Ecologically sound slope protection frame beam adjustable formwork system and construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses an adjustable formwork system and construction method for ecologically sound slope protection frame beams. The adjustable formwork system includes multiple formwork units, each comprising a square frame structure, a base, and four telescopic supports. The square frame structure includes four adjacent side molds, each side mold comprising multiple templates. These templates are detachably connected along their length and collectively form a casting cavity for shaping the side of the frame beam. The base is located at the center of the square frame structure and is used to fix it to the slope. The four telescopic supports are arranged in a cross shape along the circumference of the base. Each telescopic support is parallel to the slope surface and has a built-in motor to control its extension and retraction along its length. One end of each telescopic support is connected to the base, and the other end is connected to one of the side mold templates. This invention is applicable to various terrain conditions and improves construction efficiency and accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of slope protection technology, and in particular to an adjustable template system and construction method for an ecologically sound slope protection frame beam. Background Technology

[0002] The main function of frame beam slope protection is to protect the slope, prevent soil loosening and erosion, and enhance the overall integrity of the slope. In existing projects, frame beam slope protection is mostly constructed by splicing wooden formwork into a frame structure and then pouring concrete. There are two ways to arrange the wooden formwork: one is to dig trenches in the slope to place the wooden formwork, which is difficult to apply to some complex terrain conditions (such as rock slopes); the other is to place the wooden formwork without digging trenches, which requires a lot of support structures to support the formwork. Both of these methods have the problems of cumbersome construction steps, low efficiency, and low accuracy in formwork positioning. The latter is especially problematic, as it involves a more complex structure, more cumbersome construction steps, and makes it even more difficult to ensure the accuracy of formwork positioning, resulting in low construction quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes an adjustable formwork system for ecologically sound slope protection frame beams, which is applicable to various terrain conditions and can improve construction efficiency and accuracy, while ensuring construction quality.

[0004] This invention also proposes a construction method based on the above-mentioned adjustable formwork system for ecological prevention and control slope frame beams.

[0005] An adjustable template system for an ecologically sound slope frame beam according to a first aspect of the present invention includes: multiple template units arranged in layers along the slope inclination direction, wherein each template unit includes a square frame structure, a base, and four telescopic support members;

[0006] The square frame structure includes four side molds that abut each other vertically in sequence. Any two adjacent square frame structures abut each other at the top corner and form anchor holes at the abutment. The side mold includes multiple templates. Along the length of the templates, the multiple templates are detachably connected in sequence and together form a casting cavity for forming the side of the frame beam. The casting cavity is distributed along the length of the templates and opens towards one side of the slope.

[0007] The base is located at the center of the square frame structure and is used to fix it to the slope;

[0008] The four telescopic support members are arranged in a cross shape along the circumference of the base and correspond one-to-one with the side mold. The telescopic support members are parallel to the slope surface and have built-in motors to control the telescopic support members to extend and retract along their own length. One end of the telescopic support member is connected to the base and the other end is connected to one of the templates of the side mold.

[0009] The adjustable formwork system for ecologically sound slope protection frame beams according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0010] The adjustable formwork system for ecological slope protection frame beams in this embodiment utilizes telescopic supports connected between the base and the side formwork to support the side formwork, preventing displacement. This allows each formwork unit to be directly placed on the slope surface without the need for trenching or other construction operations. Therefore, it is applicable to slopes with various terrain conditions, especially those where trenching is inconvenient. Furthermore, by using telescopic supports to support the side formwork, there is no need for extensive support structures, simplifying the overall structure and construction process and improving efficiency. In addition, since the side formwork is composed of multiple detachably connected formworks, the size of the square frame structure can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of formworks and simultaneously adjusting the length of the telescopic supports, thereby adjusting the size of individual frames in the subsequently formed concrete frame beam. This allows the formed concrete frame beam to better match slopes with different terrain conditions, resulting in a wide range of applications. Moreover, the telescopic supports are controlled by a motor, facilitating precise control of the side formwork position and improving construction quality.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the same side mold, any two adjacent mold plates are detachably connected by a connecting structure, the connecting structure comprising:

[0012] A connecting plate, one end of which is fixed to the outer wall of one of the two adjacent templates;

[0013] A connecting bolt, which is threadedly installed on the other end of the connecting plate and is used for threaded connection with the other of the two adjacent templates.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of templates include:

[0015] A main template, configured as a U-shaped structure, is connected to the telescopic support member;

[0016] Two sets of sub-templates are detachably connected to both ends of the main template along its length, and the sub-templates are configured as a U-shaped structure;

[0017] Two end templates are detachably connected to the opposite ends of the two sets of sub-templates. The end of the end template away from the sub-template is a closed end, and the end template is provided with a pouring port that connects to the pouring cavity.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the length direction of the side mold forms a 45-degree angle with the width direction of the slope; each end mold has two first locking holes penetrating the end mold at the end away from the sub-mold; the main mold has a second locking hole penetrating the main mold on the side away from the telescopic support member; the mold unit further includes:

[0019] Four steel cages correspond one-to-one with the four side molds. The steel cages are placed in the casting cavity. A drainage pipe is fixed on the steel cage. Two first interfaces are provided at both ends of the length direction of the drainage pipe and are respectively locked in the two first locking holes on the corresponding side. A second interface is provided in the middle of the drainage pipe and is locked in the second locking hole.

[0020] The drainage pipes between two adjacent side molds are connected, and the drainage pipes between two adjacent template units are also connected.

