1+ 2 + 3 2， In the formula, Indicates the standard length of the side mold, 1 represents the standard length of a single master template, 3 represents the standard length of a single end template.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step S3, generating a layout diagram of the template units on the slope surface according to the configuration scheme of the template units comprises the following steps: S3.

1. Calculate the terminal coordinates of the base using the following formula: ， ， In the formula, is the lateral end coordinate of the base, is the longitudinal end coordinate of the base, and n is an integer; The calculated terminal coordinates are then combined to form a comprehensive matrix: ， In the formula, each element ( ij , ij ) represents the position coordinates of one of the bases; S3.

2. Draw the contour of the slope surface, the position of the template unit, and the position of the anchor hole on the same drawing, and make sure that each template unit is located within the contour range of the slope surface.

10. The construction method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In the step S5, controlling the telescopic support member to extend to a target length by the motor includes the following steps: S5.

1. Calculate the error between the current length and the target length of the telescopic support member, using the following formula: ， In the formula, is the error, is the target length of the telescopic support, is the current length of the telescopic support; S5.2, using PID control algorithm to calculate the driving signal of the motor, the calculation formula is: ， In the formula, is a driving signal of the motor; is a proportional gain, which determines the effect of the current error on the motor output; For integral gain, the error is accumulated, helping to eliminate long-term deviations; It is the differential gain, which adjusts the output according to the error change trend to avoid over-adjustment; Wherein, the motor is driven according to the driving signal of the motor Real-time adjustment, when e(t) ≈ 0, the telescopic support reaches and remains at the target length.

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