[0021] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the template unit further includes:

[0022] The seepage pipe contains absorbent cotton columns and has multiple seepage holes on its wall. The seepage pipe is arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal plane. The angled top of the seepage pipe is inserted into the slope, and the angled bottom of the seepage pipe is aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes.

[0023] According to some embodiments of the present invention, both the main template and the secondary template have a mezzanine space, and the template unit further includes:

[0024] An airbag is provided in each of the aforementioned interlayer spaces;

[0025] An inflation / deflation mechanism is provided, which is connected to the airbag to inflate and deflate the airbag.

[0026] A construction method based on an adjustable formwork system for ecologically sound slope protection frame beams according to a second aspect of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0027] S1. Measure the parameters of the slope on site, including slope, slope width, and slope height;

[0028] S2. Calculate the configuration scheme of the template unit based on the parameters of the slope. The configuration scheme of the template unit includes the number and size of the templates in a single side mold.

[0029] S3. Generate a layout diagram of the template unit on the slope surface according to the configuration scheme of the template unit, and use the same drawing to show the outline of the slope surface, the position of the template unit and the position of the anchor bolt hole;

[0030] S4. Clean the slope surface of the slope;

[0031] S5. According to the layout diagram of the template unit on the slope surface, first arrange the base on the slope surface, then arrange the telescopic support and control the telescopic support to extend and retract to the target length through the motor, then place the steel cage and splice each of the side molds, and finally arrange the anchor bolts at the anchor bolt holes formed between the template units.

[0032] S6. Inflate the airbag using the inflation / deflation mechanism, then pour concrete into the pouring cavity from the pouring port, and compact it using a vibrator.

[0033] S7. Drainage pipes are arranged at an angle on the slope, such that the inclined top of the drainage pipe is inserted into the slope and the inclined bottom of the drainage pipe is aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes of the template unit. The drainage pipes correspond one-to-one with the template units.

[0034] S8. After the concrete has initially solidified, the airbag is deflated using the inflation / deflation mechanism to reduce the adhesion between the template and the concrete, and then each template unit is removed in sequence.

[0035] The construction method of this invention, based on the aforementioned adjustable formwork system for ecologically sound slope protection frame beams, can calculate the configuration scheme of formwork units for different types of slopes based on slope parameters. It then generates a layout diagram of the formwork units on the slope surface, visually displaying the placement of the formwork units for precise construction. During construction, the corresponding number of formwork units can be assembled according to the layout diagram, forming the side formwork. The telescopic supports are automatically extended and retracted to the corresponding length via a motor, allowing for precise control of the side formwork. The placement of the permeable pipes improves the accuracy of construction. Furthermore, by arranging the permeable pipes at an angle on the slope and aligning their bottom angle with the second interface of one of the upper drainage pipes in the formwork unit, the permeable pipes can be connected to the second interface of the drainage pipe after the concrete frame beam is formed and the formwork is removed. This allows rainwater that has seeped into the slope to be drained through the permeable pipes, which then collect from top to bottom through the drainage pipes fixed to the concrete frame beam, facilitating water recycling and reducing resource waste. During demolding, airbags and inflation / deflation mechanisms can assist in the process, simplifying demolding and increasing the reusability of the formwork.

[0036] According to some embodiments of the present invention, step S2, calculating the configuration scheme of the template unit based on the parameters of the slope, includes the following steps:

[0037] S2.1. Use a regression model to predict the optimal length of the sum of all the sub-templates in a single edge template. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0038] ,

[0039] In the formula, The optimal length is the sum of all the sub-templates in a single edge template. , and For regression coefficients, Let be the slope height. The slope of the slope is given.

[0040] S2.2. Set the optimization objective function and optimize the length configuration of the sub-template using the Lagrange multiplier method. The objective function is defined as follows:

[0041] ,

[0042] In the formula, Let the Lagrange objective function be represented. The Lagrange multiplier represents the maximum template length conforming to the specification;

[0043] S2.3 Calculate the required number of the sub-templates. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0044] / 2 ,

[0045] In the formula, This indicates the number of sub-templates in a single edge template. 2 represents the standard length of a single sub-template. Indicates to Round up;

[0046] S2.4 Calculate the standard length of the edge mold. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0047] 1+ 2 + 3 2,

[0048] In the formula, This indicates the standard length of the edge mold. 1 represents the standard length of a single main template. 3 indicates the standard length of a single end template.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present invention, step S3, which involves generating a layout diagram of the template units on the slope surface based on the configuration scheme of the template units, includes the following steps:

[0050] S3.1 Calculate the termination coordinates of the base using the following formula:

[0051] ,

[0052] ,

[0053] In the formula, Let be the lateral termination coordinate of the base. Let n be the longitudinal termination coordinate of the base, where n is an integer;

[0054] Then, the calculated termination coordinates are combined to form a comprehensive matrix:

[0055] ,

[0056] In the formula, each element ( ij , ij () represents the position coordinates of one of the bases;

[0057] S3.2 Draw the outline of the slope surface, the position of the template unit, and the position of the anchor bolt hole on the same drawing, and ensure that each template unit is located within the outline of the slope surface.

[0058] According to some embodiments of the present invention, step S5, wherein controlling the telescopic support member to extend or retract to the target length via the motor includes the following steps:

[0059] S5.1 Calculate the error between the current length and the target length of the telescopic support member. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0060] ,

[0061] In the formula, For error, The target length of the telescopic support component. This represents the current length of the telescopic support.

[0062] S5.2 The drive signal of the motor is calculated using a PID control algorithm. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0063] ,

[0064] In the formula, This is the drive signal for the motor; The proportional gain determines the impact of the current error on the motor output; This is used for integral gain, accumulating error, and helping to eliminate long-term biases; The differential gain is used to adjust the output based on the error change trend, avoiding over-adjustment.

[0065] The motor is driven by the motor signal. The telescopic support reaches and remains at the target length when e(t) ≈ 0, and is adjusted in real time.

[0066] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0067] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein:

[0068] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ecological prevention and control type slope frame beam adjustable template system arranged on the slope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the template unit structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the side mold, telescopic support and base in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the drainage pipe and the side mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connection component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the main template according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the permeation pipe arrangement on the slope according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0075] Icon labels:

[0076] Template unit 100, anchor hole 101, base 110, telescopic support 120, side formwork 130, pouring cavity 131, main formwork 132, second locking hole 1321, auxiliary formwork 133, end formwork 134, first locking hole 1341, mating surface 1342, arc-shaped recess 1343, pouring port 135, interlayer space 136, connecting plate 140, connecting bolt 150, reinforcing cage 160, drainage pipe 161, first interface 162, second interface 163, seepage pipe 170, airbag 180, inflation / deflation mechanism 190, air pump 191, diversion pipe 192, air release valve 193;

[0077] 200m slope;

[0078] 300-meter water collection canal;

[0079] Water pump 400, nozzle assembly 410;

[0080] Temperature and humidity sensor 500. Detailed Implementation

[0081] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0082] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0083] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0084] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0085] Reference Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an adjustable template system for an ecologically sound slope protection frame beam, comprising multiple template units 100.

[0086] Multiple template units 100 are arranged in layers along the slope direction of the slope 200. Each layer of template unit 100 includes multiple template units 100 arranged along the width direction of the slope. Each template unit 100 includes a square frame structure, a base 110, and four telescopic support members 120.

[0087] The square frame structure includes four perpendicularly abutting side molds 130. The side molds 130 abut each other at their ends along their length. Any two adjacent square frame structures abut at their apex corners, forming anchor holes 101 at the abutment points for anchor bolt placement. Each side mold 130 includes multiple templates. Along the length of the templates, these templates are detachably connected and collectively form casting cavities 131 for shaping the side of the frame beam. The casting cavities 131 are distributed along the length of the templates and open towards the slope 200. Clearly, the side of the template facing the slope 200 is in contact with the slope 200. By pouring concrete into the casting cavities 131, strip-shaped concrete structures are formed inside the side molds 130. The strip-shaped concrete structures formed within the four side molds 130 combine to form a concrete frame. The concrete frame formed by the multiple template units 100 combine to form a concrete frame beam.

[0088] The base 110 is located at the center of the square frame structure and is used to fix it to the slope 200.

[0089] Four telescopic support members 120 are arranged in a cross shape along the circumference of the base 110 and correspond one-to-one with the side mold 130. The telescopic support members 120 are parallel to the slope surface of the slope 200, and each telescopic support member 120 has a built-in motor to control the telescopic support member 120 to extend and retract along its own length. One end of the telescopic support member 120 is connected to the base 110 and the other end is connected to one of the templates of the side mold 130. The length direction of the telescopic support member 120 is perpendicular to the length direction of the side mold 130. Obviously, the telescopic support member 120 can provide support for the side mold 130 and prevent the side mold 130 from shifting. Moreover, by controlling the extension and retraction length of the telescopic support member 120, the distance of the side mold 130 relative to the base 110 can be controlled. In addition, the base 110 can be set as a block structure, and the four telescopic support members 120 are respectively connected to the four sides of the base 110.

[0090] The adjustable formwork system for ecological slope protection using the above-described structure utilizes the telescopic support 120 connected between the base 110 and the side formwork 130 to support the side formwork 130, preventing its displacement. This allows each formwork unit 100 to be directly placed on the slope surface of the slope 200 without the need for trenching or other construction operations. Therefore, it is suitable for slopes 200 with various terrain conditions, especially those where trenching is inconvenient. Furthermore, by using the telescopic support 120 to support the side formwork 130, there is no need for extensive support structures, simplifying the overall structure and construction process. This improves construction efficiency. Furthermore, since the side formwork 130 is composed of multiple detachable templates, the size of the square frame structure can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of templates and simultaneously adjusting the length of the telescopic support 120 for slopes 200 with different geological conditions. This, in turn, adjusts the size of individual frames in the subsequently formed concrete frame beams, allowing the formed concrete frame beams to better match slopes 200 with different terrain conditions, thus broadening its applicability. Moreover, the telescopic support 120's extension and retraction are controlled by a motor, facilitating control of the side formwork 130's position and ensuring high precision in the template placement, thereby improving construction quality.

[0091] It is conceivable that the template could be made of aluminum alloy or other alloy materials.

[0092] It is conceivable that the base 110 can be fixed to the slope surface of the slope 200 by anchor bolts, or by other fasteners that can meet the requirements.

[0093] It is conceivable that the telescopic support 120 and the base 110 can be connected in various ways. For example, the telescopic support 120 and the base 110 can be connected by fasteners; another example is to set a locking block on the telescopic support 120 and a locking groove on the base 110, so that the locking block is inserted into the locking groove and has an interference fit to realize the connection between the two; of course, other forms of connection can also be used between the telescopic support 120 and the base 110, as long as the condition that the telescopic support 120 can be removed from the base 110 is met.

[0094] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, any two adjacent templates in the same side mold 130 are detachably connected by a connection structure, which includes a connecting plate 140 and a connecting bolt 150.

[0095] One end of the connecting plate 140 is fixed to the outer wall of one of the two adjacent templates, and the other end of the connecting plate 140 is threaded with a connecting bolt 150. The connecting bolt 150 is used to thread-connect with the other of the two adjacent templates. The template used to thread-connect with the connecting bolt 150 has a corresponding threaded hole. The connection between the templates is achieved through the above connection structure. The structure is simple and the connection is convenient.

[0096] Based on the above settings, in order to ensure the stability of the connection, multiple sets of connection structures can be set between any two adjacent templates.

[0097] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of templates in a side mold 130 include a main template 132, two sets of sub-templates 133 and two end templates 134.

[0098] The main template 132 is located at the middle of the length direction of the side template 130. The main template 132 is set as a U-shaped structure and connected to the telescopic support 120. That is, the side template 130 is connected to the telescopic support 120 through the main template 132. Two sets of sub-templates 133 are detachably connected to both ends of the length direction of the main template 132. Each set of sub-templates 133 includes several sub-templates 133. The sub-templates 133 are also set as U-shaped structures, and the cross-sectional shape and size of the sub-templates 133 in the length direction match the cross-sectional shape and size of the main template 132 in the length direction. Two end templates 134 are detachably connected to the opposite ends of the two sets of sub-templates 133. The end of the end template 134 away from the sub-templates 133 is a closed end, that is, both ends of the length direction of the pouring cavity 131 are closed ends. The end template 134 is provided with a pouring port 135 that connects to the pouring cavity 131.

[0099] In this embodiment, the two ends of the pouring cavity 131 in the length direction are closed, that is, the pouring cavities 131 of each side mold 130 are not directly connected. With this setting, when pouring concrete, the pouring quality of each side of each frame of the concrete frame beam to be formed can be more precisely controlled, so as to ensure the final forming quality of the concrete frame beam.

[0100] It should be noted that, since the pouring cavities 131 of each side mold 130 in this embodiment are not directly connected, there will be many gaps after the concrete is poured and the formwork is removed. These gaps are caused by the wall thickness of the end mold 134. At this time, secondary construction can be carried out to fill these gaps with concrete.

[0101] Reference Figures 1 to 4As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the length direction of the side formwork 130 forms a 45-degree angle with the width direction of the slope 200. Two first locking holes 1341 penetrating the end formwork 134 are provided at the end of any end formwork 134 away from the secondary formwork 133. A second locking hole 1321 penetrating the main formwork 132 is provided on the side of the main formwork 132 away from the telescopic support member 120. The formwork unit 100 also includes four reinforcing cages 160, each corresponding to one of the four side formworks 130. The reinforcing cages 160 are placed inside the pouring cavity 131. Drainage pipes 161 are fixed to the reinforcing cages 160, arranged along the length direction of the side formwork 130, with both ends of the drainage pipe 161... Two first interfaces 162 are provided, which are respectively locked into two first locking holes 1341 on the corresponding side end template 134. A second interface 163 is provided in the middle of the drainage pipe 161, which is locked into a second locking hole 1321 on the main template 132. The drainage pipes 161 between two adjacent side templates 130 are connected, and the drainage pipes 161 between two adjacent template units 100 are also connected. In this way, after the concrete frame beam is cast, the steel cage 160, the drainage pipes 161 and the concrete frame beam are solidified into one, forming a top-down drainage network inside the concrete frame beam, which facilitates the flow of rainwater from the slope 200 from top to bottom.

[0102] It should be noted that the first interface 162 of the drain pipe 161 is locked in the first locking hole 1341 of the end template 134, and the second interface 163 of the drain pipe 161 is locked in the second locking hole 1321 of the main template 132, both in order to facilitate the separation of the template from the drain pipe 161 when the template is subsequently removed.

[0103] In some specific embodiments, refer to Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the outer wall of the end template 134 away from the sub-template 133 has two mating surfaces 1342. The two mating surfaces 1342 are perpendicular to each other, and both mating surfaces 1342 form a 45-degree angle with the length direction of the side template 130. At the junction of the two template units 100, the four end templates 134 of the four side templates 130 are fitted together through the mating surfaces 1342 to make the template units 100 tightly connected. Two first locking holes 1341 of the end template 134 are respectively provided on the two mating surfaces 1342. After two adjacent end templates 134 are fitted together through the mating surfaces 1342, their first locking holes 1341 are aligned and connected to allow the drain pipes 161 to be aligned and connected. Additionally, there is an inwardly recessed arc-shaped recess 1343 between the two mating surfaces 1342 of the end template 134. This arc-shaped recess 1343 is one-quarter of a circular hole. This arc-shaped recess 1343 is used to mate with the arc-shaped recesses 1343 on the other three adjacent end templates 134 to form the anchor bolt hole 101.

[0104] In a further embodiment, refer to Figures 1 to 4 as well as Figure 7 As shown, the template unit 100 also includes a drainage pipe 170, inside which a water-absorbing cotton column is installed. Multiple drainage holes are provided on the pipe wall of the drainage pipe 170, arranged along its axial and circumferential directions. The drainage pipe 170 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane, with an angle of 8 to 12 degrees between it and the horizontal plane. The inclined top of the drainage pipe 170 is inserted into the slope 200, and the inclined bottom of the drainage pipe 170 is connected to the second connection of one of the drainage pipes 161 within the same template unit 100. Specifically, the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe 170 is aligned with the second interface 163 of one of the drainage pipes 161 on the upper part of the formwork unit 100. The opening of this second interface 163 faces the top of the slope 200. With the above arrangement, after the concrete frame beam is formed and the formwork is removed, the seepage pipe 170 can be connected to the second interface 163 of the drainage pipe 161. The seepage pipe 170 can be used to drain the rainwater that has seeped into the slope 200 and collect it from top to bottom through the drainage pipe 161 solidified in the concrete frame beam.

[0105] Reference Figure 1 As shown, based on the above configuration, a water collection channel 300 can be constructed at the bottom of the slope 200 to collect rainwater flowing from within the slope 200 through the seepage pipe 170 and various drainage pipes 161 to the bottom of the slope 200. This facilitates water resource recycling, reduces resource waste, and avoids water accumulation or erosion problems at the bottom of the slope 200. Furthermore, an irrigation system can be installed at the water collection channel 300. This irrigation system includes a water pump 400, a sprinkler assembly 410, and a temperature and humidity sensor 500. The water pump 400 is installed within the water collection channel 300, and the sprinkler assembly... The component 410 includes several nozzles connected to a water pump 400 via pipes. The nozzle assembly 410 is used to spray water from the collection channel 300 onto the slope 200. The temperature and humidity sensor 500 is electrically connected to the water pump 400 and is used to detect environmental data. When drought conditions are detected, the water pump 400 in the collection channel 300 is controlled to start, and rainwater is sprayed onto the slope 200 through the nozzle assembly 410 to achieve ecological protection of the slope 200. The criteria for judging drought conditions are that the temperature exceeds 30°C and the relative humidity is below 40% for more than 6 hours.

[0106] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, both the main template 132 and the secondary template 133 have a mezzanine space 136, which is also U-shaped. The template unit 100 also includes an airbag 180 and an inflation / deflation mechanism 190. An airbag 180 is provided within the mezzanine space 136 of any main template 132 and within the mezzanine space 136 of any secondary template 133. The inflation / deflation mechanism 190 is used to connect the airbag 180 for inflating and deflating the airbag 180.

[0107] Understandably, when assembling each template unit 100 and pouring concrete, air can be injected into the airbag 180 through the inflation / deflation mechanism 190. When demolding after pouring, air can be released from the airbag 180 through the inflation / deflation mechanism 190 to reduce the adhesion between the template and the concrete, so as to facilitate the removal of the template.

[0108] It should be noted that traditional wooden formwork often suffers surface damage during demolding due to the adhesion between concrete and the formwork, making it unusable. This low reusability and high loss of wooden formwork not only significantly increases construction costs but also exacerbates resource waste and environmental pressure. Furthermore, the demolding process requires the use of steel wires, nails, and other fixing materials, which increases the labor intensity of construction workers and poses certain safety hazards, potentially causing worker injuries. In this embodiment, the aforementioned airbag 180 and inflation / deflation mechanism 190 can be used to assist in demolding, simplifying the demolding process and improving the reusability of the formwork.

[0109] In some specific embodiments, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 As shown, the inflation / deflation mechanism 190 includes an air pump 191, several diversion pipes 192, and a deflation valve 193. Each diversion pipe 192 corresponds to one airbag 180. The air pump 191 connects to each airbag 180 through the diversion pipes 192 to inflate each airbag 180. The deflation valve 193 is located on the diversion pipes 192 and releases the gas from the airbags 180 during demolding. It should be noted that the templates are detachably connected. To prevent the inflation / deflation mechanism 190 from affecting the assembly and disassembly of the templates, the air pump 191 can be located on the main template 132, and quick-connect fittings can be provided on the secondary template 133 at positions corresponding to the airbags 180, facilitating the docking or disassembly of the airbags 180 on the secondary template 133 with the corresponding diversion pipes 192.

[0110] Furthermore, in order to improve the auxiliary effect of the airbag 180, in some embodiments, airbags 180 are provided on both sides of the width direction of the main template 132 and on both sides of the width direction of the sub-template 133.

[0111] This invention also proposes a construction method for an adjustable formwork system for an ecologically sound slope protection frame beam based on the first aspect of the invention, comprising the following steps:

[0112] S1. Measure the parameters of slope 200 on site. The parameters of slope 200 include slope. Slope width W, slope height ;

[0113] S2. Based on the parameters of slope 200, the configuration scheme of template unit 100 is calculated. The configuration scheme of template unit 100 includes the number and size of templates in a single side template 130. Specifically, the number of main templates 132 and the number of end templates 134 are fixed. There is one main template 132 and two end templates 134. When calculating, it is only necessary to calculate the number and overall size (the sum of all sub-templates 133) of sub-templates 130. Obviously, after the number and overall size of sub-templates 133 are determined, the size of a single side template 130 can be determined, that is, the size of the square frame structure in template unit 100 can be determined.

[0114] S3. Generate a layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 according to the configuration scheme of the template unit 100. Use the same drawing to show the outline of the slope surface of the slope 200, the position of the template unit 100 and the position of the anchor bolt hole 101. It should be noted that since the anchor bolt hole 101 is formed by the cooperation of two adjacent template units 100, the position of the anchor bolt hole 101 can be determined after the position of the template unit 100 is determined. The position of the anchor bolt hole 101 is the arrangement position of the anchor bolt.

[0115] S4. Clean the slope surface of 200 mm, specifically by removing vegetation, humus and other obstacles from the slope surface. Then, inspect the cleaned slope surface to ensure that there are no loose areas to ensure construction safety.

[0116] S5. According to the layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200, first arrange the base 110 on the slope 200, then arrange the telescopic support 120, and control the telescopic support 120 to extend to the target length by the motor, then place the steel cage 160 and splice each side formwork 130, and finally arrange the anchor bolt at the anchor bolt hole 101 formed between the template units 100.

[0117] The detailed process of step S5 is as follows: According to the layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200, first fix the base 110 on the slope 200, then fix the telescopic support 120 on the base 110. The main template 132 can be pre-fixed to the telescopic support 120. Then, control the telescopic support 120 to extend and retract to the target length through the motor. This target length can be determined by the length of the side template 130. Then, pass the reinforcing cage 160 through the main template 132, so that the second interface 163 of the drainage pipe 161 on the reinforcing cage 160 is inserted into the second locking hole 1321 on the main template 132 to determine the position of the reinforcing cage 160. Then, the secondary template 133 and the end template 134 are spliced ​​in sequence, and the first interface 162 of the drainage pipe 161 is inserted into the first locking hole 1341 on the end template 134, thereby completing the assembly of the side template 130. After the four side templates 130 are assembled, a square frame structure is formed, which, together with the base 110 and four telescopic support members 120, forms a complete template unit 100. After each template unit 100 is assembled, a release agent is applied to the anchor bolt hole 101, and then holes are drilled, anchor bolts are inserted, and cement is poured in sequence on the slope 200 to fix the anchor bolts to the slope 200. The release agent can be petroleum jelly, which facilitates the subsequent removal of the template.

[0118] S6. Inflate the airbag 180 using the inflation and deflation mechanism 190, then pour concrete into the pouring cavity 131 from the pouring port 135, and use a vibrator to compact it, thereby forming a concrete frame beam.

[0119] S7. Drainage pipes 170 are arranged at an angle on the slope 200, such that the inclined top of the drainage pipe 170 is inserted into the slope 200 and the inclined bottom of the drainage pipe 170 is aligned with the second interface 163 of one of the drainage pipes 161 on the upper side of the template unit 100. The drainage pipe 170 is provided with a water-absorbing cotton column and multiple drainage holes are provided on the pipe wall. Each template unit 100 is provided with one drainage pipe 170.

[0120] S8. After the concrete has initially solidified, the airbag 180 is deflated using the inflation / deflation mechanism 190 to reduce the adhesion between the formwork and the concrete. Then, each formwork unit 100 is removed sequentially. The removal process can be performed in reverse order of the installation process, and will not be elaborated here. It is understood that after removing each formwork unit 100, each formwork needs to be cleaned and inspected to facilitate subsequent reuse.

[0121] The construction method of this invention, based on the aforementioned adjustable formwork system for ecologically sound slope frame beams, can calculate the configuration scheme of formwork units 100 for different types of slopes 200 based on the parameters of the slope 200. It then generates a layout diagram of the formwork units 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 according to the configuration scheme, visually displaying the placement of the formwork units 100 for precise construction. During construction, the corresponding number of formwork units 100 can be assembled according to the layout diagram of the formwork units 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 to form the side formwork 130. The telescopic support 120 is automatically extended and retracted to the corresponding length by a motor, allowing for precise control of the position of the side formwork 130. This arrangement improves the accuracy of construction. Furthermore, by arranging the seepage pipe 170 at an angle on the slope 200 and aligning its inclined bottom end with the second interface 163 of one of the drainage pipes 161 on the upper side of the formwork unit 100, the seepage pipe 170 can be connected to the second interface 163 of the drainage pipe 161 after the concrete frame beam is formed and the formwork is removed. The seepage pipe 170 drains rainwater that has seeped into the slope 200, and the water flows downwards through the drainage pipe 161 fixed to the concrete frame beam, facilitating water recycling and reducing resource waste. During demolding, airbags 180 and an inflation / deflation mechanism 190 can assist in demolding, simplifying the process and increasing the reusability of the formwork.

[0122] It is conceivable that since the pouring cavities 131 of each side formwork 130 are not directly connected, there will be many gaps after the concrete is poured and the formwork is removed. These gaps are caused by the wall thickness of the end formwork 134. Therefore, in step S8, after the formwork units 100 are removed, secondary construction is required to fill these gaps with concrete.

[0123] It is understood that, in some embodiments, to facilitate water resource recycling and reduce resource waste, after step S8, a water collection channel 300 can be opened at the bottom of the slope 200 to collect rainwater flowing from the slope 200 through the seepage pipe 170 and various drainage pipes 161 to the bottom of the slope 200. An irrigation system can be installed at the water collection channel 300, which includes a water pump 400, a sprinkler assembly 410, and a temperature and humidity sensor 500. The water pump 400 is located inside the water collection channel 300, and the sprinkler assembly 410 is located outside the water collection channel 300. The component 410 includes several nozzles connected to a water pump 400 via pipes. The nozzle assembly 410 is used to spray water from the collection channel 300 onto the slope 200. The temperature and humidity sensor 500 is electrically connected to the water pump 400 and is used to detect environmental data. When drought conditions are detected, the temperature and humidity sensor 500 controls the water pump 400 in the collection channel 300 to start, spraying rainwater through the nozzle assembly 410 onto the slope 200 to achieve ecological protection of the slope 200. The criteria for judging drought conditions are a temperature exceeding 30°C and a relative humidity below 40% for more than 6 hours.

[0124] It is understood that the above methods and steps can be performed with the assistance of a computer system. For example, in step S1, after measuring the parameters of slope 200, the parameters of slope 200 can be stored in the computer system. The parameters of different slopes 200 can be stored in categories, and the stored parameter data can serve as the basis for subsequent calculations and mapping. In step S2, the computer system can be used to calculate the configuration scheme of template unit 100 based on a preset algorithm model and the stored slope 200 parameter data. This configuration scheme can also be stored in the computer system for later retrieval. In step S3, mapping software can be used to generate a layout diagram of template unit 100 on the slope surface of slope 200 based on the aforementioned configuration scheme of template unit 100. This layout diagram can also be stored through the computer system. In step S5, the computer system can be used to control the motor to achieve automatic control of the extension and retraction of the telescopic support 120.

[0125] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, step S2, calculating the configuration scheme of the template unit 100 based on the parameters of the slope 200, includes the following steps:

[0126] S2.1. Use a regression model to predict the optimal length of the sum of all sub-templates 133 in a single side template 130. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0127] ,

[0128] In the formula, The optimal length is the sum of all sub-templates 133 in a single side template 130. , and For regression coefficients, The slope height is 200. The slope is 200 degrees.

[0129] S2.2. Set the optimization objective function and optimize the length configuration of sub-template 133 using the Lagrange multiplier method. The objective function is defined as follows:

[0130] ,

[0131] In the formula, Let the Lagrange objective function be represented. The Lagrange multiplier represents the maximum template length conforming to the specification;

[0132] S2.3 Calculate the required number of sub-templates 133. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0133] / 2 ,

[0134] In the formula, This indicates the number of sub-templates 133 in a single side template 130. 2 indicates the standard length of a single sub-template of 133. Indicates to Perform rounding up, for example, if If it is greater than 4 but less than 5, then The value is 5;

[0135] S2.4 Calculate the standard length of the 130mm edge mold. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0136] 1+ 2 + 3 2,

[0137] In the formula, This indicates the standard length of the 130mm edge mold. 1 indicates the standard length of a single main template, which is 132. 3 indicates the standard length of a single end template of 134.

[0138] In this embodiment, the number of sub-templates 133 is calculated through the above steps, and then the length of a single side mold 130 can be obtained, thereby determining the size specifications of the square frame structure in the template unit 100.

[0139] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, step S3, generating a layout diagram of the template unit 100 on the slope surface of the slope 200 according to the configuration scheme of the template unit 100, includes the following steps:

[0140] S3.1 Calculate the termination coordinates of base 110. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0141] ,

[0142] ,

[0143] In the formula, The lateral termination coordinates of base 110 are... Let n be the longitudinal termination coordinate of base 110, where n is an integer; to ensure that template unit 100 is arranged within the slope surface range of slope 200, it is necessary to check and ensure and It shall not exceed the width of the slope and the dimensions of the slope surface in its direction of inclination. Obviously, the dimensions of the slope surface in its direction of inclination can be calculated from the slope height and slope.

[0144] Then, the calculated termination coordinates are combined to form a comprehensive matrix:

[0145] ,

[0146] In the formula, each element ( ij , ij ) represents the position coordinates of a base 110; obviously, once the position of the base 110 is determined, since the standard length of the side mold 130 is also determined, the position of the entire template unit 100 can also be determined, and once the position of the template unit 100 is determined, the position of the anchor hole 101 can naturally be determined as well.

[0147] S3.2. Draw the outline of the slope surface of slope 200, the position of the formwork unit 100, and the position of the anchor bolt hole 101 on the same drawing, ensuring that each formwork unit 100 is within the outline of the slope surface of slope 200. The drawing visually demonstrates the position of the formwork unit 100 and the anchor bolt hole 101 to facilitate precise construction. Clearly, key dimensions and annotations can be automatically added to the drawing to facilitate construction by operators following the drawings.

[0148] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, step S5, which involves controlling the telescopic support 120 to extend or retract to the target length via a motor, includes the following steps:

[0149] S5.1 Calculate the error between the current length and the target length of the telescopic support 120. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0150] ,

[0151] In the formula, For error, The target length of the telescopic support is 120. This is the current length of the telescopic support 120;

[0152] S5.2 The PID control algorithm is used to calculate the motor drive signal. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0153] ,

[0154] In the formula, This is the drive signal for the motor. The proportional gain determines the impact of the current error on the motor output. This is used for integral gain, accumulating error, and helping to eliminate long-term biases; The differential gain is used to adjust the output based on the error change trend, avoiding over-adjustment.

[0155] Among them, the motor is driven by the motor signal. Real-time adjustment: when e(t) ≈ 0, the telescopic support 120 reaches and remains at the target length.

[0156] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0157] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable formwork system for ecologically sound slope protection frame beams, characterized in that, include: Multiple template units are arranged in layers along the slope direction of the slope. Each template unit includes a square frame structure, a base, and four telescopic support members. The square frame structure includes four side molds that abut each other vertically in sequence. Any two adjacent square frame structures abut each other at the top corner and form anchor holes at the abutment. The side mold includes multiple templates. Along the length of the templates, the multiple templates are detachably connected in sequence and together form a casting cavity for forming the side of the frame beam. The casting cavity is distributed along the length of the templates and opens towards one side of the slope. The base is located at the center of the square frame structure and is used to fix it to the slope; The four telescopic support members are arranged in a cross shape along the circumference of the base and correspond one-to-one with the side mold. The telescopic support members are parallel to the slope surface and have built-in motors to control the telescopic support members to extend and retract along their own length. One end of the telescopic support member is connected to the base and the other end is connected to one of the templates of the side mold. The multiple templates include: A main template, configured as a U-shaped structure, is connected to the telescopic support member; Two sets of sub-templates are detachably connected to both ends of the main template along its length, and the sub-templates are configured as a U-shaped structure; Two end templates are detachably connected to the opposite ends of the two sets of sub-templates. The end of the end template away from the sub-template is a closed end. The end template is provided with a pouring port that communicates with the pouring cavity. The length direction of the side formwork forms a 45-degree angle with the width direction of the slope. Each end formwork is provided with two first locking holes penetrating the end formwork at the end away from the sub-formwork. The main formwork is provided with a second locking hole penetrating the main formwork on the side away from the telescopic support. The formwork unit also includes: four steel cages, corresponding one-to-one with the four side formworks. The steel cages are placed in the pouring cavity. A drainage pipe is fixed on the steel cage. Both ends of the drainage pipe are provided with two first interfaces, which are respectively locked in the two first locking holes on the corresponding sides. The middle part of the drainage pipe is provided with a second interface, which is locked in the second locking hole. The drainage pipes between two adjacent side molds are connected, and the drainage pipes between two adjacent template units are connected. The template unit further includes: a seepage pipe, in which an absorbent cotton column is installed, and multiple seepage holes are provided on the pipe wall. The seepage pipe is arranged at an angle relative to the horizontal plane, with the inclined top end of the seepage pipe inserted into the slope and the inclined bottom end of the seepage pipe aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes.

2. The adjustable formwork system for ecological slope protection frame beams according to claim 1, characterized in that: Within the same edge mold, any two adjacent molds are detachably connected by a connecting structure, the connecting structure comprising: A connecting plate, one end of which is fixed to the outer wall of one of the two adjacent templates; A connecting bolt, which is threadedly installed on the other end of the connecting plate and is used for threaded connection with the other of the two adjacent templates.

3. The adjustable formwork system for ecological slope protection frame beams according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the main template and the secondary template have a mezzanine space, and the template unit further includes: An airbag is provided in each of the aforementioned interlayer spaces; An inflation / deflation mechanism is provided, which is connected to the airbag to inflate and deflate the airbag.

4. A construction method for an adjustable formwork system for ecologically sound slope protection frame beams as described in claim 3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Measure the parameters of the slope on site, including slope, slope width, and slope height; S2. Calculate the configuration scheme of the template unit based on the parameters of the slope. The configuration scheme of the template unit includes the number and size of the templates in a single side mold. S3. Generate a layout diagram of the template unit on the slope surface according to the configuration scheme of the template unit, and use the same drawing to show the outline of the slope surface, the position of the template unit and the position of the anchor bolt hole; S4. Clean the slope surface of the slope; S5. According to the layout diagram of the template unit on the slope surface, first arrange the base on the slope surface, then arrange the telescopic support and control the telescopic support to extend and retract to the target length through the motor, then place the steel cage and splice each of the side molds, and finally arrange the anchor bolts at the anchor bolt holes formed between the template units. S6. Inflate the airbag using the inflation / deflation mechanism, then pour concrete into the pouring cavity from the pouring port, and compact it using a vibrator. S7. Drainage pipes are arranged at an angle on the slope, such that the inclined top of the drainage pipe is inserted into the slope and the inclined bottom of the drainage pipe is aligned with the second interface of one of the drainage pipes of the template unit. The drainage pipes correspond one-to-one with the template units. S8. After the concrete has initially solidified, the airbag is deflated using the inflation / deflation mechanism to reduce the adhesion between the template and the concrete, and then each template unit is removed in sequence.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S2, calculating the configuration scheme of the template unit based on the parameters of the slope includes the following steps: S2.

1. Use a regression model to predict the optimal length of the sum of all the sub-templates in a single edge template. The calculation formula is as follows: ， In the formula, The optimal length is the sum of all the sub-templates in a single edge template. , and For regression coefficients, Let be the slope height. The slope of the slope is given. S2.

2. Set the optimization objective function and optimize the length configuration of the sub-template using the Lagrange multiplier method. The objective function is defined as follows: ， In the formula, Let the Lagrange objective function be represented. The Lagrange multiplier represents the maximum template length conforming to the specification; S2.3 Calculate the required number of the sub-templates. The calculation formula is as follows: / 2 ， In the formula, This indicates the number of sub-templates in a single edge template. 2 represents the standard length of a single sub-template. Indicates to Round up; S2.4 Calculate the standard length of the edge mold. The calculation formula is as follows: 1+ 2 + 3 2， In the formula, This indicates the standard length of the edge mold. 1 indicates the standard length of a single main template. 3 indicates the standard length of a single end template.

6. The construction method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S3, generating the layout diagram of the template units on the slope surface according to the configuration scheme of the template units includes the following steps: S3.1 Calculate the termination coordinates of the base using the following formula: ， ， In the formula, Let be the lateral termination coordinate of the base. Let n be the longitudinal termination coordinate of the base, where n is an integer; Then, the calculated termination coordinates are combined to form a comprehensive matrix: ， In the formula, each element ( ij , ij () represents the position coordinates of one of the bases; S3.2 Draw the outline of the slope surface, the position of the template unit, and the position of the anchor bolt hole on the same drawing, and ensure that each template unit is located within the outline of the slope surface.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S5, controlling the telescopic support to extend or retract to the target length via the motor includes the following steps: S5.1 Calculate the error between the current length and the target length of the telescopic support member. The calculation formula is as follows: ， In the formula, For error, The target length of the telescopic support component. This represents the current length of the telescopic support. S5.2 The drive signal of the motor is calculated using a PID control algorithm. The calculation formula is as follows: ， In the formula, This is the drive signal for the motor; The proportional gain determines the impact of the current error on the motor output; This is used for integral gain, accumulating error, and helping to eliminate long-term biases; The differential gain is used to adjust the output based on the error change trend, avoiding over-adjustment. The motor is driven by the motor signal. The telescopic support reaches and remains at the target length when e(t) ≈ 0, and is adjusted in real time.

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